Patent Application
20160222037
The invention relates to the use of cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silanes of general formula I to generate hydrosilanes in solution using a strong Lewis acid. This way e.g. alkenes or carbonyl compounds can be hydrosilylated in good yields using the cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silanes of general formula I as transfer hydrosilylating agents in the presence of a strong Lewis acid as catalyst with concomitant formation of an arene solvent.
Alkene hydrosilylation is one of the prevalent methods for carbon-silicon bond formation in academic as well as in industrial settings. Usually catalyzed by precious late transition metal complexes, substantial progress is currently being made in the design of catalysts based on more abundant transition metals. Various triorganosilanes (R3SiH) but also flammable trichlorosilane (Cl3SiH) and harmful trialkoxysilanes [(RO)3SiH with R=Me or Et] are commonly employed in these catalyses. Conversely, Me3SiH and Me2SiH2 are rarely applied as handling of these highly flammable and potentially explosive gases is inconvenient from a safety point of view.
Practical methods avoiding these issues would, therefore, be relevant to several areas of silicon chemistry and are the object of the present invention.
The inventors of the present invention have solved this problem by using cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silanes of general formula I
wherein
R1 and R2 represent independently from each other C1-C3-alkyl or C1-C3-alkoxy,
R3 represent independently from R1 and R2 H, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy or aryl and
R4 and R5 represent independently from each other H, C1-C3-alkyl or R1R2R3Si with
R1 to R3 as defined above,
for generation of hydrosilanes of general formula Ia in solution
R1R2R3SiH (Ia),
with R1 to R3 as above,
using a Lewis acid of general formulae II or IIa
B(C6FmHn)3 (II)
wherein m+n=5, m=0 to 5 and n=0 to 5,
BF3.O(R)2 (IIa)
wherein R is methyl or ethyl,
under concomitant formation of an arene solvent.
The inventors have found that cyclohexa-2,5-clien-1-yl-silanes of general formula I serve as viable hydrosilane precursors. It revealed that Lewis acids, particularly the Lewis acids of formulae II and IIa, a few of them being commercially available, were able to catalyze the release of hydrosilanes of formula la from cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silanes of formula I.
This new technique was used for hydrosilylation of alkenes and carbonyl compounds which was promoted by the same catalysts of formula II and IIa. It was found that the alkenes of general formula III
react in solution with the formed hydrosilanes of general formula Ia
R1R2R3SiH (Ia),
wherein R1 to R3 have the above rrieaning,
to silanes of general formula IV
with R1 to R3 as above.
In the same way carbonyl compounds of general formula V
react in solution with the formed hydrosilanes of general formula Ia
R1R2R3SiH (Ia),
wherein R1 to R3 have the above meaning,
to form silanes of general formula VI
with R1 to R3 as above.
Therefore, the net reaction corresponds to an unprecedented ionic transfer hydrosilylation of alkenes or carbonyl compounds using cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silanes of general formula I catalyzed by the Lewis acids of formula II or IIa under concomitant formation of an arene solvent. The byproducts of this reaction, arene solvent and unreacted hydrosilane of formula la, can be easily removed from the reaction mixture. Accordingly, the hydrosilylation of alkenes and carbonyl compounds is also an object of the present invention.
According to the present invention C1-C3-alkyl means methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl and C1-C3-alkoxy means methoxy, ethoxy, 1-propoxy or 2-propoxy. Aryl means substituted or unsubstituted aryl, preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, mesityl, naphth-1-yl and naphth-2-yl. Arerie solvents according to the invention are benzene, alkyl or triorganosilyl benzenes, preferably toluene, xylene cumene or trimethylsilyl benzene.
In an embodiment of the invention, cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silaries of general formula I are used wherein R1, R2 and R3 are equal to each other representing methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, methoxy or ethoxy. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, R1, R2 and R3 are methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy. It is especially preferred that R1, R2 and R3 are methyl, methoxy or ethoxy.
In another embodiment of he invention at least one of R4 and R5 in formula I is methyl or trimethylsilyl.
In yet another embodiment of the invention cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silanes of general formula I are used wherein R1 and R2 are equal to each other representing methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy, preferably methyl and methoxy, and R3 represents H or aryl, preferably phenyl.
Following compounds of formula I are particularly preferred:
According to the invention, in one embodiment the catalyst of formula II is tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane B(C6F3)3, but also boron trifluoride diethyletherate or dimethyletherate of formula Ha can be used, preferably boron trifluoride diethyletherate. It is also possible to use AlCl3 as catalyst.
The release of hydrosilanes from formula I and the hydrosilylation of alkenes are conducted in a solvent at ambient temperature. According to the present invention, ambient temperature means 15 to 30° C. The hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds is conducted at 70-120° C. As solvent it is preferred to use an arene solvent, preferably benzene, toluene, xylene, or a halogenated solvent, preferably CH2Cl2, 1,2-clichlorethane or chloroform. Transfer hydrosilylation of alkenes occurred in high yields from 80 to 95% in CH2Cl2 with cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-trimethylsilane of formula I as precursor It is remarkable that only little excess of this precursor is necessary for high yield, because this precursor is gaseous at room temperature.
