The invention is generally directed to the treatment of uterine disorders by detecting and regulating blood flow through one or both of the patient's uterine arteries.
Hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) is performed on approximately 600,000 women annually in the United States. Hysterectomy is often the therapeutic choice for the treatment of uterine cancer, adenomyosis, menorrhagia, prolapse, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (abnormal menstrual bleeding that has no discrete anatomic explanation such as a tumor or growth), and muscular tumors of the uterus, known as leimyoma or uterine fibroids.
However, hysterectomy is a drastic treatment, having many undesirable characteristics. Thus, any method which can approximate the therapeutic result of a hysterectomy without removing the uterus would be a significant improvement in this field. Newer treatment methods have been developed for some diseases which may spare these women a hysterectomy.
In 1995, it was demonstrated that uterine fibroids could be treated without hysterectomy using a non-surgical therapy, specifically comprising bilateral intraluminal occlusion of the uterine arteries (Ravina et al., “Arterial Embolization to Treat Uterine Myomata”, Lancet Sep. 9, 1995; Vol. 346; pp. 671-672, incorporated in its entirety herein). This technique is known as “uterine artery embolization”. In this technique, uterine arteries are accessed via a transvascular route from a common femoral artery into the left and right uterine arteries by means of an intravascular catheter and embolic material, such as small metallic coils, polyvinyl alchohol particulate and the like, is delivered through the catheter to the uterine arteries which quickly become occluded.
The uterus has a dual (or redundant) blood supply, the primary blood supply being from the bilateral uterine arteries, and the secondary blood supply from the bilateral ovarian arteries. Consequently, when both uterine arteries are occluded, i.e. bilateral vessel occlusion, the uterus and the fibroids contained within the uterus are both deprived of their blood supply. However, as demonstrated by Ravina et al., the ischemic effects on the fibroid is greater than the effect on the uterus. In most instances, the fibroid withers and ceases to cause clinical symptoms.
However, many physicians do not possess the training or equipment necessary to perform catheter-based uterine artery embolization under radiologic direction. Accordingly, there are substantially fewer uterine artery embolizations performed, worldwide, each year than hysterectomies for symptomatic uterine fibroids.
Recently, fibroid treatment procedures have been described wherein the uterine arteries are temporarily occluded by an intravaginal device which is non-invasively pressed against the patient's vaginal fornix and clamped or otherwise pressed against tissue bundle with the patient's uterine artery being within the bundle. Pressure on the tissue occludes the underlying uterine artery. While these procedures have shown much promise, in many situations the devices described to date do not always allow for accurate placement of the clamping surfaces.
What is needed, therefore, are devices and methods to detect blood vessels and blood flow in blood vessels, and devices and methods to occlude blood flow in blood vessels such as the uterine arteries that can be used by physicians with limited training and equipment.
The invention is directed to a relatively non-invasive uterine artery occlusion device and system and the procedure for using the device and system for occluding a female patient's uterine artery. The instruments and their use may be utilized in the treatment of uterine fibroids, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, post partum hemorrhage and other uterine disorders by reducing or terminating blood flow through a patient's uterine artery.
A device embodying features of the invention includes an intrauterine clamp which has a pressure applying or clamping member configured to apply pressure against the exterior of the patient's uterine cervix or against the patient's vaginal fornix. The intravaginal clamp also has a stabilizing or positioning member which is configured to be inserted into the patient's uterine cervix so as to stabilize at least a portion of the interior of the uterine cervix and facilitate the more effective application of pressure by the pressure applying member to the exterior of the cervix or the vaginal fornix to ensure effective occlusion of the patient's uterine artery. The uterine artery occlusion is temporary, and may be partial or complete. The distal end of the clamping member is at or distal to the distal end of the stabilizing member. Preferably, the distal end of the clamping member is about 0.1 to about 1 inch distal to the distal end of the stabilizing member.
