Patent Application
20060005823
This invention relates to a valve assembly for a compressed gas gun, and a compressed gas gun incorporating the valve assembly.
Paintball is a sporting game having two teams of players usually trying to capture one another's flag. The sport is played on a large field with opposing home bases at each end. Each team's flag is located at the player's home base. In addition, all of the players have compressed gas guns, referred to herein as either “compressed gas guns” or “paintball markers”, that shoot projectiles commonly referred to as paintballs. These paintballs are generally spherical gelatin capsules filled with paint. During play of the sport, the players on each team advance towards the opposing team's base in hopes of stealing the opposing team's flag, without being eliminated from the war game. A player is eliminated from the game when the player is hit by a paintball fired from an opposing player's marker. When the paintball hits a player, a “splat” of paint is left on the player.
Compressed gas guns (launching mechanisms) using compressed gas or air for firing projectiles are well known. As used herein, compressed gas gun refers to any gun or similar launching mechanism for use in sport wherein a projectile is fired via the force of compressed gas, and includes paintball markers. As used herein, projectiles refers to both paintballs, and other projectiles used in sport and game play.
Paintball markers have two basic mechanisms working in conjunction for firing a paintball from the marker during a firing operation. One of these mechanisms is for loading a paintball in the breech of a paintball marker, and usually involves a bolt that reciprocates from a loading position, allowing a projectile into the breech, to a firing position. A valving system is employed to release compressed gas from a source of compressed gas to fire the projectile from the marker.
Several types of compressed gas guns are available in the paintball sport field. These fall into two main classes or “actions”: the “open bolt” action and the “closed bolt” action.
In the open bolt action, two chambers (upper and lower) are provided in a gun body. The upper chamber houses the bolt. The lower chamber houses a hammer and a valve, such as a pin type or poppet valve, also referred to as an exhaust or firing valve. The valve that controls the opening and closing of a flow passage between a high pressure chamber, and the upper chamber and bolt. The bolt moves during firing and returns to the loading (open) position after firing, in most cases by “blow back” gas pressure, thus the term “open bolt.” A spring biases the bolt and/or hammer forward. The bolt and hammer are sometimes connected by a mechanical linkage, thus moving together. When the bolt is cocked in the loading position, the hammer is held in place such as by a sear. Releasing the sear by actuation (pulling) of the trigger allows the hammer and bolt to move forward by spring force. The bolt, in the firing position, is in alignment with the flow passage of the valve. In the firing position, the hammer impacts the valve, releasing high pressure compressed gas. The compressed gas flow through the flow passage, through the aperture in the bolt, and fires the chambered projectile.
In the closed bolt action, the bolt and hammer are arranged to move independently, thereby allowing for less “bounce” or “kick” when the gun is fired, since the bolt is not moving when the valve released compressed gas. The “closed bolt” action is referred to as such because the bolt is in the firing position, and paintballs are already chamber, prior to a mechanism such as a hammer opening the valve. In a closed bolt action paintball marker, a projectile is already chambered, and when the trigger is pulled, the hammer is released, striking the valve and sending gas through the bolt, thus firing a paintball.
A cross sectional side view of an illustrative prior art closed bolt mechanically cocking, or “automatically cocking,” compressed gas gun 200 is shown in
A firing valve 214 is provided in the lower chamber having a stem 216 facing the hammer 210, and a valve seat 218 on the opposite side of the firing valve 214. The firing valve 214 is normally of a spring-biased poppet valve, as is known in the art. A high pressure chamber 240 receives compressed gas under pressure from a compressed gas source (not shown) adjacent the seat 218. Generally, in the sport of paintball for example, the source of high pressure compressed gas is a compressed gas tank, as is well known in the art.
As shown in
A ram 228 is provided as a means for reciprocating the back block 224. The ram 228 performs as a pneumatically operated piston, and is connected to the back block 224 via a linking rod 230. A valve 232, generally of the “three-way” variety, positioned at a forward portion of the gun 200, is used to control the supply compressed gas to move the ram 228. In mechanically operating guns, a trigger 234 housed in a trigger frame 248 is mechanically linked to the valve 232. Actuating (pulling) the trigger 234 mechanically operates the three-way valve 232, allowing compressed gas to move the ram 228 which in turn moves the linking rod 230 and back block 224 rearward, placing the bolt in a loading position.
