Patent Application
20230172204
The present invention relates the use of strobilurin type compounds of formula I and the N-oxides and the salts thereof for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein (also referred to as F129L mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene) conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors (QoI), and to methods for combating such fungi. The invention also relates to novel compounds, processes for preparing these compounds, to compositions comprising at least one such compound, to plant health applications, and to seeds coated with at least one such compound. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling soybean rust fungi (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) with the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein.
“Qo inhibitor,” as used herein, includes any substance that is capable of diminishing and/or inhibiting respiration by binding to a ubihydroquinone oxidation center of a cytochrome bc1 complex in mitochondria. The oxidation center is typically located on the outer side of the inner mitochrondrial membrane. Many of these compounds are also known as strobilurin-type or strobilurin analogue compounds.
The mutation F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYTB) gene shall mean any substitution of nucleotides of codon 129 encoding “F” (phenylalanine; e.g. TTT or TTC) that leads to a codon encoding “L” (leucine; e.g. TTA, TTG, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA or CTG), for example the substitution of the first nucleotide of codon 129 ‘T’ to ‘C’ (TTT to CTT), in the CYTB (cytochrome b) gene resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the position 129 from F to L in the cytochrome b protein. Such F129L mutation is known to confer resistance to Qo inhibitors.
QoI fungicides, often referred to as strobilurin-type fungicides (Sauter 2007: Chapter 13.2. Strobilurins and other complex III inhibitors. In: Kramer, W.; Schirmer, U. (Ed.)—Modern Crop Protection Compounds. Volume 2. Wiley-VCH Verlag 457-495), are conventionally used to control a number of fungal pathogens in crops. Qo inhibitors typically work by inhibiting respiration by binding to a ubihydroquinone oxidation center of a cytochrome bc1 complex (electron transport complex III) in mitochondria. Said oxidation center is located on the outer side of the inner mitochrondrial membrane. A prime example of the use of QoIs includes the use of, for example, strobilurins on wheat for the control of Septoria tritici (also known as Mycosphaerella graminicola), which is the cause of wheat leaf blotch. Unfortunately, widespread use of such QoIs has resulted in the selection of mutant pathogens which are resistant to such QoIs (Gisi et al., Pest Manag Sci 56, 833-841, (2000)). Resistance to QoIs has been detected in several phytopathogenic fungi such as Blumeria graminis, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Pseudoperonspora cubensis or Venturia inaequalis. The major part of resistance to QoIs in agricultural uses has been attributed to pathogens containing a single amino acid residue substitution G143A in the cytochrome b gene for their cytochrome bc1 complex, the target protein of QoIs which have been found to be controlled by specific QoIs (WO 2013/092224). Despite several commercial QoI fungicides have also been widely used in soybean rust control, the single amino acid residue substitution G143A in the cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to QoI fungicides was not observed.
Instead soybean rust acquired a different genetic mutation in the cytochrome b gene causing a single amino acid substitution F129L which also confers resistance against QoI fungicides. The efficacy of QoI fungicides used against soybean rust conventionally, i.e. pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, orysastrobin, dimoxystrobin and metominostrobin, has decreased to a level with practical problems for agricultural practice (e.g. Klosowski et al (2016) Pest Manag Sci 72, 1211-1215).
Although it seems that trifloxystrobin was less affected by the F129L amino acid substitution to the same degree as other QoI fungicides such as azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin was never as efficacious on a fungal population bearing the F129L QoI resistance mutation as on a sensitive population (Crop Protection 27, (2008) 427-435).
WO 2017/157923 discloses the use of the tetrazole compound 1-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methylphenyl]-4-methyltetrazol-5-one for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing said F129L amino acid substitution.
Thus, new methods are desirable for controlling pathogen induced diseases in crops comprising plants subjected to pathogens containing a F129L amino acid substitution in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors. Furthermore, in many cases, in particular at low application rates, the fungicidal activity of the known fungicidal strobilurin compounds is unsatisfactory, especially in case that a high proportion of the fungal pathogens contain a mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors. Besides there is an ongoing need for new fungicidally active compounds which are more effective, less toxic and/or environmentally safer. Based on this, it was also an object of the present invention to provide compounds having improved activity and/or a broader activity spectrum against phytopathogenic fungi and/or even further reduced toxicity against non target organisms such as vertebrates and invertebrates.
The strobilurin-analogue compounds used to combat phytopathogenic fungi containing a F129L amino acid substitution in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors according to the present invention differ from trifloxystrobin inter alia by containing a specific group attached to the central phenyl ring in ortho position to the side chain defined herein as R3.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula I
wherein
The mutation F129L in the cytochrome b (cytb, also referred to as cob) gene shall mean any substitution of nucleotides of codon 129 encoding “F” (phenylalanine; e.g. TTT or TTC) that leads to a codon encoding “L” (leucine; e.g. TTA, TTG, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA or CTG), for example the substitution of the first nucleotide of codon 129 ‘T’ to ‘C’ (TTT to CTT), in the cytochrome b gene resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the position 129 from F (phenylalanine) to L (leucine) (F129L) in the cytochrome b protein (Cytb). In the present invention, the mutation F129L in the cytochrome b gene shall be understood to be a single amino acid substitution in the position 129 from F (phenylalanine) to L (leucine) (F129L) in the cytochrome b protein.
Many other phytopathogenic fungi acquired the F129L mutation in the cytochrome b gene conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors, such as rusts, in particular soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibromiae) as well as fungi from the genera Alternaria, Pyrenophora and Rhizoctonia.
Preferred fungal species are Alternaria solani, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibromiae, Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Rhizoctonia solani; in particular Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to the method of protecting plants susceptible to and/or under attack by phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors, which method comprises applying to said plants, treating plant propagation material of said plants with, and/or applying to said phytopathogenic fungi, at least one compound of formula I or a composition comprising at least one compound of formula I.
According to another embodiment, the method for combating phytopathogenic fungi, comprises: a) identifying the phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors, or the materials, plants, the soil or seeds that are at risk of being diseased from phytopathogenic fungi as defined herein, and b) treating said fungi or the materials, plants, the soil or plant propagation material with an effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a composition comprising it thereof.
The term “phytopathogenic fungi an amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors” is to be understood that at least 10% of the fungal isolates to be controlled contain a such F129L substitution in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at at least 75% of the fungi, most preferably between 90 and 100%; in particular between 95 and 100%.
Although the present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments, this description is not to be construed in a limiting sense.
