Patent Application
20220265693
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation represents a curative modality for the treatment of patients with hematological malignant and non-malignant diseases, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorders, and other genetic disorders. Considerable work continues to strive toward the identification of critical factors involved in the successful engraftment and reconstitution of HSC recipients. The identification of these critical components and the understanding of how they may be therapeutically targeted would result in improved patient survival.
Selectins are a group of structurally similar cell surface receptors important for mediating leukocyte binding to endothelial cells. These proteins are type I membrane proteins and are composed of an amino terminal lectin domain, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, a variable number of complement receptor related repeats, a hydrophobic domain spanning region and a cytoplasmic domain. The binding interactions appear to be mediated by contact of the lectin domain of the selectins and various carbohydrate ligands.
There are three known selectins: E-selectin, P-selectin, and L-selectin. E-selectin is found on the surface of activated endothelial cells and binds to the carbohydrate sialyl-Lewisx (SLex) which is presented as a glycoprotein or glycolipid on the surface of certain leukocytes (monocytes and neutrophils) and helps these cells adhere to capillary walls in areas where surrounding tissue is infected or damaged. E-selectin also binds to sialyl-Lewisa (SLea) which is expressed on many tumor cells. P-selectin is expressed on inflamed endothelium and platelets and also recognizes SLex and SLea but also contains a second site that interacts with sulfated tyrosine. The expression of E-selectin and P-selectin is generally increased when the tissue adjacent to a capillary is infected or damaged. L-selectin is expressed on leukocytes.
Previous studies have investigated the involvement of E-selectin and its interaction with E-selectin ligands in transplantation of HSC (Winkler et al. 2012; Winkler et al. 2014). These studies first demonstrated a novel function for E-selectin that involved the activation of otherwise dormant HSC with the induction of lineage commitment.
However, previous work has also suggested that an E-selectin antagonist could have either a negative or a positive effect on early and/or late complications in patients with transplantation of HSC. For example, antagonism of E-selectin in an HSC recipient could lead to an inhibition of homing and subsequent lack of engraftment and reconstitution with donor cells. Lethally irradiated recipient mice deficient in both P- and E-selectins (P/E−/−), reconstituted with minimal numbers of wild-type bone marrow cells, poorly survived the procedure compared with wild-type recipients (P. S. Frenette et al., 1998). Excess mortality in P/E−/− mice, after a lethal dose of irradiation, was likely caused by a defect of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) homing, since it was observed that the recruitment of HPC to the BM was reduced in P/E−/− animals. Moreover, homing into the bone marrow (BM) of P/E−/− recipient mice was further compromised when a function-blocking VCAM-1 antibody was administered. However, since these studies used mice deficient in both P- and E-selectin, it is not possible to ascertain the direct impact of E-selectin deficiency on HSC recruitment.
Therefore, a need exists in the field to resolve and clarify the role of selectin inhibition, particularly that of E-selectin, as a beneficial factor in increased overall survival of HSC-reconstituted subjects.
In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the disclosed embodiments may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments. These and other embodiments will become apparent upon reference to the following detailed description and attached drawings.
In order to better understand the disclosure, certain exemplary embodiments are discussed herein. In addition, certain terms are discussed to aid in the understanding.
Disclosed herein are methods of increasing survival of subjects that receive HSC transplantation by treating them with an effective amount of at least one E-selectin inhibitor. Also disclosed herein are methods of increasing engraftment and reconstitution in subjects receiving HSC transplantation with the use of at least one E-selectin inhibitor.
In these embodiments, when subjects suffering from a condition resulting in depletion or compromise of bone marrow receive a transplantation of HSCs to reconstitute the absent marrow, inhibition and/or antagonism of selectins may result in increased survival of the subjects.
According to one embodiment, the HSC quiescence and/or HSC mobilization in the subject may be increased. In some embodiments, the subject is a transplant donor. In some embodiments, the subject is a transplant recipient.
In these embodiments, the subject may be suffering from a hematological disease, which may be malignant or non-malignant. Examples of diseases include, but are not limited to, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis, essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, and solid tumors, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorders, and genetic disorders, aplastic anemia, severe combined immune deficiency syndrome (SCID), thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, chronic granulomatous disease, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Kostman syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Blackfan-Diamond anemia, enzymatic disorders, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mucopolysaccharidosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, and multiple sclerosis.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. All references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties. To the extent terms or discussion in references conflict with this disclosure, the latter shall control.
As used herein, the singular forms of a word also include the plural form of the word, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise; as examples, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are understood to be singular or plural. By way of example, “an element” means one or more element. The term “or” shall mean “and/or” unless the specific context indicates otherwise.
The term “E-selectin ligand” as used herein, refers to a carbohydrate structure that contains the epitope shared by sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex. Carbohydrates are secondary gene products synthesized by enzymes known as glycosyltransferases which are the primary gene products coded for by DNA. Each glycosyltransferase adds a specific monosaccharide in a specific stereochemical linkage to a specific donor carbohydrate chain.
The terms “E-selectin antagonist” and “E-selectin inhibitor” are used interchangeably herein. E-selectin inhibitors are known in the art. Some E-selectin inhibitors are specific for E-selectin only. Other E-selectin inhibitors have the ability to inhibit not only E-selectin but additionally P-selectin or L-selectin or both P-selectin and L-selectin. In some embodiments, an E-selectin inhibitor inhibits E-selectin, P-selectin, and L-selectin.
In some embodiments, an E-selectin inhibitor is a specific glycomimetic antagonist of E-selectin. Examples of E-selectin inhibitors (specific for E-selectin or otherwise) are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,109,002, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonists suitable for the disclosed compounds and methods include pan-selectin antagonists.
Non-limiting examples of suitable E-selectin antagonists include small molecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, polypeptides, peptidomimetics, carbohydrates, glycomimetics, lipids and other organic (carbon containing) or inorganic molecules. Suitably, the selectin antagonist is selected from antigen-binding molecules that are immuno-interactive with a selectin, peptides that bind to the selectin and that block cell-cell adhesion, and carbohydrate or peptide mimetics of selectin ligands. In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist reduces the expression of a selectin gene or the level or functional activity of an expression product of that gene. For example, the E-selectin antagonist may antagonize the function of the selectin, including reducing or abrogating the activity of at least one of its ligand-binding sites.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist inhibits an activity of E-selectin or inhibits the binding of E-selectin to one or more E-selectin ligands (which in turn may inhibit a biological activity of E-selectin).
E-selectin antagonists include the glycomimetic compounds described herein. E-selectin antagonists also include antibodies, polypeptides, peptides, peptidomimetics, and aptamers which bind at or near the binding site on E-selectin to inhibit E-selectin interaction with sialyl Lea (sLea) or sialyl Lex (sLex).
Further disclosure regarding E-selectin antagonists suitable for the disclosed methods and compounds may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 9,254,322, issued Feb. 9, 2016, and U.S. Pat. No. 9,486,497, issued Nov. 8, 2016, which are both hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. In some embodiments, the selectin antagonist is chosen from E-selectin antagonists disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,109,002, issued Aug. 18, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from heterobifunctional antagonists disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,410,066, issued Apr. 2, 2013, and US Publication No. US2017/0305951, published Oct. 26, 2017, which are both hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. Further disclosure regarding E-selectin antagonists suitable for the disclosed methods and compounds may be found in PCT Publication Nos. WO2018/068010, published Apr. 12, 2018, WO2019/133878, published Jul. 4, 2019, and WO2020/139962, published Jul. 2, 2020, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
The term “at least one” refers to one or more, such as one, two, etc. For example, the term “at least one C1-4 alkyl group” refers to one or more C1-4 alkyl groups, such as one C1-4 alkyl group, two C1-4 alkyl groups, etc.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” includes both acid and base addition salts. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include chlorides, bromides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, sulfonates, methane sulfonates, formates, tartrates, maleates, citrates, benzoates, salicylates, and ascorbates. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium (substituted and unsubstituted), calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and aluminum salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may, for example, be obtained using standard procedures well known in the field of pharmaceuticals.
The term “prodrug” includes compounds that may be converted, for example, under physiological conditions or by solvolysis, to a biologically active compound described herein. Thus, the term “prodrug” includes metabolic precursors of compounds described herein that are pharmaceutically acceptable. A discussion of prodrugs can be found, for example, in Higuchi, T., et al., “Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,” A.C.S. Symposium Series, Vol. 14, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987. The term “prodrug” also includes covalently bonded carriers that release the active compound(s) as described herein in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a subject. Non-limiting examples of prodrugs include ester and amide derivatives of hydroxy, carboxy, mercapto and amino functional groups in the compounds described herein.
This application contemplates all the isomers of the compounds disclosed herein. “Isomer” as used herein includes optical isomers (such as stereoisomers, e.g., enantiomers and diastereoisomers), geometric isomers (such as Z (zusammen) or E (entgegen) isomers), and tautomers. The present disclosure includes within its scope all the possible geometric isomers, e.g., Z and E isomers (cis and trans isomers), of the compounds as well as all the possible optical isomers, e.g. diastereomers and enantiomers, of the compounds. Furthermore, the present disclosure includes in its scope both the individual isomers and any mixtures thereof, e.g. racemic mixtures. The individual isomers may be obtained using the corresponding isomeric forms of the starting material or they may be separated after the preparation of the end compound according to conventional separation methods. For the separation of optical isomers, e.g., enantiomers, from the mixture thereof conventional resolution methods, e.g. fractional crystallization, may be used.
