Patent Application
20120228265
The present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter configured to diffuse an arc using a field generated by a current flowing through electrodes.
A vacuum interrupter adopted in such a breaker includes a bottomed cylindrical vacuum container made of an insulating material, such as a glass material and a ceramic material, and having a highly evacuated interior, electrode bars respectively provided to both end portions of the vacuum container, spiral-ring-shaped coil electrodes provided to opposing end portions of the respective electrode bars, reinforcing members reinforcing contacts, and disc-shaped contacts. A current is passed or interrupted as the both contacts, that is, a fixed contact and a movable contact, are brought into contact with or spaced apart from each other by moving one electrode bar in an axial direction. The coil electrodes referred to herein mean coil electrodes provided with plural arc-shaped coil portions installed to the both contacts on a rear surface side in a divided manner in a circumferential direction along peripheries of the contacts and having an arm portion in the axial direction at one end of a coil and a protruding portion connected to the contacts at the other end so as to generate an axial magnetic field in a direction in which a fixed contact and a movable contact as a main electrode come close to and move apart from each other.
In the vacuum interrupter as above, the coil electrodes generate a field in the axial direction as a current is passed, and a current density is lowered for the contact surface by diffusing an arc between the contacts inevitably generated when the current is interrupted over the contact surfaces while trapping the arc within diameters of the contacts. Accordingly, the contact material outperforms in interruption capability and a current is interrupted.
In the vacuum interrupter that enhances an interruption capability by generating an axial magnetic field, an eddy current is induced at the disc-shaped contact and there is a problem that a field generated by the eddy current weakens the axial magnetic field by the coil electrode. It is known to provide radial slits to the contact to avoid the eddy current. The slits penetrating through the contact, particularly in a vacuum interrupter used in a class of high rated voltage, may possibly become a weak point portion in capability for withstanding high voltage between the opposing contacts. Hence, it is also known to provide a radial groove not penetrating through the contact to the contact on the side of the coil electrode.
When an arc is ignitiond between the fixed contact and the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter when a current is interrupted, a current (arc current) flows through the fixed contact side, that is, through the fixed-side connection conductor connected to the fixed electrode bar and through the movable contact side, that is, through the movable-side connection conductor connected to the movable electrode bar, and an electromagnetic force is generated. The electromagnetic force drives the arc in a direction in which the electromagnetic force acts and thereby moves the arc from the ignition position. As the arc moves, a large part of the current passes through a connection portion at a nearest position in the direction in which the electromagnetic force acts and then flows into the coil portion of this connection portion. In short, the current does not flow homogeneously to the respective coil portions forming the coil electrode. Accordingly, a field generated in a coil portion in which a larger amount of the current (a large part of the current) flows becomes stronger than fields generated in the other coil portions. On the contrary, because an arc has a characteristic of spreading in a region where the axial magnetic field strength is strong at or higher than a given value, an arc diffuses along a region (extending region) extending along the circumferential direction of a coil portion through which a larger amount of the current flows.
However, in a normal coil electrode, plural coil portions are merely provided in a divided manner at equal length. Consequently, an arc intensifies in a relatively narrow area along the extending region of one of the equally divided coil portions. This raises a problem that the main electrode (contact) is damaged or consumed significantly due to local overheating and an interruption capability is deteriorated by overheating. It is therefore known to make a coil portion at a particular point longer than the other coil portions instead of the coil portions having an equally divided length.
Patent Document 1: JP-T-1-502546,
Patent Document 2: JP-A-2004-39432,
The term, “JP-T”, referred to herein means a published Japanese translation of a PCT patent application.
Problems that the Invention is to Solve
With the vacuum interrupter in the related art, in order to obtain electrodes satisfying enhancement of an interruption capability and enhancement of a capability for withstanding high voltage at the same time, it is necessary to provide a groove to a contact so as not to penetrate through the contact by mechanical processing and further to form a coil electrode of a particular shape . In particular, it is necessary to design a coil electrode of a particular shape by giving considerations to influences of an electromagnetic force by an outside connection terminal in a breaker assembled state. Because this is an exclusive design, in a case where the vacuum interrupter is manufactured by combining forging and mechanical processing for a cost saving, many forging dies are required depending on specifications, such as an interruption current value, and a combination with a breaker. Hence, the coil electrodes have to be manufactured by a high-mix low-volume lot, which increases the price relatively high.
The invention has an object to provide a vacuum interrupter that solves the problems above and can be provided at a low cost in a simple shape while satisfying enhancement of the interruption capability and enhancement of the capability for withstanding high voltage at the same time using electrodes that generate an axial magnetic field.
