Patent Application
20240358034
The present invention relates to an improved method for manufacturing a strained fermented dairy product.
Various embodiments of the present disclosure can be further explained with reference to the attached drawings, wherein like structures are referred to by like numerals throughout the several views. The drawings shown are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ one or more illustrative embodiments.
Fermented dairy products are recognized by consumers as healthy food having nutritional benefits. Among these fermented dairy products, strained fermented dairy products present the interest to contain higher levels of proteins than in conventional fermented dairy products, which represent an additional nutritional benefit.
Such strained fermented dairy products are generally prepared by the same method as for conventional fermented dairy products, with an additional step consisting in the separation of a liquid phase also called whey (containing generally water, lactose, minerals, etc.) from the conventional fermented dairy products. The remaining solid phase constitutes the desired strained fermented dairy products having an increased protein content. Such processes are disclosed notably in WO 2014/114970 or WO 2014/169171.
The separation step can be performed notably by centrifugation. However, due to the formation of a thicker dairy product (solid phase) during this step, clogging issues of the separating device can occur after only few hours of operation of the production line and can impair the capacity of production.
In view of the large consumers enthusiasm for this type of product, there is also an important expectation to have a good product with a good texture, a good taste, a good stability in the time (for example a weak post-acidification) and/or a sugar reduction.
There is thus a need for improved methods for manufacturing strained fermented dairy products.
The present invention relates thus to a method for manufacturing a strained fermented dairy product comprising the following successive steps:
In the context of the present invention, “dairy product” designates more particularly a dairy product ready for human consumption made from milk of animal or vegetal origin.
The dairy product based on milk of animal origin can be made from milk and milk components having a cow, goat, sheep, buffalo, donkey or camel origin, preferably a cow origin.
The dairy product based on milk of vegetal origin can be made from grain milk such as barley milk, oat milk, rice milk or spelt milk; legumes-based milk such as lupin milk, pea milk, peanut milk or soy milk; nut milk such as almond milk, cashew milk, hazelnut milk or walnut milk; or seed milk such as hemps milk, quinoa milk, sesame seed milk, sunflower seed milk or coconut milk. It contains thus vegetal proteins. Preferably, the dairy product based on milk of vegetal origin will be made from soy milk, oat milk, rice milk or almond milk.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dairy product is made from milk and milk components of animal origin, and in particular of cow origin.
Food additives can also be present in the dairy product, notably chosen among: sugars and sweeteners:
If need be, the skilled person will be able to choose appropriate food additives among all the well-known food additives available on the market. These food additives can be added at different stages of the method of manufacturing of the strained fermented dairy product.
The dairy product produced by the method according to the present invention is a strained fermented dairy product.
In the context of the present invention, “strained fermented dairy product” designates more particularly a strained fermented dairy product ready for human consumption, such as a strained fermented milk such as, skyr, greek or a strained yoghurt “also called concentrated yoghurt, Greek-style yoghurt or labneh.
The terms “fermented milk” and “yoghurt” are given their usual meanings in the field of the dairy industry, that is, products intended for human consumption and originating from acidifying lactic fermentation of a milk substrate, having an animal or vegetal origin, preferably an animal origin.
The expression “fermented milk” is thus reserved in the present application for a dairy product prepared with a milk substrate which has undergone treatment at least equivalent to pasteurisation, seeded with microorganisms belonging to the characteristic species or species of each product.
The term “yoghurt” is reserved for fermented milk obtained, according to local and constant usage, by the development of specific thermophilic lactic bacteria known as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, which must be in the living state in the finished product, at a minimum rate. In certain countries, regulations require the addition of other lactic acid bacteria to the production of yoghurt, and especially the additional use of strains of Bifidobacterium and/or Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or Lactobacillus casei. These additional lactic acid bacteria strains are intended to impart various properties to the finished product, such as that of favouring equilibrium of intestinal flora or modulating the immune system.
In practice, the expression “fermented milk” is therefore generally used to designate fermented milks other than yoghurts.
The term “strained” dairy product refers to a dairy product obtained by a separation step in which a liquid whey is separated from a solid phase (the strained dairy product), such as in step (c) of the method according to the invention.
