Patent Application
20080039320
The present invention relates to the use of menadione of the formula I
or one of its plant-compatible acid addition salts for enhancing the activity of agro-chemicals against phytopathogenic fungi.
In particular, the invention relates to active compound combinations comprising, as active components,
1) menadione of the formula I,
and
2) at least one active compound II selected from the following groups:
in a synergistically effective amount;
moreover, the invention relates to a method for controlling harmful fungi using mixtures of menadione with active compounds from groups A) to O), to compositions comprising these mixtures and to the use of menadione for enhancing the fungicidal activity of synthetic fungicides against phytopathogenic fungi.
2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone of the formula I is generally known as menadione or vitamin K3 [cf.: http://www.awt-feedadditives.de/fileadmin/awt/pdf/AWT-Statement-Vitamin_K3_Menadion_.pdf]. It is an established additive for the diet of humans and animals; in the pharmaceutical field, it is known as a synergist for antibiotics and anti-mycotids (WO 00/006143; WO 82/01821), but it is also known as a biocide against the growth of microorganisms (WO 01/028328) and, in crop protection, as a safener (WO 03/105 586). In addition, it has been described as a plant-invigorating agent [cf.: A. A. Borges, H. J. Cools and J. A. Lucas, Plant Pathology Vol. 52 (4), p. 429ff (2003)].
With a view to lowering the application rates of agrochemicals in crop protection and to widening the activity spectrum of the known active compounds, it was an object of the present invention to provide mixtures which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, have improved action against phytopathogenic harmful fungi.
Accordingly, we have found that, although menadione for its part does have no fungicidal action against phytopathogenic fungi, it acts as a synergist for fungicidal agrochemicals. Fungicidal agrochemicals suitable for the purpose of the present invention are in particular the active compounds mentioned above in groups A) to O).
Furthermore, we have found the mixtures defined above. Moreover, we have found that simultaneous joint or separate application of menadione and an active compound II from groups A) to O) or successive application of menadione and an active compound from groups A) to O) allows better control of phytopathogenic harmful fungi than the respective active compounds from group A) to O) on their own (synergistic mixtures).
By mixing menadione with the other fungicidal active compound from groups A) to O) as premix or as tank mix, the application rate of agrochemicals required for achieving the desired fungicidal action can be reduced noticeably.
The mixtures of menadione and at least one active compound from groups A) to O) or the simultaneous joint or separate use of menadione and an active compound from groups A) to O) are/is distinguished by excellent activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from the classes of the Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Oomycetes and Basidiomycetes. They can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, as fungicides for seed dressing and as soil fungicides.
They are particularly important in the control of a multitude of fungi on various cultivated plants, such as bananas, cotton, vegetables (e.g. cucumbers, beans and cucurbits), barley, grass, oats, coffee, potatoes, corn, fruit, rice, rye, soybeans, tomatoes, grape vines, wheat, ornamental plants, sugar cane and a multiplicity of seeds.
They are especially suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
Menadione and active compounds from groups A) to O) can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or successively, the sequence, in the case of separate application, generally not having any effect on the result of the control measures. In the case of separate application, menadione is preferably applied first.
Some of the active compounds defined at the outset are capable of forming salts or adducts with inorganic or organic acids and with metal ions, respectively. The present invention also embraces the use of the salts or adducts in question.
Menadione is preferably used as adduct of plant-compatible acid addition salts. The adducts of menadione x sodium bisulfite, nicotinamide bisulfite and dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite are widely used and represent preferred subject matters in the present invention. In the present invention, the use of menadione×NaHSO3 is particularly preferred.
The active compounds of groups A) to O) mentioned above as component 2, their preparation and their action against phytopathogenic harmful fungi are generally known (cf.: http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/index.html):
Likewise known are the compounds, named according to IUPAC, their preparation and their fungicidal action:
In the definitions of the symbols given for formulae II-A to V, collective terms were used which represent the following substituents:
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, mixtures of menadione with 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine (compound A) are present.
In another embodiment of the invention, mixtures of menadione with at least one compound of the formula II-A are present.
In formula II-A, the following meanings of the substituents, on their own or in combination, are preferred:
Ar is preferably phenyl or a five-membered aromatic heterocycle, in particular a five-membered heteroaryl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two groups R21.
In addition, Ar preferably represents the following groups: phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, furan, thiophene, pyrazole and thiazole. Particularly preferred groups Ar are: 3-pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, 3-furyl, 3-thiophenyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-thiazolyl.
With particular preference, a group R21 is located ortho to the amide grouping.
