Patent Application
20140134016
This invention relates generally to the field of electric motors, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to improved magnet wire for use in high-temperature downhole pumping applications.
Electrodynamic systems such as electric motors, generators, and alternators typically include a stator and a rotor. The stator typically has a metallic core with electrically insulated wire winding through the metallic core to form the stator coil. When current is alternately passed through a series of coils, magnetic flux fields are formed, which cause the rotor to rotate in accordance with electromagnetic physics. To wind the stator coil, the wire is first threaded through the stator core in one direction, and then turned and threaded back through the stator in the opposite direction until the entire stator coil is wound. Each time the wire is turned to run back through the stator, an end turn is produced. A typical motor will have many such end turns upon completion.
Electrical submersible pumping systems include specialized electric motors that are used to power one or more high performance pump assemblies. The motor is typically an oil-filled, high capacity electric motor that can vary in length from a few feet to nearly fifty feet, and may be rated up to hundreds of horsepower. The electrical submersible pumping systems are often subjected to high-temperature, corrosive environments. Each component within the electrical submersible pump must be designed and manufactured to withstand these hostile conditions.
In the past, motor manufacturers have used various insulating materials on the magnet wire used to wind the stator. Commonly used insulation includes polyether ether ketone (PEEK) thermoplastics and polyimide films. Insulating the conductor in the magnet wire prevents the electrical circuit from shorting or otherwise prematurely failing. The insulating material is typically extruded or sprayed onto the underlying copper conductor. In recent years, manufacturers have used insulating materials that are resistant to heat, mechanical wear and chemical exposure.
Although widely accepted, current insulation materials may be inadequate for certain high-temperature downhole applications. In particular, motors employed in downhole applications where modern steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) recovery methods are employed, the motor may be subjected to elevated temperatures. Extruded insulation material often suffers from variations in thickness, eccentricity and contamination as a result of the extrusion process. Prior film-based insulation requires the use of adhesive layers between the conductor and layers of film, which often has lower temperature performance than the film. There is, therefore, a need for an improved magnet wire that exhibits enhanced resistance to heat, corrosive chemicals, mechanical wear and other aggravating factors. It is to this and other deficiencies in the prior art that the present invention is directed.
In preferred embodiments, the present invention includes an electrical submersible pumping system configured for operation in high-temperature applications. The electrical submersible pumping system includes a pump assembly and a motor assembly. The motor assembly includes a plurality of stator coils and each of the plurality of stator coils comprises magnet wire. The magnet wire has an insulator surrounding a conductor and the insulator is manufactured from a polyether ether ketone film.
In another aspect, the preferred embodiments provide a method for manufacturing a motor assembly for use in an electrical submersible pumping system, wherein the motor assembly includes a stator and a rotor. The method includes the steps of first providing an insulator film comprised of a polyether ether ketone polymer. The method calls secondly for the wrapping of the insulator film around an electrical conductor to form magnet wire. Next, the method continues by heating the magnet wire to the melting point of the insulator film to seal the film around the magnet wire. Lastly, the method includes the step of placing the magnet wire through the stator to produce motor windings.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
As used herein, the term “petroleum” refers broadly to all mineral hydrocarbons, such as crude oil, gas and combinations of oil and gas. The production tubing 102 connects the pumping system 100 to a wellhead 106 located on the surface. Although the pumping system 100 is primarily designed to pump petroleum products, it will be understood that the present invention can also be used to move other fluids. It will also be understood that, although each of the components of the pumping system 100 are primarily disclosed in a submersible application, some or all of these components can also be used in surface pumping operations.
The pumping system 100 preferably includes some combination of a pump assembly 108, a motor assembly 110 and a seal section 112. In a preferred embodiment, the motor assembly 110 is an electrical motor that receives its power from a surface-based supply. The motor assembly 110 converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy, which is transmitted to the pump assembly 108 by one or more shafts. The pump assembly 108 then transfers a portion of this mechanical energy to fluids within the wellbore, causing the wellbore fluids to move through the production tubing to the surface. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pump assembly 108 is a turbomachine that uses one or more impellers and diffusers to convert mechanical energy into pressure head. In an alternative embodiment, the pump assembly 108 is a progressive cavity (PC) or positive displacement pump that moves wellbore fluids with one or more screws or pistons.
The seal section 112 shields the motor assembly 110 from mechanical thrust produced by the pump assembly 108. The seal section 112 is also preferably configured to prevent the introduction of contaminants from the wellbore 104 into the motor assembly 110. Although only one pump assembly 108, seal section 112 and motor assembly 110 are shown, it will be understood that the downhole pumping system 100 could include additional pumps assemblies 108, seals sections 112 or motor assemblies 110.
Referring now to
The stator core 126 includes multiple stator slots. Each stator coil is preferably created by winding a magnet wire 128 back and forth though slots in the stator core 126. Each time the magnet wire 128 is turned 180° to be threaded back through an opposing slot, an end turn (not shown in
Electricity flowing through the stator 122 according to different commutation states creates a rotating magnetic field, which acts upon rotor bars (not shown) and causes the rotor 124 to rotate. This, in turn, rotates the shaft 120. The phases in a motor assembly 110 are created by sequentially energizing adjacent stator coils, thus creating the rotating magnetic field. Motors can be designed to have different numbers of phases and different numbers of poles. In a preferred embodiment, an ESP motor is a two pole, three phase motor in which each phase is offset by 120°. It will be understood, however, that the method of the preferred embodiment will find utility in motors with different structural and functional configurations or characteristics.
Turning to
In a first preferred embodiment, the insulator 132 is a high quality polyether ether ketone (PEEK) film. Suitable PEEK film is available from Victrex Manufacturing Limited, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom, under the APTIV brand of products. The selected insulator 132 is preferably melt processable, has a relative thermal index (RTI) rating (as established by UL 746B) of about 220° C. and provides excellent chemical and radiation resistance. Furthermore, the selected insulator should also exhibit very good mechanical properties at about 220° C.
Turning to
In both cases, the use of a melt-processable film insulator 132 permits the omission of an adhesive between the insulator 132 and conductor 130. In presently preferred embodiments, the insulator 132 is directly applied to the conductor 130 and then sealed through application of heat to the insulator 132. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the insulator 132 is wrapped around the conductor 130 and then heated to the polymer melting point. Pressure is then applied to bring the molten polymer insulator 132 into full contact with the conductor 130. Heat and pressure can be applied through the combined use of heated anvils or rollers, ultrasonic equipment or lasers. A presently preferred sealing process includes heating the insulator film 132 to about 340-350° C., applying about 4 bar pressure to the molten insulator 132 for between 2-10 seconds, and cool while under pressure to below the glass transition temperature of the polymer.
It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and functions of various embodiments of the invention, this disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of structure and arrangement of parts within the principles of the present invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the teachings of the present invention can be applied to other systems without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