A vacuum interrupter of the invention is provided with a fixed electrode and a movable electrode each having a contact and installed in a vacuum container in such a manner so as to allow both contacts to come close to and move apart from each other. The fixed electrode and the movable electrode each have a coil electrode formed of plural coil portions installed to each contact on a rear surface side in a divided manner in a circumferential direction along a periphery of the contact so that a longitudinal field is generated in a direction in which the both contacts come close to and move apart from each other. Protruding portions joined to the contacts are provided to tip ends of the respective coil portions to form joint portions to the respective contacts. A current to be flowed is controlled by changing a resistance value between a center portion of each contact and the corresponding coil electrode for each joint portion, so that an axial magnetic field distribution generated between the both electrodes is controlled.
As has been described above, by controlling respective currents flowing through the plural the coil portions of the coil electrodes provided to the fixed contact and the movable contact on the rear surface side, the invention simultaneously achieves three objects: to make it possible to diffuse an arc homogeneously across the entire contact surfaces; to form no weak point portion in capability for withstanding high voltage in each contact on the surface opposing the other; and to control eddy currents in the contacts that weaken an axial magnetic field developed by the coil electrodes. Consequently, not only does it become possible to achieve enhancement of the interruption capability and enhancement of the capability for withstanding high voltage, but it also becomes possible to provide a vacuum interrupter manufactured at low costs in a simple shape.
An arc shield 7 is supported and fixed onto the insulating cylinder 1 so as to surround a periphery of the fixed electrode 10 and the movable electrode 20. The arc shield 7 is used to suppress metal vapor caused by an arc generated between the electrodes when a current is interrupted in an amount adhering to an inner surface of the insulating cylinder 1.
The fixed electrode 10 and the movable electrode 20 of
The fixed electrode 10 (movable electrode 20) is formed of the disc-shaped fixed contact 11 (21) as a main electrode, a fixed coil electrode 12 (22) provided to the fixed contact 11 (21) on a rear surface side so as to generate an axial magnetic field in a direction in which the unillustrated movable contact 21 comes close to and moves apart from the fixed contact 11, the supporting member 17 (27) made of a high-resistance material, such as stainless steel, and mechanically supporting the fixed contact 11 (21) and the fixed coil electrode 12 (22), and the fixed electrode bar 4 (5) to which the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) together with the fixed contact 11 (21) is attached. As is shown in
The fixed coil electrode 12 (movable coil electrode 22) is formed of a ring portion 12a (22a) serving as abase portion provided continuously to the fixed electrode bar 4 (5), three arc-shaped coil portions as field generating coils provided so as to extend on a circumference along an outer rim of the ring portion 12a (22a) respectively at equally divided three positions, that is, a first coil portion 14a (24a), a second coil portion 14b (24b), and a third coil portion 14c (24c), and armportions 16a, 16b, and 16c (26a, 26b, and 26c) extending radially from the ring portion 12a (22a) to continuously join one ends of the respective coil portions to the ring portion 12a (22a). Hereinafter, the first coil portion 14a (24a), the second coil portion 14b (24b), and the third coil portion 14c (24c) are referred to also collectively as the coil portions 14 (24). Likewise, the arm portions 16a, 16b, and 16c (26a, 26b, and 26c) are referred to also collectively as the arm portions 16 (26).
Connection portions 15a, 15b, and 15c (25a, 25b, and 25c) are provided to protrude at tip ends of free ends of the respective coil portions 14 (24) so as to be in contact with the rear surface of the fixed contact 11 (movable contact 21). Hereinafter, the connection portions 15a, 15b, and 15c (25a, 25b, and 25c) are referred to also collectively as the connection portions 15 (25). The respective connection portions 15 (25) are joined to the fixed contact 11 (21) on the rear surface side by brazing and combined with the fixed contact 11 (21) into one piece. In this manner, the fixed coil electrode 12 and the movable coil electrode 22 are provided, respectively, to the fixed contact 11 and the movable contact 21 as the main electrodes on the rear surface side by the coil portions 14 (24) as plural field generating coils provided in an arc shape on the circumference about an axis set in a direction in which the both contacts 11 and 21 come close to and move apart from each other with equally divided coil lengths.