Preferred groups R21 are halogen, in particular chlorine, alkyl, in particular methyl, and halomethyl, in particular fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl.
Preferred groups R are alkyl groups, in particular branched C3-C8-alkyl groups, especially 4-methylpent-2-yl.
The following compounds of the formula II-A are particularly suitable for the intended use in mixtures with the compound I:
If two groups R21 are present in a formula, these groups can be identical or different.
Particular preference is given to compounds II.A, in particular compounds of the formulae II.A.1 and II.B.1 in which R21 may be identical or different and are methyl or halomethyl and R is alkyl, such as branched C3-C8-alkyl, in particular 4-methylpent-2-yl:
Especially preferred are compounds II.A.11 and II.B.11 which are present in the form of their R- and S-isomers:
In a further embodiment of the invention, mixtures of menadione with at least one oxime ether derivative of the formula III are present.
Among the compounds of the formula III, preference is given to those in which X is a difluoromethoxy group. In addition, particular preference is given to compounds of the formula III in which the index n is zero.
Especially preferred compounds III are in particular the compounds listed in Table III below:
Especially preferred is the compound III-2.
In a further embodiment of the invention, mixtures of menadione with at least one compound of the formula IV are present.
With a view to the intended use of the compounds IV, particular preference is given to the following meanings of the substituents, in each case on their own or in combination:
The groups Rf are preferably located in the 3- or 3,4-position.
The compounds of the formula IV.A listed in Table IV below are particularly suitable for the intended use in mixtures with menadione:
In another embodiment of the invention, mixtures of menadione with at least one compound of the formula V are present.
Preference is given to compounds of the formula V in which R51 is n-propyl or n-butyl, in particular n-propyl.
In addition, particular preference is given to compounds of the formula V in which R53 is iodine or bromine, in particular iodine.
The formula V represents in particular compounds of the formula V.1, V.2 and V.3:
in which the variables are as defined for formula V.
The compound of the formula V.1 in which R51 is n-propyl, R52 is n-propoxy and R53 is iodine is also known under the common name proquinazid (compound V.1-1). Mixtures of menadione and proquinazid are a preferred embodiment of the invention.
In addition, mixtures comprising the compound of the formula I and a compound of the formula V.2 are also a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Especially preferred are the mixtures with the compound I and one of the compounds of the formula V.2 below:
A further preferred embodiment of the invention relates to mixtures of the compound I and one of the following compounds of the formula V.3:
Mixtures of the compound I with compounds V.3-6 or V.3-12, in particular V.3-6, are particularly preferred here.
A further preferred embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention relates to the combination of menadione and strobilurins, such as azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin or trifloxystrobin, in particular azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, pyraclostrobin or trifloxystrobin.
A further preferred embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention relates to the combination of menadione and acylalanines, such as benalaxyl, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace or oxadixyl.
A further preferred embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention relates to the combination of menadione and cinnamides and analogs, such as dimethomorph, flumetover or flumorph.
A further preferred embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention relates to the combination of menadione and heterocylic compounds, such as dithianon, picobenzamid, thiophanate-methyl or triforine.
A further preferred embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention relates to the combination of menadione and sulfur or copper fungicides, such as Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate.
A further preferred embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention relates to the combination of menadione and an active compound selected from the group consisting of captafol, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, benthiavalicarb, chlorothalonil, cyflufenamid, diclofluanid, diethofencarb, ethaboxam, fenhexamid, fluazinam, iprovalicarb, metrafenone and zoxamide.
When preparing the mixtures, it is preferred to employ the pure active compounds I and II, to which further active compounds against harmful fungi or other pests, such as insects, arachnids or nematodes, or else herbicidal or growth-regulating active compounds or fertilizers can be added as further active components according to need.
Usually, mixtures of menadione with an active compound from groups A) to O) are employed. However, in certain cases mixtures of menadione with two or, if appropriate, more active components may be advantageous.
Suitable further active components in the above sense are in particular the active compounds, mentioned at the outset, from groups A) to O) and in particular the preferred active compounds mentioned above.
Menadione and the active compound from groups A) to O) are usually employed in a weight ratio of from 50 000:1 to 1:100, preferably from 20 000:1 to 1:1, in particular from 1000:1 to 1:10.
The further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20 to the active compound from groups A) to O).
Depending on the type of compound and the desired effect, the application rates of the mixtures according to the invention are from 50 g/ha to 5000 g/ha, preferably from 100 to 1500 g/ha, in particular from 150 to 1500 g/ha.
Correspondingly, the application rates for menadione are generally from 50 to 5000 g/ha, preferably from 100 to 2500 g/ha, in particular from 100 to 1500 g/ha.