The cocking rod 208 is additionally moved rearward by the movement of the back block 224, which catches the rear end of the cocking rod 208 during the back block's rearward movement. By movement of the cocking rod 208, the hammer 210 is placed in a “cocked” position, with sear 236 holding hammer 210 in a cocked position. When the trigger is pulled and the sear 236 is released, it operates the three-way valve, which allows compressed gas to contact the rearward portion of the ram. The back block 224 moves forward, biasing the bolt 220 to a firing position. Pulling (actuating) the trigger moves the sear 236 away from the hammer 210, the hammer 210 is now released for forward motion, the spring 212 biases the hammer 210 forward to hit the valve stem 216. Upon contact by the hammer 210, the firing valve 214 opens to send compressed gas through the bolt 220, and the projectile 226 is fired. The bolt 220 will remain in the firing position (closed bolt) until the next firing operation is initiated by the trigger. A compressed gas gun 10 of the closed bolt “automatically cocking” closed bolt action type is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,763,822. While a mechanically operated paintball marker of the “automatically cocking” closed bolt type is shown, electronic closed bolt markers are available that operate with electronically operated trigger or valving systems.
As can be discerned from the above description, the mechanical back block, cocking rod and sear arrangement is not efficient, nor is the ram/three-way valve arrangement.
The consistency which compressed gas is released to fire a projectile greatly impacts the accuracy of a paintball marker. It would be advantageous to have a compressed gas gun where a novel valve mechanism is provided in place of the known assemblies discussed above.
Briefly stated, the present invention is directed to a novel valve assembly for a compressed gas gun. The novel valve assembly can be utilized in either a closed bolt or an open bolt action compressed gas gun, although it is preferred that the novel valve assembly be incorporated into a closed bolt action compressed gas gun.
A valve assembly according to the present invention includes a valve housing having a first end and a second end. A selectively closeable flow path runs through the valve housing. A valve body is disposed in the valve housing. The valve body is moveable, by the force of compressed gas (pneumatically) and/or by a spring, from a first position closing the flow path to a second position opening the flow path. The valve body has a channel therethrough. A secondary chamber is located on a side of the valve body opposite the flow path in communication with the channel. An exhaust port is provided in communication with the secondary chamber. A selectively actuable solenoid is provided adjacent the secondary exhaust port, the solenoid is adapted to selectively open the secondary exhaust port.
A compressed gas gun utilizing the valve assembly of the present invention includes a compressed gas gun body having a breech, and a bolt moveable within the breech from a loading position to a firing position. The bolt has an aperture therethrough. A valve assembly is provided, including a valve housing having a first end and a second end. A selectively closeable flow path runs through the valve housing. A valve body is disposed in the valve housing. The valve body is pneumatically moveable from a first position closing the flow path to a second position opening the flow path. The valve body has a channel therethrough. A secondary chamber is provided located on a side of the valve body opposite the flow path in communication with the channel. An exhaust port is provided in communication with the secondary chamber. A solenoid is provided adjacent the secondary exhaust port, the solenoid adapted to selectively open the secondary exhaust port. The aperture of the bolt is positioned for fluid communication with the flow path when the bolt is in the firing position and the valve assembly is in the open position. A second valve assembly according to the present invention may be provided for controlling the pneumatic movement of the bolt.
The present invention is also directed to a method for converting a closed bolt action compressed gas gun with a valve assembly of the present invention.
The present invention eliminates the cocking rod and hammer arrangement, and may also eliminate the ram and/or the three-way valve, of known “automatically cocking” closed bolt compressed gas guns, and provides a simple, efficient pneumatic firing system that may be electronically controlled. An open bolt arrangement using the novel valve assembly of the present invention is also provided. In addition, the valve assembly of the present invention can be used to replace existing valves in compressed gas guns to increase performance.
Additional objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the pertinent arts upon reading the following detailed description of a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, which illustrates the best mode contemplated for practicing the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Certain terminology is used in the following detailed description for convenience only and is not considered limiting. Several embodiments of a valve assembly of the present invention and a compressed gas gun incorporating the valve assembly is disclosed here and in the Figures. For clarity, within this document all reference to the top and bottom of the compressed gas gun and valve assembly will correspond to the compressed gas gun as oriented in
As shown in
As shown in
In one embodiment, of the valve assembly 32 a valve body 48 (which may be a spool or poppet valve or other acceptable valve body) is located within the valve housing 46. The valve housing 46 has a main valve port 47 provided as an opening in the valve housing 46 for communication of compressed gas from a compressed gas source. The main valve port 47 comprises part of the flow passage 70, described in greater detail below.