Transfer hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds occurred in high yields fro 90-99% in benzene with cyclohexa-2,5-digin-1-yl-trimethylsilane of formula I as precursor.
According to one embodiment of the present invention the alkenes which are hydrosilylated are alkenes of general formula IIIa
wherein
R6 represents H, C4-C20-cycloalkyl or a I preferably C4-C6-alkyl or phenyl,
R7 represents H, C1-C10-alkyl, C4-C10-cycloalkyl or aryl, preferably C1-C4-alkyl or phenyl,
or R6 and R′ form together a cycloalkane ring, preferably a cyclohexane ring, and
R8 represents H, methyl, ethyl, —CH2Hal or phenyl.
According to the present invention Hal means halogen being chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine.
Some alkenes of formula Iiia which are hydrosilylated with cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-trimethylsilane of formula I and their end products are given in Table 1:
Particularly preferred alkenes for hydrosilylation with the new technique of the present invention are alkenes of general formula IIIa with R8 representing —CH2Hal and R6 and R7 representing hydrogen. Hydrosilylation of these alkenes, especially allylchloride, with a cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-trimethylsilane of formula I wherein R1, R2 and R3 are equal to each other and represent methoxy or ethoxy results in commercially interesting trialkoxysilanes.
Further alkenes which can be hydrosilylated with the new technique of the invention are preferably alkenes of general formula IIIb
wherein
a) in case that both rings A and B are present,
n is 1 or 2,
R9 represents H, C1-C20-alkyl or C4-C20-cycloalkyl, preferably C1-C4-alkyl, represents H or halogen;
and
b) in case that ring B is not present,
in the cyclic alkene of ring A n is 1-4, preferably 2 or 3, and R9 represents H or methyl.
Additionally, a further alkene which is preferably hydrosilylated according to the invention is norbornene (IIIc).
Some preferred alkenes of formulae IIIb and IIIc which are hydrosilylated with transfer hydrosilylating agents of formula I and their end products are given in Table 2:
The cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silanes of general formula I are not only useful as transfer hydrosilylating agents for alkenes but can also be used for Si—O bond formation in carbonyl reduction and dehydrogenative coupling with alcohols as well as hydrodehalogenation.
Hence, the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds is another object of the present invention, where cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl-silanes of formula I in the presence of a strong Lewis acid as catalyst are used.
According to one embodiment of the present invention the carbonyl compounds which are hydrosilylated are compounds of general formula Va
wherein
R represents C1-C20 alkyl or aryl,
R′ represents H, C1-C20 alkyl or aryl or
R and R∝ form together a C3-C20 cycloalkane ring.
According to the invention C1-C20 alkyl means branched or unbranched alkyl which may be substituted or unsubstituted. Aryl means substituted or unsubstituted aryl, preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, tolyl xylyl, mesityl, naphtha-1-yl and naphtha-2-yl.
The following examples are offered to illustrate the present invention. They are not intended to be limiting in any respect.
1 General Information
All reactions were performed in flame-dried glassware using an MBraun glove box (O2<0.5 ppm, H2O<0.5 ppm) or conventional Schlenk techniques under a static pressure of argon (glove box) or nitrogen. Liquids and solutions were transferred with syringes. CH2Cl2, benzene, n-pentane, and THF were purified and dried using a MBraun solvent system. 1,2-Dichloroethane was distilled over CaH2, degassed, and stored in glove box over 4 A molecular sieves. Toluene was distilled over Na, degassed, and stored in glove box over 4 A molecular sieves. C6D6 (purchased from Eurisotop) was dried over 4 A molecular sieves. [D8]Toluene and CD2Cl2 (purchased from Eurisotop) were distilled from the appropriate drying reagent, degassed and stored in glove box over 4 Å molecular sieves. Technical grade solvents for extraction and chromatography (cyclohexane, n-pentane, ethyl acetate, and fed-butyl methyl ether) were distilled prior to use. All commercially available alkenes were distilled, degassed, and stored in glove box over 4 Å molecular sieves. Analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on silica gel SIL G-25 glass plates from Macherey-Nagek Flash column chromatography was performed on silica gel 60 (40-63 μm, 230-400 mesh, ASTM) by Merck using the indicated solvents. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded in C6D6 on Bruker AV 400 and Bruker AV 500 instruments. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from tetramethylsilane and are referenced to the residual solvent resonance as the internal standard (C8H6: δ=7.16 ppm for 1H NMR and C6D6: δ=128.06 ppm for 13C NMR). Data are reported as follows: chemical shift, multiplicity (hr s=broad singlet, s=singlet, d=doublet, t=triplet, q=quartet, m=multiplet), coupling constant (Hz), and integration. Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on an Agilent Technologies Cary 630 FT-IR spectrophotometer equipped with an ATR unit and are reported in wavenumbers (cm−1). Gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS) was performed on an Agilent Technologies GC-System 5975C with an Agilent Technologies Mass Selective Detector (EI) and a HP-5MS column. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) was performed on a Shirnadzu GC-17A gas chromatograph equipped with a SE-54 capillary column (30 m×0.32 mm, 0.25 μm film thickness) by CS-Chromatographie Service using the following programs: 35-min: N2 carrier gas, column flow 1.7 mL/min, injection temperature 280° C., detector temperature 300° C.; temperature program: start temperature 40° C., heating rate 10° C./min, final temperature 280° C. for 10 min. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis was performed by the analytical facility at the Institut flir Chemie, Technische Universitat
