Patent Application
20100028278
The present invention relates to the use of chroman-4-one derivatives for the care, preservation or improvement of the general state of the skin or hair and for prophylaxis against time- and/or light-induced ageing processes of the human skin or human hair. The present invention furthermore relates to the use of chroman-4-one derivatives as medicament active ingredients for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of skin diseases, inflammation, allergies and irritation or for wound healing. Furthermore, the invention relates to compositions having an effective content of chroman-4-one derivatives. In particular, the present invention relates to cosmetic compositions for prophylaxis against ageing processes in the skin.
The human skin is subject to certain ageing processes, some of which are attributable to intrinsic processes (chronoageing) and some of which are attributable to exogenous factors (environmental, for example photoageing). In addition, temporary or even lasting changes to the skin picture can occur, such as acne, greasy or dry skin, keratoses, rosaceae, light-sensitive, inflammatory, erythematous, allergic or autoimmune-reactive reactions, such as dermatoses and photodermatoses.
The exogenous factors include, in particular, sunlight or artificial radiation sources having a comparable spectrum, and compounds which can be formed by the radiation, such as undefined reactive photoproducts, which may also be free-radical or ionic. These factors also include cigarette smoke and the reactive compounds present therein, such as ozone, free radicals, for example the hydroxyl free radical, singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen or nitrogen compounds which interfere with the natural physiology or morphology of the skin.
The influence of these factors can result, inter alia, in direct damage to the DNA of the skin cells and to the collagen, elastin or glycosaminoglycan molecules of the extracellular matrix, which are responsible for the strength of skin. In addition, the signal transduction chains, which are terminated by the activation of matrix-degrading enzymes, may be affected. Important representatives of these enzymes are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, for example collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins), whose activity is additionally regulated by TIMPs (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases).
The consequences of the above-mentioned ageing processes are thinning of the skin, weaker interlacing of epidermis and dermis, reduction in the number of cells and the supplying blood vessels. This results in the formation of fine lines and wrinkles, the skin becomes leathery, and pigment defects can occur.
The same factors also act on hair, where damage can likewise occur. The hairs become brittle, less elastic and dull. The surface structure of the hairs is damaged.
Cosmetic or dermatological care products having properties which are claimed to counter the processes described or comparable processes or reduce or reverse the harmful consequences thereof are frequently distinguished by the following specific properties—free-radical-scavenging, antioxidative, inflammation-inhibiting or humectant. They prevent or reduce, inter alia, the activity of matrix-degrading enzymes or regulate the new synthesis of collagen, elastin or proteoglycans.
The use of antioxidants or free-radical scavengers in cosmetic compositions is adequately known per se. Thus, the use of the antioxidative vitamin E in sunscreen formulations is usual. Nevertheless, the effect achieved is even here well short of the hoped-for effect.
Vitamin A and vitamin A derivatives, such as retinoic acid, retinol and retinol esters, act on the differentiation of epithelial cells and are therefore employed for the prophylaxis and treatment of numerous phenomena which impair the skin state; for example use against acne, psoriasis, age spots, skin discoloration and wrinkles has been described (cf., for example, WO 93/19743, WO 02/02074).
However, a skin-irritant effect of retinol and derivatives is also described in the literature (for example WO 94/07462). These side effects restrict the use of retinol to narrowly limited areas, it being necessary to avoid overdosing. There is therefore a demand for active ingredients which have a retinol-like spectrum of action, but do not have the side effects described or at least only do so in reduced form.
Owing to the constantly increasing demand for cosmetic active ingredients for the preventative treatment of human skin and human hair against ageing processes and harmful environmental influences, the object of the present invention was to provide novel cosmetic active ingredients and/or medicament active ingredients which exhibit the effects already mentioned at the outset, are sufficiently oxidation- and photostable and can readily be formulated. The compositions prepared therewith should furthermore have as far as possible a low irritation potential for the skin, they should as far as possible have a positive influence on water binding in the skin, retain or increase skin elasticity and thus promote smoothing of the skin. In addition, they should preferably create a pleasant skin feeling on application to the skin.
It has now been found, surprisingly, that certain chroman-4-one derivatives are suitable as active ingredients having the profile described.
The present invention relates firstly to the non-therapeutic use of at least one compound of the formula I
or of a composition comprising at least one compound of the formula I, where
R1 and R2 may be identical or different and are selected from
For the purposes of the present invention, the term “compound of the formula I” basically also encompasses the salts of the compounds of the formula I. The preferred salts here include, in particular, alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal salts and ammonium salts, but in particular sodium and potassium salts.
The present invention furthermore relates to compositions, in particular cosmetic or dermatological compositions, comprising at least one compound of the formula I containing radicals as described above or below and at least one vehicle which is suitable for topical applications.
Uses which are preferred in accordance with the invention of the compounds of the formula I or of compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I are, in particular, the non-therapeutic use for prophylaxis against time- and/or light-induced ageing processes of the human skin or human hair, in particular for prophylaxis against dry skin, wrinkling and/or pigment defects, and/or for the reduction or prevention of harmful effects of UV rays on the skin, and for prophylaxis against or reduction of skin unevenness, such as wrinkles, fine lines, rough skin or large-pored skin in the cosmetic sense.
Uses which are preferred in accordance with the invention of the compounds of the formula I or of compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I are furthermore the non-therapeutic use for the prophylaxis and/or prevention of premature skin ageing, in particular for the prophylaxis and/or prevention of light- or ageing-induced wrinkling of the skin, for the reduction of pigmentation and keratosis actinica in the cosmetic sense.
The invention also relates to the use of at least one compound of the formula I
where
R1 and R2 may be identical or different and are selected from
The present invention also relates to the respective use of the compounds of the formula I for the preparation of compositions suitable for the uses mentioned above.
For the purposes of the present invention, the term preparation or formulation is also used synonymously alongside the term composition.
The compositions are usually either compositions for topical application, for example cosmetic or dermatological formulations, or foods or food supplements. In this case, the compositions comprise a vehicle which is suitable cosmetically or dermatologically or for foods and, depending on the desired property profile, optionally further suitable ingredients.
For the purposes of the invention, pharmaceutical compositions comprise a pharmaceutically suitable vehicle.
The use according to the invention of chroman-4-one derivatives of the general formula I in compositions, both in the cosmetic sense and also as medicament active ingredient, offers, inter alia, protection against damage caused directly or indirectly by UV radiation or processes caused by reactive compounds, such as, for example, skin ageing, loss of skin moisture, loss of skin elasticity, formation of wrinkles or lines or of pigment defects or age spots.
The present invention furthermore relates to the non-therapeutic use of the above-mentioned compounds or compositions thereof for the prevention of undesired changes in the skin picture, such as, for example, acne or greasy skin, keratoses, light-sensitive, inflammatory, erythematous, allergic or autoimmune-reactive reactions in the cosmetic sense, and to the use as medicament active ingredient for the said changes in the skin picture.
In accordance with the invention, compounds of the formula I are used, in particular, as inflammation-inhibiting active ingredients in compositions.
Compounds of the formula I can be used, for example, for preventative treatments of inflammation and allergies of the skin and in certain cases for preventing certain types of cancer Compounds of the formula I are particularly suitable as medicament active ingredient for the treatment of inflammation, allergies and irritation, in particular of the skin. It is furthermore possible to prepare compositions which act as vein tonic, as cuperose inhibitor, as inhibitor of chemical, physical or actinic erythemas, as agent for the treatment of sensitive skin, as decongestant, as dehydration agent, as slimming agent, as anti-wrinkle agent, as stimulators of the synthesis of components of the extracellular matrix, as strengthening agent for improving skin elasticity, and as anti-ageing agent. Furthermore, compounds of the formula Ia-m which are preferred in this connection exhibit anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory and anti-irritative actions. They are therefore suitable for the preparation of medicament compositions for the treatment of inflammation or allergic reactions.
The compounds of the formula I and compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I are preferably also employed for wound healing.
The invention therefore furthermore relates to the use of compounds of the formula I as medicament active ingredient, very particularly preferably as medicament active ingredient for the treatment of inflammation, allergies and/or irritation or for wound healing.