Before describing in detail exemplary embodiments of the present invention, definitions important for understanding the present invention are given. As used in this specification and in the appended claims, the singular forms of “a” and “an” also include the respective plurals unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the context of the present invention, the terms “about” and “approximately” denote an interval of accuracy that a person skilled in the art will understand to still ensure the technical effect of the feature in question. The term typically indicates a deviation from the indicated numerical value of ±20%, preferably ±15%, more preferably ±10%, and even more preferably ±5%. It is to be understood that the term “comprising” is not limiting. For the purposes of the present invention the term “consisting of” is considered to be a preferred embodiment of the term “comprising of”.
Unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions are set forth to illustrate and define the meaning and scope of the various terms used to describe the invention herein and the appended claims. These definitions should not be interpreted in the literal sense as they are not intended to be general definitions and are relevant only for this application.
The term “compounds I” refers to compounds of formula I. Likewise, this terminology applies to all sub-formulae, e. g. “compounds I.2” refers to compounds of formula I.2 or “compounds V” refers to compounds of formula V, etc.
The term “independently” when used in the context of selection of substituents for a variable, it means that where more than one substituent is selected from a number of possible substituents, those substituents may be the same or different.
The organic moieties or groups mentioned in the above definitions of the variables are collective terms for individual listings of the individual group members. The term “Cv-Cw” indicates the number of carbon atom possible in each case.
The term “halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The term “C1-C4-alkyl” refers to a straight-chained or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example, methyl (CH3), ethyl (C2H5), propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl), butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl.
The term “C2-C4-alkenyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a double bond in any position such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl.
The term “C2-C4-alkynyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one triple bond such as ethynyl, prop-1-ynyl, prop-2-ynyl, but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, 1-methyl-prop-2-ynyl.
The term “C1-C4-haloalkyl” refers to a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms wherein some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups may be replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above, for example chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl and pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 2,3-difluoropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 2-bromopropyl, 3-bromopropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropyl, CH2—C2F5, CF2—C2F5, CF(CF3)2, 1-(fluoromethyl)-2-fluoroethyl, 1-(chloromethyl)-2-chloroethyl, 1-(bromomethyl)-2-bromoethyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 4-bromobutyl or nonafluorobutyl.
The term “monohalo-ethenyl” refers to an ethenyl wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom, e.g. 1-chloroethenyl, 1-bromoethenyl, 1-fluoroethenyl, 2-fluoroethenyl. Likewise, dihalo-ethenyl” refers to an ethenyl wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
The term “—O—C1-C4-alkyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which is bonded via an oxygen, at any position in the alkyl group, e.g. OCH3, OCH2CH3, O(CH2)2CH3, 1-methylethoxy, O(CH2)3CH3, 1-methyl¬propoxy, 2-methylpropoxy or 1,1-dimethylethoxy.
The term “C3-C6-cycloalkyl” refers to monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon radicals having 3 to 6 carbon ring members, such as cyclopropyl (C3H5), cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. The term “C3-C6-cycloalkenyl” refers to monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon radicals having 3 to 6 carbon ring members and one or more double bonds.
The term “3- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl” refers to 3- to 6-membered monocyclic saturated ring system having besides carbon atoms one or more heteroatoms, such as O, N, S as ring members. The term “C3-C6-membered heterocycloalkenyl” refers to 3- to 6-membered monocyclic ring system having besides carbon atoms one or more heteroatoms, such as O, N and S as ring members, and one or more double bonds.
The term “—C1-C4-alkyl-C3-C6-cycloalkyl” refers to alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (as defined above), wherein one hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a cycloalkyl radical having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
The term “phenyl” refers to C6H5.
The term “5- or 6-membered heteroaryl” which contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S, is to be understood as meaning aromatic heterocycles having 5 or 6 ring atoms. Examples include:
The term “C1-C2-alkylene linker” means a divalent alkyl group such as —CH2— or —CH2—CH2— that is bound at one end to the core structure of formula I and at the other end to the particular substituent.
As used herein, the “compounds”, in particular “compounds I” include all the stereoisomeric and tautomeric forms and mixtures thereof in all ratios, prodrugs, isotopic forms, their agriculturally acceptable salts, N-oxides and S-oxides thereof.
The term “stereoisomer” is a general term used for all isomers of individual compounds that differ only in the orientation of their atoms in space. The term stereoisomer includes mirror image isomers (enantiomers), mixtures of mirror image isomers (racemates, racemic mixtures), geometric (cis/trans or E/Z) isomers, and isomers of compounds with more than one chiral center that are not mirror images of one another (diastereoisomers). The term “tautomer” refers to the coexistence of two (or more) compounds that differ from each other only in the position of one (or more) mobile atoms and in electron distribution, for example, keto-enol tautomers. The term “agriculturally acceptable salts” as used herein, includes salts of the active compounds which are prepared with acids or bases, depending on the particular substituents found on the compounds described herein. “N-oxide” refers to the oxide of the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl or heterocycle. N-oxide can be formed in the presence of an oxidizing agent for example peroxide such as m-chloro-perbenzoic acid or hydrogen peroxide. N-oxide refers to an amine oxide, also known as amine-N-oxide, and is a chemical compound that contains N→O bond.
In respect of the variables, the embodiments of the intermediates correspond to the embodiments of the compounds I.
Preference is given to those compounds I and where applicable also to compounds of all sub-formulae provided herein, e. g. formulae I.1 and I.2, and to the intermediates such as compounds II, III, IV and V, wherein the substituents and variables (such as n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Ra, and Rb) have independently of each other or more preferably in combination (any possible combination of 2 or more substituents as defined herein) the following meanings:
Preference is also given to the uses, methods, mixtures and compositions, wherein the definitions (such as phytopathogenic fungi, treatments, crops, compounds II, further active ingredients, solvents, solid carriers) have independently of each other or more preferably in combination the following meanings and even more preferably in combination (any possible combination of 2 or more definitions as provided herein) with the preferred meanings of compounds I herein:
One embodiment of the invention relates to the abovementioned use and or method of application (herein collectively referred to as “use”) of compounds I, wherein R1 is selected from O and NH; and R2 is selected from CH and N, provided that R2 is N in case R1 is NH. More preferably R1 is NH. In particular, R1 is NH and R2 is N. Another embodiment relates to the use of compounds I, wherein R1 is O and R2 is CH.