2 Experimental Details for the Synthesis of Cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylsilanes
2.1 General Procedure for the Synthesis of Compounds (GP1)
A flame-dried 100-mL Schlenk flask is charged with dry THF (0.7M) and cyclohexa-1,4-diene. The resulting solution is then cooled to −78° C. In a separate flame-dried 25-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar is introduced sec-BuLi (1.30M in hexanes, 1.0 equiv), followed by dropwise addition of TMEDA (1.0 equiv). The resulting dark-red slurry is subsequently added dropwise to the cooled THF solution of cyclohexa-1,4-diene, and the resulting mixture is then warmed to −45° C. and maintained at this temperature for 3 h; the solution turns yellow within that time. The corresponding chlorosilane (1.0 equiv) in THF (2.5M) is finally added dropwise at −45° C., and the resulting mixture is slowly warmed to room temperature. Saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) are added, and the aqueous layer is extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with brine (20 mL) and water (20 mL). After removal of all volatiles, the crude material is purified by either flash column chromatography or distillation.
2.2 Characterization Data of Compounds Cyclohexa-25-dien-1-ylsilanes
Cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane. Prepared according to GP1 from cyclohexa-1,4-diene (0.94 mL, 10.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and trirnethylchlorosilane (1.27 mL, 10.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv). Purified by Kugelrohr distillation (30 mbar, 90° C.). Colorless oil, 1.15 g, 76% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3026, 2956, 2893, 2823, 1668, 1623, 1434, 1333, 1294, 1246, 1099, 1051, 980, 937, 893, 833, 784, 749, 714, 690. 1H NMR (500 MHz, D6D6) δ=5.68-5.65 (m, 2H), 5.55-5.52 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.55 (rn, 2H), 2.18-2.11 (m, 1H), 0.01 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=126.5 (2C), 121.8 (2C), 31.8, 26.9, −3.5 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C9H16Si): miz 152.1 [M]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 152.10158, found 152.10186.
Cyclohexa-2,5-diern-1-yldimethylsilane. Prepared according to GP1 from an excess of cyclohexa-1,4-diene (2.60 mL, 27.5 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and dimethyichlorosilane (2.78 mL, 25.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv): Purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel using n-pentane as eluent. Colorless oil, 1.89 g, 55% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3026, 2960, 2890, 2855, 2823, 2112, 1624, 1432, 1294, 1248, 1102, 1053, 937, 874, 835, 793, 741, 688, 660. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=5.68-5.61 (m, 2H), 5,56-5.49 (m, 2H), 4.09-3.99 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.21 (m, 1H), 0.03 (d, J=3.6, 6H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, 0606) 6 =126.0 (2C), 122.3 (2C), 29.6, 26.8, -6.4 (2C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C8H14Si): m/z 138.1 [M]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 138.08593, found 138.08605.
Cyclohexa-2,6-dien-1 -yltriethylsilane, Prepared according to GP1 from cyclohexa-1,4-diene (0.94 mL, 10.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and triethylchlorosilane (1.68 mL, 10.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv). Purified by Kugelrohr distillation (30 mbar, 150° C.). Colorless oil, 1.89 g, 97% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3026, 2952, 2910, 2876, 2821, 1624, 1458, 1416, 1378, 1334, 1294, 1239, 1100, 1053, 1008, 973, 938, 893, 777, 699, 664. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=5.70-5.66 (m, 2H), 5.54-5.51 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.33 (m, 1 H), 0.96 (t, J =8.0, 9H), 0.58 (q, J=8.0, 6H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=126.8 (2C), 121.6 (2C), 28.7, 26.8, 7.8 (3C), 2.7 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C12H22Si): m/z 194.1 [M]+, 115.1 [M-C6H7]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 194.14853, found 194.14836.
CycIohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrilsopropylsilane. Prepared according to GP1 from cyclohexa-1,4-diene (0.94 mL, 10.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and trilsopropylchlorosilane (2.16 mL, 10.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv). Purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel using cyclohexane as eluent. White solid, 1.56 g, 66% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3021, 2942, 2887, 2864, 2823, 1459, 1431, 1382, 1335, 1293, 1254, 1110, 1072, 1015, 943, 885, 763, 669. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=5.82-5.71 (m, 2H), 5.56-5.46 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.59 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.05 (m, 21H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=127.5 (2C), 121.6 (2C), 27.0, 26.6, 19.2 (6C), 11.7 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C15H28Si): m/z 236.2 [M]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 236,19548, found 236,19557.
Cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yldimethyl(phenyl)silane. Prepared according to GP1 from cyclohexa-1,4-diene (1.13 mL, 12.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and dimethylphenylchlorosilane (1.99 mL, 12.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv). Purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel using cyclohexane as eluent. Colorless oil, 1.77 g, 69% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3025, 2958, 2890, 2851, 2820, 1427, 1294, 1246, 1111, 1051, 935, 892, 832, 809, 795, 759, 726, 696. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.50-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.19 (m, 3H), 5.73-5.61 (m, 2H), 5.55-5.45 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.39 (m, 2H), 0.26 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=137.7, 134.3 (2C), 129.4 (2C), 128.3, 126.2 (2C), 122.3 (2C), 31.3, 26.8, −5.2 (2C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C14H18Si): m/z 214.2 [M]+, 199.1 [M-CH3]+, 137.1 [M-C6H5]+, HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 214.11723, found 214.11621.
3 Experimental Details for the Synthesis of Silanes by Transfer Hydrosilylation
3.1 General Procedure for the Catalytic Transfer Hydrosilylation of Alkenes with Cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylsilanes (GP2)
In glove box, a 1.3-mL GLC vial is charged with B(C6F5)3 (5.0 mol %) and a magnetic stir bar. Into a separate vial are weighed the alkene (1.0 equiv) and the cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylsilane (1.3 equiv). Both reagents are dissolved in CH2Cl2 (1.0 M) and the resulting solution is added to the catalyst. The vial is then capped, and the solution is stirred in the glove box. The reaction is monitored by GLC and typically requires 15 to 24 h stirring at room temperature.
The mixture is finally diluted with n-pentane (0.3 mL), filtered over a small Celite®/SiO2 column (1 cm Celite® covered with 0.5 cm SiO2, eluting with n-pentane), and all volatiles are removed under reduced pressure. If necessary, the crude target compound is purified by either flash column chromatography or Kugelrohr distillation.
3.2 Characterization Data of Compounds
cis-Trimethyl(2-rnethylcyclohiexyl)silane. Prepared according to GP2 from 1-methyl-cyclohexene (48.1 mg, 0.50 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (99.0 mg, 0.65 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Reaction was stopped after 24 h. Purified by flash column chromatography using n-pentane as eluent. cis configuration was assigned by analogy with the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrosilylation of 1-methylcyclohexene with dimethylphenylsilane and consistent NMR data. Colorless oil, 74 mg, 87% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=2955, 2919, 2850, 2812, 1444, 1405, 1378, 1247, 1200, 1156, 1106, 1059, 1018, 954, 871, 828, 744, 687. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=1.99-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.68 (ddd, J=11.4, 5.7, 2.4, 1H), 1.60-1.32 (m, 6H), 1.27-1.15 (m, 1H), 0.93 (d, J=7.2, 3H), 0.86-0.69 (m, 1H), 0.01 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=35.4, 30.8, 30.0, 28.6, 22.5, 21.7, 16.5, −1.9 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C10H22Si): m/z 170.1 [M]+, 155.1 [MCH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 170.14853, found 170.14856.
Trimethyl(octyl)silane. Prepared according to GP2 from oct-1-ene (22.4 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilarie (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Conversion was complete after 15 h. Crude material did not require purification. Colorless oil, 31 mg, 84% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=2956, 2922, 2855, 1459, 1412, 1295, 1248, 1175, 1110, 1001, 833, 755, 723, 690. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=1.44-1.18 (m, 12H), 1.02-0.86 (m, 3H), 0.59-0.47 (m, 2H), 0.03 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=34.1, 32.4, 29.8, 29.8, 24.4, 23.1, 17.0, 14.4, −1.5 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C22H24Si): m/z 171.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]30 : calcd m/z 186.17983, found 186.18008.
Trimethyl(phenethyl)silane. Prepared according to GP2 from styrene (20.8 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-clien-1-yltrimethylsilane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Conversion was complete after 17 h. Crude material did not require purification. Colorless oil, 28 mg, 78% yield. IR (ATR): /cm=3028, 2954, 2900, 1603, 1496, 1454, 1412, 1302, 1248, 1174, 1124, 1030, 998, 902, 857, 830, 747, 693. 1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.24-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 3H), 2.61-2.50 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.70 (m, 2H), −0.03 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, C5D6) δ=145.3, 128.6 (2C), 128.2 (2C), 125.9, 30.5, 18.8, -1.7 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (G11H18Si): m/z 178.1 [M]+, 163.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (ED exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 178.11723, found 178.11747.
Trimethyl(2-phenylpropyl)silane. Prepared according to GP2 from a-methylstyrene (23.6 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrirnethylsilane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Conversion was complete after 17 h. Crude material did not require purification. Colorless oil, 28 mg, 85% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3028, 2955, 2898, 1603, 1493, 1451, 1411, 1372, 1300, 1247, 1186, 1147, 1083, 1028, 913, 834, 761, 697. 1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.22-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.03 (m, 3H), 2.78 (dp, J=8.6, 6.8, 1H), 1.23 (d, J =6.9, 3H), 0.92 (dd, J=14.6, 8.6, 1H), 0.78 (dd, J=14.7, 6.6, 1H), −0.11 (s, 91-1). 13C NMR (101 MHz, C6D6) δ=149.7, 128.7 (2C), 127.1 (2C), 126.2, 36.9, 27.1, 27.0, −0.9 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C12H20Si): m/z 192.1 [M]+, 177.1 [M-CH3]+, 105.1 [M-C4H11Si]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 192.13288, found 192.13333.