The strained fermented dairy product obtained by the method according to the invention can have a total protein content comprised between 6 and 16%, notably between 7 and 12%, such as between 8 and 10%.
The “total protein content” of a dairy product corresponds to the weight of the proteins present in the dairy product relatively to the total weight of the dairy product. The total protein content is expressed as a weight percentage.
The total protein content can be measured by Kjeldahl analysis (NF EN ISO 8968-1) as the reference method for the determination of the total protein content of dairy products based on measurement of total nitrogen content. The method is described in both AOAC Method 991.20 (1) and international Dairy Federation Standard (IDF) 20B: 1993.
The strained fermented dairy product obtained by the method according to the invention can have a fat content comprised between 0 and 6%, notably between 1 and 5%, such as between 2 and 3%.
The “fat content” of the dairy product corresponds to the weight of the fat components present in the dairy product relatively to the total weight of the dairy product. The fat content is expressed as a weight percentage.
The fat content can be measured by the Weibull-Berntrop gravimetric method described in the standard NF 150 8262-3.
The strained fermented dairy product used in the method according to the present invention is a high textured dairy product, i.e. a thick dairy product having a viscosity comprised between 1500 and 5000 mPa·s, notably between 3000 and 4000 mPa·s, advantageously between 3300 and 3700 mPa·s.
The viscosity is measured at 24 h (i.e 24 h after the production of the product) by a viscometer, more particularly of Rheomat type, equipped with a measuring bob/measuring tube system of type 2/2 with a shear rate of 64 s−1 during 90 s at 10° C. The viscometer can be for example a Rheomat RM200. The measuring bob/measuring tube system of 2-2 type is a system in which the measuring bob is of type 2 and has a diameter of 24 mm and the measuring tube is of type 2 and has a diameter of 26.03 mm.
The viscosity of the dairy product is the viscosity as measured after 24 h cold storage at 2 to 6° C. after the end of step (c). Indeed, this viscosity can change during the shelf life of the product. In particular, the viscosity of a fermented dairy product increases during its shelf life.
The dairy product used as a starting material to prepare the strained fermented dairy product according to the invention is a non-fermented dairy product, also called dairy mix or dairy starting material, containing milk and milk components of animal or vegetal origin, and optionally other food additives such as those indicated previously. The dairy product is thus obtained by the mixing of its various ingredients.
The milk and milk components of animal original can be whole milk and/or wholly or partly skimmed milk, which can be used in a powder, concentrated or retentate form which can be reconstituted by addition of water. Other milk components can be added such as cream, casein, caseinate (for ex. calcium or sodium caseinate), whey proteins notably in the form of a concentrate (WPC), milk proteins notably in the form of a concentrate (MPC), milk protein hydrolysates and mixtures thereof.
The milk and milk components of animal origin can have a cow, goat, sheep, buffalo, donkey or camel origin, preferably a cow origin.
The milk and milk components of vegetal origin can be obtained from grain milk such as barley milk, oat milk, rice milk or spelt milk; legumes-based milk such as lupin milk, pea milk, peanut milk or soy milk; nut milk such as almond milk, cashew milk, hazelnut milk or walnut milk; or seed milk such as hemps milk, quinoa milk, sesame seed milk, sunflower seed milk or coconut milk. It contains thus vegetal proteins. Preferably, the dairy product based on milk of vegetal origin will be made from soy milk, oat milk, rice milk or almond milk.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dairy product is made from milk and milk components of animal origin, and in particular of cow origin.
The dairy product provided in step (a) can have a total protein content comprised between 2.8 and 4.6%, notably between 3.1 and 4.0%, such as between 3.2 and 3.6%.
The dairy product provided in step (a) can have a fat content between 0 and 5.0%, preferably between 0 and 2.0%, notably between 0.05 and 1.0%, such as between 0.1 and 0.3%.
According to an embodiment, the dairy product provided in step a) is a heat-treated dairy product.
The heat-treatment of the dairy product is also called pasteurisation. It aims to kill microorganisms, including pathogenic microorganisms, in the dairy product in order to preserve the quality and the organoleptic properties of the final product and to prevent the consumer to be infected by pathogenic microorganisms present in the dairy product and develop diseases.