According to another embodiment, R3 is selected from halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C1-C2-monohaloalkyl, C1-C2-dihaloalkyl, monohalo-ethenyl, dihalo-ethenyl, C3-C5-cycloalkyl and —O—C1-C4-alkyl; preferably from halogen, C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C2-monohaloalkyl, C1-C2-dihaloalkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl and —O—C1-C2-alkyl; more preferably from C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C2-monohaloalkyl, C1-C2-dihaloalkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl and —O—C1-C2-alkyl; even more preferably from halogen, C1-C2-alkyl, C2-C3-alkenyl, CHF2, CFH2, —O—C1-C2-alkyl and cyclopropyl; even more preferably from C1-C2-alkyl, ethenyl, CHF2, CFH2, OCH3 and cyclopropyl; particularly preferred from methyl, ethenyl, CHF2 and CFH2; in particular methyl.
According to one embodiment, R4 is selected from is selected from C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, —C(═O)—C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C4-haloalkenyl, —(C1-C2-alkyl)-O—(C1-C2-alkyl) and —CH2-cyclopropyl; more preferably from C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, —C(═O)—C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C4-haloalkenyl, —(C1-C2-alkyl)-O—(C1-C2-alkyl) and —CH2-cyclopropyl; even more preferably from C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl, particularly preferably from methyl and C1-haloalkyl; in particular methyl.
According to a further embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; more preferably n is 1, 2 or 3, even more preferably n is 1 or 2; in particular n is 1.
According to a further embodiment, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, more preferably 0, 1 or 2, in particular 0.
According to a further embodiment, n is 2 and the two substituents Ra are preferably in positions 2,3 (meaning one substituent in position 2, the other in position 3); 2,4; 2,5; 3,4 or 3,5; even more preferably in positions 2,3 or 2,4.
According to a further embodiment, n is 3 and the three substituents Ra are preferably in positions 2, 3 and 4.
According to a further embodiment, Ra is selected from CN, C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, —O—C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═O)—C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C4-alkyl)-C1-C4-alkyl, —O—CH2—(═N—O—C1-C4-alkyl)-C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C4-alkyl)-C(═O—NH—C1-C4-alkyl), C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkenyl, —C1-C2-alkyl-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, —O—C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkenyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl, hetercycloalkenyl and heteroaryl besides carbon atoms contain 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein said phenyl, heterocycloalkyl, hetercycloalkenyl and heteroaryl are bound directly or via an oxygen atom or via a C1-C2-alkylene linker, and wherein the aliphatic and cyclic moieties of Ra are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, or 3 of identical or different groups Rb which independently of one another are selected from halogen, CN, NH2, NO2, C1-C2-alkyl and C1-C2-haloalkyl.
More preferably, Ra is selected from CN, C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, —O—C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═O)—C1-C2-alkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C2-alkyl)-C1-C2-alkyl, —O—CH2—C(═N—O—C1-C2-alkyl)-C1-C2-alkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C2-alkyl)-C(═O—NH—C1-C2-alkyl), C3-C4-cycloalkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkenyl, —C1-C2-alkyl-C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —O—C3-C4-cycloalkyl, phenyl, 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl besides carbon atoms contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein said phenyl, heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl are bound directly or via an oxygen atom or via a methylene linker, and wherein the aliphatic or cyclic moieties of Ra are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, or 3 of identical or different groups Rb which independently of one another are selected from halogen, CN, C1-C2-alkyl and C1-C2-haloalkyl.
Even more preferably Ra is selected from C1-C3-alkyl, C2-C3-alkenyl, C2-C3-alkynyl, —O—C1-C3-alkyl, —C(═O)—C1-C2-alkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C2-alkyl)-C1-C2-alkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —C1-C2-alkyl-C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —O—C3-C4-cycloalkyl, phenyl, 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl besides carbon atoms contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein said phenyl and heteroaryl are bound directly or via an oxygen atom or via a methylene linker, and wherein the aliphatic and cyclic moieties of Ra are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 of identical or different groups Rb which independently of one another are selected from halogen, CN, methyl and C1-haloalkyl.
Particularly preferred Ra are selected from halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C3-alkenyl, C2-C3-alkynyl, —O—C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C2-alkyl)-C1-C2-alkyl and phenyl, wherein the aliphatic or cyclic moieties of Ra are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 of identical or different groups Rb which independently of one another are selected from halogen, CN, methyl and C1-haloalkyl.
According to a further embodiment, R5, R6 are independently of each other preferably selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl and C2-C4-alkynyl, more preferably from H and C1-C4-alkyl.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula I wherein:
Certain strobilurin type compounds of formula I have been described in EP 370629 and WO 1998/23156. However, it is not mentioned that these compounds inhibit fungal pathogens containing a F129L substitution in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors.
The compounds according to the present invention differ from those described in the abovementioned publications that R3 is an aliphatic or cyclic substituent and the specific substituent Ra2 in ortho-position attached to the terminal phenyl ring.
Therefore, according to a second aspect, the invention provides novel compounds of formula I which are represented by formula I
wherein
One embodiment of the invention relates to preferred compounds I, wherein R1 is selected from O and NH; and R2 is selected from CH and N, provided that R2 is N in case R1 is NH. More preferably R1 is NH. In particular, R1 is NH and R2 is N. Another embodiment of the invention relates to preferred compounds I, wherein R1 is selected from O and NH; and R2 is selected from CH and N, provided that R2 is CH in case R1 is O. More preferably, R2 is N and R1 is NH or R2 is CH and R1 is O. Another embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R1 is O and R2 is CH.
According to another embodiment, R3 is selected from halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C3-alkenyl, C1-C2-monohaloalkyl, C1-C2-dihaloalkyl, monohalo-ethenyl, dihalo-ethenyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl and —O—C1-C4-alkyl; preferably from halogen, C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C2-monohaloalkyl, C1-C2-dihaloalkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl and —O—C1-C2-alkyl; preferably selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C3-alkenyl, monohalo-methyl, dihalo-methyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl and —O—C1-C4-alkyl; further more preferably selected from C1-C2-alkyl, CHF2, CFH2, cyclopropyl and OCH3; particularly preferred from methyl, CHF2 and CFH2; in particular R3 is methyl.
According to a further embodiment, R4 is selected from is selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, —C(═O)—C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C4-haloalkenyl, —(C1-C2-alkyl)-O—(C1-C2-alkyl) and —CH2-cyclopropyl; more preferably from C1-C4-alkyl, and C1-C4-haloalkyl, even more preferably from methyl and C1-haloalkyl; in particular methyl.
According to a further embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3 or 4; more preferably n is 1, 2 or 3, even more preferably n is 1 or 2; in particular n is 1. According to a further embodiment, n is 1 and the substituent Ra is in position 3, 4 or 5; more preferably in position 3 or 4. According to a further embodiment, n is 2 and the two substituents Ra are in positions 3 and 4.
According to a further embodiment, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, more preferably 0, 1 or 2, in particular 0.