The valve body 48 is moveable from a ready-to-fire or first position, shown in
In a ready-to-fire or first position or closed position, the first or forward end 52 of valve body 48 rests against seat 54 adjacent opening 20. In a firing position or second position or open position, valve body 48 is moved away from seat 54, as will be described in greater detail below. A flow passage 70 (also referred to as a “flow path”, both “flow passage” and “flow path” being used interchangeably herein) is provided through the valve housing 46 and provides fluid communication between the high pressure chamber 34 and the aperture 30 of the bolt 18 of a compressed gas gun (shown in
A secondary chamber 58 is provided adjacent the second or rearward portion 62 of the valve body 48. The secondary chamber 58 is located within the valve housing 46 opposite opening 20. A secondary exhaust port 60 is provided as a channel running through the second portion 62 of the valve housing 46, which, when open, provides fluid communication between secondary chamber 58 and exhaust channel 63.
A solenoid 64 is provided adjacent the secondary exhaust port 60. The solenoid 64 includes a solenoid plunger 66, having a sealing portion 68. The solenoid 64 is electrically operable by actuation of the trigger 36, as will be described in greater detail below. The sealing portion 68 may be formed as a plug from an elastic material adapted for sealing air or gas channels, such as, for example, any rubber or silicone material. The solenoid plunger 66 is moveable, such that in a first or loading position shown in
The second portion 75 of the valve body 48 divides the valve housing 46 into a first pressure area 71 including the portions of the valve body 48 in contact with compressed gas forward of the second portion 75, and a second pressure area 72, including the portions of the valve body 48 in contact with compressed gas rearward of the second portion 75 when the solenoid 64 is not activated, and secondary exhaust port 60 is closed. It is appreciated that high pressure gas acts on both sides of the second portion 75. The movement of the valve body 48, is controlled, at least in part, by the different pressure forces acting on the valve body 48 from the first pressure area 71 and the second pressure area 72.
When the solenoid 64 is inactivate, the sealing portion 68 of the solenoid plunger 66 closes the secondary exhaust port 60, and compressed gas flows through the channel 50 in the valve body 48, from the high pressure chamber 34 to collect in the secondary chamber 58. When the secondary exhaust port 60 is closed, the effective surface area, or pressure area, in the second pressure area 72 is greater than effective surface area, or pressure area, in the high pressure chamber 34. The compressed gas accumulated in the second pressure area 72 exerts a pressure force on the valve body 48 that is greater than the opposing pressure force exerted by the compressed gas in the high pressure chamber 34, forcing the valve body to a first or closed position, with at least a portion of the first portion 52 of valve body 48 pressed against seat 54, as shown in
It is appreciated that, rather than a channel 50 running through the valve body 48 to channel compressed gas from the high pressure chamber 34 to the secondary chamber 58, other channels in the gun body 12 or hoses or ports in the valve housing 48 could be employed to accomplish the same effect, so long as compressed gas is channeled to the secondary chamber 58.
When the sealing portion 68 of the solenoid plunger 66 is moved away from the secondary exhaust port 60, as shown in
When the valve body 48 is in the second position, which is considered the “open” or firing position, flow passage 70 is opened, thereby allowing compressed gas from the high pressure chamber 34 to flow through flow passage 70. The compressed gas flowing through the flow passage 70 of the valve assembly 32 may, for example, be used to fire a projectile from the compressed gas gun, as will be described in greater detail below. The valve assembly of the present invention may also be used to control the movement of the bolt of a compressed gas gun, as shown in
To close the valve body 48, the secondary chamber 58 is closed when the solenoid plunger 66 returns to an inactivated or ready-to-fire position, sealing secondary exhaust port 60. The secondary chamber 58 re-fills with compressed gas flowing thru the channel 50. The compressed gas pressure balance again shifts the valve assembly 32 to a closed position.
Referring now to
As shown in
The gun body 12, shown in
A trigger frame 92 having a grip portion 94 may also be attached to the gun body 12. The trigger frame 92 includes a trigger guard 98 that protects the trigger 24, and may also house assemblies, a power source such as a battery 40, and electronic control circuitry 96 for operation of components of the compressed gas gun, described in greater detail below. The electronic control circuitry 96 may include a microprocessor for controlling a firing operation of the gun 10.