However, the compounds of the formula I and compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I preferably also serve for calming sensitive and irritated skin, for the preventative regulation of collagen, hyaluronic acid and elastin synthesis, stimulation of DNA synthesis, in particular in the case of deficient or hypoactive states of the skin, regulation of the transcription and translation of matrix-degrading enzymes, in particular of MMPs, increasing cell regeneration and regeneration of the skin, increasing the skin's own protective and repair mechanisms for DNA, lipids and/or proteins.
The compounds of the formula I and compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I preferably also serve for the prevention or reduction of the signs of cellulite and or reduce local excess fat in the cosmetic sense or also as medicament active ingredient.
Compounds of the formula I preferably to be employed are characterised in that R3 stands for H or OH.
Compounds of the formula I preferably to be employed are characterised in that R4 stands for H, OH or a straight-chain or branched C1- to C4-alkoxy group. If R3 and R4 stands for OH, the action potential of representation of this class of invention in the above-mentioned sense is particularly high.
Other compounds of the formula I preferably to be employed are characterised in that R5 stands for H or OH.
If R5 and R4 stands for OH, the action potential of representation of this class of invention in the above-mentioned sense is particularly high. Besides the above-mentioned properties, these preferred compounds additionally have an antioxidant potential. They can therefore simultaneously function as antioxidant in compositions.
Compounds of the formula I preferably to be employed are characterised in that R6 stands for H, OH, COOH or COCH3.
The condition should generally be observed that at least one substituent R1 to R6 is other than H in the compounds of the formula I used in accordance with the invention or compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I.
Further preferred combinations of embodiments are disclosed in the claims.
In addition, compounds preferably to be employed in accordance with the invention have advantages on incorporation into the compositions:
However, the compositions according to the invention in likewise preferred embodiments of the invention may also comprise compounds of the formula I which have low solubility or are insoluble in the composition matrix. In this case, the compounds are preferably dispersed in finely divided form in the cosmetic composition.
In particular, the use of compounds selected from the compounds having the formulae Ia-Ik is preferred:
Applications of structurally related compounds are known from the literature:
The use of certain 2-(alkyl)carboxyl- or 2-(alkyl)phenyl-substituted chroman-4-one derivatives in combination with divalent zinc in pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions is disclosed in EP-A-0 304 802. The compositions are suitable for the treatment of skin, in particular for the treatment of dermatoses, including atopic eczema.
EP-A-0 424 444 discloses the use of salts of chromonecarboxylic acid in cosmetics for combating skin ageing. The compound exhibits a UV-filtering action here and has the following effects in animal experiments: the proportion of bound lipids in the skin increases, the proportion of soluble collagen in the skin is increased, the resistance of the skin to the effects of the fibroplatic proteases collagenase and elastase is increased.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,019,992 discloses cosmetic compositions which comprise 4-chromanone and are suitable for the treatment of aged, dry or wrinkled skin. It is shown here that 4-chromanone promotes cell differentiation and stimulates lipid production in keratinocyte cultures.
EP-A-1 216 692 discloses the use of 2-methyl-2-(β-carboxyethyl)chroman derivatives in cosmetic compositions. The said compositions are particularly suitable for prophylaxis against ageing processes of skin and hair and for prophylaxis against dry skin, wrinkling and pigment defects.
In accordance with the invention, the compounds of the formula I are typically employed in amounts of 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight and particularly preferably in amounts of 1 to 8% by weight. The person skilled in the art is presented with absolutely no difficulties here in selecting the amounts correspondingly depending on the intended action of the composition.
The protective action against oxidative stress or against the effect of free radicals can thus be further improved if the compositions comprise one or more further antioxidants, where the person skilled in the art is presented with absolutely no difficulties in selecting antioxidants which act suitably quickly or in a time-delayed manner.
In a preferred embodiment of the composition comprising at least one compound of the formula I, this comprises one or more antioxidants and/or vitamins.
For the above-mentioned reasons, it is particularly preferred here for the composition to comprise a retinol derivative. Retinol is equally a vitamin and a preferred anti-cellulite active ingredient.
There are many proven substances known from the specialist literature which can be used as antioxidants, for example amino acids (for example glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and derivatives thereof, imidazoles, (for example urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof, peptides, such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and derivatives thereof (for example anserine), carotinoids, carotenes (for example α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and derivatives thereof, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, lipoic acid and derivatives thereof (for example dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (for example thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and the glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof and salts thereof, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts), and sulfoximine compounds (for example buthionine sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, buthionine sulfones, penta-, hexa- and heptathionine sulfoximine) in very low tolerated doses (for example μmol to μmol/kg), and also (metal) chelating agents, (for example α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (for example citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives (for example ascorbyl palmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (for example vitamin E acetate), and coniferyl benzoate of benzoin resin, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof, α-glycosyl rutin, ferulic acid, furfurylideneglucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, quercetin, uric acid and derivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, zinc and derivatives thereof (for example ZnO, ZnSO4), selenium and derivatives thereof (for example selenomethionine), stilbenes and derivatives thereof (for example stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide).
Suitable antioxidants are also described in WO 2006/111233 and WO 20061111234.
Suitable antioxidants are also compounds of the general formulae A or B
in which
R1 can be selected from the group —C(O)CH3, —CO2R3, —C(O)NH2 and —C(O)N(R4)2,
X denotes O or NH,
R2 denotes linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 30 C atoms
R3 denotes linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 20 C atoms,
R4 in each case, independently of one another, denotes H or linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 8 C atoms,
R5 denotes linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 8 C atoms or linear or branched alkoxy having 1 to 8 C atoms and
R6 denotes linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 8 C atoms, preferably derivatives of 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)malonic acid and/or 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)malonic acid, particularly preferably bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)malonate (for example Oxynex® ST Liquid) and/or bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzy)malonate (for example RonaCare® AP).
Mixtures of antioxidants are likewise suitable for use in the cosmetic compositions according to the invention. Known and commercial mixtures are, for example, mixtures comprising, as active ingredients, lecithin, L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid (for example (for example Oxynex® AP), natural tocopherols, L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate, L-(+)-ascorbic acid and citric acid (for example Oxynex® K LIQUID), tocopherol extracts from natural sources, L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate, L-(+)-ascorbic acid and citric acid (for example Oxynex® L LIQUID), DL-α-tocopherol, L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate, citric acid and lecithin (for example Oxynex® LM) or butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid (for example Oxynex® 2004). Antioxidants of this type are usually employed with compounds of the formula I in such compositions in ratios in the range from 1000:1 to 1:1000, preferably in amounts of 100:1 to 1:100.
The compositions according to the invention may comprise vitamins as further ingredients. The cosmetic compositions according to the invention preferably comprise vitamins and vitamin derivatives selected from vitamin A, vitamin A propionate, vitamin A palmitate, vitamin A acetate, retinol, vitamin B, thiamine chloride hydrochloride (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), nicotinamide, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D, ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), vitamin E, DL-α-tocopherol, tocopherol E acetate, tocopherol hydrogensuccinate, vitamin K1, esculin (vitamin P active ingredient), thiamine (vitamin B1), nicotinic acid (niacin), pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, (vitamin B6), pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid and cobalamine (vitamin B12), particularly preferably vitamin C and derivatives thereof, DL-α-tocopherol, tocopherol E acetate, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin. Vitamins are usually employed here with compounds of the formula I in ratios in the range from 1000:1 to 1:1000, preferably in amounts of 100:1 to 1:100.
Of the phenols having an antioxidative action, the polyphenols, some of which are naturally occurring, are of particular interest for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic or nutrition sector. For example, the flavonoids or bioflavonoids, which are principally known as plant dyes, frequently have an antioxidant potential. K. Lemanska, H. Szymusiak, B. Tyrakowska, R. Zielinski, I. M. C. M. Rietjens; Current Topics in Biophysics 2000, 24(2), 101-108, are concerned with effects of the substitution pattern of mono- and dihydroxyflavones. It is observed therein that dihydroxyflavones containing an OH group adjacent to the keto function or OH groups in the 3′4′- or 6,7- or 7,8-position have antioxidative properties, while other mono- and dihydroxyflavones in some cases do not have antioxidative properties.
Quercetin (cyanidanol, cyanidenolon 1522, meletin, sophoretin, ericin, 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is frequently mentioned as a particularly effective antioxidant (for example C. A. Rice-Evans, N. J. Miller, G. Paganga, Trends in Plant Science 1997, 2(4), 152-159). K. Lemanska, H. Szymusiak, B. Tyrakowska, R. Zielinski, A. E. M. F. Soffers, I. M. C. M. Rietjens; Free Radical Biology&Medicine 2001, 31(7), 869-881, are investigating the pH dependence of the antioxidant action of hydroxyflavones. Quercetin exhibits the greatest activity amongst the structures investigated over the entire pH range.