The present disclosure includes within its scope all possible tautomers. Furthermore, the present disclosure includes in its scope both the individual tautomers and any mixtures thereof. Each compound disclosed herein includes within its scope all possible tautomeric forms. Furthermore, each compound disclosed herein includes within its scope both the individual tautomeric forms and any mixtures thereof. With respect to the methods, uses and compositions of the present application, reference to a compound or compounds is intended to encompass that compound in each of its possible isomeric forms and mixtures thereof. Where a compound of the present application is depicted in one tautomeric form, that depicted structure is intended to encompass all other tautomeric forms.
E-selectin inhibitors, such as compound A, can be useful for increasing survival of individuals that receive HSC transplantation for reconstitution of depleted and compromised bone marrow.
A method of increasing engraftment and reconstitution in a subject receiving HSC transplantation is also comtemplated, wherein the subject in need thereof is administered an effective amount of at least one E-selectin inhibitor, such as compound A.
In some embodiments, the HSC quiescence in the subject is increased. In some embodiments, the HSC mobilization in the subject is increased. In some embodiments, the HSC quiescence and the HSC mobilization in the subject is increased.
In some embodiments, the method further includes inhibiting sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) in the subject. In some embodiments, the SOS is a hepatic veno-occlusive disease.
In some embodiments, the subject has depleted and/or compromised bone marrow.
In some embodiments, the HSC transplantation is from the subject's peripheral blood. In some embodiments, the HSC transplantation is from the subject's bone marrow.
In some embodiments, the subject is a transplant donor. In some embodiments, the subject is a transplant recipient.
In some embodiments, the subject has received an effective amount of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF).
In some embodiments, the subject has a hematological disease.
In some embodiments the hematological disease is a malignant disease. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is multiple myeloma. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is Hodgkin lymphoma. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In some embodiments, the malignant disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In some embodiments, the malignant disease is myelodysplastic syndrome. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In some embodiments, the malignant disease is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is myelofibrosis. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is essential thrombocytosis. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is polycythemia vera. In some embodiments, the malignant disease is a solid tumor.
In some embodiments, the hematological disease is a non-malignant disease. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is immunodeficiency. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is an autoimmune disorder. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is a genetic disorder. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is aplastic anemia. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is severe combined immune deficiency syndrome (SCID). In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is thalassemia. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is sickle cell anemia. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is chronic granulomatous disease. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is leukocyte adhesion deficiency. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is Chediak-Higashi syndrome. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is Kostman syndrome. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is Fanconi anemia. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is Blackfan-Diamond anemia. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is an enzymatic disorder. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is systemic sclerosis. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is systemic lupus erythematosus. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is mucopolysaccharidosis. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is pyruvate kinase deficiency. In some embodiments, the non-malignant disease is multiple sclerosis.
In some embodiments, the at least one E-selectin inhibitor is chosen from Compound A:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In some embodiments, the one or more E-selectin inhibitor is administered as a pharmaceutical composition comprising the one or more E-selectin inhibitor, e.g., compound A, in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered by subcutaneous delivery. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered by subcutaneous delivery to the upper arm. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered by subcutaneous delivery to the abdomen. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered by subcutaneous delivery to the thigh. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered by subcutaneous delivery to the upper back. In some pharmaceutical embodiments the composition is delivered by subcutaneous delivery to the buttock. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered by intravenous infusion.
In various embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered over one or more doses, with one or more intervals between doses. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered over 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 doses. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered at 6-hour, 12-hour, 18-hour, 24-hour, 48-hour, 72-hour, or 96-hour intervals. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered at one interval, and then administered at a different interval, e.g., 1 dose 24 hours before transplantation, then twice-daily doses throughout transplantation. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered at 1 dose 24 hours before transplantation, then twice-daily doses throughout transplantation up till 48 hours post-transplantation.
The selectin antagonists suitable for the disclosed methods include pan selectin antagonists.
As disclosed herein, any method of inhibiting E-selectin may be used to enhance the survival of reconstituted, bone marrow depleted hosts. Inhibition can be by any means, for example, antibody, small molecule, biologic, inhibitors of gene expression, etc.
Non-limiting examples of suitable selectin antagonists include small molecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, polypeptides, peptidomimetics, carbohydrates, lipids and other organic (carbon containing) or inorganic molecules. Suitably, the selectin antagonist is selected from antigen-binding molecules that are immuno-interactive with a selectin, peptides that bind to the selectin and that block cell-cell adhesion, and carbohydrate or peptide mimetics of selectin ligands. In some embodiments, the selectin antagonist reduces the expression of a selectin gene or the level or functional activity of an expression product of that gene. For example, the selectin antagonist may antagonize the function of the selectin, including reducing or abrogating the activity of at least one of its ligand-binding sites.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds of Formula Ix:
prodrugs of Formula Ix, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, wherein:
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds of Formula Ix, wherein the non-glycomimetic moiety comprises polyethylene glycol.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds of Formula Ix, wherein the linker is —C(═O)NH(CH2)1-4NHC(═O)— and the non-glycomimetic moiety comprises polyethylene glycol.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin inhibitor is chosen from the compound of Formula Ix, prodrugs of compounds of Formula Ix and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing. In some embodiments, the E-selectin inhibitor is the compound of Formula Ix. In some embodiments, the E-selectin inhibitor is chosen from pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound of Formula Ix.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds of Formula Ia:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein n is chosen from integers ranging from 1 to 100. In some embodiments, n is chosen from 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28. In some embodiments n is 12.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is a heterobifunctional antagonist chosen from compounds of Formula II:
prodrugs of compounds of Formula II, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, wherein:
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is a heterobifunctional antagonist chosen from compounds of Formula IIa:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In some embodiments, the linker groups of Formula Ix and/or Formula II are independently chosen from groups comprising spacer groups, such spacer groups as, for example, —(CH2)p— and —O(CH2)p—, wherein p is chosen from integers ranging from 1 to 30. In some embodiments, p is chosen from integers ranging from 1 to 20.
Other non-limiting examples of spacer groups include carbonyl groups and carbonyl-containing groups such as, for example, amide groups. A non-limiting example of a spacer group is
In some embodiments, the linker groups of Formula Ix and/or Formula II are independently chosen from
Other linker groups, such as, for example, polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and —C(═O)—NH—(CH2)p—C(═O)—NH—, wherein p is chosen from integers ranging from 1 to 30, or wherein p is chosen from integers ranging from 1 to 20, will be familiar to those of ordinary skill in the art and/or those in possession of the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, at least one linker group of Formula Ix and/or Formula II is
In some embodiments, at least one linker group of Formula Ix and/or Formula II is
In some embodiments, at least one linker group of Formula Ix and/or Formula II is chosen from —C(═O)NH(CH2)2NH—, —CH2NHCH2—, and —C(═O)NHCH2—. In some embodiments, at least one linker group is —C(═O)NH(CH2)2NH—.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from Compound B:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds of Formula III:
prodrugs of compounds of Formula III, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, wherein:
wherein each R6, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from H, C1-12 alkyl and C1-12 haloalkyl groups, and wherein each R7, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, —OY3, —NHOH, —NHOCH3, —NHCN, and —NY3Y4 groups, wherein each Y3 and each Y4, which may be identical or different, are independently chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C2-8 haloalkenyl, and C2-8 haloalkynyl groups, wherein Y3 and Y4 may join together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring;
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds of Formula IV:
prodrugs of compounds of Formula IV, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, wherein:
wherein each R6, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from H, C1-12 alkyl and C1-12 haloalkyl groups, and wherein each R7, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, —OY3, —NHOH, —NHOCH3, —NHCN, and —NY3Y4 groups, wherein each Y3 and each Y4, which may be identical or different, are independently chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C2-8 haloalkenyl, and C2-8 haloalkynyl groups, wherein Y3 and Y4 may join together along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring;
wherein Q is a chosen from
wherein R8 is chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C6-18 aryl, C7-19 arylalkyl, and C1-13 heteroaryl groups and each p, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250.
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist of Formula III or Formula IV is chosen from compounds of the following Formula IIIa/IVa (see definitions of L and m for Formula III or IV above):
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist of Formula III or Formula IV is chosen from compounds of the following Formula IIIb/IVb (see definitions of L and m for Formula III or IV above):
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is Compound C:
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is a heterobifunctional inhibitor of E-selectin and Galectin-3, chosen from compounds of Formula V:
prodrugs of compounds of Formula V, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, wherein:
groups, wherein n is chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 2, R6 is chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, and —C(═O)R7 groups, and each R7 is independently chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, C6-18 aryl, and C1-13 heteroaryl groups;
groups, wherein X is chosen from 0 and S, and R8 and R9, which may be identical or different, are independently chosen from C6-18 aryl, C1-13 heteroaryl, C7-19 arylalkyl, C7-19 arylalkoxy, C2-14 heteroarylalkyl, C2-14 heteroarylalkoxy, and —NHC(═O)Y4 groups, wherein Y4 is chosen from C1-8 alkyl, C2-12 heterocyclyl, C6-18 aryl, and C1-13 heteroaryl groups; and
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds having the following Formulae:
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds having the following Formulae:
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is Compound D:
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is chosen from compounds of Formula VI:
prodrugs of compounds of Formula VI, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, wherein:
groups, wherein n is chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 2, R6 is chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, and —C(═O)R groups, and each R is independently chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, C6-18 aryl, and C1-13 heteroaryl groups;
groups,
In some embodiments of Formula VI, M is chosen from
groups.
In some embodiments of Formula VI, M is chosen from
groups.