(2,2-Diphenylethyl)trirnethylsilane. Prepared according to GP2 from 1,1-diphenylethylene (36.1 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Conversion was complete after 22 h. Crude material did not require purification. Colorless oil, 48 mg, 94% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3062, 3027, 2952, 2896, 1598, 1492, 1450, 1413, 1247, 1173, 1131, 1072, 1031, 1015, 849, 828, 780, 748, 694. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6O6) δ=7.19 (d, J=7.2, 4H), 7.12 (t, J=7.8, 4H), 7.01 (t, J=7.3, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=8.1, 1H), 1.30 (d, J=8.1, 2H), −0.16 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ 147.5 (2C), 128.6 (4C), 128.0 (2C), 126.3 (4C), 47.8, 24.3, −1.1 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C17H22Si): m/z 254.2 [M]+, 239.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [Mr: calcd m/z 254.14853, found 254.14933.
(Cyclohexylmethyl)trimethylsilane. Prepared according to GP2 from methylenecyclohexane (19.2 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Reaction was stopped after 24 h. Crude material did not require purification. Colorless oil, 29 mg, 85% yield. IR (ATR); /cm−1=2921, 2853, 1448, 1413, 1247, 1152, 1033, 969, 889, 858, 832, 772, 755, 689. 1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) δ=1.80-1.54 (m, 5H), 1.45-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.05 (m, 3H), 1.03-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.49 (d, J=6.9, 2H), 0.04 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=37.2 (2C), 34.8, 27.0 (2C), 26.7, 26.0, −0.4 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C10H22Si): m/z 170.2 [M]+, 155.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M+: calcd m/z 170.14853, found 170.14842.
Trimethyl(2-thethylnonyl)silane. Prepared according to GP2 from 2-methylnon-1-ene (281 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv), Conversion was complete after 17 h. Crude material did not require purification. Colorless oil, 35 mg, 81% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=2955, 2925, 2855, 1459, 1414, 1376, 1295, 1248, 1216, 1108, 1030, 833, 784, 759, 689, 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D) δ=1.69-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.15(m, 12H), 0.97 (d, J=6.6, 3H), 0.94-0.89 (m, 3H), 0.67 (dd, J=14.6, 5.1, 1H), 0.42 (dd, J=14.7, 8.5, 1H), 0.06 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=41.1, 32.4, 30.4, 30.0, 29.9, 27.7, 25.5, 23.3, 23.2, 14.4, −0.4 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C13H30Si): m/z 199.2 [M-CH3]+, 115.1 [M-C7H15]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+; calcd m/z 214.21113, found 214.21203.
(2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)trimethylsilane. Prepared according to GP2 from indene (23.2 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Conversion was complete after 15 h. Purified by flash column chromatography using n-pentane as eluent. Colorless oil, 25 mg, 69% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3023, 2953, 2895, 2839, 1482, 1459, 1444, 1404, 1318, 1247, 1144, 1025, 990, 931, 908, 830, 747, 689. 1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.22-7.08 (m, 4H), 2.81 (dd, J=15.2, 9.0, 2H), 2.64 (dd, J=15.2, 10.3, 2H), 1.37 (p, J=10.3, 1H), −0.05 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, C6D6) δ=145.0 (2C), 126.4 (2C), 124.5 (2C), 34.9 (2C), 26.3, −3.0 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C12H18Si): m/z 190.1 [M]+, 175.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 190.11723, found 190.11719.
(4-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)trimethylsilane. Prepared according to GP2 from 7-bromo-1H-indene (39.0 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Conversion was complete after 17 h. Purified by Kugelrohr distillation (10 mbar, 150° C.). Colorless oil, 35 mg, 65% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=2952, 2894, 2837, 1567, 1447, 1319, 1248, 1162, 1137, 1117, 1057, 987, 914, 831, 763, 689. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ =7.25 (d, J=7.9, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=7.3, 1H), 6/4 (t, J=7.6, 1H), 3.03 (dd, J=16.3, 9.1, 1H), 2.73 (dt, J=16.1, 9.9, 2H), 2.59 (dd, J=15.9, 10.7, 1H), 1.26 (p, J=9.8, 1H), −0.11 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=147.1, 145.5, 129.6, 128.3, 123.2, 120.3, 36.6, 36.1, 25.2, −3.1 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C12H17BrSi): m/z 270.0 [M]+, 255.0 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]: calcd m/z 268.02774, found 268.02740.