Suitable antioxidants are furthermore compounds of the formula
where R1 to R10 may be identical or different and are selected from
In order that the compounds of the formula I are able to develop their positive action on the skin particularly well, it may be preferred to allow the compounds of the formula I to penetrate into deeper skin layers. Several possibilities are available for this purpose. Firstly, the compounds of the formula I can have an adequate lipophilicity in order to be able to penetrate through the outer skin layer into epidermal layers. As a further possibility, corresponding transport agents, for example liposomes, which enable transport of the compounds of the formula I through the outer skin layers may also be provided in the composition. Finally, systemic transport of the compounds of the formula I is also conceivable. The composition is then designed, for example, in such a way that it is suitable for oral administration.
It is also advantageous to administer the compounds of the formula I in encapsulated form, for example as cellulose or chitin capsules, in gelatine or wax matrices or encapsulated with cyclodextrins.
It is assumed that the preferred compounds of the formula I also act as enzyme inhibitors. They presumably inhibit protein kinases, elastase, aldose reductase and hyaluronidase, and therefore enable the intactness of the basic substance of vascular sheaths to be maintained. Furthermore, they presumably inhibit non-specifically catechol O-methyl transferase, causing the amount of available catecholamines and thus the vascular strength to be increased. Furthermore, they are thought to inhibit AMP phosphodiesterase, giving the substances potential for inhibiting thrombocyte aggregation.
Owing to these properties, the compositions according to the invention are, in general, suitable for immune protection and for the protection of DNA and RNA. In particular, the compositions are suitable for the protection of DNA and RNA against oxidative attack, against free radicals and against damage due to radiation, in particular UV radiation. A further advantage of the compositions according to the invention is cell protection, in particular protection of Langerhans cells against damage due to the above-mentioned influences. All these uses and the use of the compounds of the formula I for the preparation of compositions which can be employed correspondingly are expressly also a subject-matter of the present invention.
In particular, preferred compositions according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment of skin diseases associated with a defect in keratinisation which affects differentiation and cell proliferation, in particular for the treatment of acne vulgaris, acne comedonica, polymorphic acne, acne rosaceae, nodular acne, acne conglobata, age-induced acne, acne which arises as a side effect, such as acne solaris, medicament-induced acne or acne professionalis, for the treatment of other defects in keratinisation, in particular ichthyosis, ichthyosiform states, Darier's disease, keratosis palmoplantaris, leukoplasia, leukoplasiform states, herpes of the skin and mucous membrane (buccal) (lichen), for the treatment of other skin diseases associated with a defect in keratinisation and which have an inflammatory and/or immunoallergic component and in particular all forms of psoriasis which affect the skin, mucous membranes and fingers and toenails, and psoriatic rheumatism and skin atopy, such as eczema or respiratory atopy, or hypertrophy of the gums, it furthermore being possible for the compounds to be used for some inflammations which are not associated with a defect in keratinisation, for the treatment of all benign or malignant excrescence of the dermis or epidermis, which may be of viral origin, such as verruca vulgaris. verruca plana, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, oral papillomatosis, papillomatosis florida, and excrescence which may be caused by UV radiation, in particular epithelioma baso-cellulare and epithelioma spinocellulare, for the treatment of other skin diseases, such as dermatitis bullosa and diseases affecting the collagen, for the treatment of certain eye diseases, in particular corneal diseases, for overcoming or combating light-induced skin ageing associated with ageing, for reducing pigmentation and keratosis actinica and for the treatment of all diseases associated with normal ageing or light-induced ageing, for the prevention or healing of wounds/scars of atrophy of the epidermis and/or dermis caused by locally or systemically applied corticosteroids and all other types of skin atrophy, for the prevention or treatment of defects in wound healing, for the prevention or elimination of stretch marks caused by pregnancy or for the promotion of wound healing, for combating defects in sebum production, such as hyperseborrhoea in acne or simple seborrhoea, for combating or preventing cancer-like states or pre-carcinogenic states, in particular promyelocytic leukaemia, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, for the treatment of all virus-induced diseases of the skin or other areas of the body, for the prevention or treatment of alopecia, for the treatment of skin diseases or diseases of other areas of the body with an immunological component, for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis or hypertension, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes, for the treatment of skin problems caused by UV radiation.
Compositions which are preferred in accordance with the invention also comprise UV filters besides the at least one compound of the formula I.
In principle, all UV filters are suitable for combination with the compounds of the formula I. Particular preference is given to UV filters whose physiological acceptability has already been demonstrated. Both for UVA and UVB filters, there are many proven substances which are known from the specialist literature, for example
benzylidenecamphor derivatives, such as 3-(4′-methylbenzylidene)-dl-camphor (for example Eusolex® 6300), 3-benzylidenecamphor (for example Mexoryl® SD), polymers of N-{(2 and 4)-[(2-oxoborn-3-ylidene)methyl]-benzyl}acrylamide (for example Mexoryl® SW), N,N,N-trimethyl-4-(2-oxoborn-3-ylidenemethyl)anilinium methylsulfate (for example Mexoryl® SK) or (2-oxoborn-3-ylidene)toluene-4-sulfonic acid (for example Mexoryl® SL),
benzoyl- or dibenzoylmethanes, such as 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (for example Eusolex® 9020) or 4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane (for example Eusolex® 8020),
benzophenones, such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (for example Eusolex® 4360) or 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its sodium salt (for example Uvinul® MS-40),
methoxycinnamic acid esters, such as octyl methoxycinnamate (for example Eusolex® 2292), isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate, for example as a mixture of the isomers (for example Neo Heliopan® E 1000),
salicylate derivatives, such as 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (for example Eusolex® OS), 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate (for example Megasol®) or 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate (for example Eusolex® HMS),
4-aminobenzoic acid and derivatives, such as 4-aminobenzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (for example Eusolex® 6007), ethoxylated ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (for example Uvinul® P25),
phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic acids, such as 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and potassium, sodium and triethanolamine salts thereof (for example Eusolex® 232), 2,2-(1,4-phenylene)bisbenzimidazole-4,6-disulfonic acid and salts thereof (for example Neoheliopan® AP) or 2,2-(1,4-phenylene)bisbenzimidazole-6-sulfonic acid;
and further substances, such as
The compounds mentioned in the list should only be regarded as examples. It is of course also possible to use other UV filters.
These organic UV filters are generally incorporated into cosmetic formulations in an amount of 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, preferably 1-8%.
Further suitable organic UV filters are, for example,
Organic UV filters are generally incorporated into cosmetic formulations in an amount of 0.5 to 20 percent by weight, preferably 1-15% by weight.
Conceivable inorganic UV filters are those from the group of titanium dioxides, such as, for example, coated titanium dioxide (for example Eusolex® T-2000, Eusolex® T-AQUA), zinc oxides (for example Sachtotec®), iron oxides or also cerium oxides. These inorganic UV filters are generally incorporated into cosmetic compositions in an amount of 0.5 to 20 percent by weight, preferably 2-10% by weight.
Preferred compounds having UV-filtering properties are 3-(4′-methylbenzylidene)-dl-camphor, 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione, 4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, octyl methoxycinnamate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and potassium, sodium and triethanolamine salts thereof.
Through combination of one or more compounds of the formula I with further UV filters, the protective action against harmful effects of UV radiation can be optimised.
Optimised compositions may comprise, for example, the combination of the organic UV filters 4′-methoxy-6-hydroxyflavone with 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione and 3-(4′-methylbenzylidene)-dl-camphor. This combination gives rise to broad-band protection, which can be supplemented by the addition of inorganic UV filters, such as titanium dioxide microparticles.
All the said UV filters can also be employed in encapsulated form. In particular, it is advantageous to employ organic UV filters in encapsulated form. In detail, the following advantages arise:
It is therefore preferred in accordance with the invention for one or more of the above-mentioned UV filters to be in encapsulated form. It is advantageous here for the capsules to be so small that they cannot be viewed with the naked eye. In order to achieve the above-mentioned effects, it is furthermore necessary for the capsules to be sufficiently stable and the encapsulated active ingredient (UV filter) only to be released to the environment to a small extent, or not at all.