According to a further embodiment, Ra and Ra2 independently of each other are selected from halogen, CN, N(C1-C4-alkyl)2, C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, —O—C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C4-alkyl)-C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═O)—C1-C4-alkyl, —O—CH2—C(═N—O—C1-C4-alkyl)-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —C1-C2-alkyl-C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —O—C3-C4-cycloalkyl, phenyl, 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkenyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl and heteroaryl besides carbon atoms contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein said phenyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl and heteroaryl are bound directly or via an oxygen atom or via a C1-C2-alkylene linker.
Preferably, Ra and Ra2 independently of each other are selected from halogen, CN, NH—C1-C2-alkyl, N(C1-C2-alkyl)2, C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, —O—C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C4-alkyl)-C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═O)—C1-C2-alkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —O—C3-C4-cycloalkyl, phenyl, 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl besides carbon atoms contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein said phenyl, heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl are bound directly or via an oxygen atom or via a methylene linker.
More preferably, Ra and Ra2 independently of each other are selected from halogen, CN, C1-C3-alkyl, —O—C1-C3-alkyl, —C(═N—O—CH3)—CH3, C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —O—C3-C4-cycloalkyl, phenyl, 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl besides carbon atoms contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein said phenyl, heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl are bound directly or via an oxygen atom or via a methylene linker.
In particular, Ra and Ra2 independently of each other are selected from halogen, CN, C1-C2-alkyl, —O—C1-C2-alkyl, ethenyl, ethynyl and —C(═N—O—CH3)—CH3.
According to the abovementioned embodiments for Ra and Ra2, the abovementioned heterocycloalkyl is more preferably a 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl besides carbon atoms contains 1 heteroatom selected from N, O and S, preferably N.
According to the abovementioned embodiments for Ra and Ra2, the abovementioned heteroaryl is more preferably a 5-membered heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl besides carbon atoms contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, preferably from N and O.
According to the abovementioned embodiments for Ra and Ra2, the aliphatic and cyclic moieties of Ra and Ra2 are independently of each other unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3, 4 or up to the maximum number of identical or different groups Rb selected from halogen, CN, NH2, NO2, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, —O—C1-C4-alkyl and —O—C1-C4-haloalkyl; more preferably only the cyclic moieties of Ra and Ra2 are independently of each other unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3, 4 or up to the maximum number of identical or different groups Rb selected from halogen, CN, NH2, NO2, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, —O—C1-C4-alkyl and —O—C1-C4-haloalkyl; even more preferably only the phenyl moiety of Ra and Ra2 are independently of each other unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 identical or different groups Rb selected from halogen, CN, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, —O—C1-C4-alkyl and —O—C1-C4-haloalkyl; in particular said phenyl moieties of Ra and Ra2 are independently of each other unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different groups Rb selected from halogen, CN, C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, —O—C1-C2-alkyl and —O—C1-C2-haloalkyl.
According to a further embodiment, Ra2 is selected from halogen, CN, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, —O—C1-C4-haloalkyl, —C(═N—O—C1-C4-alkyl)-C1-C4-alkyl, —C(═O)—C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —C1-C2-alkyl-C3-C4-cycloalkyl, —O—C3-C4-cycloalkyl and 3- to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl besides carbon atoms contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and wherein the abovementioned cyclic moieties of Ra2 are unsubstituted or carry 1, 2 or 3 identical or different groups Rb selected from halogen, CN, C1-C2-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, —O—C1-C2-alkyl and —O—C1-C2-haloalkyl.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein:
According to a further embodiment, R1 is O and R2 is N, which compounds are of formula I.1:
According to a further embodiment, R1 is O and R2 is CH, which compounds are of formula I.2:
According to a further embodiment, R1 is NH and R2 is N, which compounds are of formula I.3:
Preferably, R3 of compounds I is one of the following radicals 3-1 to 3-6:
Even more preferably R3 is CH3, OCH3, CHF2 or C3H5, in particular CH3.
Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention relate to compounds I, wherein the R4 is one of the following radicals 4-1 to 4-8:
Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention relate to compounds I, wherein the Ra is selected of one of the following radicals a-1 to a-18:
Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention relate to compounds I, wherein the Ra2 is selected of one of the followina radicals a2-1 to a2-19:
According to a further embodiment, n is 0, which compounds are of formula I.A:
wherein even more preferably R1 is O and R2 is CH or R1 is NH and R2 is N.
According to a further embodiment, n is 1. According to a further embodiment, Ra is in meta-position (3-Ra), which compounds are of formula I.B:
wherein even more preferably R1 is NH and R2 is N. According to a further embodiment, n is 1 and Ra is in para-position (4-Ra), which compounds are of formula I.C:
wherein even more preferably R1 is NH and R2 is N. According to a further embodiment, n is 1 and Ra is in ortho-position (6-Ra), which compounds are of formula I.D:
wherein even more preferably R1 is NH and R2 is N.
In an embodiment, compounds I are of formula I.3 and n, Ra, R3 and R4 are as per any row of per Table A below, which compounds are named I.3-A-1 to I.3-A-6270.
The compounds can be obtained by various routes in analogy to prior art processes known (e.g EP 463488) and, advantageously, by the synthesis shown in the following schemes 1 to 4 and in the experimental part of this application.
A suitable method to prepare compounds I is illustrated in Scheme 1.
It starts with the conversion of a ketone to the corresponding oxime using hydxroxylamine hydrochloride and a base such as pyridine, sodium hydroxide or sodium acetate in polar solvents such as methanol, methanol-water mixture, or ethanol at reaction temperatures of 60 to 100° C., preferably at about 65° C. In cases where a E/Z mixture was obtained, the isomers could be separated by purifycation techniques known in art (e.g. column chromatography, crystallization, distillation etc.). Then, coupling with the intermediate IV, wherein X is a leaving group such as halogen, toluene- and methanesulfonates, preferably X is Cl or Br, is carried out under basic conditions using e.g. sodium hydride, cesium carbonate or potassium carbonate as a base and using an organic solvent such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) or acetonitrile, preferably cesium carbonate as base and acetonitrile as solvent at room temperature (RT) of about 24° C. The ester compound I wherein R1 is O can be converted to the amide of formula I wherein R1 is NH by reaction with methyl amine (preferably 40% aq. solution) using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent at RT.
Another general method to prepare the compounds I is depicted in Scheme 2.