Correspondingly, the application rates for the active compound from groups A) to O) are generally from 1 to 2000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 900 g/ha, in particular from 40 to 500 g/ha.
In the treatment of seed, application rates of mixture are generally from 1 to 1000 g/100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 to 750 g/100 kg, in particular from 5 to 500 g/100 kg.
The method for controlling harmful fungi is carried out by the separate or joint application of menadione and the active compound II from groups A) to O) or of the mixtures of menadione and the active compound from groups A) to O) by spraying or dusting the seeds, the plants or the soils before or after sowing of the plants or before or after emergence of the plants.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the application of menadione and the active compound II from groups A) to O) is carried out successively; in particular, menadione is applied one to 15 days prior to the application of the active compound from groups A) to O).
The method for enhancing the fungicidal activity of synthetic active compounds is carried out by separate or joint application of menadione and the synthetic active compound pound by spraying or dusting the seeds, the plants or the soils before or after sowing of the plants or before or after emergence of the plants, in the amounts described above.
The mixtures according to the invention, or menadione and the active compound II from groups A) to O), can be converted into the customary formulations, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The use form depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and even distribution of the compound according to the invention.
The formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by extending the active compound with solvents and/or carriers, if desired using emulsifiers and dispersants. Solvents/auxiliaries suitable for this purpose are essentially:
Suitable surfactants used are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Substances which are suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, highly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.
Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the active compounds. The active compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
For the treatment of seed, the formulations in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active compound concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight, in the ready-to-use preparations.
The following are examples of formulations according to the invention:
1. Products for Dilution With Water
A Water-Soluble Concentrates (SL, LS)
10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of water or in a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetters or other auxiliaries are added. The active compound dissolves upon dilution with water. In this way, a formulation having a content of 10% by weight of active compound is obtained.
B Dispersible Concentrates (DC)
20 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. The active compound content is 20% by weight.
C Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)
15 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The formulation has an active compound content of 15% by weight.
D Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
25 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is introduced into 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine (Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The formulation has an active compound content of 25% by weight.
E Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of the active compounds are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound. The active compound content in the formulation is 20% by weight.
F Water-Dispersible Granules and Water-Soluble Granules (WG, SG)
50 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable-dispersion or solution of the active compound. The formulation has an active compound content of 50% by weight.
G Water-Dispersible Powders and Water-Soluble Powders (WP, SP, SS, WS)
75 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetters and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The active compound content of the formulation is 75% by weight.
H Gel Formulations
In a ball mill, 20 parts by weight of the active compounds, 10 parts by weight of dispersant, 1 part by weight of gelling agent and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent are ground to give a fine suspension. On dilution with water, a stable suspension having an active compound content of 20% by weight is obtained.
2. Products to be Applied Undiluted
I Dustable Powders (DP, DS)
5 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable product having an active compound content of 5% by weight.
J Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
0.5 part by weight of the active compounds is ground finely and associated with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted having an active compound content of 0.5% by weight.
K ULV Solutions (UL)
10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of an organic solvent, for example xylene. This gives a product to be applied undiluted having an active compound content of 10% by weight.
For seed treatment, use is usually made of water-soluble concentrates (LS), suspensions (FS), dustable powders (DS), water-dispersible and water-soluble powders (WS, SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gel formulations (GF). These formulations can be applied to the seed in undiluted form or, preferably, diluted. Application can be carried out prior to sowing.
Preference is given to using FS formulations for seed treatment. Usually, such formulations comprise from 1 to 800 g of active compound/l, from 1 to 200 g of surfactants/l, from 0 to 200 g of antifreeze agents/l, from 0 to 400 g of binder/l, from 0 to 200 g of colorants/l and solvents, preferably water.
The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading or pouring. The use forms depend entirely on the intended purposes; they are intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds according to the invention.
Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. However, it is also possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.01 to 1%.
The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), it being possible to apply formulations comprising over 95% by weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.
Oils of various types, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, fungicides, other pesticides, or bactericides may be added to the active compounds, even, if appropriate, not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents may be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably from 1:10 to 10:1.
Suitable adjuvants in this sense are in particular: organically modified polysiloxanes, for example Break Thru S 240®; alcohol alkoxylates, for example Atplus 245®, Atplus MBA 1303®, Plurafac LF 300® and Lutensol ON 30®; EO/PO block polymers, for example Pluronic RPE 2035® and Genapol B®; alcohol ethoxylates, for example Lutensol XP 80®; and sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, for example Leophen RA®.