One method of occluding a blood vessel comprises clamping the blood vessel effective to compress it so that blood flow through the vessel is reduced, or is abolished. Such clamping of a blood vessel may be direct or may be indirect. Preferably, clamping of a blood vessel effective to compress it is accomplished by applying a non-invasive blood vessel occlusion device to tissue near to a blood vessel (e.g., onto tissue surrounding the vessel). A blood vessel occlusion device may also be applied directly onto a blood vessel effective to compress the blood vessel.
In one embodiment of the invention, a non-invasive blood vessel occluding device (such as a clamp with a sensor) may be applied to a portion of a vaginal wall to detect and/or locate, and to occlude the uterine arteries. A vaginal clamp embodying features of the invention may used to sense the location of a uterine artery adjacent a vaginal wall, and may be used to compress and occlude a uterine artery adjacent a vaginal wall. The vaginal wall may be distended by an occlusion device so as to more closely approach a uterine artery; such an approach may aided by applying pressure or force to the uterus (e.g., by pulling on the uterine cervix). A uterine cervix may be grasped or pulled by any suitable device or implement, including forceps, suction devices, and other instruments, such as a tenaculum.
A non-invasive blood vessel occluding device embodying features of the invention may be a non-invasive intravaginal uterine artery occlusion device, comprising a pair of pressure-applying members having opposed tissue-contacting surfaces on distal portions thereof; at least one supporting shaft extending from a proximal extremity of at least one of the pressure-applying members which is configured to adjust the distance between the opposed tissue-contacting surfaces of the pressure-applying members; and at least one blood flow sensing sensor on one of the opposed tissue-contacting surfaces. An embodiment of a non-invasive blood vessel occlusion device embodying features of the invention may have, for example, a handle, a clamping member configured to apply pressure or force to body tissue, and a sensor for locating a blood vessel.
A pressure-applying member, such as a clamping member, may be, e.g., a jaw or jaws configured to engage a blood vessel or to engage tissue adjacent a blood vessel. A supporting shaft, such as a handle, is preferably configured for manipulating the jaw or jaws. In some embodiments of devices having features of the invention, a pressure-applying member may be attached to a connecting portion that is configured so that a jaw may be placed within a vagina while a handle remains outside a patient's body and available for use by an operator.
The clamping member is preferably provided with a blood flow sensor for locating the blood vessel to be occluded. The sensor may sense sound, pressure, strain, stress, chemical entity, electromagnetic radiation and the like, and may be a combination of such sensors. A sensor is preferably a Doppler ultrasound sensor. The sensor is mounted to the face of a tissue-contacting surface of the clamping member, such as the face of a jaw of a clamp, and is preferably oriented perpendicularly to the clamp face, although other orientations may be employed. Ultrasound energy useful for sensing a location of a blood vessel or of blood flow in a blood vessel has a frequency of less than about 20 MegaHertz (MHz), such as between about 5 MHz and about 19 MHz, and preferably between about 6 MHz and about 10 MHz. In commercially available Doppler sensors the frequency is typically about 8 MHz. For sensors based on electromagnetic energy useful for sensing a location of a blood vessel or of blood flow in a blood vessel, the EM energy should have a wavelength of about 500 nanometers (nm) to about 2000 nm, preferably about 700 nm to about 1000 nm.
A system embodying features of the invention includes an blood vessel occluding device as described above with a blood flow sensor on the clamping member for locating the target blood vessel, and a sensor controller which may include an energy source for the sensor. The sensor controller may be configured to aid in detecting a location of a blood vessel, by, e.g., providing a signal related to the output of a sensor that may be readily used by an operator. A sensor controller may include an energy source configured to provide energy for operating a blood flow sensor.