Intermediate IV is reacted with N-hydroxysuccimide VI, using a base such as triethylamine in DMF. The reaction temperature is usually 50 to 70° C. preferably about 70° C. Conversion to the correspondding O-benzylhydroxyl amine, intermediate VIII, was achieved through removal of the phthalimide group, preferably using hydrazine hydrate in methanol as solvent at 25° C. Alternatively, removal of the phthalimide group using methyl amine in methanol as solvent at 25° C. can provide intermediate IX. Intermediate VIII and intermediate IX, respectively can be condensed with ketones using acetic acid or pyridine in methanol as solvent at temperature of 50 to 65° C. Alternatively, the condensation could also carried out with titanium (IV) ethoxide (Ti(OEt)4) using THF as solvent at about 70° C. The desired product is usually accompanied by an undesired isomer, which can be removed e.g by column chromatography, crystallization.
A general method for preparation of intermediate IV is shown in Scheme 3.
Compound XI could be obtained from X by lithium-halogen exchange or by generating Grignard reagent and further reaction with dimethyl oxalate or chloromethyl oxalate in presence of a solvent. The preferred solvent is THF, 2-methyl-THF and the temperature can be between −70 to −78° C. Conversion of intermediate XI to intermediate XII can be achieved using N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride and a base such as pyridine or sodium acetate in polar solvents such as methanol. The reaction temperature is preferably about 65° C. An E/Z mixture is usually obtained, the isomers can be separated by purification techniques known in art (e.g. column chromatography, crystallization). Bromination of intermediate XII provides the desired intermediate compounds IV, wherein R1 is O and R2═N. This reaction of intermediate XII with N-bromosuccinimide in solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, acetonitrile, using radical initiators such as 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile) or azobisisobutyronitrile and is carried out at temperatures of 70 to 100° C. The preferred radical initiator is 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile), preferred solvent chlorobenzene and preferred temperature 80° C.
The synthesis of compounds containing different substituents R3 follows similar sequence as in Scheme 3, wherein R3 is bromo. Coupling of intermediate III with intermediate IV, wherein R3 is bromo, provides compounds I as described above. Using standard chemical reactions, such as Suzuki or Stille reaction, the bromo group can be converted e.g. to other R3 substituents such as cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkenyl. Additional transformations e.g. of ethenyl provide compounds I with other R3 substituents such as ethyl, CN and haloalkyl.
Most of the ketones of general formula II were commercially available, however for the ones which were not commercially available, preparation of these was carried out in house using methods known in prior art. Scheme 4 depicts various methods known in literature for the synthesis of these ketones.
The ketone II can be obtained from the corresponding halogen bearing precursors XIV, wherein X is preferably bromine or iodine. Lithium-halogen exchange (J Org Chem, 1998, 63 (21), 7399-7407) in compound XIII using n-butyllithium or synthesis of the corresponding Grignard reagent (Nature Comm, 2017, 8(1), 1-7) using THF as solvent, and subsequent reaction with N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide at about −70 to −78° C. can provide the ketone II. Alternatively, the coupling reaction of compound XIV and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)stannane in presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably palladium, with suitable ligands in a solvent such as dioxane and at a reaction temperature of about 100° C., followed by treatment with 1N HCl can provide ketone II (Org Lett, 2016, 18(7), 1630-1633, WO 2018/115380). Reaction of XIV with 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether in the presence of transition metal catalyst, preferably palladium with suitable ligands and solvent such as 1,2-propane diol and base such as sodium carbonate and reaction temperature of about 120° C. followed by treatment with 1N HCl can provide ketone II (Chem A Eur J, 2008, 14(18), 5555-5566). Another method uses acid compounds XV, which can be converted to the corresponding Weinreb amide or carboxylic ester XVII and subsequent reaction with methylmagnesium bromide (MeMgBr) in solvent such as THF and temperatures of −78 to 0° C., preferably 0° C., to provide ketone II. Another method uses the reaction of nitrile XVI with MeMgBr which is carried out in solvent such as THF or toluene, preferably THF, and reaction temperature is 25 to 60° C., preferably 60° C., followed by treatment with 1N HCl (Eur J Med Chem, 2015, 102, 582-593).
The compounds I and the compositions thereof, respectively, are suitable as fungicides effective against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, in particular from the classes of Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). They can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing, and soil fungicides.
The compounds I and the compositions thereof are preferably useful in the control of phytopathogenic fungi on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats, or rice; beet, fruits, leguminous plants such as soybean, oil plants, cucurbits, fiber plants, citrus fruits, vegetables, lauraceous plants, energy and raw material plants, corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); natural rubber plants; or ornamental and forestry plants; on the plant propagation material, such as seeds; and on the crop material of these plants.
According to the invention all of the above cultivated plants are understood to comprise all species, subspecies, variants, varieties and/or hybrids which belong to the respective cultivated plants, including but not limited to winter and spring varieties, in particular in cereals such as wheat and barley, as well as oilseed rape, e.g. winter wheat, spring wheat, winter barley etc.
Corn is also known as Indian corn or maize (Zea mays) which comprises all kinds of corn such as field corn and sweet corn. According to the invention all soybean cultivars or varieties are comprised, in particular indeterminate and determinate cultivars or varieties.
The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering to provide a new trait to a plant or to modify an already present trait.
The compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, are particularly suitable for controlling the following causal agents of plant diseases: rusts on soybean and cereals (e.g. Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae on soybean; Puccinia tritici and P. striiformis on wheat); molds on specialty crops, soybean, oil seed rape and sunflowers (e.g. Botrytis cinerea on strawberries and vines, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor and S. rolfsii on oil seed rape, sunflowers and soybean); Fusarium diseases on cereals (e.g. Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum on wheat); downy mildews on specialty crops (e.g. Plasmopara viticola on vines, Phytophthora infestans on potatoes); powdery mildews on specialty crops and cereals (e.g. Uncinula necator on vines, Erysiphe spp. on various specialty crops, Blumeria graminis on cereals); and leaf spots on cereals, soybean and corn (e.g. Septoria tritici and S. nodorum on cereals, S. glycines on soybean, Cercospora spp. on corn and soybean).
The compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, are also suitable for controlling harmful microorganisms in the protection of stored products or harvest, and in the protection of materials.
The compounds I are employed as such or in form of compositions by treating the fungi, the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds; soil, surfaces, materials, or rooms to be protected from fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of the active substances. The application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds; soil, surfaces, materials or rooms by the fungi.
An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of a compound I. The term “fungicidally effective amount” denotes an amount of the composition or of the compounds I, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of stored products or harvest or of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants, the treated stored products or harvest, or to the treated materials. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant, stored product, harvest or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound I used.
Plant propagation materials may be treated with compounds I as such or a composition comprising at least one compound I prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.