Suitable capsules can have walls of inorganic or organic polymers. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,242,099 B1 describes the production of suitable capsules with walls of chitin, chitin derivatives or polyhydroxylated polyamines. Capsules which can particularly preferably be employed in accordance with the invention have walls which can be obtained by a sol-gel process, as described in the applications WO 00/09652, WO 00/72806 and WO 00/71084. Preference is again given here to capsules whose walls are built up from silica gel (silica; undefined silicon oxide hydroxide). The production of corresponding capsules is known to the person skilled in the art, for example from the cited patent applications, whose contents expressly also belong to the subject-matter of the present application.
The capsules are preferably present in compositions according to the invention in amounts which ensure that the encapsulated UV filters are present in the composition in the above-indicated amounts.
The skin-protecting or skin-care active ingredients can in principle be any active ingredients known to the person skilled in the art.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprising at least one compound of the formula I comprises a skin-care active ingredient. Particularly preferred active ingredients in this respect are pyrimidinecarboxylic acids and/or aryl oximes.
Pyrimidinecarboxylic acids occur in halophilic microorganisms and play a role in osmoregulation of these organisms (E. A. Galinski et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 149 (1985) page 135-139). Of the pyrimidinecarboxylic acids, particular mention should be made here of ectoin ((S)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) and hydroxyectoin ((S,S)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid and derivatives thereof. These compounds stabilise enzymes and other biomolecules in aqueous solutions and organic solvents. Furthermore, they stabilise, in particular, enzymes against denaturing conditions, such as salts, extreme pH values, surfactants, urea, guanidinium chloride and other compounds.
Ectoin and ectoin derivatives, such as hydroxyectoin, can advantageously be used in medicaments. In particular, hydroxyectoin can be employed for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of skin diseases. Other areas of application of hydroxyectoin and other ectoin derivatives are typically in areas in which, for example, trehalose is used as additive. Thus, ectoin derivatives, such as hydroxyectoin, can be used as protectant in dried yeast and bacteria cells. Pharmaceutical products, such as non-glycosylated, pharmaceutical active peptides and proteins, for example t-PA, can also be protected with ectoin or its derivatives.
Of the cosmetic applications, particular mention should be made of the use of ectoin and ectoin derivatives for the care of aged, dry or irritated skin. Thus, European patent application EP-A-0 671 161 describes, in particular, that ectoin and hydroxyectoin are employed in cosmetic compositions, such as powders, soaps, surfactant-containing cleansing products, lipsticks, rouge, make-ups, care creams and sunscreen preparations.
Preference is given here to the use of a pyrimidinecarboxylic acid of the following formula
in which R1 is a radical H or C1-8-alkyl, R2 is a radical H or C1-4-alkyl, and R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each, independently of one another, a radical from the group H, OH, NH2 and C1-4-alkyl. Preference is given to the use of pyrimidinecarboxylic acids in which R2 is a methyl or ethyl group, and R1 or R5 and R6 are H. Particular preference is given to the use of the pyrimidinecarboxylic acids ectoin ((S)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) and hydroxyectoin ((S,S)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid). The compositions according to the invention preferably comprise pyrimidinecarboxylic acids of this type in amounts of up to 15% by weight. The pyrimidinecarboxylic acids are preferably employed here in ratios of 100:1 to 1:100 with respect to the compounds of the formula I, with ratios in the range from 1:10 to 10:1 being particularly preferred.
Of the aryl oximes, preference is given to the use of 2-hydroxy-5-methyllaurophenone oxime, which is also known as HMLO, LPO or F5. Its suitability for use in cosmetic compositions is disclosed, for example, in DE-A-41 16 123. Compositions which comprise 2-hydroxy-5-methyllaurophenone oxime are accordingly suitable for the treatment of skin diseases which are accompanied by inflammation. It is known that compositions of this type can be used, for example, for the therapy of psoriasis, various forms of eczema, irritative and toxic dermatitis, UV dermatitis and further allergic and/or inflammatory diseases of the skin and integumentary appendages. Compositions according to the invention which, in addition to the compound of the formula I, additionally comprise an aryl oxime, preferably 2-hydroxy-5-methyllaurophenone oxime, exhibit surprising antiinflammatory suitability. The compositions here preferably comprise 0.01 to 10% by weight of the aryl oxime, it being particularly preferred for the composition to comprise 0.05 to 5% by weight of aryl oxime.
All compounds or components which can be used in the compositions are either known and commercially available or can be synthesised by known processes or isolated as natural product. Synthetic preparation processes are described below.
The one or more compounds of the formula I can be incorporated into cosmetic or dermatological compositions in the customary manner. Suitable compositions are those for external use, for example in the form of a cream, lotion or gel, or as a solution which can be sprayed onto the skin. Suitable for internal use are administration forms such as capsules, dragees, powders, tablet solutions or solutions.
Use forms of the compositions according to the invention that may be mentioned are, for example: solutions, suspensions, emulsions, PIT emulsions, pastes, ointments, gels, creams, lotions, powders, soaps, surfactant-containing cleansing preparations, oils, aerosols and sprays. Examples of other use forms are sticks, shampoos and shower compositions. Any desired customary vehicles, assistants and, if desired, further active ingredients may be added to the composition.
Preferred assistants originate from the group of the preservatives, antioxidants, stabilisers, solubilisers, vitamins, colorants, odour improvers.
Ointments, pastes, creams and gels may comprise the customary vehicles, for example animal and vegetable fats, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silica, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures of these substances.
Powders and sprays may comprise the customary vehicles, for example lactose, talc, silica, aluminium hydroxide, calcium silicate and polyamide powder, or mixtures of these substances. Sprays may additionally comprise the customary propellants, for example chlorofluorocarbons, propane/butane or dimethyl ether.
Solutions and emulsions may comprise the customary vehicles, such as solvents, solubilisers and emulsifiers, for example water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butyl glycol, oils, in particular cottonseed oil, peanut oil, wheatgerm oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil, glycerol fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, or mixtures of these substances.
Suspensions may comprise the customary vehicles, such as liquid diluents, for example water, ethanol or propylene glycol, suspension media, for example ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminium metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, or mixtures of these substances.
Soaps may comprise the customary vehicles, such as alkali metal salts of fatty acids, salts of fatty acid monoesters, fatty acid protein hydrolysates, isothionates, lanolin, fatty alcohol, vegetable oils, plant extracts, glycerol, sugars, or mixtures of these substances
Surfactant-containing cleansing products may comprise the customary vehicles, such as salts of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, sulfosuccinic acid monoesters, fatty acid protein hydrolysates, isothionates, imidazolinium derivatives, methyl taurates, sarcosinates, fatty acid amide ether sulfates, alkylamidobetaines, fatty alcohols, fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid diethanolamides, vegetable and synthetic oils, lanolin derivatives, ethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters, or mixtures of these substances.
Face and body oils may comprise the customary vehicles, such as synthetic oils, such as fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, silicone oils, natural oils, such as vegetable oils and oily plant extracts, paraffin oils, lanolin oils, or mixtures of these substances.
Further typical cosmetic use forms are also lipsticks, lip-care sticks, mascara, eyeliner, eye shadow, rouge, powder make-up, emulsion make-up and wax make-up, and sunscreen, pre-sun and after-sun preparations.
The preferred composition forms according to the invention include, in particular, emulsions.
Emulsions according to the invention are advantageous and comprise, for example, the said fats, oils, waxes and other fatty substances, as well as water and an emulsifier, as usually used for a composition of this type.
The lipid phase may advantageously be selected from the following group of substances:
For the purposes of the present invention, the oil phase of the emulsions, oleogels or hydrodispersions or lipodispersions is advantageously selected from the group of the esters of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids having a chain length of 3 to 30 C atoms and saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 3 to 30 C atoms, or from the group of the esters of aromatic carboxylic acid and saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 3 to 30 C atoms. Ester oils of this type can then advantageously be selected from the group isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isopropyl oleate, n-butyl stearate, n-hexyl laurate, n-decyl oleate, isooctyl stearate, isononyl stearate, isononyl isononanoate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl stearate, 2-octyidodecyl palmitate, oleyl oleate, oleyl erucate, erucyl oleate, erucyl erucate and synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural mixtures of esters of this type, for example jojoba oil.