In some embodiments of Formula VI, linker groups may be chosen from groups comprising spacer groups, such spacer groups as, for example, —(CH2)t— and —O(CH2)t—, wherein t is chosen from integers ranging from 1 to 20. Other non-limiting examples of spacer groups include carbonyl groups and carbonyl-containing groups such as, for example, amide groups. A non-limiting example of a spacer group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is chosen from
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is chosen from polyethylene glycols (PEGs), —C(═O)NH(CH2)O—, —C(═O)NH(CH2) NHC(═O)—, —C(═O)NHC(═O)(CH2)NH—, and —C(═O)NH(CH2)vC(═O)NH— groups, wherein v is chosen from integers ranging from 2 to 20. In some embodiments, v is chosen from integers ranging from 2 to 4. In some embodiments, v is 2. In some embodiments, v is 3. In some embodiments, v is 4.
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VI, the linker group is
In some embodiments, the E-selectin antagonist is a multimeric inhibitor of E-selectin, Galectin-3, and/or CXCR4, chosen from compounds of Formula VII:
prodrugs of compounds of Formula VII, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, wherein:
groups, wherein each n, which may be identical or different, is chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 2, each R6, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, and —C(═O)R7 groups, and each R7, which may identical or different, is independently chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, C6-18 aryl, and C1-13 heteroaryl groups;
groups,
wherein each Y1, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, and C2-4 alkynyl groups and wherein each R8, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from C1-12 alkyl groups substituted with at least one substituent chosen from —OH, —OSO3Q, —OPO3Q2, —CO2Q, and —SO3Q groups and C2-12 alkenyl groups substituted with at least one substituent chosen from —OH, —OSO3Q, —OPO3Q2, —CO2Q, and —SO3Q groups, wherein each Q, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from H and pharmaceutically acceptable cations;
In some embodiments of Formula VII, at least one linker group is chosen from groups comprising spacer groups, such spacer groups as, for example, —(CH2)z— and —O(CH2)z—, wherein z is chosen from integers ranging from 1 to 250. Other non-limiting examples of spacer groups include carbonyl groups and carbonyl-containing groups such as, for example, amide groups. A non-limiting example of a spacer group is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, at least one linker group is chosen from
groups.
Other linker groups for certain embodiments of Formula VII, such as, for example, polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and —C(═O)—NH—(CH2)z—C(═O)—NH—, wherein z is chosen from integers ranging from 1 to 250, will be familiar to those of ordinary skill in the art and/or those in possession of the present disclosure.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, at least one linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, at least one linker group is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, at least one linker group is chosen from —C(═O)NH(CH2)2NH—, —CH2NHCH2—, and —C(═O)NHCH2—. In some embodiments of Formula VII, at least one linker group is —C(═O)NH(CH2)2NH—.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from dendrimers. In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from polyamidoamine (“PAMAM”) dendrimers. In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from PAMAM dendrimers comprising succinamic. In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is PAMAM GO generating a tetramer. In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is PAMAM G1 generating an octamer. In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is PAMAM G2 generating a 16-mer. In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is PAMAM G3 generating a 32-mer. In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is PAMAM G4 generating a 64-mer. In some embodiments, L is PAMAM G5 generating a 128-mer.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, m is 2 and L is chosen from
groups,
wherein U is chosen from
groups,
wherein R14 is chosen from H, C1-8 alkyl, C6-18 aryl, C7-19 arylalkyl, and C1-13 heteroaryl groups and each y, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250. In some embodiments of Formula VII, R14 is chosen from C1-8 alkyl. In some embodiments of Formula VII, R14 is chosen from C7-19 arylalkyl. In some embodiments of Formula VII, R14 is H. In some embodiments of Formula VII, R14 is benzyl.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
wherein y is chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
wherein y is chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
groups,
wherein y is chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
groups,
wherein y is chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
groups,
wherein y is chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
groups,
wherein each y, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250.
In some embodiments Formula VII, L is chosen from
wherein each y, which may be identical or different, is independently chosen from integers ranging from 0 to 250.
In some embodiments of Formula VII, L is chosen from
In some embodiments, at least one compound is chosen from compounds of Formula VII, wherein each R1 is identical, each R2 is identical, each R3 is identical, each R4 is identical, each R5 is identical, and each X is identical. In some embodiments, at least one compound is chosen from compounds of Formula VII, wherein said compound is symmetrical.
Provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound chosen from compounds of Formula Ix, Ia, II, IIa, III, IV, IIIa/IVa, IIIb/IVb, V, VI, and VII, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound chosen from compound A, compound B, compound C, and compound D, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts is a sodium salt. These compounds and compositions may be used in the methods described herein.
Compound 3: A mixture of compound 1 (preparation described in WO 2007/028050) and compound 2 (preparation described in WO 2013/096926) (1.7 eq) is azeotroped 3 times from toluene. The mixture is dissolved in DCM under argon and cooled on an ice bath. To this solution is added boron trifluoride etherate (1.5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 12 hours at room temperature. The reaction is quenched by the addition of triethylamine (2 eq). The reaction mixture is transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 1 time with half saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 1 time with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 3.
Compound 4: Compound 3 is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (0.1 eq) is added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 2 times with water. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 4.
Compound 5: To a solution of compound 4 in dichloromethane cooled on an ice bath is added DABCO (1.5 eq) followed by monomethyoxytrityl chloride (1.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred overnight allowing to warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture is transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 2 times with water. The organic phase is concentrated and the residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 5.
Compound 7: To a solution of compound 5 in methanol is added dibutyltin oxide (1.1 eq). The reaction mixture is refluxed for 3 hours then concentrated. The residue is suspended in DME. To this suspension is added compound 6 (preparation described in Thoma et. al. J. Med. Chem., 1999, 42, 4909) (1.5 eq) followed by cesium fluoride (1.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 7.
Compound 8: To a degassed solution of compound 7 in anhydrous DCM at 0° C. is added Pd(PPh3)4 (0.1 eq), Bu3SnH (1.1 eq) and N-trifluoroacetyl glycine anhydride (2.0 eq) (preparation described in Chemische Berichte (1955), 88(1), 26). The resulting solution is stirred for 12 hrs allowing the temperature to increase to room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with water. The organic phase is dried over Na2SO4, then filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 8.
Compound 9: To a stirred solution of compound 8 in DCM/MeOH (25/1) at room temperature is added orotic acid chloride (5 eq) and triphenylphosphine (5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 24 hours. The solvent is removed and the residue is separated by column chromatography to afford compound 9.
Compound 10: Compound 9 is dissolved in methanol and degassed. To this solution is added Pd(OH)2/C. The reaction mixture is vigorously stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 12 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 10.
Compound 11: Compound 10 is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (1.1 eq) is added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is concentrated. The residue is separated by C-18 reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 11.
Compound 12: Compound 12 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 13: Compound 10 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (1.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (1.1 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (2 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 13.
Compound 14: Compound 13 is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (0.3 eq) is added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is concentrated. The residue is separated by C-18 reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 14.
Compound 15: Compound 15 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 16: Compound 16 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 17: Compound 17 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 18: Compound 18 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 19: Compound 19 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 21: A solution of compound 20 (0.4 eq) in DMSO is added to a solution of compound 11 (1 eq) and DIPEA (10 eq) in anhydrous DMSO at room temperature. The resulting solution is stirred overnight. The solution is dialyzed against distilled water for 3 days with dialysis tube MWCO 1000 while distilled water is changed every 12 hours. The solution in the tube is lyophilized to give compound 21.
Compound 22: A solution of compound 21 in ethylenediamine is stirred overnight at 70° C. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue is purified by reverse phase chromatography to give compound 22.
Compound 23: Compound 23 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 24: Compound 24 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 25: Compound 25 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 26: Compound 26 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 27: Compound 27 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 28: Compound 28 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 29: Compound 29 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 30: Compound 30 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 31: Compound 31 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 32: Compound 32 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 33: Compound 33 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 34: Compound 34 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 36: To a solution of compound 12 in MeOH at room temperature is added compound 35 followed by cesium acetate (2.5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature until completion. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The product is purified by reverse phase chromatography to give compound 36.
Compound 37: Compound 36 is dissolved in ethylenediamine and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at 70° C. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue is purified by reverse phase chromatography to give compound 37.
Compound 38: Compound 38 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 39: Compound 39 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 40: Compound 40 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 41: To a stirred solution of compound 7 in DCM/MeOH (25/1) at room temperature is added orotic acid chloride (5 eq) and triphenylphosphine (5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 24 hours. The solvent is removed and the residue is separated by column chromatography to afford compound 41.
Compound 42: To a degassed solution of compound 41 in anhydrous DCM at 0° C. is added Pd(PPh3)4 (0.1 eq), Bu3SnH (1.1 eq) and azidoacetic anhydride (2.0 eq). The ice bath is removed and the solution is stirred for 12 hrs under a N2 atmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, then concentrated. The crude product is purified by column chromatography to give compound 42.
Compound 44: A solution of bispropagyl PEG-5 (compound 43) and compound 42 (2.4 eq) in MeOH is degassed at room temperature. A solution of CuSO4/THPTA in distilled water (0.04 M) (0.2 eq) and sodium ascorbate (0.2 eq) are added successively and the resulting solution is stirred 12 hrs at 70° C. The solution is cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by chromatography to give compound 44.
Compound 45: Compound 44 is dissolved in MeOH/i-PrOH (2/1) and hydrogenated in the presence of Pd(OH)2 (20 wt %) at 1 atm of H2 gas pressure for 24 hrs at room temperature. The solution is filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate is concentrated to give compound 45.
Compound 46: Compound 45 is dissolved in ethylenediamine and stirred for 12 hrs at 70° C. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by C-18 column chromatography followed by lyophilization to give a compound 46.