The user applies the agrochemical composition usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system. Usually, the agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained. Usually, 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.
The compounds I, their N-oxides and salts can be converted into customary types of agrochemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples for composition types (see “Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system”, Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International) are suspensions (e. g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e. g. EC), emulsions (e. g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e. g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e. g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e. g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e. g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e. g. LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials, such as seeds (e. g. GF). The compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or by Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005. The invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and at least one compound I. Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.
The agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, more preferably between 1 and 70%, and in particular between 10 and 60%, by weight of active substance (e.g. at least one compound I). Further, the agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 5 and 99.9%, preferably between 10 and 99.9%, more preferably between 30 and 99%, and in particular between 40 and 90%, by weight of at least one auxiliary.
When employed in plant protection, the amounts of active substances applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, and in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.
In treatment of plant propagation materials, such as seeds, e. g. by dusting, coating, or drenching, amounts of active substance of generally from 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to 100 g and most preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kg of plant propagation material (preferably seeds) are required.
Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizers, or micronutrients, and further pesticides (e. g. fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, safeners) may be added to the compounds I or the compositions thereof as premix, or, not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.
Mixing the compounds I or the compositions comprising them in the use form as fungicides with other fungicides results in many cases in an expansion of the fungicidal spectrum of activity or in a prevention of fungicide resistance development. Furthermore, in many cases, synergistic effects are obtained (synergistic mixtures).
The following list of pesticides II, in conjunction with which the compounds I can be used, is intended to illustrate the possible combinations but does not limit them:
In the binary mixtures the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) generally depends from the properties of the components used, usually it is in the range of from 1:10,000 to 10,000:1, often from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably from 1:10 to 10:1, even more preferably from 1:4 to 4:1 and in particular from 1:2 to 2:1. According to further embodiments, the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1000:1 to 1:1, often from 100: 1 to 1:1, regularly from 50:1 to 1:1, preferably from 20:1 to 1:1, more preferably from 10:1 to 1:1, even more preferably from 4:1 to 1:1 and in particular from 2:1 to 1:1. According to further embodiments, the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 20,000:1 to 1:10, often from 10,000:1 to 1:1, regularly from 5,000:1 to 5:1, preferably from 5,000:1 to 10:1, more preferably from 2,000:1 to 30:1, even more preferably from 2,000:1 to 100:1 and in particular from 1,000:1 to 100:1. According to further embodiments, the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1:1 to 1:1000, often from 1:1 to 1:100, regularly from 1:1 to 1:50, preferably from 1:1 to 1:20, more preferably from 1:1 to 1:10, even more preferably from 1:1 to 1:4 and in particular from 1:1 to 1:2. According to further embodiments, the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 10:1 to 1:20,000, often from 1:1 to 1:10,000, regularly from 1:5 to 1:5,000, preferably from 1:10 to 1:5,000, more preferably from 1:30 to 1:2,000, even more preferably from 1:100 to 1:2,000 to and in particular from 1:100 to 1:1,000.
In the ternary mixtures, i.e. compositions comprising the component 1) and component 2) and a compound III (component 3), the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular from 1:4 to 4:1, and the weight ratio of component 1) and component 3) usually it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular from 1:4 to 4:1. Any further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20 to the component 1). These ratios are also suitable for mixtures applied by seed treatment.
Preference is given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from inhibitors of complex III at Qo site in group A), more preferably selected from compounds (A.1.1), (A.1.4), (A.1.8), (A.1.9), (A.1.10), (A.1.12), (A.1.13), (A.1.14), (A.1.17), (A.1.21), (A.1.25), (A.1.34) and (A.1.35); particularly selected from (A.1.1), (A.1.4), (A.1.8), (A.1.9), (A.1.13), (A.1.14), (A.1.17), (A.1.25), (A.1.34) and (A.1.35).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from inhibitors of complex III at Qi site in group A), more preferably selected from compounds (A.2.1), (A.2.3), (A.2.4) and (A.2.6); particularly selected from (A.2.3), (A.2.4) and (A.2.6).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from inhibitors of complex II in group A), more preferably selected from compounds (A.3.2), (A.3.3), (A.3.4), (A.3.7), (A.3.9), (A.3.11), (A.3.12), (A.3.15), (A.3.16), (A.3.17), (A.3.18), (A.3.19), (A.3.20), (A.3.21), (A.3.22), (A.3.23), (A.3.24), (A.3.28), (A.3.31), (A.3.32), (A.3.33), (A.3.34), (A.3.35), (A.3.36), (A.3.37), (A.3.38) and (A.3.39); particularly selected from (A.3.2), (A.3.3), (A.3.4), (A.3.7), (A.3.9), (A.3.12), (A.3.15), (A.3.17), (A.3.19), (A.3.22), (A.3.23), (A.3.24), (A.3.31), (A.3.32), (A.3.33), (A.3.34), (A.3.35), (A.3.36), (A.3.37), (A.3.38) and (A.3.39).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from other respiration inhibitors in group A), more preferably selected from compounds (A.4.5) and (A.4.11); in particular (A.4.11).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from C14 demethylase inhibitors in group B), more preferably selected from compounds (B.1.4), (B.1.5), (B.1.8), (B.1.10), (B.1.11), (B.1.12), (B.1.13), (B.1.17), (B.1.18), (B.1.21), (B.1.22), (B.1.23), (B.1.25), (B.1.26), (B.1.29), (B.1.33), (B.1.34), (B.1.37), (B.1.38), (B.1.43), (B.1.46), (B.1.53), (B.1.54) and (B.1.55); particularly selected from (B.1.5), (B.1.8), (B.1.10), (B.1.17), (B.1.22), (B.1.23), (B.1.25), (B.1.33), (B.1.34), (B.1.37), (B.1.38), (B.1.43) and (B.1.46).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from Delta14-reductase inhibitors in group B), more preferably selected from compounds (B.2.4), (B.2.5), (B.2.6) and (B.2.8); in particular (B.2.4).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from phenylamides and acyl amino acid fungicides in group C), more preferably selected from compounds (C.1.1), (C.1.2), (C.1.4) and (C.1.5); particularly selected from (C.1.1) and (C.1.4).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors in group C), more preferably selected from compounds (C.2.6), (C.2.7) and (C.2.8).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from group D), more preferably selected from compounds (D.1.1), (D.1.2), (D.1.5), (D.2.4) and (D.2.6); particularly selected from (D.1.2), (D.1.5) and (D.2.6).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from group E), more preferably selected from compounds (E.1.1), (E.1.3), (E.2.2) and (E.2.3); in particular (E.1.3).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from group F), more preferably selected from compounds (F.1.2), (F.1.4) and (F.1.5).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from group G), more preferably selected from compounds (G.3.1), (G.3.3), (G.3.6), (G.5.1), (G.5.3), (G.5.4), (G.5.5), G.5.6), G.5.7), (G.5.8), (G.5.9), (G.5.10) and (G.5.11); particularly selected from (G.3.1), (G.5.1) and (G.5.3).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from group H), more preferably selected from compounds (H.2.2), (H.2.3), (H.2.5), (H.2.7), (H.2.8), (H.3.2), (H.3.4), (H.3.5), (H.4.9) and (H.4.10); particularly selected from (H.2.2), (H.2.5), (H.3.2), (H.4.9) and (H.4.10).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from group I), more preferably selected from compounds (I.2.2) and (I.2.5).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from group J), more preferably selected from compounds (J.1.2), (J.1.5), (J.1.8), (J.1.11) and (J.1.12); in particular (J.1.5).
Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as component 2) at least one active substance selected from group K), more preferably selected from compounds (K.1.41), (K.1.42), (K.1.44), (K.1.47), (K.1.57), (K.1.58) and (K.1.59); particularly selected from (K.1.41), (K.1.44), (K.1.47), (K.1.57), (K.1.58) and (K.1.59).
The compositions comprising mixtures of active ingredients can be prepared by usual means, e. g. by the means given for the compositions of compounds I.
1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethenone (10 g, 1.0 eq) was taken in methanol (300 ml) and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride (7.54 g, 1.8 eq) was added. Pyridine (33.45 g, 2 eq) was added drop wise at 25° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2 hr. Reaction was monitored using LCMS & TLC. Methanol was evaporated under vacuum. Crude mass was diluted with water (200 ml) and it was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 ml). Combined organic layer was again washed with water and brine. Organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. Crude compound was purified by flash column chromatography. Pure compound was eluted with 0% to 20% ethyl acetate (EtOAc) in heptane. Evaporation of solvent afforded 8 g title compound as white solid (Yield 72%). 1H NMR 300 MHz, DMSO-d6: δ 11.4 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.23 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H).
1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanone oxime (0.3 g, 3 eq) was taken in dimethyl formamide (DMF, 5 ml) and Cs2CO3 (3.27 g, 2.0 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature (RT; at about 25° C.) and then added methyl (2E)-2-[2-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino-acetate (0.6 g, 3.02 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 32 hr and monitored by TLC and LCMS. Reaction was quenched with water (45 ml) and the product was extracted in ethyl acetate (3×35 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. Crude material was purified by flash chromatography. Pure compound was eluted by using 35-20% EtOAc in heptane. Evaporation of solvent afforded an off-white solid title compound (0.328 g, 45% yield). 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.56-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.03 (dd, J=6.2, 2.8 Hz, 3H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.08 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 3H).
Methyl (2E)-2-[2-[[(E)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino-acetate (ex. 1; 8 g,1 eq) was taken in THF (80 ml) and methylamine (40% aqueous) solution (16 ml, 2 vol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 5 hr and monitored by TLC and LCMS. Reaction was quenched with water (200 ml) and the product was extracted in ethyl acetate (3×150 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (150 ml), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. Crude material was purified by flash chromatography. Pure compound was eluted by using 30-40% EtOAc in heptane. Evaporation of solvent afforded white solid title compound (7 g, 87.7% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.20 (q, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (ddt, J=7.8, 5.6, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.37-7.14 (m, 4H), 6.95 (dd, J=7.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.65 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.09 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 3H).
3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)ethanone (3.0 g, 3eq) was taken in methanol (30 ml) and NH2OH (0.735 g, 2 eq) followed by pyridine (3.04 g, 2.5 eq) were added. Reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. and stirred for 3 hr. Reaction was monitored using LCMS & TLC. Solvent was evaporated and the residue was diluted with water (50 ml). The product was extracted in with ethyl acetate (3×30 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. Crude material was purified by flash chromatography. Pure compound was eluted by using 15-20% EtOAc in heptane. Evaporation of solvent afforded white solid compound 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ethanone oxime (1 g, 92.6% yield).
3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)ethanone oxime (0.4 g, 1 eq) was taken in acetonitrile (10 ml) and Cs2CO3 (1.8 g, 2.5 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT and then added methyl (2E)-2-[2-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino-acetate (0.65 g, 1.05 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hr and monitored by TLC and LCMS. Reaction was quenched with water (50 ml) and the product was extracted in ethyl acetate (3×30 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. Crude material was purified by flash chromatography. Pure compound was eluted by using 20-25% EtOAc in heptane. Evaporation of solvent afforded an off-white solid title compound (0.6 g, 68% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.66 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.05-6.98 (m, 1H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H).
Methyl (2E)-2-[2-[[(E)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino-acetate (ex. 3; 0.6 g, 1 eq) was taken in THF (6 ml) and methyl amine (40% aq.) solution (1.2 ml, 2v) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hr and monitored by TLC and LCMS. Reaction was quenched with water (25 ml) and the product was extracted in ethyl acetate (3×20 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (25 ml), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. Crude material was purified by flash chromatography. Pure compound was eluted by using 40-45% EtOAc in heptane. Evaporation of solvent afforded white solid title compound (example 2, 0.53 g, 85% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.24 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.95 (dd, J=7.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.68 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H).
To a solution of 1-(p-tolyl)ethanone (1.0 g, 4.45 mmol, 3 eq.) in methanol (10 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.77 g, 11.17 mmol, 1.5 eq) followed by addition of sodium acetate (1.82 g, 15 mmol, 2 eq.) at RT under nitrogen atmosphere. Reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hrs. Reaction was monitored by TLC. Reaction mixture was concentrated on rotavapor. To this crude residue was added water (20 mL) and stirred for 0.5 hr. Solid material filtered and dried to obtain pure title compound (1.1 g, yield 98%) as white solid. MS: [M+H]+ 150.
To a stirred solution of 1-(p-tolyl)ethanone oxime (0.15 g, 1.0 mmol, 1 eq) in acetonitrile (2 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (0.66 g, 2.0 mmol, 2 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 min. Then, methyl (2E)-2-[2-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino-acetate (0.33 g, 1.1 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 6 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. To this reaction mixture was added water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). Combined organic layer was washed with H2O (2×25 mL), followed by brine wash (2×20 mL). Organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and Concentrated to afford crude compound which was further purified by flash column chromatography using 0-20% EtOAc in heptane as the eluent to obtain pure title compound as white solid (0.37 g, Yield 96%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, chloroform-d): δ 7.42 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (dd, J=7.2, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H). MS: [M+H]+ 369.