The oil phase may furthermore advantageously be selected from the group of the branched and unbranched hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon waxes, silicone oils, dialkyl ethers, or the group of the saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alcohols, and fatty acid triglycerides, specifically the triglycerol esters of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids having a chain length of 8 to 24, in particular 12-18, C atoms. The fatty acid triglycerides may advantageously be selected, for example, from the group of the synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural oils, for example olive oil, sunflower oil, soya oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, almond oil, palm oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil and the like.
Any desired mixtures of oil and wax components of this type may also advantageously be employed for the purposes of the present invention. It may also be advantageous to employ waxes, for example cetyl palmitate, as the only lipid component of the oil phase.
The oil phase is advantageously selected from the group 2-ethylhexyl isostearate, octyldodecanol, isotridecyl isononanoate, isoeicosane, 2-ethylhexyl cocoate, C12-15-alkyl benzoate, caprylic/capric acid triglyceride, dicapryl ether.
Particularly advantageous are mixtures of C12-15-alkyl benzoate and 2-ethylhexyl isostearate, mixtures of C12-15-alkyl benzoate and isotridecyl isononanoate, as well as mixtures of C12-15-alkyl benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl isostearate and isotridecyl isononanoate.
Of the hydrocarbons, paraffin oil, squalane and squalene may advantageously be used for the purposes of the present invention.
Furthermore, the oil phase may also advantageously have a content of cyclic or linear silicone oils or consist entirely of oils of this type, although it is preferred to use an additional content of other oil-phase components in addition to the silicone oil or the silicone oils.
The silicone oil to be used in accordance with the invention is advantageously cyclomethicone (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane). However, it is also advantageous for the purposes of the present invention to use other silicone oils, for example hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, poly(methylphenylsiloxane).
Also particularly advantageous are mixtures of cyclomethicone and isotridecyl isononanoate and of cyclomethicone and 2-ethylhexyl isostearate.
The aqueous phase of the compositions according to the invention optionally advantageously comprises alcohols, diols or polyols having a low carbon number, and ethers thereof, preferably ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoethyl or monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl, monoethyl or monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether and analogous products, furthermore alcohols having a low carbon number, for example ethanol, isopropanol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, and, in particular, one or more thickeners, which may advantageously be selected from the group silicon dioxide, aluminium silicates, polysaccharides and derivatives thereof, for example hyaluronic acid, xanthan gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, particularly advantageously from the group of the polyacrylates, preferably a polyacrylate from the group of the so-called Carbopols, for example Carbopol grades 980, 981, 1382, 2984, 5984, in each case individually or in combination.
In particular, mixtures of the above-mentioned solvents are used. In the case of alcoholic solvents, water may be a further constituent.
Emulsions according to the invention are advantageous and comprise, for example, the said fats, oils, waxes and other fatty substances, as well as water and an emulsifier, as usually used for a formulation of this type.
In a preferred embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise hydrophilic surfactants.
The hydrophilic surfactants are preferably selected from the group of the alkylglucosides, acyl lactylates, betaines and coconut amphoacetates.
The alkylglucosides are themselves advantageously selected from the group of the alkylglucosides which are distinguished by the structural formula
where R represents a branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 4 to 24 carbon atoms and where
The value
in which p1, p2, p3 . . . pi represent the proportion of mono-, di- tri- . . . i-fold glucosylated products in percent by weight. Products which are advantageous in accordance with the invention are those having degrees of glucosylation of 1-2, particularly advantageously of 1.1 to 1.5, very particularly advantageously of 1.2-1.4, in particular of 1.3.
The value DP takes into account the fact that alkylglucosides are generally, as a consequence of their preparation, in the form of mixtures of mono- and oligoglucosides. A relatively high content of monoglucosides, typically in the order of 40-70% by weight, is advantageous in accordance with the invention.
Alkylglycosides which are particularly advantageously used for the purposes of the invention are selected from the group octyl glucopyranoside, nonyl glucopyranoside, decyl glucopyranoside, undecyl glucopyranoside, dodecyl glucopyranoside, tetradecyl glucopyranoside and hexadecyl glucopyranoside.
It is likewise advantageous to employ natural or synthetic raw materials and assistants or mixtures which are distinguished by an effective content of the active ingredients used in accordance with the invention, for example Plantaren® 1200 (Henkel KGaA), Oramix® NS 10 (Seppic).
The acyllactylates are themselves advantageously selected from the group of the substances which are distinguished by the structural formula
where R1 denotes a branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and M+ is selected from the group of the alkali metal ions and the group of the ammonium ions which are substituted by one or more alkyl and/or one or more hydroxyalkyl radicals, or corresponds to half an equivalent of an alkaline-earth metal ion.
For example, sodium isostearyl lactylate, for example the product Pathionic® ISL from the American Ingredients Company, is advantageous.
The betaines are advantageously selected from the group of the substances which are distinguished by the structural formula
where R2 denotes a branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
R2 particularly advantageously denotes a branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
For example, capramidopropylbetaine, for example the product Tego® Betain 810 from Th. Goldschmidt AG, is advantageous.
A coconut amphoacetate which is advantageous for the purposes of the invention is, for example, sodium coconut amphoacetate, as available under the name Miranol® Ultra C32 from Miranol Chemical Corp.
The compositions according to the invention are advantageously characterised in that the hydrophilic surfactant(s) is (are) present in concentrations of 0.01-20% by weight preferably 0.05-10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1-5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition.
For use, the cosmetic and dermatological compositions according to the invention are applied in sufficient amount to the skin and/or hair in the usual manner for cosmetics.
Cosmetic and dermatological compositions according to the invention may exist in various forms. Thus, they may be, for example, a solution, a water-free composition, an emulsion or microemulsion of the water-in-oil (W/O) type or of the oil-in-water (O/W) type, a multiple emulsion, for example of the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) type, a gel, a solid stick, an ointment or an aerosol. It is also advantageous to administer ectoins in encapsulated form, for example in collagen matrices and other conventional encapsulation materials, for example as cellulose encapsulations, in gelatine, wax matrices or liposomally encapsulated. In particular, wax matrices, as described in DE-A 43 08 282, have proven favourable. Preference is given to emulsions. O/W emulsions are particularly preferred. Emulsions, W/O emulsions and O/W emulsions are obtainable in a conventional manner.
Emulsifiers that can be used are, for example, the known W/O and O/W emulsifiers. It is advantageous to use further conventional co-emulsifiers in the preferred O/W emulsions according to the invention.
Co-emulsifiers which are advantageous according to the invention are, for example, O/W emulsifiers, principally from the group of the substances having HLB values of 11-16, very particularly advantageously having HLB values of 14.5-15.5, so long as the O/W emulsifiers have saturated radicals R and R′. If the O/W emulsifiers have unsaturated radicals R and/or R′ or in the case of isoalkyl derivatives, the preferred HLB value of such emulsifiers may also be lower or higher.