Compound 47: Compound 47 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 48: Compound 48 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 49: Compound 49 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 50: Compound 50 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 51: Compound 51 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 52: Compound 52 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 53: Compound 53 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 54: Compound 54 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 55: Compound 54 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (2.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (2.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (10 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 55.
Compound 56: Compound 55 is dissolved in ethylenediamine and stirred for 12 hrs at 70° C. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by C-18 column chromatography followed by lyophilization to give a compound 56.
Compound 57: Compound 57 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 58: Compound 58 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 59: Compound 59 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 60: To a stirred solution of compound 1 in DCM/MeOH (25/1) at room temperature is added orotic acid chloride (5 eq) and triphenylphosphine (5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 24 hours. The solvent is removed and the residue is separated by column chromatography to afford compound 60.
Compound 62: Compound 61 is dissolved in acetonitrile at room temperature. Benzaldehyde dimethylacetal (1.1 eq) is added followed by camphorsulfonic acid (0.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred until completion. Triethylamine is added. The solvent is removed and the residue separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 62.
Compound 63: Compound 62 is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature. Dimethylaminopyridine (0.01 eq) is added followed by chloroacetyl chloride (2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred until completion. The solvent is removed under educed pressure. The residue is dissolved in ethyl acetate, transferred to a separatory funnel and washed two times with 0.1N HCl and two times with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue is separated by column chromatograph to afford compound 63.
Compound 64: Activated powdered 4 Å molecular sieves are added to a solution of compound 60 and compound 63 (2 eq) in dry DCM under argon. The mixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. Solid DMTST (1.5 eq) is added in 4 portions over 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered through Celite, transferred to a separatory funnel and washed two times with half saturated sodium bicarbonate and two times with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 64.
Compound 65: Compound 64 is dissolved in DMF. Sodium azide (1.5 eq) is added and the reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. until completion. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate and transferred to a separatory funnel. The organic phase is washed 4 times with water then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue is separated by column chromatography to afford compound 65.
Compound 66: A solution of bispropagyl PEG-5 (compound 43) and compound 65 (2.4 eq) in MeOH is degassed at room temperature. A solution of CuSO4/THPTA in distilled water (0.04 M) (0.2 eq) and sodium ascorbate (0.2 eq) are added successively and the resulting solution is stirred 12 hrs at 50° C. The solution is concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by chromatography to give a compound 66.
Compound 67: To a solution of compound 66 in dioxane/water (4/1) is added Pd(OH)2/C. The reaction mixture is stirred vigorously overnight under a hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is filtered through Celite and concentrated. The residue is purified by C-19 reverse phase column chromatography to afford compound 67.
Compound 68: Compound 67 is dissolved in ethylenediamine and stirred for 12 hrs at 70° C. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by C-18 column chromatography followed by lyophilization to afford compound 68.
Compound 69: Compound 69 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 70: Compound 70 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 71: Compound 71 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 72: Compound 67 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (2.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (2.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (10 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 72.
Compound 73: Compound 72 is dissolved in ethylenediamine and stirred for 12 hrs at 70° C. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by C-18 column chromatography followed by lyophilization to afford compound 73.
Compound 75: To a degassed solution of compound 74 (synthesis described in WO 2013/096926) (0.5 g, 0.36 mmole) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) at 0° C. was added Pd(PPh3)4 (42 mg, 36.3 μmole, 0.1 eq), Bu3SnH (110 μL, 0.4 μmole, 1.1 eq) and azidoacetic anhydride (0.14 g, 0.73 mmole, 2.0 eq). The resulting solution was stirred for 12 hrs under N2 atmosphere while temperature was gradually increased to room temperature. After the reaction was completed, the solution was diluted with DCM (20 mL), washed with distilled water, dried over Na2SO4, then concentrated. The crude product was purified by combi-flash (EtOAc/Hex, Hex only—3/2, v/v) to give compound 75 (0.33 g, 67%). MS: Calculated (C81H95N4O16, 1376.6), ES-Positive (1400.4, M+Na)).
Compound 76: A solution of bispropargyl PEG-5 (compound 43, 27 mg, 0.1 mmole) and compound 75 (0.33 g, 0.24 mmole, 2.4 eq) in a mixed solution (MeOH/1,4 dioxane, 2/1, v/v, 12 mL) was degassed at room temperature. A solution of CuSO4/THPTA in distilled water (0.04 M) (0.5 mL, 20 μmole, 0.2 eq) and sodium ascorbate (4.0 mg, 20 μmole, 0.2 eq) were added successively and the resulting solution was stirred 12 hrs at 70° C. The solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by combi-flash (EtOAc/MeOH, EtOAc only—4/1, v/v) to give a compound 76 as a white foam (0.23 g, 70%).
Compound 77: A solution of compound 76 (0.23 g, 0.76 μmole) in solution of MeOH/i-PrOH (2/1, v/v, 12 mL) was hydrogenated in the presence of Pd(OH)2 (0.2 g) and 1 atm of H2 gas pressure for 24 hrs at room temperature. The solution was filtered through a Celite pad and the cake was washed with MeOH. The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was washed with hexane and dried under high vacuum to give compound 77 as a white solid (0.14 g, quantitative). MS: Calculated (C80H130N8O35, 1762.8), ES-positive (1785.4, M+Na), ES-Negative (1761.5, M−1, 879.8).
Compound 78: Compound 77 (60 mg, 34.0 μmole) was dissolved in ethylenediamine (3 mL) and the homogeneous solution was stirred for 12 hrs at 70° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was dialyzed against distilled water with MWCO 500 dialysis tube. The crude product was further purified by C-18 column chromatography with water/MeOH (9/1-1/9, v/v) followed by lyophilization to give a compound 78 as a white solid (39 mg, 63%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, Deuterium Oxide) δ 8.00 (s, 2H), 5.26-5.14 (two d, J=16.0 Hz, 4H), 4.52 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 2H), 4.84 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, J=4.0 Hz, 2H), 4.66 (s, 4H), 4.54 (broad d, J=12 Hz, 2H), 3.97 (broad t, 2H), 3.91-3.78 (m, 6H), 3.77-3.58 (m, 28H), 3.57-3.46 (m, 4H), 3.42 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 6H), 3.24 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 4H), 2.67 (s, 2H), 2.32 (broad t, J=12 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.73-1.39 (m, 18H), 1.38-1.21 (m, 6H), 1.20-0.99 (m, J=8.0 Hz, 14H), 0.98-0.73 (m, J=8.0 Hz, 10H).
Compound 79: Compound 79 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 80: Compound 80 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 81: Compound 81 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 82: Compound 82 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 83: Compound 83 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 84: Compound 84 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 85: Compound 85 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 86: Compound 77 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (2.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (2.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (10 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 86.
Compound 87: Compound 86 is dissolved in ethylenediamine stirred for 12 hrs at 70° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by C-18 column chromatography followed by lyophilization to give a compound 87.
Compound 88: Compound 88 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 89: Compound 89 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 90: Compound 90 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 91: Compound 91 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 92: Compound 92 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 93: Compound 93 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 95: Compound 22 and compound 94 (5 eq)(preparation described in WO/2016089872) is co-evaporated 3 times from methanol and stored under vacuum for 1 hour. The mixture is dissolved in methanol under an argon atmosphere and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Sodium triacetoxy borohydride (15 eq) is added and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed and the residue is separated by C-18 reverse phase chromatography.
The purified material is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. The pH is adjusted to 12 with 1N NaOH. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature until completion. The pH is adjusted to 9. The solvent is removed under vacuum and the residue is separated by C-18 reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 95.
Compound 96: Compound 96 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 97: Compound 97 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 98: Compound 98 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 99: Compound 99 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 100: Compound 100 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 101: Compound 101 con be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 102: Compound 102 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 103: Compound 103 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 104: Compound 104 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 105: Compound 105 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 106: Compound 106 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 107: Compound 107 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 108: Compound 108 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 109: Compound 109 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 110: Compound 110 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 111: Compound 111 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 112: Compound 112 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 113: Compound 113 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 114: Compound 114 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 115: Compound 115 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 116: Compound 116 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 117: Compound 117 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 118: Compound 118 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 119: Compound 119 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 120: Compound 120 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 121: Compound 121 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 122: Compound 122 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 123: Compound 123 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 124: Compound 124 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 125: Compound 125 con be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 126: Compound 126 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 127: Compound 127 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 128: Compound 128 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 129: Compound 129 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 130: Compound 130 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 131: Compound 131 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 132: Compound 132 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 133: Compound 133 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 134: Compound 134 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 135: Compound 135 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 136: Compound 136 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 137: Compound 137 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 138: Compound 138 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 139: Compound 139 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 140: Compound 140 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 141: Compound 141 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 142: Compound 142 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 143: Compound 143 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 144: Compound 144 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 315: To a solution of compound 314 (1 gm, 3.89 mmol) (preparation described in WO 2007/028050) and benzyl trichloroacetaimidate (1.1 ml, 5.83 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 ml) was added trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (70 uL, 0.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h. After this period the reaction was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with saturated NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give compound 315 (0.8 gm, 60%).
Compound 316: To a solution of compound 315 (800 mg, 2.3 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (1 ml) and anhydrous methyl acetate (5 ml) was added 0.5 M sodium methoxide solution in methanol (9.2 ml). The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 4 h. The reaction was quenched with acetic acid and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound 316 as mixture of epimers at the methyl ester with 75% equatorial and 25% axial epimer (242 mg, 35%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.48-7.32 (m, 6H), 4.97 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (dd, J=11.1, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.77-3.65 (m, 6H), 3.22-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.39 (dddd, J=15.7, 10.6, 5.1, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 1.60 (dtd, J=13.9, 11.2, 5.4 Hz, 3H). MS: Calculated for C15H19N3O4=305.3, Found ES-positive m/z=306.1 (M+N30).
