Patent Application
20200091841
This application claims priority to European Patent Application No. 18275144.6 filed Sep. 18, 2018, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a method and system for monitoring the health of an electric actuator.
The examples described herein aim to provide an improved method for monitoring the health of an actuator.
U.S. Pat. No. 10/003,287 b2 describes a system for diagnosing permanent magnet motor degradation and damage. The system comprises a permanent magnet motor, a motor drive and a controller. The controller is configured to determine a magnetic flux value using a calculation based upon motor voltage information and motor current information. The controller is also configured to evaluate an elevated temperature error condition of one or more of a plurality of permanent magnets based upon the magnetic flux value and a magnetic flux threshold.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,985,564 B2 describes a system for estimating flux linkage in an electric motor. The system comprises a flux estimation module that generates estimated flux linkages based on a back electromagnetic force and estimated velocity of the electric motor. The flux linkage curves are then used to control the motor.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,692,339 B2 describes a method and system for estimating differential inductances in an electric machine.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,137,257 describes a method for monitoring the position of a switched reluctance motor having phase windings which are energized by a controller. A flux linkage associated with the active phase winding is established based at least in part on the current indicative signal and the voltage indicative signal. A position of the motor is then estimated based at least in part on the current indicative signal and the established flux linkage.
A method for monitoring the health of an actuator is described herein, the actuator comprising a permanent magnet motor, a rotor and a stator; the method for monitoring comprising: providing a flux linkage reference map comprising a) a nominal flux linkage map, having a plurality of nominal flux linkage curves of the motor, each of the nominal flux linkage curves being defined as defining a healthy condition of the actuator, and b) upper and lower tolerance limits of each of the nominal flux linkage curves, the range between the upper and lower limits being defined as a healthy condition of the actuator, and the method of monitoring the health of the actuator further comprising determining whether or not said actuator is healthy by generating a first flux linkage curve of the motor that is to be monitored and determining whether or not the generated first flux linkage curve to be monitored is between the defined upper and lower limits of the flux linkage reference map.
In some of the examples described herein, the flux linkage reference map may be generated by, when the actuator is known to be healthy, calculating a plurality of the nominal flux linkage curves of the motor, each of the nominal flux linkage curves corresponding to a different rotor position, and creating the nominal flux linkage map of the nominal flux linkage curves; and generating the flux linkage reference map by calculating tolerances on each of the nominal flux linkage curves of the nominal flux linkage map and, based on the tolerances, calculating the upper and lower limits of each nominal flux linkage curve between which the healthy condition of the actuator is defined, and adding the upper and lower limits into said nominal flux linkage map to create said flux linkage reference map.
In some of the examples described herein, the generated flux linkage curve to be monitored is calculated for the motor under load.
In some of the examples described herein, the generated flux linkage curve to be monitored is calculated for the motor under thermal conditions.
In some of the examples described herein, if the generated flux linkage curve to be monitored is determined as not being between the defined upper and lower limits of the reference flux linkage map for a given working condition, a warning is generated.
In some of the examples described herein, the tolerances may be calculated based on at least one condition.
In some of the examples described herein, the at least one condition may comprise a manufacturing tolerance or tolerances.
In some of the examples described herein, the at least one condition may comprise a material tolerance or tolerances of the actuator.
In some of the examples described herein, the at least one condition may comprise an environmental condition or conditions of the motor.
In some of the examples described herein, the plurality of nominal flux linkage curves may be calculated for different current levels at the different rotor positions.
In some of the examples described herein the defined upper and lower limits may provide a range outside of which a warning is raised.
In some of the examples described herein, the nominal and/or reference flux linkage maps may be loaded into motor drive/power drive electronics.
In some of the examples described herein, when the generated flux linkage curve to be monitored is within the defined upper and lower limits of the reference map for a given working condition, no warning is generated and the method step of generating a flux linkage curve to be monitored and determining whether or not the generated flux linkage curve is between the defined upper and lower limits of the flux linkage reference map is repeated.
A system configured to monitor the health of an actuator, the system comprising: an actuator having a permanent magnet motor, a rotor and a stator, the system further comprising a controller configured to perform any of the methods described herein. In some examples, the controller may be used for motor control and the method may be integrated into the same control chip or a different platform.
The subject matter of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. A more complete understanding of the present disclosure, however, may best be obtained by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements.
The examples described herein relate to a method for monitoring the health of an electric actuator and a system that is configured to perform the method of monitoring the health of an electric actuator. In some examples, the method can be performed on an electrical actuator. This may be an electromechanical actuator or an electro-hydrostatic actuator. In the case wherein an electromechanical actuator is used, the system that is being monitored may consist of a motor driving a gear box and a screw (in the case of a geared actuator), or a motor driving directly a screw (in the case of a direct drive actuator). For an electro-hydrostatic actuator, a motor drives a hydraulic pump.
The methods described herein can be performed on a used component, or they can also be performed on a brand new component. The reference map must be created based on a component that is known to be healthy. Performing the method on a brand new component may be useful in the situation wherein there is a premature failure with a component, as this method would be able to detect that failure.