It is advantageous to select the fatty alcohol ethoxylates from the group of the ethoxylated stearyl alcohols, cetyl alcohols, cetylstearyl alcohols (cetearyl alcohols). Particular preference is given to the following: polyethylene glycol (13) stearyl ether (steareth-13), polyethylene glycol (14) stearyl ether (steareth-14), polyethylene glycol (15) stearyl ether (steareth-15), polyethylene glycol (16) stearyl ether (steareth-16), polyethylene glycol (17) stearyl ether (steareth-17), polyethylene glycol (18) stearyl ether (steareth-18), polyethylene glycol (19) stearyl ether (steareth-19), polyethylene glycol (20) stearyl ether (steareth-20), polyethylene glycol (12) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-12), polyethylene glycol (13) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-13), polyethylene glycol (14) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-14), polyethylene glycol (15) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-15), polyethylene glycol (16) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-16), polyethylene glycol (17) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-17), polyethylene glycol (18) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-18), polyethylene glycol (19) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-19), polyethylene glycol (20) isostearyl ether (isosteareth-20), polyethylene glycol (13) cetyl ether (ceteth-13), polyethylene glycol (14) cetyl ether (ceteth-14), polyethylene glycol (15) cetyl ether (ceteth-15), polyethylene glycol (16) cetyl ether (ceteth-16), polyethylene glycol (17) cetyl ether (ceteth-17), polyethylene glycol (18) cetyl ether (ceteth-18), polyethylene glycol (19) cetyl ether (ceteth-19), polyethylene glycol (20) cetyl ether (ceteth-20), polyethylene glycol (13) isocetyl ether (isoceteth-13), polyethylene glycol (14) isocetyl ether (isoceteth-14), polyethylene glycol (15) isocetyl ether (isoceteth-15), polyethylene glycol (16) isocetyl ether (isoceteth-16), polyethylene glycol (17) isocetyl ether (isoceteth-17), polyethylene glycol (18) isocetyl ether (isoceteth-18), polyethylene glycol (19) isocetyl ether (isoceteth-19), polyethylene glycol (20) isocetyl ether (isoceteth-20), polyethylene glycol (12) oleyl ether (oleth-12), polyethylene glycol (13) oleyl ether (oleth-13), polyethylene glycol (14) oleyl ether (oleth-14), polyethylene glycol (15) oleyl ether (oleth-15), polyethylene glycol (12) lauryl ether (laureth-12), polyethylene glycol (12) isolauryl ether (isolaureth-12), polyethylene glycol (13) cetylstearyl ether (ceteareth-13), polyethylene glycol (14) cetylstearyl ether (ceteareth-14), polyethylene glycol (15) cetylstearyl ether (ceteareth-15), polyethylene glycol (16) cetylstearyl ether (ceteareth-16), polyethylene glycol (17) cetylstearyl ether (ceteareth-17), polyethylene glycol (18) cetylstearyl ether (ceteareth-18), polyethylene glycol (19) cetylstearyl ether (ceteareth-19), polyethylene glycol (20) cetylstearyl ether (ceteareth-20).
It is furthermore advantageous to select the fatty acid ethoxylates from the following group:
polyethylene glycol (20) stearate, polyethylene glycol (21) stearate, polyethylene glycol (22) stearate, polyethylene glycol (23) stearate, polyethyl ene glycol (24) stearate, polyethylene glycol (25) stearate, polyethylene glycol (12) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (13) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (14) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (15) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (16) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (17) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (18) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (19) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (20) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (21) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (22) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (23) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (24) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (25) isostearate, polyethylene glycol (12) oleate, polyethylene glycol (13) oleate, polyethylene glycol (14) oleate, polyethylene glycol (15) oleate, polyethylene glycol (16) oleate, polyethylene glycol (17) oleate, polyethylene glycol (18) oleate, polyethylene glycol (19) oleate, polyethylene glycol (20) oleate,
An ethoxylated alkyl ether carboxylic acid or salt thereof which can advantageously be used is sodium laureth-11 carboxylate. An alkyl ether sulfate which can advantageously be used is sodium laureth-14 sulfate. An ethoxylated cholesterol derivative which can advantageously be used is polyethylene glycol (30) cholesteryl ether. Polyethylene glycol (25) soyasterol has also proven successful. Ethoxylated triglycerides which can advantageously be used are the polyethylene glycol (60) evening primrose glycerides.
It is furthermore advantageous to select the polyethylene glycol glycerol fatty acid esters from the group polyethylene glycol (20) glyceryl laurate, polyethylene glycol (21) glyceryl laurate, polyethylene glycol (22) glyceryl laurate, polyethylene glycol (23) glyceryl laurate, polyethylene glycol (6) glyceryl caprate/caprinate, polyethylene glycol (20) glyceryl oleate, polyethylene glycol (20) glyceryl isostearate, polyethylene glycol (18) glyceryl oleate(cocoate.
It is likewise favourable to select the sorbitan esters from the group polyethylene glycol (20) sorbitan monolaurate, polyethylene glycol (20) sorbitan monostearate, polyethylene glycol (20) sorbitan monoisostearate, polyethylene glycol (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, polyethylene glycol (20) sorbitan monooleate.
Optional W/O emulsifiers, but ones which may nevertheless be advantageous for the purposes of the invention can be the following:
fatty alcohols having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, monoglycerol esters of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids having a chain length of 8 to 24, in particular 12-18, C atoms, diglycerol esters of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids having a chain length of 8 to 24, in particular 12-18, C atoms, monoglycerol ethers of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 8 to 24, in particular 12-18, C atoms, diglycerol ethers of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 8 to 24, in particular 12-18, C atoms, propylene glycol esters of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids having a chain length of 8 to 24, in particular 12-18, C atoms, and sorbitan esters of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids having a chain length of 8 to 24, in particular 12-18, C atoms.
Particularly advantageous W/O emulsifiers are glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monoisostearate, glyceryl monomyristate, glyceryl monooleate, diglyceryl monostearate, diglyceryl monoisostearate, propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monoisostearate, propylene glycol monocaprylate, propylene glycol monolaurate, sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monocaprylate, sorbitan monoisooleate, sucrose distearate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, isobehenyl alcohol, selachyl alcohol, chimyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol (2) stearyl ether (steareth-2), glyceryl monolaurate, glyceryl monocaprinate, glyceryl monocaprylate.
Preferred compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for protecting human skin against ageing processes and against oxidative stress, i.e. against damage by free radicals, as are produced, for example, by sunlight, heat or other influences. In this connection, it is in the various administration forms usually used for this application. For example, it may be, in particular, in the form of a lotion or emulsion, such as in the form of a cream or milk (O/W, W/O, O/W/O, W/O/W), in the form of oily-alcoholic, oily-aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic gels or solutions, in the form of solid sticks or may be formulated as an aerosol.
The composition may comprise cosmetic adjuvants which are usually used in this type of composition, such as, for example, thickeners, softeners, moisturisers, surfactants, emulsifiers, preservatives, antifoams, perfumes, waxes, lanolin, propellants, dyes and/or pigments which colour the composition itself or the skin, and other ingredients usually used in cosmetics.
The dispersant or solubiliser used can be an oil, wax or other fatty substance, a lower monoalcohol or lower polyol or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred monoalcohols or polyols include ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is an emulsion in the form of a protective cream or milk which, apart from the compound(s) of the formula I, comprises, for example, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, in particular triglycerides of fatty acids, lanolin, natural and synthetic oils or waxes and emulsifiers in the presence of water.
Further preferred embodiments are oily lotions based on natural or synthetic oils and waxes, lanolin, fatty acid esters, in particular triglycerides of fatty acids, or oily-alcoholic lotions based on a lower alcohol, such as ethanol, or a glycerol, such as propylene glycol, and/or a polyol, such as glycerol, and oils, waxes and fatty acid esters, such as triglycerides of fatty acids.
The composition according to the invention may also be in the form of an alcoholic gel which comprises one or more lower alcohols or polyols, such as ethanol, propylene glycol or glycerol, and a thickener, such as siliceous earth. The oily-alcoholic gels also comprise natural or synthetic oil or wax.
The solid sticks consist of natural or synthetic waxes and oils, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, lanolin and other fatty substances.
If a composition is formulated as an aerosol, the customary propellants, such as alkanes, fluoroalkanes and chlorofluoroalkanes, are generally used.
The cosmetic composition may also be used to protect the hair against photochemical damage in order to prevent changes of colour shade, bleaching or damage of a mechanical nature. In this case, a suitable formulation is in the form of a rinse-out shampoo, lotion, gel or emulsion, the composition in question being applied before or after shampooing, before or after colouring or bleaching or before or after permanent waving. It is also possible to select a composition in the form of a lotion or gel for styling or treating the hair, in the form of a lotion or gel for brushing or blow-waving, in the form of a hair lacquer, permanent waving composition, colorant or bleach for the hair. Besides the compound(s) of the formula I, the composition having light-protection properties may comprise various adjuvants used in this type of composition, such as surfactants, thickeners, polymers, softeners, preservatives, foam stabilisers, electrolytes, organic solvents, silicone derivatives, oils, waxes, antigrease agents, dyes and/or pigments which colour the composition itself or the hair, or other ingredients usually used for hair care.
The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of a composition which is characterised in that at least one compound of the formula I containing radicals as described above is mixed with a vehicle which is suitable cosmetically or dermatologically or for foods, and to the use of a compound of the formula I for the preparation of a composition.
The compositions according to the invention can be prepared here with the aid of techniques which are well known to the person skilled in the art.
The mixing can result in dissolution, emulsification or dispersal of the compound of the formula I in the vehicle.
Compounds Ih, Ii, Ij and Ik are natural products.
Ih can be extracted from Gynura elliptica [1], from Calea cuneifolia [2] and from Panus Conchatus [3]. The associated references are:
[2] Lourenco, T. et al. Phytochemistry 1981 20(4), 773-776.