Compound 318: A solution of compound 317 (5 gm, 11.8 mmol) (preparation described in WO 2009/139719) in anhydrous methanol (20 ml) was treated with 0.5M solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (5 ml) for 3 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was co-evaporated with toluene (20 ml) three times. The residue was dissolved in pyridine (20 ml) followed by addition of benzoyl chloride (4.1 ml, 35.4 mmol) over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under an atmosphere of argon for 22 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with cold 1N hydrochloric acid and cold water, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give compound 318. MS: Calculated for C33H27N3O7S=609.2, Found ES-positive m/z=610.2 (M+Na+).
Compound 319: A mixture of compound 318 (2.4 gm, 3.93 mmol), diphenyl sulfoxide (1.5 gm, 7.3 mmol) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl pyridine (1.8 gm, 7.8 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 ml) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to −60° C. Triflic anhydride (0.62 ml, 3.67 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at the same temperature. A solution of compound 316 (0.8 gm, 2.6 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. The mixture was allowed to warm to 0° C. over 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, transferred to a separatory funnel and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution followed by brine. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated by column chromatography to afford compound 319 as a white solid (1.2 gm, 57%). MS: Calculated for C42H40N6O11=804.3, Found ES-positive m/z=805.3 (M+Na+).
Compound 320: To a solution of compound 319 (1.2 gm 2.067 mmol) and 2-fluorophenyl acetylene (1.2 ml, 10.3 mmol) in methanol (30 ml) was added a stock solution of copper sulfate and tris(3-hydroxypropyltriazolylmethyl) amine in water (2.58 ml). The reaction was initiated by addition of an aqueous solution of sodium ascorbate (0.9 gm, 4.5 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was co-evaporated with dry silica gel and purified by column chromatography to afford compound 320 as a white solid (1.2 gm, 77%).
Stock solution of Copper Sulfate/THETA—(100 mg of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 200 mg of tris(3-hydroxypropyltriazolylmethyl)amine were dissolved in 10 ml of water).
1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.07-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.96 (ddd, J=9.8, 8.2, 1.3 Hz, 4H), 7.79 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 7.65-7.53 (m, 5H), 7.43 (ddt, J=22.4, 10.7, 5.0 Hz, 7H), 7.25-7.01 (m, 9H), 6.92 (td, J=7.6, 7.1, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.13-6.02 (m, 2H), 5.58 (dd, J=11.6, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (dd, J=11.2, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (dq, J=22.1, 6.6, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (dd, J=11.1, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.11 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (t, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.95 (s, 1H), 2.62-2.43 (m, 3H), 1.55 (dt, J=12.7, 6.1 Hz, 1H). MS: Calculated for C58H50N6O11=1044.4, Found ES-positive m/z=1045.5 (M+Na+).
Compound 145: To a solution of compound 320 (1.2 gm, 1.1 mmol) in iso-propanol (40 ml) was added Na-metal (80 mg, 3.4 mmol) at ambient temperature and the mixture was stirred for 12 hours at 50° C. 10%/o aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and stirring continued for another 6 hours at 50° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and neutralized with 50% aqueous hydrochloric acid. To the mixture was added 10% Pd(OH)2 on carbon (0.6 gm) and the reaction mixture was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a Celite pad and concentrated. The residue was separated by HPLC to give compound 145 as a white solid (0.5 gm, 70%). HPLC Conditions—Waters preparative HPLC system was used with ELSD & PDA detectors. Kinetex XB-C18, 100 A, 5 uM, 250×21.2 mm column (from Phenomenex) was used with 0.2% formic acid in water as solvent A and acetonitrile as solvent B at a flow rate of 20 mL/min.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.60 (m, 5H), 7.49 (tdd, J=8.3, 6.1, 2.6 Hz, 3H), 7.15 (tt, J=8.6, 3.2 Hz, 3H), 4.83 (dd, J=10.9, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.53-4.41 (m, 1H), 4.10 (dd, J=10.9, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (h, J=6.0, 5.6 Hz, 3H), 3.65-3.24 (m, 5H), 2.37 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.24-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.93 (q, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.46 (t, J=12.1 Hz, 1H). MS: Calculated for C29H30F2N6O8=628.2, Found ES-positive m/z=629.2 (M+Na+).
Compound 146: To a solution of compound 145 (3 eq) in anhydrous DMF was added HATU (3.3 eq) and DIPEA (5 eq). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 minutes followed by addition of compound 22 (1 eq). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by HPLC to afford compound 146.
Compound 147: Compound 147 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 148: Compound 148 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 149: Compound 149 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 150: Compound 150 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 151: Compound 151 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 152: Compound 152 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 153: Compound 153 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 154: Compound 154 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 155: Compound 155 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 156: Compound 156 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 157: Compound 157 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 158: Compound 158 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 159: Compound 159 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 160: Compound 160 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 161: Compound 161 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 162: Compound 162 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 163: Compound 163 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 164: Compound 164 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 165: Compound 165 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 166: Compound 166 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 167: Compound 167 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 168: Compound 168 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 169: Compound 169 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 170: Compound 170 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 172: Compound 172 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 173: Compound 173 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 174: Compound 174 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 175: Compound 175 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 176: Compound 176 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 177: Compound 177 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 178: Compound 178 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 179: Compound 179 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 180: Compound 180 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 181: Compound 181 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 182: Compound 182 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 183: Compound 183 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 184: Compound 184 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 185: Compound 185 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 186: Compound 186 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 187: Compound 187 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 188: Compound 188 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 189: Compound 189 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 190: Compound 190 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 191: Compound 191 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 192: Compound 192 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 193: Compound 193 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 194: Compound 194 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 195: Compound 195 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 197: To a solution of compound 22 (1 eq) in anhydrous DMSO was acetic acid NHS ester (compound 196)(5 eq). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by HPLC to afford compound 197.
Compound 198: Compound 198 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 199: Compound 199 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 200: Compound 200 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 201: Compound 201 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 202: Compound 202 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 203: Compound 203 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 205: A solution of compound 204 (synthesis described in Mead, G. et. al., Bioconj. Chem., 2015, 25, 1444-1452) (0.25 g, 0.53 mmole) and propiolic acid (0.33 mL, 5.30 mmole, 10 eq) in distilled water (1.5 mL) was degassed. A solution of CuSO4/THPTA in distilled water (0.04 M) (1.3 mL, 53 μmole, 0.1 eq) and sodium ascorbate (21 mg, 0.11 mmole, 0.2 eq) were added successively and the resulting solution was stirred 3 hrs at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and partially purified by C-18 column chromatography (water/MeOH, water only—5/5, v/v). The resulting material was further purified by C-18 column chromatography eluting with water to afford compound 205 (0.16 g, 0.34 mmole, 64%). MS: (Calculated for C8H103N3Na3O14S3, 537.34), ES-Negative (513.5, M-Na-1).
Compound 206: To a solution of compound 205 (7.5 mg, 14 μmole), DIPEA (2.4 μL, 14 μmole) and a catalytic amount of DMAP in DMF/DMSO (3/1, v/v, 0.15 mL) at 0° C. was added EDCI (1.6 mg, 8.22 μmole). The solution was stirred for 20 min. This solution was slowly added to a solution of compound 78 (5.0 mg, 2.7 μmole) in DMF/DMSO (3/1, v/v, 0.2 mL) cooled at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred 12 hrs allowing the reaction temperature to increase to room temperature. The reaction mixture was purified directly by HPLC. The product portions were collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, then lyophilized to give compound 206 as a white solid (0.4 mg, 1.15 μmole, 1.1%). MS: Calculated (C98H154N18Na6O59S6, 2856.7), ES-Negative (907.7, M/3; 881.0, M−1SO3/3; 854.1 M−2SO3/3; 685.8 M+1Na/4; 680.5 M/4); Fraction of RT=10.65 min, 1399.4, M+7Na−1SO3/2; 959.3 M+7Na/3; M+7Na−1SO3/3; 724.8, M+8Na/4; 549.M+1Na/5; 460.9 M+2Na/6; 401.M+4Na/7).
Compound 207: Compound 207 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 208: Compound 208 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 209: Compound 209 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 210: Compound 210 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 211: Compound 211 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 213: Prepared according to Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1995, 5, 2321-2324 starting with D-threonolactone.
Compound 214: Compound 213 (500 mg, 1 mmol) was dissolved in 9 mL acetonitrile. Potassium hydroxide (1 mL of a 2M solution) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase was acidified with 1N HCl until pH˜1 and extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined dichloromethane extracts from after acidification of the aqueous phase were concentrated in vacuo to give compound 214 as a yellow oil (406 mg). LCMS (C-18; 5-95 H2O/MeCN): UV (peak at 4.973 min), positive mode: m/z=407 [M+H]+; negative mode: m/z=405 [M−H].C25H26O5 (406).
Compound 215: Prepared in an analogous fashion to compound 214 using L-erythronolactone as the starting material. LCMS (C-18; 5-95 H2O/MeCN): ELSD (5.08 min), UV (peak at 4.958 min), positive mode: m/z=407 [M+H]+; negative mode: m/z=405 [M−H]− C25H26O5 (406).
Compound 216: Prepared in an analogous fashion to compound 214 using L-threonolactone as the starting material. LCMS (C-18; 5-95 H2O/MeCN): ELSD (5.08 min), UV (peak at 4.958 min), positive mode: m/z=407 [M+H]+; negative mode: m/z=405 [M−H]− C25H26O5 (406).