A method for occluding a uterine artery which embodies features of the invention include advancing the clamping device through the patient's vaginal canal, guiding the stabilizing member of the clamping device through the cervical os, into the cervical canal with the clamping member spaced from the stabilizing member so that the pressure applying surfaces of the clamping member is pressed into the patient's vaginal fornix. Adjustment of the clamping member allows the sensor on the distal end thereof to locate the uterine artery a short distance from the surface of the vaginal fornix. With the clamping member adjacent to the target blood vessel, the clamping device can be closed to compress underlying tissue and thereby occlude the uterine artery. The uterine artery is located with the blood flow sensor on the distal end of the clamping member. Tension may be applied to the uterine cervix with a grasping implement (e.g., by pulling on the uterine cervix) while applying force or pressure to a vaginal wall to occlude a uterine artery.
The invention allows for the non-surgical location and occlusion of blood vessels such as the uterine artery, providing effective therapeutic treatment. Importantly, the present invention allows for the occlusion of a female patient's uterine artery without the need for radiographic equipment or for extensive training in the use of radiographic techniques. The devices and methods are simple and readily used for treating uterine fibroids, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), adenomyosis, post-partum hemorrhage, and other uterine disorders. The devices, systems and methods embodying features of the invention allow for the separate occlusion of individual uterine arteries which provides effective therapy in those situations in which the uterine anatomy will not allow for the use of a single bilateral artery occlusion device.
These and other advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying exemlary drawings.
A uterine artery clamp embodying features of the invention is preferably provided with a blood flow sensor 22, preferably a Doppler ultrasonic sensing system, on the leading surface of the jaw 14. This sensor location allows the operator to more easily guide the jaw 14 to the location of the patient's target uterine artery. Sensor 22 is provided with a signal transmission cable 23 which is operatively connected to sensor control device 24. Cable 23 may be an insulated wire, plurality of wires, optical fiber, waveguide, or other connection effective to carry signals and/or energy or power between a sensor 22 and sensor controller 24.
Sensor 22 may be a blood flow sensor for locating a blood vessel, and may be a passive sensor, configured to detect intrinsic signals indicating the presence of a blood vessel (i.e., a sound sensor, a motion sensor, a pH sensor, or other sensor configured to detect a physical, chemical, electrical, or physiological indication of the location of a blood vessel). In other embodiments, a blood flow sensor for locating a blood vessel may be an active sensor, configured to emit energy or a signal, and configured to detect signals in response to, or derived from, the emitted energy or signal indicating the presence of a blood vessel (i.e., a source of ultrasound having an ultrasound sensor configured to detect ultrasound reflections from a blood vessel, a source of infrared radiation configured to detect reflections from a blood vessel, or other source of energy and a sensor configured to detect a response indicating the location of a blood vessel). The operation of a sensor may be aided by an energy source such as the sensor controller 24. For example, an energy source may provide electrical energy which aids an ultrasound sensor to produce and to detect ultrasound energy (as, e.g., in the MedaSonics® CardioBeat® Blood Flow Doppler with Integrated Speaker (Cooper Surgical, Inc., Trumbull Conn. 06611)). Other commercially available Doppler ultrasound sensors suitable for use in the present invention include the Koven model ES 100X MiniDop VRP-8 probe (St. Louis, Mo.) and the DWL/Neuro Scan Medical Systems' Multi-Dop B+ system (Sterling, Va.).
As shown in
Closure of a blood vessel, which may be partial or total, is effected by pressure applied through the wall of the patient's vaginal fornix. Sufficient pressure or force applied to the tissue of the vaginal wall to compress and to at least partially occlude the underlying uterine artery. The blood flow sensor for detecting or locating the uterine artery should be disposed on the leading face off the clamping element and generally perpendicular to the tissue-contacting surface of a jaw 14 to be effective.
A non-invasive blood vessel occluding device embodying features of the invention may be configured to lock into a clamping position. Such a locked configuration may be temporary and releasable, or may be permanent. Non-invasive blood vessel occluding devices embodying features of the invention may have a locking mechanism, such as a ratchet, configured to hold at least one pressure-applying member in a pressure-applying position. Such locking mechanisms may include a release mechanism effective to allow the cessation of pressure or force application when desired. Thus, a non-invasive blood vessel occlusion device embodying features of the invention may be configured to release a locking mechanism effective to relieve the occlusion of a blood vessel by ending the application of pressure or force that had been previously applied to occlude a blood vessel.