A bolt 18 is provided within the breech 16. The bolt 18 has a bolt aperture 30 therethrough, permitting the passage of compressed gas for firing a projectile. The bolt 18 is moveable from a first, forward, or firing position adjacent the forward end of the upper chamber 14 as shown in
A novel valve assembly and mechanism for operating the bolt of a compressed gas is also provided. In the example, the compressed gas gun is of the closed bolt type action. It is appreciated that in the closed bolt arrangement of the valve assembly 32 of the present invention, the bolt 18 moves completely independently of the valve assembly 32 (which can be considered the “firing” valve assembly for firing projectiles 26 from the gun 10), and the bolt movement is not dependent on operation of the valve assembly 32. In addition, the compressed gas flowing through the valve assembly 32 is not used to move the bolt 18, with the bolt 18 operated independently by a separate valve and or a combination of a separate valve and spring, as described in detail below.
As shown in
The second portion 114 of the valve body 84 has at least a portion that is preferably larger than first portion 88 of the valve body 84. The second portion 114 of the valve body 84 divides the valve assembly into a first pressure area 128 rearward, in
The valve housing 82 has a secondary chamber 110 at a second portion 114 of the valve housing 82. A secondary exhaust port 112 is provided. A solenoid 102 is provided, having a solenoid plunger 104 biased by a solenoid spring 105, with a sealing portion 106 adapted to close the secondary exhaust port 112. As can be seen from
It is appreciated that either valve assembly 32 or valve assembly 80 may be oriented in a different direction than pictured in the attached Figures and described herein, such as vertically oriented in relation to the longitudinal axis of the gun 10, with either the valve housing positioned top-most, or the solenoid positioned top-most. The orientation of either valve assembly 32 or valve assembly 80 may be changed according to the needs of a user, and is not limited to the orientations shown in the attached Figures.
The bolt 18 may be operated by the novel valve assembly 82 according to the present invention as follows. First chamber 78 receives compressed gas from a compressed gas source (not shown). When the solenoid 102 is not activated, sealing portion 106 of solenoid plunger 104 closes secondary exhaust port 112, and the valve assembly 80 operates as previously described. According to this embodiment, a bolt spring 124 is provided rearward of the bolt 18 in the upper chamber 14. Bolt spring 124 biases bolt 18 to the forward or firing position.
According to this embodiment, a flow passage 108 is provided between the first chamber 78 and a bolt piston passage 116, as shown in
As shown in
When valve assembly 80 is opened by actuating solenoid 102, the flow passage 108 is opened, and bolt piston 120 moves rearwardly under pressure from compressed gas flowing through flow passage 108, until it contacts bolt pin 122. The compressed gas pressure flowing through flow passage 108 must be forceful enough to overcome bias of bolt spring 124. Further rearward movement of bolt piston 120 will move bolt pin 122 rearward, thereby “cocking” the gun 10 by moving the bolt 18 to a loading position. In the loading position, a projectile 26 can move from the infeed tube 28 to the breech 16.
Once the solenoid 102 ceases being actuated, valve assembly 80 closes, based on the pressure in the second chamber 110 increasing and moving the valve body 84 to a closed position against the seat 90, closing flow passage 108, and venting compressed gas from bolt piston passage 116 to atmosphere through ports 81 (a) and 81(b). The compressed gas pressure in the bolt piston passage 116 is no longer sufficient to overcome the bias of bolt spring 124. Thus, bolt spring 124 moves bolt 18 to its forward or firing position. As bolt 18 moves forward, the bolt pin 122 contacts bolt piston 120, and bolt piston 120 is returned to the forward portion of the bolt piston passage 116.
During the firing operation of a closed bolt action design of a compressed gas gun using one or more valve assemblies according to the present invention, the electronic control circuitry 96 may be set to cycle the valve assemblies 32, 80 upon actuation (pulling) of the trigger, to provide for firing of the gun by first having the bolt cycle from a forward or firing position, to a rearward or loading position, and back to a firing position thereby chambering a projectile, and then having a valve assembly such as valve assembly 32 operate to provide high pressure compressed gas for firing a chambered projectile. Thus, where a forward valve assembly 80 is employed for moving the bolt 18, upon actuation of the trigger, the solenoid 102 will be actuated, and valve assembly 80 will open and close, thereby causing the bolt 18 to cycle from a loading position to a firing position to chamber a projectile. Then, the valve assembly 32 would be actuated for firing the projectile.