Compound 217: Prepared in an analogous fashion to compound 214 using D-erythronolactone as the starting material. LCMS (C-18; 5-95 H2O/MeCN): ELSD (5.08 min), UV (peak at 4.958 min), positive mode: m/z=407 [M+H]+; negative mode: m/z=405 [M−H]− C25H26O5 (406).
Compound 218: To a solution of compound 214 (3 eq) in anhydrous DMF was added HATU (3.3 eq) and DIPEA (5 eq). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 minutes followed by addition of compound 78 (1 eq). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by HPLC to afford compound 218.
Compound 219: Compound 218 is dissolved in methanol and degassed. To this solution is added Pd(OH)2/C. The reaction mixture is vigorously stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 12 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 219.
Compound 220: A solution of the sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (100 eq) and compound 219 (1 eq) in pyridine was stirred at 67° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solid was dissolved in water and cooled to 0° C. A 1N solution of NaOH was then added slowly until pH-10 and the latter was freeze dried. The resulting residue was purified by Gel Permeation (water as eluent). The collected fractions were lyophilised to give compound 220.
Compound 221: Compound 221 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 222: Compound 222 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 223: Compound 223 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 224: To a solution of compound 78 in anhydrous DMSO was added a drop of DIPEA and the solution was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous solution was obtained. A solution of succinic anhydride (2.2 eq) in anhydrous DMSO was added and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was lyophilized to dryness and the crude product was purified by HPLC to give compound 224.
Compound 225: Compound 225 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 226: Compound 226 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 227: Compound 227 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 228: Compound 228 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 229: Compound 229 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 231: A mixture of compound 230 (preparation described in Schwizer, et. al., Chem. Eur. J., 2012, 18, 1342) and compound 2 (preparation described in WO 2013/096926) (1.7 eq) is azeotroped 3 times from toluene. The mixture is dissolved in DCM under argon and cooled on an ice bath. To this solution is added boron trifluoride etherate (1.5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 12 hours at room temperature. The reaction is quenched by the addition of triethylamine (2 eq). The reaction mixture is transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 1 time with half saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 1 time with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 231.
Compound 232: Compound 231 is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (0.1 eq) is added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 2 times with water. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 232.
Compound 233: To a solution of compound 232 in dichloromethane cooled on an ice bath is added DABCO (1.5 eq) followed by monomethyoxytrityl chloride (1.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred overnight allowing to warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated and the residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 233.
Compound 234: To a solution of compound 233 in methanol is added dibutyltin oxide (1.1 eq). The reaction mixture is refluxed for 3 hours then concentrated. The residue is suspended in DME. To this suspension is added compound 6 (preparation described in Thoma et. al. J. Med. Chem., 1999, 42, 4909) (1.5 eq) followed by cesium fluoride (1.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 234.
Compound 235: To a degassed solution of compound 234 in anhydrous DCM at 0° C. is added Pd(PPh3)4 (0.1 eq), Bu3SnH (1.1 eq) and N-trifluoroacetyl glycine anhydride (2.0 eq) (preparation described in Chemische Berichte (1955), 88(1), 26). The resulting solution is stirred for 12 hrs allowing the temperature to increase to room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with water. The organic phase is dried over Na2SO4, then filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 235.
Compound 236: Compound 235 is dissolved in methanol and degassed. To this solution is added Pd(OH)2/C. The reaction mixture is vigorously stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 12 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 236.
Compound 237: Compound 236 is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (1.1 eq) is added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is concentrated. The residue is separated by C-18 reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 237.
Compound 238: Compound 238 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 239: Compound 239 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 240: Compound 236 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (1.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (1.1 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (2 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 240.
Compound 241: Compound 240 is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (0.3 eq) is added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is concentrated. The residue is separated by C-18 reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 241.
Compound 242: Compound 242 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 243: Compound 243 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 244: Compound 244 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 245: A solution of compound 20 (0.4 eq) in DMSO is added to a solution of compound 237 (1 eq) and DIPEA (10 eq) in anhydrous DMSO at room temperature. The resulting solution is stirred overnight. The reaction mixture is separated by reverse phase chromatography and the product lyophilized to give compound 245.
Compound 246: Compound 246 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 247: Compound 247 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 248: Compound 248 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 249: Compound 249 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 250: Compound 250 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 251: Compound 251 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 252: Compound 252 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 253: Compound 253 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 254: Compound 254 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 255: Compound 255 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 256: Compound 256 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 257: To a solution of compound 238 in MeOH at room temperature is added compound 35 followed by cesium acetate (2.5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature until completion. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The product is purified by reverse phase chromatography to give compound 257.
Compound 258: Compound 258 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 259: Compound 259 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 260: To a degassed solution of compound 234 in anhydrous DCM at 0° C. is added Pd(PPh3)4 (0.1 eq), Bu3SnH (1.1 eq) and azidoacetic anhydride (2.0 eq). The ice bath is removed and the solution is stirred for 12 hrs under a N2 atmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, then concentrated. The crude product is purified by column chromatography to give compound 260.
Compound 261: A solution of bis-propagyl PEG-5 (compound 43) and compound 260 (2.4 eq) in MeOH is degassed at room temperature. A solution of CuSO4/THPTA in distilled water (0.04 M) (0.2 eq) and sodium ascorbate (0.2 eq) are added successively and the resulting solution is stirred 12 hrs at 70° C. The solution is cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by chromatography to give compound 261.
Compound 262: Compound 261 is dissolved in MeOH and hydrogenated in the presence of Pd(OH)2 (20 wt %) at 1 atm of H2 gas pressure for 24 hrs at room temperature. The solution is filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate is concentrated to give compound 262.
Compound 263: Compound 262 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (2.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (2.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (10 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 263.6
Compound 264: Compound 264 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 265: Compound 265 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 266: Compound 266 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 267: Compound 267 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 268: Compound 268 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 269: Compound 269 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 270: Compound 270 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 271: Compound 271 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 272: Activated powdered 4 Å molecular sieves are added to a solution of compound 230 and compound 63 (2 eq) in dry DCM under argon. The mixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. Solid DMTST (1.5 eq) is added in 4 portions over 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered through Celite, transferred to a separatory funnel and washed two times with half saturated sodium bicarbonate and two times with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 272.
Compound 273: Compound 272 is dissolved in DMF. Sodium azide (1.5 eq) is added and the reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. until completion. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate and transferred to a separatory funnel. The organic phase is washed 4 times with water then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue is separated by column chromatography to afford compound 273.
Compound 274: A solution of bispropagyl PEG-5 (compound 43) and compound 273 (2.4 eq) in MeOH is degassed at room temperature. A solution of CuSO4/THPTA in distilled water (0.04 M) (0.2 eq) and sodium ascorbate (0.2 eq) are added successively and the resulting solution is stirred 12 hrs at 50° C. The solution is concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by chromatography to give a compound 274.
Compound 275: To a solution of compound 274 in dioxane/water (4/1) is added Pd(OH)2/C. The reaction mixture is stirred vigorously overnight under a hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is filtered through Celite and concentrated. The residue is purified by C-18 reverse phase column chromatography to afford compound 275.
Compound 276: Compound 275 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (2.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (2.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (10 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 276.
Compound 277: Compound 277 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 278: Compound 278 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 279: Compound 279 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 280: Compound 280 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 281: Compound 281 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 282: Compound 282 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 284: A mixture of compound 283 (preparation described in WO 2007/028050) and compound 2 (preparation described in WO 2013/096926) (1.7 eq) is azeotroped 3 times from toluene. The mixture is dissolved in DCM under argon and cooled on an ice bath. To this solution is added boron trifluoride etherate (1.5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 12 hours at room temperature. The reaction is quenched by the addition of triethylamine (2 eq). The reaction mixture is transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 1 time with half saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 1 time with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 284.
Compound 285: Compound 284 is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (0.1 eq) is added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 2 times with water. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 285.
Compound 286: To a solution of compound 285 in dichloromethane cooled on an ice bath is added DABCO (1.5 eq) followed by monomethyoxytrityl chloride (1.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred overnight allowing to warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture is transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 2 times with water. The organic phase is concentrated and the residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 286.
Compound 287: To a solution of compound 286 in methanol is added dibutyltin oxide (1.1 eq). The reaction mixture is refluxed for 3 hours then concentrated. The residue is suspended in DME. To this suspension is added compound 6 (preparation described in Thoma et. al. J. Med. Chem., 1999, 42, 4909) (1.5 eq) followed by cesium fluoride (1.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 287.
Compound 288: To a degassed solution of compound 287 in anhydrous DCM at 0° C. is added Pd(PPh3)4 (0.1 eq), Bu3SnH (1.1 eq) and N-trifluoroacetyl glycine anhydride (2.0 eq) (preparation described in Chemische Berichte (1955), 88(1), 26). The resulting solution is stirred for 12 hrs allowing the temperature to increase to room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with water. The organic phase is dried over Na2SO4, then filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 288.
Compound 289: To a stirred solution of compound 288 in DCM/MeOH (25/1) at room temperature is added orotic acid chloride (5 eq) and triphenylphosphine (5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 24 hours. The solvent is removed and the residue is separated by column chromatography to afford compound 289.
Compound 290: Compound 289 is dissolved in methanol and degassed. To this solution is added Pd(OH)2/C. The reaction mixture is vigorously stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 12 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 290.
Compound 291: Compound 290 is dissolved in methanol at room temperature. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (1.1 eq) is added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is concentrated. The residue is separated by C-18 reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 291.
Compound 292: Compound 292 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 293: Compound 293 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 294: A solution of compound 291 (0.4 eq) in DMSO is added to a solution of compound 20 (1 eq) and DIPEA (10 eq) in anhydrous DMSO at room temperature. The resulting solution is stirred overnight. The reaction mixture is separated by reverse phase chromatography and the product lyophilized to give compound 294.