The uterine arteries in human females are located adjacent the vaginal mucosa at a location within a few centimeters (cm) of the vaginal fornix. As a result, for accessing and occluding a uterine artery from within the patient's vaginal canala, the dimensions of a vagina determine what size clamping device is suitable, taking into consideration that the clamping device should readily reach the vaginal fornix and be operated from outside of a patient's body. For example, a clamping device may be between about 5 to about 16 inches in length, preferably between about 6 inch to about 12 inches in length for most applications.
The ratchet members 19 and 20 are preferably releasable so that clamping member 11 of clamping device 10 can be released after the limited treatment time to re-establish blood flow to the uterine tissue.
Uterine artery clamp 10 embodying features of the invention may be made from any suitable material or combination of materials, including metals such as stainless steel and superelastic shape memory alloys such as nickel titanium alloys having a stable austenite phase at body temperature, high strength plastics, ceramics, and other materials known in the art. Biocompatible polymers such as polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyester, polyacetal and a variety of fluoropolymers can be suitable for a variety of embodiments of the invention. The device or system may be designed for single use (disposable) or may be sterilizable and capable of multiple use.
While particular forms of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent that various modifications can be made to the invention and that individual features shown in one embodiment can be combined with any or all the features of another embodiment described herein. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments illustrated. It is therefore intended that this invention be defined by the scope of the appended claims as broadly as the prior art will permit. Terms such as “element”, “member”, “device”, “sections”, “portion”, “section”, “steps” and words of similar import when used herein shall not be construed as invoking the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112(6) unless the following claims expressly use the terms “means” or “step” followed by a particular function without specific structure or action.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/355,809, entitled “Devices and Methods for Treating Vaginal Delivery PPH”, filed Jan. 30, 2003 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and from which priority is hereby claimed under 35 U.S.C. § 120.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2400251 | Nagel | May 1946 | A |
3209753 | Hawkins et al. | Oct 1965 | A |
3411505 | Nobis | Nov 1968 | A |
3777740 | Hokanson | Dec 1973 | A |
3779248 | Karman | Dec 1973 | A |
4120302 | Ziegler | Oct 1978 | A |
4226240 | Walker, Jr. | Oct 1980 | A |
4292960 | Paglione | Oct 1981 | A |
4428374 | Auburn | Jan 1984 | A |
4428379 | Robbins et al. | Jan 1984 | A |
4509528 | Sahota | Apr 1985 | A |
4650466 | Luther | Mar 1987 | A |
4757823 | Hofmeister et al. | Jul 1988 | A |
4945896 | Gade | Aug 1990 | A |
4991588 | Pflueger et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
4994069 | Ritchart et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
5037433 | Wilk et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
5081997 | Bosley, Jr. et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
5108408 | Lally | Apr 1992 | A |
5201314 | Bosley et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
5226911 | Chee et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
5261409 | Dardel | Nov 1993 | A |
5275166 | Vaitekunas et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
5289831 | Bosley | Mar 1994 | A |
5336229 | Noda | Aug 1994 | A |
5336231 | Adair | Aug 1994 | A |
5383922 | Zipes et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5427108 | Bollinger | Jun 1995 | A |
5456693 | Conston et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5458596 | Lax et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5488958 | Topel et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5496331 | Xu et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
5507744 | Tay et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
5542944 | Bhatta | Aug 1996 | A |
5549624 | Mirigian et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
5549824 | Trumpf et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
5556396 | Cohen et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5562680 | Hasson | Oct 1996 | A |
5570692 | Morinaga | Nov 1996 | A |
5582617 | Klieman et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5588960 | Edwards et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5591173 | Schifano | Jan 1997 | A |
5598841 | Taniji et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
5614204 | Cochrum | Mar 1997 | A |
5658299 | Hart | Aug 1997 | A |
5662676 | Koninckx | Sep 1997 | A |
5662680 | Desai | Sep 1997 | A |