The compounds I and II or the mixtures or the corresponding formulations are applied by treating the harmful fungi, the plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or spaces to be kept free from them with a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture or, in the case of separate application, of the compounds I and II. Application can be carried out before or after infection by the harmful fungi.
The fungicidal effect of the compound and the mixtures is demonstrated by the following tests:
The active compounds were prepared separately as a stock solution with 0.25% by weight of active compound in acetone or DMSO. 1% by weight of the emulsifier Uniperol® EL (wetting agent having emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) was added to this solution, and the mixture was diluted with water to the desired concentration.
The visually determined percentages of infected leaf areas were converted into efficacies in % of the untreated control:
The efficacy (E) is calculated as follows using Abbot's formula:
E=(1−α/β)·100
α corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the treated plants in % and
β corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the untreated (control) plants in %
An efficacy of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; an efficacy of 100 means that the treated plants were not infected.
The expected efficacies of active compound combinations were determined using Colby's formula (Colby, S. R. “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”, Weeds, 15, 20-22, 1967) and compared with the observed efficacies.
Colby's formula:
E=x+y−x·y/100
E expected efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the mixture of the active compounds A and B at the concentrations a and b
x efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the active compound A at the concentration a
y efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the active compound B at the concentration b
Leaves of potted rice seedlings of the cultivar “Tai-Nong 67” were treated to runoff point with aqueous suspensions of menadione and, after 6 days, of pyraclostrobin, which suspensions had the active compound concentrations stated below. One day after the last treatment, the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae. The test plants were then placed in humid chambers at 22 to 24° C. and 95 to 99% relative atmospheric humidity for 6 days. The extent of the development of the infection on the leaves was then determined visually.
Wheat seedlings of the cultivar “Kanzler” in pots having a diameter of 8 cm were initially watered with 2 ml of an aqueous suspension comprising 71 mg of menadione and, 6 days later, sprayed to runoff point with a further active compound having the active compound concentration stated below. The next day, the plants were inoculated with a spore suspension of brown rust of wheat (Puccinia recondita). The plants were then placed in a chamber with high atmospheric humidity (90 to 95%) at 20 to 22° C. for 24 hours. During this time, the spores germinated and the germ tubes penetrated into the leaf tissue. The next day, the test plants were returned to the greenhouse and cultivated at temperatures between 20 and 22° C. and 65 to 70% relative atmospheric humidity for a further 7 days. The extent of the rust fungus development on the leaves was then determined visually.
*5-Chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
**Amount applied to the plant: about 0.5 ml of active compound solution
Leaves of potted barley seedlings were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the concentration of active compound stated below. After 6 days, the test plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Pyrenophora [syn. Drechslera] teres, the net blotch pathogen. The test plants were then placed in a greenhouse at temperatures between 20 and 24° C. and 95 to 100% relative atmospheric humidity. After 6 days, the extent of the development of the disease was determined visually in % infection of the total leaf area.
Leaves of potted wheat seedlings of the cultivar “Kanzler” were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the concentration of active compound stated below. After six days, the treated plants were inoculated with a spore suspension of brown rust of wheat (Puccinia recondite). The plants were then placed in a chamber of high atmospheric humidity (90 to 95%) at 20 to 22° C. for 24 hours. During this time, the spores germinated and the germ tubes penetrated into the leaf tissue. The next day, the test plants were returned to the greenhouse and cultivated at temperatures between 20 and 22° C. and at 65 to 70% relative atmospheric humidity for a further 7 days. The extent of the rust fungus development on the leaves was then determined visually.
Leaves of potted tomato plants were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the concentration of active compound stated below. After 6 days, the leaves were infected with an aqueous sporangia suspension of Phytophthora infestans. The plants were then placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures between 18 and 20° C. After 6 days, the late blight on the untreated but infected control plants had developed to such an extent that the infection could be determined visually in %.
Leaves of potted wheat seedlings of the cultivar “Kanzler” were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the concentration of active compound stated below. The suspension or emulsion had been prepared as described above. 6 days after the application of the active compound, the plants were dusted with spores of mildew of wheat (Erysiphe [syn. Blumeria] graminis forma specialis. tritici). The test plants were then placed in a greenhouse at temperatures between 20 and 24° C. and at 60 to 90% relative atmospheric humidity. After 7 days, the extent of the mildew development was determined visually in % infection of the total leaf area.
The test results show that, by virtue of the strong synergism, the combinations according to the invention are considerably more active than had been predicted using Colby's formula.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102004057279.8 | Nov 2004 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP05/12562 | 11/24/2005 | WO | 5/23/2007 |