As is shown in
In the vacuum interrupter having the electrodes configured as above, an arc current flowed to center portions of the fixed contact 11 and the movable contact 21 flows to the respective joint portions of the coil electrode 12 (22) by passing through the contact cross section. However, a resistance ratio of resistance values to the respective joint portions when viewed from the center portion of the fixed contact 11 (21) varies due to a difference of the groove widths of the grooves 111, 112, and 113, and a current flowing through the connection portion 15c (25c) surrounded by the groove 111 having the largest groove width becomes the smallest. Hence, a current flowing through the third coil portion 14c (24c) and the arm portion 16c (26c) continued thereto becomes smaller than the others. Accordingly, strength of an axial magnetic field generated in this coil portion 14c (24c) becomes weaker than those in the other coil portions.
However, as is shown in
The first embodiment has described a case where the coil electrode is divided by three and the grooves provided to the fixed contact 11 (21) at three points are all different. It should be appreciated, however, that the dividing number of the coil can be changed arbitrarily to a required number depending on an interrupting current value or adjustments with the breaker and the number of differences among the grooves in the contact can be changed arbitrarily. Also, shapes of the grooves may be different in groove depth instead of groove width and further both of the groove widths and the groove depths may be different. In short, the grooves can be different in any manner as long as resistance values of the paths from the fixed contact 11 (21) to the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) can be controlled.
In the first embodiment, it is made possible to diffuse an arc homogeneously across the entire surface of the contact 11 (21) by providing the grooves 111, 112, and 113 controlling currents flowing through the respective coil portions of the coil electrode and controlling an eddy current flowing through the contact 11 (21) to the rear surfaces of the fixed contact 11 and the movable contact 21. Consequently, an interruption capability is enhanced. Further, because the grooves 111, 112, and 113 do not penetrate through the fixed contact 11 (21), no portion that becomes a weak point in capability for withstanding high voltage is formed in the fixed contact 11 on the surface opposing the movable contact 21. Hence, the capability for withstanding high voltage is enhanced at the same time. A configuration satisfying enhancement of the interruption capability and enhancement of the capability for withstanding high voltage at the same time is achieved by providing grooves to the rear surfaces of the contacts. It thus becomes possible to provide inexpensive and versatile electrodes, that is, electrodes readily adaptable to substantially all conditions, and a vacuum interrupter using these electrodes.
In the vacuum interrupter having the electrodes as above, a resistance value of the joint portion of the connection portion 15c surrounded by the groove 111A when viewed from the contact center portion becomes higher than those of the joint portions surrounded by the other grooves. Hence, a current flowing through the connection portion 15c (25c) of the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) joined to the fixed contact 11 (21) in a portion surrounded by the groove 111A and through the coil portion 14c (24c) and the arm portion 16c (26c) continued thereto becomes smaller than the others. Accordingly, strength of an axial magnetic field generated in this coil portion 14c (24c) becomes weaker than those in the other coil portions. Other functions and advantages are the same as those of the first embodiment above and a description thereof is omitted herein.
The second embodiment has described a case where the coil electrode is divided by three and only one of the grooves provided to the contact is different. It should be appreciated, however, that the dividing number of the coil can be changed arbitrarily to a required number depending on an interrupting current value or adjustments with the breaker and the number of the grooves in the contact can be changed arbitrarily, too. Also, a shape of the groove may be changed from one place to another.
In the second embodiment, it is made possible to diffuse an arc homogeneously across the entire surface of the contact 11 (21) by providing the grooves 111A, 112, and 113 used to control currents flowing through the respective coil portions 14 (24) of the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) and to control an eddy current flowing through the contact 11 (21) to the rear surface of the fixed contact 11 (21). Hence, an interruption capability is enhanced. Further, because the grooves 111A, 112, and 113 do not penetrate through the fixed contact 11 (21), no portion that becomes a weak point in capability for withstanding high voltage is formed in the fixed contact 11 on the surface opposing the movable contact 21. Accordingly, the capability for withstanding high voltage is enhanced at the same time. A configuration satisfying enhancement of the interruption capability and enhancement of the capability for withstanding high voltage at the same time is achieved by providing grooves to the rear surfaces of the contacts. It thus becomes possible to provide inexpensive and versatile electrodes, that is, electrodes readily adaptable to substantially all conditions, and a vacuum interrupter using these electrodes.
In the vacuum interrupter having the electrodes configured as above, by adjusting a thickness of the thin portion 120 to make a resistance value larger than those in the other joint portions, a current flowing through the connection portion 15c (25c) of the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) joined to the fixed contact 11 (21) in the thin portion 120 and through the coil portion 14c (24c) and the arm portion 16c (26c) continued thereto becomes smaller than the others. Accordingly, strength of an axial magnetic field generated in this coil portion 14c (24c) becomes weaker than those in the other coil portions. Other functions and advantages are the same as those of the first embodiment above.