In the examples described herein, the actuator comprises an electric permanent magnet motor, comprising a permanent magnet, a rotor and a stator. The actuator also comprises other components, as is known in the art, such as a gear box, screw etc.
For reference, an example of an electromechanical actuator (ema) 500 is depicted in
In the method described herein, flux linkage maps are generated from the motor and used to monitor the health of the actuator. A flux linkage map is specific and unique to each electrical motor. Due to this, they can be used to check and monitor the health of the actuator, since its flux linkage curves will be displaced when the actuator becomes unhealthy.
For example the graph or flux linkage map shown in
Over time, it is expected that each of the curves shown in the graph of
In some examples, the method and system may be configured to use a resolver and a sensor or sensors to perform the method described herein. The method 100 is a method of prognostic health monitoring of an actuator of an electric motor achieved via the following steps which are outlined in
In summary, the steps of the method comprise the following: 1) define the curve which constitutes the map for the nominal condition and for different currents, 2) define the potential movement of the curve, i.e. Define the possible tolerances that can be accepted for the curves based on mechanical manufacturing tolerances, material tolerances and the different environmental conditions, so that each point of the each curve will have a positive and a negative limit which should not be exceeded, 3) once these limits are defined, new points are generated on the curve, to which measurements will be compared using a look-up or reference table, 4) if a point is found to be within these limits then it means that the actuator is healthy and so nothing further needs to be done. If this is not the case, and the points are outside the healthy range then an alarm for maintenance may be raised. The method will now be described in greater detail.
When the actuator is known to be healthy 102, the method and system may be configured to measure the voltage at a given position or positions of the rotor and for given currents. The system is further configured to use this data to calculate a plurality of the nominal flux linkage curves for these different rotor positions, which are shown in a nominal flux linkage map in
The system may be further configured to use this nominal flux linkage map as a basis upon which a reference flux linkage map may be created, this reference flux linkage map being the map which is later used as a reference to determine if the actuator is healthy or not.
The system and method therefore involves calculating tolerances on each curve of the nominal flux linkage map. These tolerances may be based on conditions such as defined manufacturing and material tolerances and environmental conditions 104. The tolerances may also be based on other conditions. These tolerances may then be used to calculate/generate upper and lower limits for each nominal flux linkage curve in the nominal flux linkage map. These upper and lower limits define a range within which the actuator is indicated as being in a healthy condition. These upper and lower limits are loaded into and combined with the nominal flux linkage reference map that has already been calculated under the nominal condition (as described above) to create the reference flux linkage map.
These new upper and lower limits of the reference map may be described as defining the lower and upper limits between which a healthy condition of the actuator can be defined and represented. Therefore, in order to monitor the health of the actuator, once the reference map has been created, a flux linkage curve that is generated from the motor can be compared against this reference map to determine if the actuator is still within the healthy condition range.
In some systems and methods, a warning can be given if the health is not within the determined healthy range. This is because, once these tolerances on the curves have been defined in the reference map, the boundaries beyond which a potential maintenance flag may be raised are well defined. As shown in
In some examples, the motor drive may contain power/motor drive electronics and the system may be further configured to load the flux linkage map or maps into the power/motor drive electronics at step 108. That is, the power/motor drive electronics can be used as a means for implementing the methods for monitoring described herein.
At step 110, the health of the actuator is monitored by calculating the flux linkages for the motor under load and thermal conditions and comparing these to the reference map (and specifically the range between the upper and lower limits) to determine whether or not the actuator is healthy.
This comparison is made using a processor and logic, which calculate the actual flux linkage value. This should be compared to values that are calculated for exactly the same condition of current (load) and temperature that have been uploaded into the memory as a look-up table.
Since the load is directly linked to the current magnitude, under different loads and currents, different flux linkage values will be calculated. Therefore, in order to check whether the flux linkage value is within the expected value range, knowledge of the current is required. In addition to this, under different thermal conditions, the flux linkage value will also change slightly, again resulting in a different flux linkage value. In summary, in order to check the health of the actuator and to ensure that the flux linkage value is correct as expected or not, the current and temperature must be known.
The system and method therefore determines whether or not the generated curve is within the defined range for a given working condition 112.
If the system determines that, yes, the generated curve is within the defined range (or calculated curve) for a given working condition, the system does not do anything further 114 and the method may be repeated.
On the other hand, if the system determines that, no, the generated curve is not within the defined range (or calculated curve) for a given working condition, the system is configured to generate a flag warning into a maintenance computer 116. In some examples, this may instigate the continued monitoring of the motor health and the method 100 may then repeat itself.
In some examples, an existing current sensor and temperature sensor (that may already be used to control the motor) may be used to feed data into an algorithm that is used by the system to calculate flux linkage maps. The current sensor will give the information regarding current level and the temperature sensor will allow the definition of the environmental conditions. Both of these inputs will define the location of the reference point for comparison.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18275144.6 | Sep 2018 | EP | regional |