Compound 295: Compound 294 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (2.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (2.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (10 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 295.
Compound 296: Compound 2% can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 297: Compound 297 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 298: Compound 298 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 299: Compound 299 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 300: Compound 300 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 301: Compound 301 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 302: Compound 302 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 303: To a stirred solution of compound 287 in DCM/MeOH (251) at room temperature is added orotic acid chloride (5 eq) and triphenylphosphine (5 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 24 hours. The solvent is removed and the residue is separated by column chromatography to afford compound 303.
Compound 304: To a degassed solution of compound 303 in anhydrous DCM at 0° C. is added Pd(PPh3)4 (0.1 eq), Bu3SnH (1.1 eq) and azidoacetic anhydride (2.0 eq). The ice bath is removed and the solution is stirred for 12 hrs under a N2 atmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, then concentrated. The crude product is purified by column chromatography to give compound 304.
Compound 305: A solution of bispropagyl PEG-5 (compound 43) and compound 304 (2.4 eq) in MeOH is degassed at room temperature. A solution of CuSO4/THPTA in distilled water (0.04 M) (0.2 eq) and sodium ascorbate (0.2 eq) are added successively and the resulting solution is stirred 12 hrs at 50° C. The solution is cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by chromatography to give compound 305.
Compound 306: Compound 305 is dissolved in MeOH and hydrogenated in the presence of Pd(OH)2 (20 wt %) at 1 atm of H2 gas pressure for 24 hrs at room temperature. The solution is filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate is concentrated to give compound 306.
Compound 307: Compound 306 is dissolved in DMF and cooled on an ice bath. Diisopropylethylamine (2.5 eq) is added followed by HATU (2.2 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred 15 minutes on the ice bath then azetidine (10 eq) is added. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is separated by reverse phase chromatography to afford compound 307.
Compound 308: Compound 308 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 309: Compound 309 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 310: Compound 310 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 311: Compound 311 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 312: Compound 312 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 313: Compound 313 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 321: Compound 317 (1.1 g, 2.60 mmoles) was dissolved in methanol (25 mL) at room temperature. Sodium methoxide (0.1 mL, 25% sol. in MeOH) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture neutralized by the addition of Amberlyst acidic resin, filtered and concentrated to give crude 321, which was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z calculated for C12H15N3O4S: 297.3, found 298.1 (M+1); 320.1 (M+Na).
Compound 322: Crude compound 321 (2.60 mmoles), 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-1-acetylene (2.5 equiv), THPTA (0.11 equiv), and copper (II) sulfate (0.1) were dissolved in methanol (15 mL) at room temperature. Sodium ascorbate (2.4 equiv) dissolved in water was added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resultant precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with hexanes and water, and dried to give compound 322 as a pale yellow solid (1.2 g, 100% yield for 2 steps). LCMS (ESI): m/z calculated for C20H18F3N3O4S: 453.1, found 454.2 (M+1); 476.2 (M+Na).
Compound 323: Compound 322 (1.2 g, 2.65 mmoles) was dissolved in DMF (15 mL) and cooled on an ice bath. Sodium hydride (60% oil dispersion, 477 mg, 11.93 mmoles) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. Benzyl bromide (1.42 mL, 11.93 mmoles) was added and the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution, transferred to a separatory funnel and extracted 3 times with ether. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 323 (1.8 g, 94% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z calculated for C41H36F3N3O4S: 723.2, found 724.3 (M+1); 746.3 (M+Na).
Compound 324: Compound 323 (1.8 g, 2.49 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (20 mL) and water (2 mL) and cooled on an ice bath. Trichloroisocyanuric acid (637 mg, 2.74 mmoles) was added and the reaction mixture stirred on the ice bath for 3 h. The acetone was removed in vacuo and the residue was diluted with DCM, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The organic phase was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 324 (1.5 g, 95%). LCMS (ESI): m/z calculated for C35H32F3N3O5: 631.2, found 632.2 (M+1); 654.2 (M+Na).
Compound 325: Compound 324 (1.0 g, 1.58 mmoles) was dissolved in DCM (20 mL) and cooled on an ice bath. Dess-Martin periodinane (1.0 g, 2.37 mmoles) was added and mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture quenched by the addition of aqueous saturated NaHCO3, transferred to a separatory funnel, and extracted 2 times with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford compound 325 (520 mg, 52% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z calculated for C35H30F3N3O5: 629.2, found 652.2 (M+Na); 662.2 (M+MeOH+1); 684.2 (M+MeOH+Na).
Compound 326: Methyl bromoacetate (253 mg, 1.65 mmoles) dissolved in 0.5 mL of THF was added dropwise to a solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.0 M in THF, 1.65 mL, 1.65 mmoles) cooled at −78° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at −78° C. Compound 325 (260 mg, 0.41 mmoles) dissolved in THF (2.0 mL) was then added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction was quenched by the addition of aqueous saturated NH4Cl and warmed to rt. The reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was separated by flash chromatography to afford compound 326 (183 mg, 64% yield).
1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.38-7.22 (m, 9H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.4, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.98-6.93 (m, 2H), 5.11 (dd, J=11.3, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 4.57-4.49 (m, 2H), 4.49-4.42 (m, 2H), 4.35 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (s, 1H), 4.02 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.70 (dd, J=9.5, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (dd, J=9.4, 6.0 Hz, 1H). LCMS (ESI): m/z calculated for C38H34F3N3O7: 701.2, found 702.3 (M+1); 724.3 (M+Na).
Compound 327: Compound 326 (5.0 g, 7.13 mmol) was azeotroped with toluene two times under reduced pressure, and then dried under high vacuum for 2 hours. It was then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (125 mL) and cooled on an ice bath while stirring under an atmosphere of argon. Tributyltin hydride (15.1 mL, 56.1 mmol) was added dropwise and the solution was allowed to stir for 25 minutes on the ice bath. Trimethylsilyl triflate (2.1 mL, 11.6 mmol) dissolved in 20 mL of anhydrous CH2C12 was then added dropwise over the course of 5 minutes. The reaction was slowly warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL), transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (50 mL). The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with CH2C12 (50 mL×2). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes to 40% EtOAc in hexanes, gradient) to afford compound 327 (2.65 g, 48%).
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.22 (m, 8H), 7.16-7.06 (m, 7H), 6.96-6.90 (m, 2H), 5.03 (dd, J=10.7, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (dt, J=22.6, 11.4 Hz, 3H), 4.41 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (dd, J=10.7, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 11H), 3.92-3.84 (m, 3H), 3.78-3.71 (m, 4H), 3.65 (dd, J=9.1, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 0.24 (s, 9H). LCMS (ESI): m/z (M+Na) calculated for C41H44F3N3O7SiNa: 798.87, found 798.2.
Compound 328: To a solution of compound 327 (2.65 g, 3.4 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (40 mL) was added Pd(OH)2 (0.27 g, 20% by wt). The mixture was cooled on an ice bath and stirred for 30 minutes. Triethylsilane (22 mL, 137 mmol) was added dropwise. The solution was allowed to slowly warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a bed of Celite and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes to 100% EtOAc, gradient) to afford compound 328 (1.09 g, 73%).
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.57 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.53 (m, 2H), 4.91-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.66-4.59 (m, 1H), 4.55 (dd, J=10.8, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (dd, J=9.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.68 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI): m/z (M+Na) calculated for C17H18F3N3O7Na: 456.33, found 456.0.
Compound 329: Compound 328 (1.09 g, 2.5 mmol) and CSA (0.115 g, 0.49 mmol) were suspended in anhydrous MeCN (80 mL) under an argon atmosphere. Benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (0.45 mL, 2.99 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 16 hours at ambient temperature, during which time it became a homogenous solution. The reaction mixture was then neutralized with a few drops of Et3N, and concentrated. The residue was purified via flash chromatography (CH2Cl2 to 10% MeOH in CH2Cl2, gradient) to afford compound 329 (978 mg, 75%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.84 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.33 (qdt, J=8.4, 5.6, 2.7 Hz, 5H), 5.51 (t, J=3.8 Hz, 2H), 5.47 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (dd, J=10.8, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (dd, J=6.7, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (ddd, J=10.8, 9.3, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.09-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.85 (dd, J=9.3, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.81-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H). LCMS (ESI): m/z (M+Na) calculated for C24H22F3N3O7Na: 544.43, found 544.1.
Compound 330: Compound 329 (25.2 mg, 0.048 mmol) was azeotroped with toluene 2 times under reduced pressure, dried under high vacuum for 2 hours, then dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) and cooled on an ice bath. Benzyl bromide (6 uL, 0.05 mmol) dissolved in 0.5 mL of anhydrous DMF was added and the reaction and was stirred under an atmosphere of argon for 30 minutes at 0° C. Sodium hydride (2 mg, 0.05 mmol, 60%) was added and the reaction was allowed to gradually warm to ambient temperature while stirring for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL), transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with H2O (10 mL). The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic phases were washed with H2O (10 mL×3), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative TLC (5% MeOH in CH2C12) to afford compound 330 (6.3 mg, 21%). LCMS (EST): m/z (M+Na) calculated for C31H28F3N3O7Na: 634.55, found 634.1.
Compound 331: Compound 330 (6.3 mg, 0.01 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous MeOH (1 mL) containing CSA (0.26 mg, 0.001 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 76° C. in a screw-cap scintillation vial while stirring. After 2 hours, an additional 0.13 mg of CSA in 0.5 mL of MeOH was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 76° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified via preparative TLC (10% MeOH in CH2Cl2) to afford compound 331 (4.2 mg, 80%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.80 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.38 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.28 (m, 1H), 5.46 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (dd, J=10.7, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.54 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (q, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.78 (dd, J=9.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.61-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.38 (m, 1H). LCMS (ESI): m/z (M+Na) calculated for C24H24F3N3O7Na: 546.45, found 546.0.