Trimethyl(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)silarte. Prepared according to GP2 from 1,2-dihydronaphthalene (26.0 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethyl-silane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Reaction was stopped after 24 h. Purified by flash column chromatography using n-pentane as eluent. Colorless oil, 27 mg, 66% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3018, 2953, 2912, 2834, 1581, 1494, 1450, 1433, 1350, 1291, 1247, 1158, 1109, 1078, 1041, 945, 922, 889, 829, 740, 687. 1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.12-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.06-7.00 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.41 (m, 4H), 1.81-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.28 (tdd, J=12.9, 10.8, 6.3, 1H), 0.75 (tdd, J=12.5, 5.0, 2.6, 1H), −0.05 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, C6D6) δ=137.8, 137.3, 129.6, 129.2, 125.8, 125.8, 30.6 (2C), 24.4, 22.3, −3.6 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C13H20Si): m/z 204.1 [M]+, 189.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 204.13288, found 204.13337.
Cyclohexyltrirnethylsilane. Prepared according to GP2 from cyclohexene (16.4 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Reaction was stopped after 19 h. Crude material did not require purification. Colorless oil, 19 mg, 61% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=2954, 2919, 2846, 1446, 1293, 1247, 1100, 1039, 997, 889, 858, 826, 745, 687, 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=1.83-1.49 (m, 5H), 1.31-0.93 (m, 5H), 0.49 (tt, J=12.8, 3.1, 1H), −0.04 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=28.5 (2C), 27.7 (2C), 27.4, 26.4, −3.5 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C8H20Si): m/z 156.1 [M]+, 141.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 156.13288, found 156.13357.
Cycloheptyltrimethylsilane, Prepared according to GP2 from cycloheptene (48.1 mg, 0.50 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (99.0 mg, 0.65 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Reaction was stopped after 18 h. Purified by Kugeirohr distillation (1 atm N2, 125° C.). Colorless oil, 61 mg, 71% yield. IR (ATR): 2916, 2850, 1449, 1363, 1289, 1247, 1096, 1041, 1016, 897, 829, 741, 686. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D8) δ=1.80-1.67 (m, 4H), 1.65-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.36 (m, 4H), 1.26-1.13 (m, 2H), 0.56 (tt, J=11.0, 3.3, 1H), −0.01 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=30.4 (2C), 29.2 (2C), 28.8 (2C), 27.0, −3.2 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C10H22Si): m/z 1702 [M]+, 155.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 170.14853, found 170.14848.
exo-Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yitrimethylsilane. Prepared according to GP2 from norbornene (47,1 mg, 0.50 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane (1, 99.0 mg, 0.65 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Conversion was complete after 22 h. Purified by flash column chromatography using n-pentane as eluent. Exo configuration was assigned according to literature data. Colorless oil, 58 mg, 69% yield. IR (AIR): /cm−1=2949, 2867, 1453, 1402, 1292, 1246, 1112, 1028, 998, 970, 908, 826, 743, 686. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C8D6) δ=2.21 (br s, 1H), 2.13 (br s, 1H), 1.52 (dq, J=6.1, 1.8, 2H), 1.39-1.29 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.14 (m, 3H), 1.08 (dt, J=9.3, 1.8, 1H), 0.44 (ddd, J=9.4, 7.6, 1.6, 1H), −0.02 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=38.2, 38.2, 37.3, 34.6, 32.8, 29.6, 29.3, −2.5 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C10H20Si): m/z 168.1 [M]+, 153.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 168.13288, found 168.13246.
Trimethyl(2-methyl-2,3-thhydro-1H-iriden-2-yl)silane. Prepared according to GP2 from 2-methyl-1H-indene (26.0 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethyl-silane (39.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Conversion was complete after 22 h. Purified by flash column chromatography using n-pentane as eluent and obtained in mixture with minor amounts of the other regiosiomer trirriethyl(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)silane. Colorless oil, 32 mg, 73% yield, 5% yield of the regioisomer. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3021, 2953, 2896, 2838, 1586, 1482, 1456, 1402, 1371, 1318, 1248, 1081, 1024, 936, 873, 830, 790, 739, 686. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.15-7.10 (m, 4H), 2.90 (d, J=15.5, 2H), 2.40 (d, J=15.4, 2H), 0.96 (s, 3H), −0.07 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=143.5 (2C), 126.6 (2C), 125.1 (2C), 43.0 (2C), 28.1, 23.5, −3.9 (3c). GLC-MS (EI) for (C13H20Si): m/z 204.1 [M]+, 189.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 204 13288, found 204.13320.
Trimethyl(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)silane. Obtained as the minor component of a mixture, only partial data could have been collected. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=2.75 (dd, J=14.4, 7.4, 1H), 2.68 (dq, J=9.2, 7.2, 1H), 2.48 (ddd, J=14.6, 9.2, 1.3, 1H), 2.32 (d, J=7.7, 1H), 1.08 (d, J=6.9, 3H), 0.04 (s, 9H), aromatic signals under those of the major isomer.