The third embodiment has described a case where the coil electrode is divided by three. It should be appreciated, however, that the dividing number of the coil can be changed arbitrarily to a required number and the number of the grooves in the contact 11 (21) can be changed arbitrarily, too. Further, a thickness of the thin portion 120 can be set arbitrarily. In addition, a shape of the groove may be changed arbitrarily as in the first embodiment above and an outline of the thin portion 120 can be changed arbitrarily, too.
In the third embodiment, it is made possible to diffuse an arc homogeneously across the entire surface of the contact (21) by providing the contact thin portion 120 used to control currents flowing through the respective coil portions 14 (24) of the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) and the grooves 112 and 113 used to control an eddy current flowing through the contact 11 (21) to the rear surfaces of the fixed contact and the movable contact 21. Hence, an interruption capability is enhanced. Further, because the grooves 112 and 113 do not penetrate through the fixed contact 11 (21), no portion that becomes a weak point in capability for withstanding high voltage is formed in the fixed contact 11 on the surface opposing the movable contact 21. Hence, the capability for withstanding high voltage is enhanced at the same time. A configuration satisfying enhancement of the interruption capability and enhancement of the capability for withstanding high voltage at the same time is achieved by providing the grooves 112 and 113 and the thin portion 120 on the rear surface of the contact 11 (21). It thus becomes possible to provide inexpensive and versatile electrodes, that is, electrodes readily adaptable to substantially all conditions, and a vacuum interrupter using these electrodes. In particular, a range of the current value controlled by the current control by the contact thin portion 120 can be broadened.
In the vacuum interrupter having the electrodes configured as above, because a current actively flows into the oxygen-free copper plate 130 having higher electric conductivity than the fixed contact 11 (21), the oxygen-free copper plate 130 has the notch portion 131. Herein, resistance of the joint portion connecting the connection portion 15c (25c) of the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) directly to the fixed contact 11 (21) is larger than those in the other joint portions. Hence, a current flowing through the connection portion 15c (25c) of the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) joined directly to the fixed contact 11 (21) in the notch portion 131 of the oxygen-free copper plate 130 and through the coil portion 14c (24c) and the arm portion 16c (26c) continued thereto becomes smaller than the others. Accordingly, strength of an axial magnetic field generated in this coil portion 14c (24c) becomes weaker than those in the other coil portions. Other functions and advantages are same as those of the first embodiment above. It should be appreciated that the number and the shape of the notch portion 131 of the oxygen-free copper plate 130 and the number and the shape of grooves or slits can be changed arbitrarily.
In the fourth embodiment, it is made possible to diffuse an arc homogeneously across the entire surface of the contact 11 (21) by providing the notch portion 131 of the oxygen-free copper plate 130 used to control currents flowing through the respective coil portions 14 (24) of the fixed coil electrode 12 (22) and the slits 111B, 112B, and 113B or grooves to suppress an eddy current flowing through the contact 11 (21) to the rear surface of the fixed contact 11 (21). Hence, an interruption capability is enhanced. Further, because the oxygen-free copper plate 130 is joined to the rear surface of the contact 11 (21), no portion that becomes a weak point in capability for withstanding high voltage is generated in the fixed contact 11 on the surface opposing the movable contact 21. Hence, the capability for withstanding high voltage is enhanced at the same time. A configuration satisfying enhancement of the interruption capability and enhancement of the capability for withstanding high voltage at the same time is achieved by the oxygen-free copper plate 130 joined to the rear surface of the contact 11 (21). It thus becomes possible to provide inexpensive and versatile electrodes and a vacuum interrupter using these electrodes. In particular, it becomes possible to manufacture the oxygen-free copper plate 130 by pressing when the oxygen-free copper plate 130 is of a shape having the notch portion 131 and the slits 111B, 112B, and 113B and a plate thickness of 4 mm or less. Accordingly, more inexpensive electrodes can be manufactured. It should be appreciated that the oxygen-free copper plate 130 is a mere example of a material having higher electric conductivity than the fixed contact 11 (21). It goes without saying that the same advantages can be achieved when another material having high electric conductivity, for example, a conductive plate, such as copper alloy having high electric conductivity, is used as an alternative.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-010154 | Jan 2010 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/060195 | 6/16/2010 | WO | 00 | 5/11/2012 |