[3] K is, Z. et al., Helv. Chem. Acta 1970, 53, 1577-1597.
Ii can be isolated from Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. The associated reference is:
Ik can be isolated from Eupatorium betonicaeforme [5], from Arnica Montana [6] or from Compositae [7]. The associated references are:
[5] Albuquerque, M. R. J. et al. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2006, 17(1), 68-72.
[7] Bohimann, F. et al. Chem. Ber 1981, 114(1) 147-52.
A synthetic process for the preparation of compounds of the formula I, where R1 and R2 stands for H, is characterised in that a compound of the formula II
where R3 to R6 may have a meaning mentioned above, is reacted with, for example, 3-chloropropionic acid with acid catalysis in a Friedel-Crafts reaction to give an intermediate of the formula III
and the ring closure is subsequently carried out in the presence of a base.
Alternatives to chloropropionic acid are bromopropionic acid or 3-chloropropionyl chloride. Examples of acids are HF, HI, sulfuric acid, AlCl3 or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The Friedel-Craft reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acids and 3-chloropropionic acid. The reaction is preferably carried out under inert-gas conditions. The reaction temperature is between 20° and 140° C., preferably between 60° and 100° C. The reaction is particularly preferably carried out at 80° C.
The ring closure of the intermediate of the formula III using a base is preferably carried out at a temperature between 0° C. and 10° C., preferably at 5° C. Examples of bases are alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, carbonates or bicarbonates. NaOH is preferably employed.
A process for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I in which R1 and R2 are not equal to H and the substituents otherwise have a meaning indicated above is characterised in that a compound of the formula II
where R3 to R6 may have one of the meanings mentioned above, is reacted with a 3-alkylbut-2-enecarboxylic acid, where alkyl can denote methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, and 2 Lewis acids. The ring closure here takes place intramolecularly. More detailed reaction conditions in this respect are also described in the examples.
Examples of Lewis acids are aluminium chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride, tin chloride, antimony(V) chloride, titanium(IV) chloride or phosphoryl chloride. This reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of POCl3 ZnCl2 and 3-methylbut-2-enecarboxylic acid.
The reaction is preferably carried out under inert-gas conditions. The reaction temperature is between −20° and 60° C., preferably between 0° C. and 40° C. The reaction is particularly preferably carried out at room temperature.
An alternative preparation process for compounds of the formula I in which R1 and R2 is not equal to H and can have one of the meanings indicated above is characterised in that a compound of the formula IV
where R3 to R6 can have one of the meanings mentioned above, is reacted with a base, preferably an amine, and a ketone or aldehyde in a solvent.
Examples of solvents are acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, methanol, pyridine or toluene. Examples of amines are pyrrolidine, piperidine or triethylamine. The nucleophilic addition and elimination of water is preferably carried out in the presence of acetonitrile, pyrrolidine and acetone.
The concerted reaction is preferably carried out under inert-gas conditions. The reaction temperature is between 20° and 100° C., preferably between 40° C. and 60° C. The reaction is particularly preferably carried out between 45° and 50° C.
The compounds of the formula II indicated and the other reactants in the synthesis are commercially available or accessible by syntheses which are known to the person skilled in the art from the literature. the choice of suitable reaction conditions is part of the standard of the person skilled in the art of synthesis.
It has also been found that compounds of the formula I can have a stabilising action on the composition. On use in corresponding products, these therefore also remain stable for longer and do not change their appearance. In particular, the efficacy of the ingredients, for example vitamins, is also retained on extended use or extended storage. This is particularly advantageous, inter alia, in the case of compositions for protection of the skin against the effect of UV rays, since these cosmetics are subjected to particularly high stresses by the UV radiation.
The positive effects of compounds of the formula I give rise to their particular suitability for use in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions.
The properties of compounds having the formula I should likewise be assessed as positive for use in foods or as food supplements or as “functional food”. The further explanations given for foods also apply correspondingly to food supplements and to “functional food”.
The foods which can be enriched with one or more compounds of the formula I in accordance with the present invention include all materials which are suitable for consumption by animals or consumption by humans, for example vitamins and provitamins thereof, fats, minerals or amino acids. (The foods may be solid, but also liquid, i.e. in the form of a beverage).
The present invention accordingly furthermore relates to the use of a compound of the formula I as food additive for human or animal nutrition, and to compositions which are foods or food supplements and comprise corresponding vehicles.
Foods which can be enriched with one or more compounds of the formula I in accordance with the present invention are, for example, also foods which originate from a single natural source, such as, for example, sugar, unsweetened juice, squash or puree of a single plant species, such as, for example, unsweetened apple juice (for example also a mixture of different types of apple juice), grapefruit juice, orange juice, apple compote, apricot squash, tomato juice, tomato sauce, tomato puree, etc. Further examples of foods which can be enriched with one or more compounds of the formula I in accordance with the present invention are corn or cereals from a single plant species and materials produced from plant species of this type, such as, for example, cereal syrup, rye flour, wheat flour or oat bran. Mixtures of foods of this type are also suitable for being enriched with one or more compounds of the formula I in accordance with the present invention, for example multivitamin preparations, mineral mixtures or sweetened juice. As further examples of foods which can be enriched with one or more compounds of the formula I in accordance with the present invention, mention may be made of food compositions, for example prepared cereals, biscuits, mixed drinks, foods prepared especially for children, such as yoghurt, diet foods, low-calorie foods or animal feeds.
The foods which can be enriched with one or more compounds of the formula I in accordance with the present invention thus include all edible combinations of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, inorganic elements, trace elements, vitamins, water or active metabolites of plants and animals.
The foods which can be enriched with one or more compounds of the formula I in accordance with the present invention are preferably administered orally, for example in the form of meals, pills, tablets, capsules, powders, syrup, solutions or suspensions
The foods according to the invention enriched with one or more compounds of the formula I can be prepared with the aid of techniques which are well known to the person skilled in the art.
The pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I and/or one of its physiologically acceptable salts or solvates can be prepared, in particular, by non-chemical methods. In these, the compounds of the formula I can be brought into a suitable dosage form together with at least one solid, liquid and/or semi-liquid vehicle or assistant and optionally in combination with one or more further active ingredients.
These compositions can be used as medicaments in human or veterinary medicine. Suitable vehicles are organic or inorganic substances which are suitable for enteral (for example oral), parenteral or topical administration and do not react with the novel compounds, for example water, vegetable oils, benzyl alcohols, alkylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, glycerol triacetate, gelatine, carbohydrates, such as lactose or starch, magnesium stearate, talc, Vaseline. Suitable for oral use are, in particular, tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, powders, granules, syrups, juices or drops, suitable for rectal use are suppositories, suitable for parenteral use are solutions, preferably oily or aqueous solutions, furthermore suspensions, emulsions or implants, suitable for topical use are ointments, creams or powders. The compounds may also be lyophilised and the resultant lyophilisates used, for example, for the preparation of injection preparations. The compositions indicated may be sterilised and/or comprise assistants, such as lubricants, preservatives, stabilisers and/or wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing the osmotic pressure, buffer substances, dyes, flavours and/or a plurality of further active ingredients, for example one or more vitamins.
For administration as inhalation spray, it is possible to use sprays which comprise the active ingredient either dissolved or suspended in a propellant gas or propellant-gas mixture (for example CO2 or chlorofluorocarbons).
The active ingredient is advantageously used in micronised form here, where one or more additional physiologically tolerated solvents may be present, for example ethanol. Inhalation solutions can be administered with the aid of conventional inhalers.
The invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to examples. The invention can be carried out throughout the range claimed and is not restricted to the examples mentioned here.
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (87 g) is added in one portion with stirring to a mixture of phloroglucine (20.0 g, 159 mmol) and 3-chloropropionic acid (17.5 g, 161 mmol). This solution is warmed to 80° C. and stirred at this temperature for a further 30 min, cooled to room temperature and added to chloroform (400 ml). This solution is slowly added to water (400 ml), and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is then extracted 2× with 200 ml of chloroform. The combined organic phases are washed with NaCl solution, dried using Na2SO4, and the solvent is distilled off. The product is employed in the next step without further purification.