Compound 332: To a solution of compound 331 (3.5 mg, 0.007 mmoles) in methanol (0.5 mL) was added 1.0 M NaOH solution (0.1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature then neutralized with acidic resin, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography using a C-8 matrix to afford 3.0 mg compound 332 (90%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, Deuterium Oxide) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.37 (s, 2H), 7.54-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (dt, J=14.3, 7.2 Hz, 3H), 4.86 (dd, J=11.0, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.40-4.30 (m, 2H), 4.16 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 11H), 3.73 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 0H), 3.67 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.56 (dd, J=11.7, 3.9 Hz, 1H). LCMS (ESI): m/z (M+Na) calculated for C23H22F3N3O7: 509.1, found 508.2 (M−H).
Compound 333: Compound 333 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 334: Compound 334 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 335: Compound 335 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 336: Compound 336 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 337: Compound 337 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 338: Compound 338 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 339: Compound 339 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 340: Compound 340 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 341: Compound 341 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 342: Compound 342 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
Compound 343: Compound 342 can be prepared in an analogous fashion to
The inhibition assay to screen and characterize antagonists of E-selectin is a competitive binding assay, from which IC50 values may be determined. E-selectin/Ig chimera are immobilized in 96 well microtiter plates by incubation at 37° C. for 2 hours. To reduce nonspecific binding, bovine serum albumin is added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours. The plate is washed and serial dilutions of the test compounds are added to the wells in the presence of conjugates of biotinylated, sLea polyacrylamide with streptavidin/horseradish peroxidase and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.
To determine the amount of sLea bound to immobilized E-selectin after washing, the peroxidase substrate, 3,3′,5,5′ tetramiethylbenzidine (TMB) is added. After 3 minutes, the enzyme reaction is stopped by the addition of H3PO4, and the absorbance of light at a wavelength of 450 nm is determined. The concentration of test compound required to inhibit binding by 50% is determined.
Galectin-3 antagonists can be evaluated for their ability to inhibit binding of galectin-3 to a Galβ1-3GlcNAc carbohydrate structure. The detailed protocol is as follows. A 1 ug/mL suspension of a Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ-PAA-biotin polymer (Glycotech, catalog number 01-096) is prepared. A 100 uL aliquot of the polymer is added to the wells of a 96-well streptavidin-coated plate (R&D Systems, catalog number CP004). A 100 uL aliquot of 1× Tris Buffered Saline (TBS, Sigma, catalog number T5912-10X) is added to control wells. The polymer is allowed to bind to the streptavidin-coated wells for 1.5 hours at room temperature. The contents of the wells are discarded and 200 uL of 1×TBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) is added to each well as a blocking reagent and the plate is kept at room temperature for 30 minutes. The wells are washed three times with 1×TBS containing 0.1% BSA. A serial dilution of test compounds is prepared in a separate V-bottom plate (Corning, catalog number 3897). A 75 uL aliquot of the highest concentration of the compound to be tested is added to the first well in a column of the V-bottom plate then 15 ul is serially transferred into 60 uL 1×TBS through the remaining wells in the column to generate a 1 to 5 serial dilution. A 60 uL aliquot of 2 ug/mL galectin-3 (IBL, catalog number IBATGP0414) is added to each well in the V-bottom plate. A 100 uL aliquot of the galectin-3/test compound mixture is transferred from the V-bottom plate into the assay plate containing the Galβ1-3GlcNAc polymer. Four sets of control wells in the assay plate are prepared in duplicate containing 1) both Galβ1-3GlcNAc polymer and galectin-3, 2) neither the polymer nor galectin-3, 3) galectin-3 only, no polymer, or 4) polymer only, no galectin-3. The plate is gently rocked for 1.5 hours at room temperature. The wells are washed four times with TBS/0.1% BSA. A 100 uL aliquot of anti-galectin-3 antibody conjugated to horse radish peroxidase (R&D Systems, from DGAL30 kit) is added to each well and the plate is kept at room temperature for 1 hour. The wells are washed four times with TBS/0.1% BSA. A 100 uL aliquot of TMB substrate solution is added to each well. The TMB substrate solution is prepared by making a 1:1 mixture of TMB Peroxidase Substrate (KPL, catalog number 5120-0048) and Peroxidase Substrate Solution B (KPL, catalog number 5120-0037). The plate is kept at room temperature for 10 to 20 minutes. The color development is stopped by adding 100 uL 10% phosphoric acid (RICCA Chemical Co., catalog number 5850-16). The absorbance at 450 nm (A450) is measured using a FlexStation 3 plate reader (Molecular Devices). Plots of A450 versus test compound concentration and IC50 determinations are made using GraphPad Prism 6.
The CXCR4-cAMP assay measures the ability of a glycomimetic CXCR4 antagonist to inhibit the binding of CXCL12 (SDF-1α) to CHO cells that have been genetically engineered to express CXCR4 on the cell surface. Assay kits may be purchased from DiscoveRx (95-0081E2CP2M; cAMP Hunter eXpress CXCR4 CHO-K1). The Gi-coupled receptor antagonist response protocol described in the kit instruction manual can be followed. GPCRs, such as CXCR4, are typically coupled to one of the 3 G-proteins: Gs, Gi, or Gq. In the CHO cells supplied with the kit, CXCR4 is coupled to Gi. After activation of CXCR4 by ligand binding (CXCL12), Gi dissociates from the CXCR4 complex, becomes activated, and binds to adenylyl cyclase, thus inactivating it, resulting in decreased levels of intracellular cAMP. Intracellular cAMP is usually low, so the decrease of the low level of cAMP by a Gi-coupled receptor will be difficult to detect. Forskolin is added to the CHO cells to directly activate adenylyl cyclase (bypassing all GPCRs), thus raising the level of cAMP in the cell, so that a Gi response can be more easily observed. CXCL12 interaction with CXCR4 decreases the intracellular level of cAMP and inhibition of CXCL12 interaction with CXCR4 by a CXCR4 antagonist increases the intracellular cAMP level, which is measured by luminescence.
Compound A, a specific antagonist of E-selectin, enhanced HSC quiescence by preventing differentiation. Studies further showed that therapeutic blockade of E-selectin in vivo with Compound A specifically augmented the mobilization of HSC with highest self-renewal potential following G-CSF administration, and markedly improved subsequent engraftment and reconstitution in mice. Noteworthy is the fact that the studies focused on the role of E-selectin and the use of Compound A during HSC mobilization in current harvesting procedures of donors to accelerate recovery in transplant recipients.
Antagonism of E-selectin in the recipient could lead to a beneficial effect on survival of HSC-reconstituted recipients. For example, hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also known as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a major complication of HSC transplantation and it carries a high mortality. In a murine model of VOD, hepatic inflammation was characteristic of SOS, and mice deficient in P- and E-selectins on the surface of vascular endothelial cells showed markedly reduced SOS, demonstrating a major role for leukocytes recruited from blood. Inhibition of SOS with an E-selectin antagonist such as Compound A could have a positive impact on survival.
The survival outcome of lethally-irradiated, bone marrow depleted mice when reconstituted with HSC in combination with Compound A was investigated. C57BL/6 mice with bone marrow depleted by lethal-irradiation were reconstituted with bone-marrow derived from the congenic strain, B6.SJL-PtprcaPepcb/BoyJ (B6.SJL) mice. The use of a congenic strain in these studies allowed for the enumeration and differentiation between the donor strain (CD45.1+) and the recipient strain (CD45.2+).
Twenty-four hours post irradiation (6Gy×2), cohorts of C57BL/6 mice (n=10/group) were injected i.v. with 1×106 cells (study day 0) from B6.SJL donor mice with three IP dosing regimens with 40 mg/kg Compound A. These regimens were: (a) q12 h on study days 0 and 1; (b) q12h on study days 1 and 2; and (c) q12h on study day 1 only. Control groups in this study included irradiated mice alone (expected survival=0%), non-irradiated mice alone (expected survival=100%), and irradiated, reconstituted mice (no Compound A). The survival of mice was determined over the course of the study (study days 0 to 30) (see
Treatment with Compound A as part of the transplant regimen significantly increased the median survival time (MST) of mice compared with the control group—the MST of mice treated with Compound A and HSC was >30 days with 80-90/o of mice alive at study completion. In contrast, the MST of irradiated mice (no transplant) was 11.5 days with no survivors at study completion. The MST of mice irradiated and transplanted with congenic HSC was 9 days with 40% survival at study completion. The impact of Compound A on survival represented a >233.3% increase in life span (See
Flow cytometric analysis in all surviving mice on day 30 using PE-CD45.1 and APC-CD45.2 markers showed that the mean percentage of CD45.1+ cells from donor congenic mice was approximately 90% (blood and bone marrow), indicating that all surviving mice were successfully reconstituted (See
Accordingly, this novel therapeutic use of inhibitors of E-selectin, such as Compound A, results in the increased survival of mice when combined with HSC transplantation for reconstitution of depleted and compromised bone marrow. The impact on increased host survival could extend to the use of peripheral blood and stem cell transplantations as a therapeutic option in various malignancies where curative intent is intended.
The following references are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/881,307, filed Jul. 31, 2019; 62/910,738, filed Oct. 4, 2019; and 63/032,680, filed May 31, 2020, the disclosures of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2020/044449 | 7/31/2020 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62881307 | Jul 2019 | US | |
| 62910738 | Oct 2019 | US | |
| 63032680 | May 2020 | US |