Once bolt 18 is in its firing position, the bolt aperture 30 is positioned adjacent firing port 15, and is therefore in fluid communication with the flow passage 70 of valve assembly 32, as shown in
An alternate embodiment of the valve assembly is shown in
The valve body 136 is moveable from a first, closed position as shown in
A seat 142 is provided adjacent the first end 138 of the valve housing 134. An channel 144 runs through the valve body 136. A valve spring 146 is provided within the valve housing 134 adjacent the second end 140, assisting in biasing the valve body 136 toward the seat 142. An orifice plate 148 is provided adjacent the second end 140 of the valve housing 134 having an orifice channel 149, and enclosing a secondary chamber 150 adjacent the second end 140 of the valve housing 134. The orifice plate 148 has a secondary channel 152 therethrough. A solenoid 154 is provided having a solenoid plunger 156 and a sealing portion 158 is provided, for sealing the a secondary channel 152. A solenoid spacer 159 can be provided for threadably or otherwise securing the solenoid 154 to the orifice plate 148. A solenoid spring 155 biases the solenoid to a first position, sealing the a secondary channel 152. A set screw 188 may be provided in a threaded opening the valve housing 134. A rod spacer 161 can be provided to fill the space in a gun body where a cocking rod and hammer of a prior art closed bolt compressed gas gun would be, when using valve assembly 132 as a replacement component.
This embodiment operates similar to the previously described embodiments, with the addition of a spring assist by spring 146 that works in conjunction with the effective surface area difference to return the valve body 136 to the closed position more quickly. A compressed gas gun 160 incorporating this embodiment is shown in
The valve assembly 132 is provided in lower chamber 166. A high pressure chamber 172 is provided adjacent valve assembly 132 for supplying compressed gas from a compressed gas source to the valve assembly 132 via opening 135. The gun 160 operates as previously described, with movement of the valve body 136 assisted by the valve spring 146. Prior to initiating a firing operation, the valve spring 146 biases valve assembly 132 to a closed position. In addition, the movement of the valve body 136 to a closed position is assisted by compressed gas flowing through channel 144 from the high pressure chamber 172 to the secondary chamber 150 and accumulating in the secondary chamber 150, as previously described. Due to the imbalance in pressure force on the valve body 136 caused by the difference in pressure on effective surface areas of first portion 176 if valve body 136 and first pressure area 188, in comparison to the second pressure area 189, the valve body 136 is forced against seat 142, and the valve assembly 132 is in a closed position.
Actuating (pulling) the trigger 184 sends an electrical signal to actuate the solenoid 154. Actuating the solenoid 154 moves solenoid plunger 156 away from secondary channel 152. Compressed gas from the secondary chamber 150 vents through secondary channel 152. The pressure imbalance forces valve body 136 toward the second end 140 of the valve housing 134, against bias of valve spring 146, opening flow passage 174. When the bolt 168 is in the firing position, with bolt aperture aligned with flow passage 174, compressed gas will flow through the valve housing 134 from the high pressure chamber 172 to the bolt aperture 170, firing a projectile 186 from the gun 160. The bolt 168 may be moved from a loading to a firing position as previously described, with a 3-way valve and ram arrangement as in the closed bolt “automatically cocking” style markers, or with compressed gas supplied to the forward end and rear end of the bolt.
When the solenoid 154 is not activated (electricity is no longer supplied), the solenoid plunger 156 will return to its original position, with the sealing portion 158 closing off the secondary channel 152. The valve assembly 132 will then close.
It is appreciated that the valve housing may house the solenoid, or the solenoid may be included as a separate assembly.
Unique features of the valve assembly of the present invention are apparent. The valve assembly of the present invention uses the high pressure gas from a high pressure chamber to provide the force that opens and closes the valve. This means that no secondary regulation is required. It also means the valve assembly provides a valve and compressed gas gun using the valve with minimal parts and porting.
By using the high pressure compressed gas in the high pressure chamber to move the valve, the valve assembly can be opened and closed quickly and with virtually no lag time. This make for efficient use of air.