The heat-treatment is commonly performed at a temperature (heat-treatment temperature) comprised between 72 C and 140 C, preferably during 2 seconds to 30 minutes.
The heat-treatment can also be performed in several steps, notably two steps, where the dairy product is heated at distinct temperatures in each step. For example, the heat-treatment can be performed according to the two following successive steps:
Advantageously, a homogenisation step is performed between the 2 heating steps, notably at a pressure comprised between 20 and 300 bars (20-300. 105 Pa), notably between 50 and 250 bars (50-250.105 Pa).
Lactase and a culture of bacteria are added to the dairy product, in particular to a dairy product which has been heat-treated. The dairy product is fermented at a temperature (fermentation temperature) between 25° C. and 44° C., notably between 30 and 40° C., in particular for 3 to 25 hours, preferably for 5 to 15 hours.
The lactase and the culture of bacteria cannot be added to the dairy product at a too high temperature and are generally added at the fermentation temperature. Consequently, when the dairy product has been heat-treated, it is necessary to cool the heat-treated dairy product obtained at the end of the heat-treatment step to the fermentation temperature before inoculating the lactase and the culture of bacteria and performing the fermentation step.
The fermentation step is commonly a lactic fermentation which involves techniques well-known to the skilled person.
When reference is made to a “lactic fermentation”, this means an acidifying lactic fermentation which results in milk coagulation and acidification following the production of lactic acid which may be accompanied by the production of other acids, carbon dioxide and various substances such as exopolysaccharides (EPS) or aromatic substances, for example diacetyl and acetaldehyde.
Various bacteria can be used for performing the fermentation of the dairy product and in particular lactic acid bacteria such as:
Lactobacillus sp. (for ex. Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and especially Lactobacillus delbrueckH subsp. bulgaricus Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bifidus and combinations thereof), Bifidobacterium sp. (for ex. Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium inf antis, Bifidobacterium animalis and especially Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lac tis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum and combinations thereof), Streptococcus sp. (for ex. Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus raffinolactis, Streptococcus cremoris and combinations thereof), and combinations thereof.
Preferred lactic acid bacteria to be used in the present invention are selected from Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and combinations thereof.
More preferred lactic acid bacteria to be used in the present invention are selected from:
In the framework of the present invention, the culture of bacteria comprises:
By “thermophilic lactic acid bacteria” is meant, in the present invention, lactic acid bacteria that grow best in relatively high temperature, typically above 35° C., notably between 38 and 44° C. The thermophilic lactic acid bacteria can be selected in the group consisting of Streptococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and combinations thereof, such as defined previously, and notably Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, or a combination thereof.
By “mesophilic lactic acid bacteria” is meant, in the present invention, lactic acid bacteria that grow best in moderate temperature, typically between 20 and 30° C. The mesophilic lactic acid bacteria can be in particular Lactococcus sp. such as defined previously, and even more particularly Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
According to a preferred embodiment, the culture of bacteria used in the present invention comprises: at least one strain of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria selected from Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus raffinolactis, Streptococcus cremoris, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and especially Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bifidus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis and especially Bifidobacterium animalissubsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum and a mixture thereof,
According to a particular embodiment, the culture of bacteria used in the present invention comprises at least one strain of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria strain selected from Streptococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and a mixture thereof. Such cultures are available on the market. Examples include culture YoMix® 495 marketed by Dupont.
According to another embodiment, the culture of bacteria comprises at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp. The Bifidobacterium sp. can be Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis and especially Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum or a combination thereof.
The fermentation step will be stopped, notably by cooling, advantageously when the breaking pH is reached, i.e. a pH comprised between 4.80 and 4.20, notably between 4.65 and 4.35.
The lactase used in the present invention can be any kind of lactase such as Maxilact® marketed by DSM, in particular Maxilact® Lgi 5000 or Ha-lactase™ 5200 commercialized by CHR Hansen. Lactase or beta-galactosidase (E.C:3.2.1.23) is an enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose (a disaccharide) into its component monosaccharides glucose and galactose. Lactases have been isolated from a large variety of micro-organisms. The lactase may be an intracellular or an extracellular produced lactase.