The 3-chloro-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one (22.4 g) from Example 1a) is added in one portion with stirring to 2N NaOH (1.0 l) at 5° C. This solution is warmed to room temperature and re-cooled to 5° C. and adjusted to approx. pH 2 using 6NH2SO4 (about 100 ml). This mixture is extracted 3× with 200 ml of ethyl acetate each time, washed with NaCl solution, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and the solvent is distilled off. Recrystallisation from water gives 5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (compound Ib).
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Koch, K. et al, Org. Chem. 1994, 59(5), 1216-1218.
Phosphoryl chloride (14 ml, 152 mmol) is initially introduced, and 3-methylcrotonic acid (1.6 g, 16 mmol), then zinc chloride (3.1 g, 23 mmol) and then phloroglucine (2 g, 16 mmol) are slowly added with stirring. The mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature.
The suspension is subsequently poured slowly onto about 50 g of ice with ice-bath cooling, during which a solid precipitates, which is filtered off and dried at 45° C. in a vacuum drying cabinet, giving 5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one.
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Timar, T. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1988, 25, 871.
2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (5 g, 33 mmol) and acetone (15 ml, 204 mmol) are initially introduced suspended in acetonitrile (50 ml), and pyrrolidine (6.5 ml) is subsequently added. The solution is left to stir at an internal temperature of 45-50° C. for about 8 h. The solvent is subsequently distilled off, and the residue is taken up in 200 ml of ethyl acetate and washed twice with 2N hydrochloric acid and subsequently washed with NaCl solution. Drying over Na2SO4, removal of the solvent by distillation and drying gives 6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one.
The synthesis is carried out analogously to J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44(23).
Human keratinocytes from the NCTC R13 cell line are pre-cultured with the culture medium DMEM (Life Technologies 21969035) for 24 h at 37° C. in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. The cells are treated with a compound of the formula I for 24 hours. The inflammation-initiating active ingredient phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 0.1 g/ml) is added. After incubation for 24 hours, the culture centre is collected and analysed. By means of an ELISA kit DE0100 (R&D Systems), the liberation is used to investigate the release of the inflammation marker prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The negative control is carried out without the presence of the active ingredient PMA and without a compound of the formula I. The positive control is carried out in the presence of PMA and indomethacin (1 μmolar).
5,7-Dihydroxychroman-4-one or 5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one in Tris buffer (500 mM) is incubated with elastase (from human leukocytes; Sigma E8140; 100 mU/well) on ice for 10 minutes. 5 μg/well of elastin are subsequently added, and the plates are incubated at 37° C. for 2 h. The fluorescence is determined using a Spectromax Gemini spectrometer (Molecular Devices) at λex=485 nm and λem=538 nm.
5,7-Dihydroxychroman-4-one or 5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one in phosphate buffer (0.1 M) is pre-incubated with hyaluronidase (HYAL, Sigma type IV-S, H3884; 1 mg/l in phosphate buffer (0.1 M)). Hyaluronic acid (AH, Sigma H-1876; 1.2 mg/ml) is subsequently added, and the mixture is incubated at 37° C. for 1 h. The hyaluronic acid (HA) remaining is subsequently precipitated using serum albumin (BSA, Sigma A7888) and determined photometrically.
Measurements of wound size enable the course of healing to be assessed from the changes in length, width, area and/or volume. The following methods are used here:
Simple measurement: The simplest and least expensive method is calculation of the wound area by measurements using a measuring tape or ruler. However, a prerequisite in this two-dimensional method is that the wound area corresponds to a [regular] geometrical shape, for example rectangle (length×width), circle (diameter×diameter) or oval (maximum diameter×maximum diameter perpendicular thereto). Another method for calculation of the wound size is based on the ellipse construction formula (length×width×0.785).
Wound tracing: In wound tracing, another two-dimensional method, the wound outline is transferred directly onto a transparent film (placed on the wound) using a pencil. The tracing can be carried out at the patient's bed with little technical effort and does not make any specific training requirements of the doctor. The comparison of a series of tracings illustrates the course of wound healing. The method represents only a slight burden for the patient. The tracings can be filed in the medical notes and/or input into a data processing system using a simple scanner. The most important restriction of this measurement method is the inaccurate recording of the wound perimeter in the case of unclear wound edges, which impairs the reliability and accuracy of the method.
Kundin device: This is a commercially available three-dimensional measuring device for the calculation of wound size and wound volume.
Casting method: By filling the wound cavity with the aid of saline or alginate filling material, a three-dimensional casting of the wound can be produced.
Recordings with integrated measurement scale: In this two-dimensional measurement method, a measurement scale is inserted at the image edge with the aid of a special scanner and used to measure length and width (in simple dimension data). Such recordings are suitable for assessing the course, but magnification errors cannot be excluded.
Planimetry: This is a method for the measurement of wound volume from a two-dimensional [planar] representation (photography or wound tracing). A transparent grid film is placed on the photograph or tracing image manually or on the computer. The so-called area value is then determined by counting the complete grid squares lying inside the wound boundaries and documented in the medical notes or input into the data processing system.
Computer-supported stereophotogrammetry: In the computer-supported stereophotogrammetry, which was originally developed for earth mapping, a three-dimensional image is constructed from two measurement images of the same area. In a calculation process, corresponding image points are searched for in the two images, and the height of the respective point is calculated from the distance between these corresponding points.
Some of the methods mentioned can be combined with one another. Yenidunya and Demirseren, for example, superimposed the digital recording of a wound on the wound outline drawn on a transparent film on the computer screen. This image, which can be produced without a major burden on the patient and which can be stored digitally, was used for operation planning and for the assessment of wound healing.
Non-invasive assessment methods, such as, for example, measurement of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), enable continuous assessment of the processes in the skin in the case of impairment of the barrier function of the epidermis.
The following methods also come into consideration: laser Doppler, scanning, laser Doppler flow measurement, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure measurement.
Normal human adipocytes are isolated starting from biopsies (plastic surgery). Immediately after receipt, the samples are incubated for 30 min at 37° C. in the presence of collagenase (supplied by Sigma). The suspension of adipocytes is then rinsed and diluted three-fold in the culture medium, The culture medium is formed, for example, from the following:
The adipocytes in suspension are incubated for 4 h at 37° C. in the presence of various concentrations of a compound of the formula I.
Radioactively labelled acetate (2-C14; 60.87 μCi/ml, Amersham) is then added to the preparation.
After incubation for 4 h, the lipids are extracted by the procedure described by Bligh and Dyer, Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., 37, 922 (1959), evaporation is carried out under nitrogen, and the introduced radioactivity is quantified by liquid scintillation (reference liquid scintillation instrument LKB 1210, supplied by Rackbeta).
Any interaction between the radioactively labelled acetate and a compound of the formula I is evaluated in order to confirm the specificity of the labelling by incubating the highest concentration of the compound of the formula I with acetate alone.
The reference molecule tested, Cerulin (fatty acid synthase inhibitor), inhibits the incorporation of acetate (95% inhibition/comparative sample).
This result validates the experiment.
Formulations for cosmetic compositions comprising compounds according to Examples 1-3 are shown by way of example below. The INCI names of the commercially available compounds are also shown.
UV-Pearl, OMC stands for the composition having the INCI name:
Water (for EU: Aqua), Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, Silica, PVP, Chlorophenesin, BHT; this composition is commercially available under the name Eusolex®UV Pearl™ OMC from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt.
The other UV Pearl products indicated in the tables are each of analogous composition with OMC replaced by the UV filters indicated.
Persea Gratissima
Persea Gratissima
Persea Gratissima
Prunus Dulcis
Method: Heat phases A and B to 65-70° C. Add phase B to phase A without stirring. Homogenise. Allow this mixture to cool to room temperature.
Viscosity: δ 000 mPas (Brookfield RVT, spindle C, 5 rpm, Helipath) at 23° C.
Apply the formulation of 5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one to the skin twice daily with vigorous massaging. Make circular and up-and-down movements and knead the skin. Make kneading movements. If carried out well, the skin area becomes red. This should not be restricted to the thigh, but instead this massage should be extended to the buttocks and stomach.
Apply the cream and preferably carry out the massage after a warm shower or after a bath. The hydration on the one hand and the temperature on the other hand are two elements which support penetration of the cream into the skin. Treatment of the skin with a gel or a massage glove may have a supporting action as preliminary stage.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2007 013 366.0 | Mar 2007 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP08/01352 | 2/21/2008 | WO | 00 | 9/15/2009 |