(2,2-Diphenylethyl)triethylsilane. Prepared according to GP2 from 1,1-diphenylethylene (36.1 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltriethylsilaine (50.5 mg, 0.26 mol, 1.3 equiv). After 42 h, GC monitoring showed no further conversion of the starting material and after work-up the desired product was obtained in mixture with 1,1-diphenylethylene. It could be removed by Kugelrohr distillation (25 mbar, 175° C.). Colorless oil, 38 mg, 64% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3026, 2951, 2908, 2874, 1598, 1492, 1451, 1415, 1377, 1341, 1237, 1172, 1132, 1072, 1007, 964, 912, 854, 827, 776, 737, 695. 1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.28-7.20 (m, 4H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 4H), 7.07-6.98 (m, 2H), 4.07 (t, J=1H), 1.38 (d, J=7.9, 2H), 0.87 (t, J=7.9, 8H), 0.37 (q, J=3.0, 6H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, C6D8) δ=147.7 (2C), 128.7 (4C), 127.9 (4C), 126.3 (2C), 47.6, 19.4, 7.7 (3C), 3.9 (3C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C20H28Si): m/z 267.1 [M-C2H5]+.
(2,2-Diphenylethyl)dimethyl(phenyl)silane. Prepared according to GP2 from 1,1-diphenylethylene (36.1 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yldimethyl-(phenyl)silane (55.7 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1,3 equiv), complete conversion after 24 h. Purified by flash column chromatography using n-pentaneitert-butyl methyl ether 99:1 as eluent. Colorless oil, 59 mg, 94% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3064, 3025, 2954, 2900, 1598, 1492, 1450, 1427, 1248, 1172, 1111, 1071, 1030, 913, 863, 834, 809, 781, 728, 694. 1H NMR (400 MHz, C5D6) δ=7.42-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.14-7.05 (m, 8H), 7.03-6.97 (m, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=8.0, 1H), 1.55 (d, J=8.0, 2H), 0.01 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, C6D6) δ=147.3 (2C), 139.4, 134.0 (2C), 129.2, 128.6 (4C), 128.2 (2C), 128.0 (4C), 126.3 (2C), 47.6, 23.7, −2.5 (2C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C22H24Si): m/z 301.1 [M-CH3]+.
3.3 Procedure for the Two-Fold Silylation of Styrene with Cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yldimethyisilane
Dimethyldiphenethylsilane. In glove box, a 1.3-mL GLC vial was charged with B(C6F5)3 (5.1 mg, 5.0 μmol, 5.0 mol %) and a magnetic stir bar. Into a separate vial were weighed styrene (20.6 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yldimethylsilane (13.8 mg, 0.10 mmol, 0.50 equiv). Both reagents were dissolved in CH2Cl2 (0.2 mL), and the resulting solution was added to the catalyst. The vial was then capped and the solution stirred in the glove box. After 15 h, two drops of Et3N were added to the reaction mixture, and the vial was stirred for 5 min. The mixture was finally diluted with n-pentane (0.3 mL), filtered over a small Celite®/SiO2 column (1 cm Celite® covered with 0.5 cm SiO2, eluting with n-pentane), and after removal of all volatiles the crude title compound was purified by flash column chromatography using n-pen-taneitart-butyl methyl ether 98:2 as eluent. Colorless oil, 21 mg, 78% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=3063, 3026, 2952, 2919, 1603, 1495, 1453, 1412, 1312, 1249, 1173, 1124, 1066, 1030, 997, 898, 831, 796, 768, 747, 722, 695. 1H NMR (400 MHz, C8D6) δ=7.24-7.18 (m, 4H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 6H), 2.58-2.48 (m, 4H), 0.85-0.70 (m, 4H), −0.06 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CD8) δ=145.3 (2C), 128.7 (4C), 128.2 (4C), 126.0 (2C), 30.4 (2C), 17.4 (2C), −3.4 (2C). GLC-MS (EI) for (C18H24Si): m/z 253.2 [MCH3]+, 163.1 [M-C8H9]+.
3.4 Procedure for the Transfer Hydrosilylation of 1-Methylcyclohexene with Cyclohexa-2,5-idien-1-yldimethylsilane
cis-Dimethyl(2-methyloyclohexyl)silane. In glove box, a 1.3-mL GLC vial was charged with B(C8F5)3 (12.8 mg, 25.0 μmol, 5.0 mol %) and a magnetic stir bar. Into a separate vial were weighed 1-methylcyclohexene (48.1 mg, 0.50 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yldimethylsilane (72.6 mg, 0.525 mmol, 1.05 equiv). Both reagents were dissolved in CH2Cl2 (0.2 mL), and the resulting solution was added to the catalyst. The vial was then capped, and the solution stirred in the glove box. After 15 h, four drops of Et3N were added to the reaction mixture, and the vial was stirred for 5 min. The mixture was finally diluted with n-pentane (0.3 mL), filtered over a small Celite®/SiO2 column (1 cm Celite covered with 0.5 cm SiO2, eluting with n-pentane), and after removal of all volatiles the crude title compound was purified by Kugelrohr distillation under a N2 atmosphere (120° C.), cis configuration was assigned by analogy with the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrosilylation of 1-methylcyclohexene with diphenylsilane and consistent NMR data. Colorless oil, 38 mg, 49% yield. IR (ATR): /cm−1=2958, 2921, 2851, 2108, 1444, 1390, 1249, 1166, 1103, 1080, 955, 877, 833, 784, 759, 699. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=4.07 (h, J=3.7, 1H), 1.94-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.34 (m, 7H), 1.29-1.21 (m, 1H), 0.98 (d, J=7.3, 3H), 0.85 (dq, J=10.2, 3.9, 1H), 0.05 (t, J=3.8, 6H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=34.6, 31.2, 29.6, 27,7, 24,3, 22.7, 17.3, −4.4, −4.9. GLC-MS (EI) for (C3H20Si): m/z 156.1 [M]+, 141.1 [M-CH3]+. HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 156.13288, found 156.13363.
