Patent Application
20060018080
This invention relates to moisture sealing of electronic devices and, more particularly, to coating a capacitor element with a moisture resistant material layer.
Aircraft and other equipment utilize capacitors in avionics, power converters, electric/electronic motor controllers and other applications. Capacitors are used for electrical energy storage, waveform shaping, electromagnetic interference, lightning protection and other similar functions. Increased use of electronic devices in avionics and other applications, such as in electronic motor controllers in place of previously used hydraulic, pneumatic, or other power sources, increases the number and size of capacitors used in these applications.
Aircraft and other equipment that are exposed to ambient unprotected weather conditions and/or to high humidity environments in normal operation or storage require that exposure to moisture not affect the operation, life, maintenance cost, or reliability of associated electronic equipment.
Certain equipment that utilizes capacitors, as an example aircraft, perform their intended functions more successfully if size and weight are minimized. Many capacitive elements, such as those constructed of wound elements of metallized polymer film, will degrade and fail due to corrosion or other moisture-related processes if exposed to high levels of moisture or low levels of moisture for significant periods of time.
Conventional capacitors such as those used for aerospace, industrial, and automotive applications commonly utilize either a plastic or metal case which surrounds the actual capacitive element to provide moisture protection for applications where moisture protection is required. However, the plastic and metal cases used for this purpose may exhibit inadequate moisture protection and add significantly to the cost, size and weight of these conventional capacitors.
Complete electronic units such as a circuit board may be sealed against moisture by structural design or through the application of a coating to the entire electronic unit. These designs, coatings, and related processes, however, may interfere with cooling airflow, repair and maintenance activity, and other operational requirements. Additionally, the designs and coating may increase the cost, size, and/or weight of the electronic unit.
Accordingly, a compact, lightweight, and inexpensive capacitor that provides resistance to gas and moisture infiltration is needed.
The electric device according to the present invention provides an electric element, such as a wound film capacitor, with power input and output leads. The electric element includes a coating layer of poly-para-xylylene, generically known as parylene. The coating layer provides moisture resistance and low gas and moisture permeability to protect the electric element from short and long-term moisture degradation effects. The coating layer is between about 0.0003 inches and about 0.3 inches thick.
A known case layer is located adjacent to the coating layer. The case layer is a metal, epoxy-based, silicone-based, or polymer material that encapsulates the coating layer and the electric element to protect the coating layer and electric element from physical damage. Since the coating layer provides gas and moisture resistance, a thinner, lighter, less expensive or unsealed case layer may be utilized than would be used in prior art electric devices without a coating layer.
The electric device of the present invention therefore provides a compact, light weight, and inexpensive capacitor that resists moisture infiltration.
The various features and advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the currently preferred embodiment. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows.
The coating layer 16 is a polymer, preferably poly-para-xylylene. Poly-para-xylylene is also known generically as “Parylene” which is a polymer series developed by Union Carbide. The term “Parylene” describes vapor deposited poly-para-xylylene polymers without referring to any particular chemical formulas or manufacturers for any particular polymers of this chemical family. Parylene generally exhibits fine moisture resistance and low gas and moisture permeability and thus provides a protective barrier for the electric element 12 against gas and moisture. The coating layer 16 of parylene preferably encapsulates the electric element 12 to provide an essentially hermetic seal surrounding the electric element 12 such that minimal gas and moisture penetrates through the coating layer 16 of parylene.
A vapor deposition process or other known deposition process may be used to deposit the coating layer 16. A portion 18 of the electric element 12 or electric leads 14 may be masked during the deposition process to prevent deposition of the coating layer 16 on the portion 18 or electric leads 14. The electric leads 14 are attached to the portion 18 of the electric element 12 subsequent or prior to the deposition process. Preferably however, the electric leads 14 are attached to the electric element 12 prior to the deposition process for satisfactory gas and moisture sealing.
The coating layer 16 is between about 0.0003 inches and about 0.3 inches thick, however, a thickness between about 0.001 inches and about 0.004 inches is preferred. A larger thickness in the range generally allows less gas and moisture to penetrate relative to smaller thicknesses in the range. Increasing the thickness, however, increases the weight of the electric device 10.
The electric device 10 includes a known case layer 20 located adjacent to the coating layer 16. The case layer 20 is a metal or polymeric material, and preferably is an epoxy-based, silicone-based, thermoplastic, or other polymer material. The case layer 20 provides mechanical toughness and durability. In some examples, because the inventive coating layer 16 provides gas and moisture resistance, a thinner case layer 20 may be utilized than would be used conventionally. Moreover, if metal is utilized for the case layer 20, conventional gas and moisture-sealing features used to resist moisture incursion, such as hermetic seals for the case or capacitor leads, may be eliminated. Utilizing a thinner case layer 20 therefore reduces the size, weight and expense of the electric device 10. Moreover, the case thickness and moisture-sealing features may be reduced or eliminated.
The case layer 20 may be deposited or formed adjacent to the coating layer 16 in a potting process, as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Alternatively, the case layer may be formed adjacent to the coating layer 16 by dipping the coating layer 16 and the electric element in liquid polymer and then curing or hardening the liquid polymer. The case layer 20 preferably encapsulates the coating layer 16 and the electric element 12 to protect the coating layer 16 and electric element 12 from physical damage such as might occur during handling or operation.
The electric device of the present invention therefore provides a compact, lightweight capacitor that resists gas and moisture infiltration. Furthermore, the electric device may eliminate expensive or heavy hermetic seal features and thick encapsulants.
Although a preferred embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.