In the framework of the present invention, the lactase is advantageously added in an amount of 0.005 wt % to 0.20 wt %, in particular 0.01 wt % to 0. 15 wt %, preferably 0.02 wt % to 0.06 wt %, based on the total weight of the dairy product.
Advantageously the lactase enzyme is introduced in the dairy material such that at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, preferably 95% of lactose of the dairy material is degraded to glucose and galactose, preferably at pH above 5.0 preferably at a fermentation temperature.
The lactase and the culture of bacteria are added to the dairy product simultaneously or separately. Advantageously, the lactase is added before or along with the culture of bacteria. Preferably, the lactase is added to the dairy product before the culture of bacteria, notably 10 to 40 min before the culture of bacteria, in particular 20 to 30 min before the culture of bacteria.
Indeed, it has been surprisingly demonstrated that the addition of lactase to the dairy product slightly before the culture of bacteria allows further improving the separation step (see example 4).
It was also been believed that the addition of lactase to the strained dairy product allows improving the control of the texture and/or the appareance and/or the taste of the product and/or the stability, for example with the reduction of post-acidification in the strained fermented dairy product and/or allows an improved sugar reduction in the strained fermented dairy product and/or enriched liquid whey composition, that can be further valorized.
According to a preferred embodiment, no other enzyme will be added in this step (b) or another step of the method according to the invention. In particular, no chymosin (present in rennet) will be added in this step (b) or another step of the method according to the invention.
After fermentation, the fermented dairy product is subjected to a separating step in order to form a strained fermented dairy product having a higher total protein amount than the one of the starting fermented dairy product.
In this step, a liquid phase (the whey) containing mainly water, lactose and minerals is separated from the fermented dairy product so that the strained fermented dairy product remains.
This step is preferably performed by centrifugation, using thus a centrifugal separator as separating device.
This step is advantageously performed at a temperature (separation temperature) comprised between 30 and 45° C., notably between 35 and 43° C. Consequently, it could be necessary to heat or cool (notably heat) the fermented dairy product obtained at the end of the fermentation step (b) to the separation temperature before performing the separation step (c).
Advantageously, most of the proteins contained in the fermented dairy product remains in the final strained fermented dairy product. The protein recovery rate (PRR) is thus advantageously above 93 wt %, preferably above 95 wt %.
By “protein recovery rate” is meant, in the present invention, the percent ratio between the total protein content (in wt) in the fermented dairy product and the total protein content (in wt) in the strained fermented dairy product (i.e. the ratio of the total protein content (in wt) in the dairy product before and after the separation step (c)). The strained fermented dairy product obtained at the end of this step will have thus advantageously a total protein content comprised between 6 and 16%, notably between 7 and 12%, such as between 8 and 10%. Indeed, the aim of the separation step (c) is to obtain a target total protein content.
In the absence of lactase, a clogging of the separating device might be observed after only few hours of operation of the production line requiring to stop the production line and to clean the separating device.
Actually, the clogging issue referred here is not related to standard nozzles clogging, commonly observed in standard centrifugal separation processes, when small particles collapses one or two nozzles and the outlet flow rates of the device are affected as immediate consequences.
The clogging phenomenon described here can be observed between the separation disks of the centrifugal device (see
When a clogging issue occurs, the total protein content in the liquid phase or whey increases, whereas the total protein content in the strained fermented dairy product decreases. In addition to the clogging issue, it is then difficult or impossible to reach the target total protein content in the final strained fermented dairy product, no matter the inlet flow applied.
Without wishing to be bound by any theory, the inventors are of the opinion that this disks clogging issue could be due to the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by the bacteria which could lead to the obtaining of a gel structure having a lower permeability, an increased water binding, and the formation of a biofilm which can stick to the inner walls of the separating device. It is believed that the lactase addition, at the time of the fermentation step, allows overcoming this clogging issue probably by modifying the metabolism of the bacteria used for the fermentation step impacting then the EPS production (notably in amount and/or in nature).
A smoothing step (e) can also be performed after the separation step (c).
This smoothing step can be carried out by means of a rotor stator mixer such as defined in WO 2007/095969.