To a stirred solution of methyl (2E)-2-methoxyimino-2-[3-methyl-1-[[(E)-3-(p-tolyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]acetate in THF (5 mL), methyl amine solution in water (5.0 mL, 40%) was added at RT. Reaction was continued for 1 hr. Reaction was monitored by TLC. Reaction mixture was evaporated on rotavapor, residue was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with 1N HCl (3×20 mL), followed by brine wash (2×20 mL). Organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and Concentrated to afford crude compound which was further purified by flash column chromatography using 0-50% EtOAc in heptane as the eluent to afford pure title compound as white solid (0.200 g, Yield 88%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.20 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (dd, J=6.9, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.69 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H). MS: [M+H]+ 368.
3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propan-1-one (0.5 g, 1 eq), prepared in analogy to prior art process (Chem Commun, 2016, 52, 13668-13670), was taken in THF (10 ml) and (2E)-2-[2-(aminooxymethyl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide (0.98 g, 2 eq) followed by Ti(OEt)4 (1.33g, 3 eq) were added. The mixture was heated to 70° C. and stirred for 12 hr. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction was quenched with water (25 ml) followed by EtOAc (25 ml). The emulsion formed was filtered through celite and washed with EtOAc (50 ml). The layers were separated and the aequous layer was extracted in EtOAc (2×25 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (25 ml), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. Crude material was purified by flash chromatography. Pure compound was eluted by using 40-45% EtOAc in heptane. Evaporation of solvent followed by crystallization in heptane afforded an off-white solid (0.34g, 35% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.27 (q, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 8.07-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.79 (m, 1H), 7.68 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.97 (dd, J=7.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.03-3.96 (q, J=10 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.67 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H).
The following examples in Table S were synthesized as per general Scheme 1 described above (except Ex. 7 and 212 which were synthesized as per scheme 2) and characterized by LCMS as described in Table L.
The compound was dissolved in a mixture of acetone and/or dimethylsulfoxide and the wetting agent/emulsifier Wettol, which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles, in a ratio (volume) solvent-emulsifier of 99 to 1 to give a total volume of 5 ml. Subsequently, water was added to total volume of 100 ml. This stock solution was then diluted with the described solvent-emulsifier-water mixture to the final concentration given in the table below.
Leaves of potted soybean seedlings were inoculated with spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The strain used contains the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors. To ensure the success of the artificial inoculation, the plants were transferred to a humid chamber with a relative humidity of about 95% and 20 to 24° C. for 24 hr. The next day the plants were cultivated for 3 days in a greenhouse chamber at 23 to 27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. Then the plants were sprayed to run-off with the previously described spray solution, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture as described below. The plants were allowed to air-dry. Then the trial plants were cultivated for up to 14 days in a greenhouse chamber at 23 to 27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area, the disease level of untreated controls was usually higher than 85%.
Leaves of potted soybean seedlings were sprayed to run-off with the previously described spray solution, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture as described below. The plants were allowed to air-dry. The trial plants were cultivated for 2 days in a greenhouse chamber at 23-27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. Then the plants were inoculated with spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The strain used contains the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors. To ensure the success the artificial inoculation, the plants were transferred to a humid chamber with a relative humidity of about 95% and 20 to 24° C. for 24 hr. The trial plants were cultivated for up to 14 days in a greenhouse chamber at 23 to 27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area, the disease level of untreated controls was usually higher than 85%.
Leaves of potted soybean seedlings were sprayed to run-off with the previously described spray solution, containing the concentration of active ingredient as described below. The plants were allowed to air-dry. The trial plants were cultivated for six days in a greenhouse chamber at 23-27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. Then the plants were inoculated with spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The strain used contains the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors. To ensure the success the artificial inoculation, the plants were transferred to a humid chamber with a relative humidity of about 95% and 23 to 27° C. for 24 hr. The trial plants were cultivated for up to 14 days in a greenhouse chamber at 23 to 27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area, the disease level of untreated controls was usually higher than 85%.
Leaves of potted soybean seedlings were sprayed to run-off with the previously described spray solution, containing the concentration of active ingredient as described below. The plants were left for drying in a green house chamber at 20° C. and 14 hours lightning over night. The next day, leaves were harvested and placed on water agar plates. Subsequently, the leaves were inoculated with spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Two different isolates were used: one being sensitive to Qo inhibitors (wt); and one which contains the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors (F129L). Inoculated leaves were incubated for 16 to 24 h at room temperature in a dark dust chamber, followed by incubation for 2 to 3 weeks in an incubator at 20° C. and 12 hours light/day. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
The active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of 10,000 ppm in dimethyl sulfoxide. The stock solutions were mixed according to the ratio, pipetted onto a micro titer plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated concentrations.
After addition of the respective spore suspension as indicated in the different use examples below, plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm 7 days after the inoculation. The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the respective active compounds.
A spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine or DOB solution was used.
A spore suspension of Septoria tritici in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine or DOB solution was used.
A spore suspension of Colletotrichum orbiculare in an aqueous 2% malt solution was used.
A spore suspension of Leptosphaeria nodorum in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine or DOB solution was used.
Two different spore suspensions of Alternaria solani in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine or DOB solution were used: a sensitive wild-type isolate (wt) and a Qo inhibitor-resistant isolate containing the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors (F129L).
Two different spore suspensions of Pyrenophora teres in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine or DOB solution were used: a sensitive wild-type isolate (wt) and a Qo inhibitor-resistant isolate containing the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors (F129L).
A spore suspension of Cercospora sojina in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine or DOB solution was then added.
A spore suspension of Microdochium nivale in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine or DOB solution was used.
The results of the abovementioned use examples are given in the following Tables.
The test results in Tables 1 and C1 to C4 below are given for the control of phytopathogenic fungi containing the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors.
The results in Tables C1 to C4 show that the specific substituent at position R3 improves the fungicidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi containing the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors compared to compounds where the position R3 is unsubstituted.
The results in Tables C5 to C6b show that the compounds to the present invention significantly improve the fungicidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi containing the amino acid substitution F129L in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to Qo inhibitors compared to the use of a compound disclosed in WO 2017/157923.
The results in Table C7a to C8b show that the specific substituent Ra of the terminal phenyl improves the fungicidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi compared to compounds from the prior art.
The result in Tables C9 to C18 show that the specific substituent R4 improves the fungicidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi compared to compounds from the prior art.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20171944.0 | Apr 2020 | EP | regional |
| 21165165.8 | Mar 2021 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/059732 | 4/15/2021 | WO |