3.5 General Procedure for the Catalytic Transfer Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane
Hydrosilylation of Ketones
In glove box, a 1-mL Ace© pressure tube is loaded with the ketone (0.30 mmol) and cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yltrirnethylsilane (54.80 mg, 0.36 mmol, 1.20 equiv). In a separate 1.3-mL GC vial is weighed tris(peritafluorophenyl)borane (7.70 mg, 15.00 μmol, 5.00 mol %), and the latter is dissolved in 0.45 mL of C6H6. The resulting solution is then transferred to the pressure tube via syringe, the tube is sealed and heaten to 110° C. out of the glove box. The reaction is monitored by GC, and when full conversion is noticed, the sealed tube is cooled down to room temperature and carefully opened. The reaction mixture is filtered over a short column of neutral alumina (MP Ecochrorn, activity grade I, MP Biornedicals Germany GmbH) and the volatiles are removed under reduced pressure, to yield the trimethylsilyiether in an analytically pure form.
3.6 Characterization Data of Compounds
(Cyclododecyloxy)trirnethylsilane. Prepared from cyclododecanone (54.70 mg, 0.30 mmol) and obtained as a colorless oil (73 mg, 95% yield) after 15 h at 110° C. in C6H6. IR (ATR). {tilde over (v)}/cm−1=2929, 2860, 1468, 1375, 1248, 1057, 834, 746. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=3.75-3.67 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.02 (m, 20K), 0.00 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=69.7, 33.3 (2C), 24.7 (2C), 24.2 (2C), 23.8 (2C), 23.7 (2C), 21.5 (2C), 0.6 (3C). HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 256.2217, found 256. 2221.
Trimethyl(1-phenylethoxy)silane. Prepared from acetophenone (36.10 mg, 0.30 mmol) and obtained as a colorless oil (59 mg, 99% yield) after 21 h at 110° C. in C6H6. IR (ATR): {tilde over (v)}/cm−1=2957, 1449, 1368, 1249, 1206, 1093, 1031, 956, 834, 748, 696. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.33 (d, J=8.0, 2H), 7.19 (t, J=8.0, 2H), 7.08 (t, J=8.0, 1H), 4.75 (q, J=6.3, 1H), 1.40 (d, J=6.3, 3H), 0.07 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=147.1, 128.5 (2C), 127.2, 125.7 (2C), 71.1, 27.4, 0.2 (3C). HRMS (EI) exact mass for [Mr: calcd m/z 194.1043, found 193.1034.
(1-(2-Bromophenyl)ethoxy)trimethylsilane. Prepared from Z-bromoacetophenone (59.70 mg, 0.30 mmol) and obtained as a colorless oil (75 mg, 92% yield) after 15 h at 110° C. in C6H6. IR (ATR): {tilde over (v)}/cm−1=2957, 1369, 1249, 1200, 1093, 1021, 953, 835, 748. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.68 (dd, J=7.8, 1.5, 1 H), 7.30 (d, J=7.8, 1 H), 7.00 (t, J=7.8, 1 H), 6.67 (td, J=7.8, 1.5, 1H), 5.35 (q, J=6.2, 1H), 1.43 (d, J=6.2, 3H), 0.06 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, C6D6) δ=146.2, 132.6, 128.7, 128.4, 127.9, 121.3, 70.0, 25.8, 0.0 (30). HRMS (EI) exact mass for [M]+: calcd m/z 272.0227, found 272.0227.
(Benzhydryloxy)trimethylsilane. Prepared from benzophenone (54.70 mg, 0.30 mmol) and obtained as a colorless oil (75 mg, 92% yield) in mixture with trace amounts (<8%) of diphenylmethane after 15 h at 80 ° C. in toluene. IR (ATR): {tilde over (v)}/cm−1=3027, 2955, 1598, 1491, 1451, 1249, 1187, 1060, 880, 833, 735. 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6) δ=7.38 (d, J=7.5, 4H), 7.13 (t, J=7.5, 4H), 7.03 (t, J =7.5, 2H), 5.73 (s, 1H), 0.06 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (128 MHz, C6D6) δ=145.5 (2C), 128.5 (4C), 127.3 (2C), 127.0 (40), 77.1, 0.2 (3C). No molecular ion could be detected by high resolution MS.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13183727.0 | Sep 2013 | EP | regional |
| 14168521.4 | May 2014 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/068798 | 9/4/2014 | WO | 00 |