5665096 | Yoon | Sep 1997 | A |
5672153 | Lax et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
5672172 | Zupkas | Sep 1997 | A |
5674243 | Hale | Oct 1997 | A |
5691314 | Hodgen | Nov 1997 | A |
5697937 | Toma | Dec 1997 | A |
5697942 | Palti | Dec 1997 | A |
5702407 | Kaji | Dec 1997 | A |
5713371 | Sherman et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5713896 | Nardella | Feb 1998 | A |
5713942 | Stern et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5715832 | Koblish et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5716389 | Walinsky et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5720743 | Bischof et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5749879 | Middleman et al. | May 1998 | A |
5759154 | Hoyns | Jun 1998 | A |
5766135 | Terwilliger | Jun 1998 | A |
5776129 | Mersch | Jul 1998 | A |
5792059 | Furia et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5797397 | Rosenberg | Aug 1998 | A |
5800378 | Edwards et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5817022 | Vesely | Oct 1998 | A |
5836906 | Edwards | Nov 1998 | A |
5840033 | Takeuchi | Nov 1998 | A |
5895386 | Odell et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5895395 | Yeung | Apr 1999 | A |
5899861 | Friemel et al. | May 1999 | A |
5904651 | Swanson et al. | May 1999 | A |
5910484 | Haupert, Jr. | Jun 1999 | A |
5911691 | Mochizuki et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5916173 | Kirsner | Jun 1999 | A |
5921933 | Sarkis et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5922008 | Gimpelson | Jul 1999 | A |
5941889 | Cermak | Aug 1999 | A |
5979453 | Savage et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6013088 | Karavidas | Jan 2000 | A |
6015541 | Greff et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
6019724 | Gronningsaeter et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6032673 | Savage et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6033398 | Farley et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6034477 | Peeters et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6035238 | Ingle et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6039693 | Seward et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6045508 | Hossack et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6066139 | Ryan et al. | May 2000 | A |
6077257 | Edwards et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6080118 | Blythe | Jun 2000 | A |
6096051 | Kortenbach et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6106473 | Violante et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6152874 | Looney et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6169914 | Hovland et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6175751 | Maizes | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6186947 | Ouchi | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6210330 | Tepper | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6231515 | Moore et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6254601 | Burbank et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6261234 | Lin | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6280441 | Ryan | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6293954 | Fogarty et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6299621 | Fogarty et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6368340 | Malecki et al. | Apr 2002 | B2 |
6371973 | Tepper | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6425867 | Vaezy et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6602251 | Burbank et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6610074 | Santilli | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6905506 | Burbank et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
20020111537 | Taylor et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020165579 | Burbank et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020183771 | Burbank et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20020188306 | Burbank et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030018270 | Makin et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030120306 | Burbank et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
195 28 440 | Feb 1997 | DE |
200 22 012 | May 2001 | DE |
0 472 368 | Feb 1992 | EP |
0 598 579 | May 1994 | EP |
0 890 342 | Jan 1999 | EP |
1 072 282 | Jan 2001 | EP |
1 220 773 | May 1960 | FR |
2 302 025 | Jan 1997 | GB |
2 311 468 | Jan 1997 | GB |
2302025 | Jan 1997 | GB |
WO 9502370 | Jan 1995 | WO |
WO 9502371 | Jan 1995 | WO |
WO 9610365 | Apr 1996 | WO |
WO 9727897 | Aug 1997 | WO |
WO 9747246 | Dec 1997 | WO |
WO 9819713 | May 1998 | WO |
WO 9900057 | Jan 1999 | WO |
WO 9911179 | Mar 1999 | WO |
WO 0168720 | Sep 2001 | WO |
WO 0180713 | Nov 2001 | WO |
WO 0200192 | Jan 2002 | WO |
WO 0239904 | May 2002 | WO |
WO 02078521 | Oct 2002 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20040153105 A1 | Aug 2004 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 10355809 | Jan 2003 | US |
Child | 10430880 | US |