This step can be carried out at a temperature (smoothing temperature) of between 30 and 45° C.
Advantageously, the strained fermented dairy product is a refrigerated product, i.e. a product having a storage temperature of between 1 and 10° C., notably between 4 and 8° C.
The method according to the invention can thus comprise after step (c), and notably after step (d) when a smoothing step is performed, an additional step (e) of cooling the strained fermented dairy product to its storage temperature.
It could be envisaged to add to the strained fermented dairy product, after the separation step (c), and notably after step (d) when a smoothing step is performed, and notably after step (e) when a cooling step is performed, additional food additives, such as a cream material and/or a fruit preparation, if necessary.
The cream material can be cream or a mixture of cream and milk. It can have a fat content of from 20 to 50 wt %, in particular from 23 to 40 wt %.
The fruit preparation can be selected from fruits, fruit pieces, fruit puree, fruit compote, fruit sauce, fruit coulis, fruit jam, fruit jelly, fruit juice and mixtures thereof, optionally in a concentrated or dried form, optionally present in a matrix.
For example, the fruit(s) of the fruit-based preparation can be selected from strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, apricot, peach, pear, apple, plum, pineapple, mango, banana, papaya, passion fruit, pomelo, orange, lemon, kiwi, coconut, vanilla and mixtures thereof.
The present invention relates also to the use of a lactase for preventing the clogging of the separating device used in the preparation of a strained fermented dairy product.
The strained fermented dairy product can be as defined previously. In particular, the strained fermented dairy product will have a total protein content comprised between 6 and 16%, notably between 7 and 12%, such as between 8 and 10%. The strained fermented dairy product can be more particularly a refrigerated product, i.e. a product having a storage temperature of between 1 and 10° C., notably between 4 and 8° C.
This strained fermented dairy product is prepared from a fermented dairy product by a separation step, using a separating device. The separating device is advantageously a centrifugal separator. The separation step can be performed notably as defined above for step (c). The separation step can be followed by a cooling step of the strained fermented dairy product to its storage temperature.
The fermented dairy product used to prepare the strained fermented dairy product will have advantageously a total protein content comprised between 2.8 and 4.6%, notably between 3.1 and 4.0%, such as between 3.2 and 3.6%. The fermented dairy product can be prepared from a dairy product, notably as defined in step (a) above. The preparation of the fermented dairy product from the dairy product comprises at least a fermentation step using notably the culture of bacteria defined previously. This fermentation step is advantageously preceded by a heat-treatment step. The fermentation step and the heat-treatment step can be performed as defined previously (see steps (a) and (b)).
The lactase can be any kind of lactase such as:
The lactase and the culture of bacteria can be added simultaneously or separately. Advantageously, the lactase is added before or along with the culture of bacteria. Preferably, the lactase is added before the culture of bacteria, notably 10 to 40 min before the culture of bacteria, in particular 20 to 30 min before the culture of bacteria.
Further details or advantages of the invention might appear in the following non-limitative examples.
A strained fermented dairy composition is prepared with the following dairy mix formulation:
The dairy mix has a fat content of 0.1% by weight and a protein content of about 3.4% by weight.
A strained fermented dairy composition is prepared according to the following procedure:
The strained fermented dairy composition has a protein content of 10.6% and a fat content of 0.3%.
A vanilla flavored product is prepared by mixing 92% by weight of the strained fermented dairy composition of example 1 and 8% by weight of a vanilla flavored slurry comprising a stevia extract as sweetener.
This application filed herewith is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 17/063,570, filed on Oct. 5, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/064,718, filed Jun. 21, 2018, which is an International Application of PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/068368, filed Dec. 22, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/387,391, filed on Dec. 24, 2015, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/387,392, filed on Dec. 24, 2015, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/387,393, filed Dec. 24, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/387,416, filed Dec. 24, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62387392 | Dec 2015 | US | |
| 62387391 | Dec 2015 | US | |
| 62387393 | Dec 2015 | US | |
| 62387416 | Dec 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17063570 | Oct 2020 | US |
| Child | 18654800 | US | |
| Parent | 16064718 | Jun 2018 | US |
| Child | 17063570 | US |