The valve assembly of the present invention can have the air channels or ports that allow communication between the front and back of the valve or spool drilled straight through the valve itself, eliminating costly or large ports or air lines.
The seal on the front of the valve can be adapted to any pressure or assembly method, including a face seal, a tapered seal, or a radial seal.
The valve assembly can also be used to close off or open up other channels or ports used by compressed gas guns. This can turn a valve from a “2-way” valve into a “3-way” or multi-way valve.
The valve assembly can be sized to operate at any pressure and flow rate making suitable as the main firing valve of a compressed gas gun, or as a secondary valve that moves a “bolt” to chamber a projectile.
Since only a small volume of air needs to be vented in order to allow the valve body to move, a very small secondary valve such as a solenoid can be used to accomplish this.
It is contemplated that a compressed gas gun made according to the present invention may include a bolt that reciprocates by a ram, rod and back block arrangement, or may include a bolt that reciprocates by blow back gas, a spring arrangement, or by alternately directing compressed gas to the forward and rearward portions of the bolt. Any means for reciprocating the bolt may be used without departing from the present invention. In the closed bolt arrangement, the bolt movement should be independent from the movement of the pneumatic assembly, as discussed in greater detail below.
The valve assembly of the present invention may also be used to convert an existing “automatically cocking” compressed gas gun to include the valve assembly disclosed herein. In that case, the original cocking rod, cocking spring, hammer and/or three-way valve may be replaced by one or more valve assemblies of the present invention. As shown in
An “in-line” embodiment (as opposed to a “stacked” or top/bottom arrangement as in the previous embodiments), of a valve assembly according to the present invention is shown in
The valve body 254 is moveable within the valve housing 252 from a first position adjacent the first end 256 of valve housing 256, to a second position adjacent the second end 258. The valve body 254 is provided with an enlarged portion 260 positioned within channel 262 adjacent the second end 258 of the valve housing 252. In the first position, the valve body 254 may selectively close a flow passage 326, as shown in
Channel 262 runs along at least a portion of the length of valve body 254. The enlarged portion 260 may be fitted with an O-ring 264 to assist in sealing the channel 262. The valve body 254 has a first end 284 that is adapted to close opening 286 in main valve port 280 when the valve body 254 is in the first or closed position.
An inlet port 282 is provided as an opening in the valve housing 252 in communication with channel 262 forward the enlarged portion 260. The inlet port 282 is adapted to receive compressed gas from a source of compressed gas (not shown). A secondary exhaust port 266 is provided adjacent the second end 258 of the valve housing 252.
A solenoid 268 is provided adjacent the secondary exhaust port 266. The solenoid 268 may be housed within the valve housing 252, as shown in
The valve assembly 250 operates as follows. When the solenoid is not activated, sealing portion 272 of solenoid plunger 270 closes secondary exhaust port 266, as shown in
When the solenoid is activated, the solenoid plunger 270 is moved away from secondary exhaust port 266, as shown in
A compressed gas gun 292 employing this embodiment of the valve assembly 250 of the present invention may operate as follows. Referring to
A bolt section 298 of the chamber 296 houses a bolt 306 moveable from a rearward or loading position to a forward or firing position. The bolt 306 is biased to a loading position by bolt spring 308. Thus, the gun 292 is designed to operate from an open bolt action. A bolt piston 312 is provided as a pneumatically moveable piston attached to a portion of the bolt 306, and adapted to extend into main valve port 280. A bolt aperture 314 is provided as a channel running through a portion of the bolt 306. A valve section 310 of the chamber 296 houses the valve assembly 250.
As shown in
When the main valve port 280 is open, compressed gas forces the bolt piston 312 forward, thereby moving the bolt 306 to a firing position, as shown in
Trigger 26 can be provided as a trigger 26 activating an electronic switch 320, as shown in
Having thus described in detail several embodiments of the attachment system of the present invention, it is to be appreciated and will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many physical changes, only a few of which are exemplified in the detailed description of the invention, could be made without altering the inventive concepts and principles embodied therein. It is also to be appreciated that numerous embodiments incorporating only part of the preferred embodiment are possible which do not alter, with respect to those parts, the inventive concepts and principles embodied therein. The present embodiment and optional configurations are therefore to be considered in all respects as exemplary and/or illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all alternate embodiments and changes to this embodiment which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of said claims are therefore to be embraced therein.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/578,431, filed Jun. 10, 2004, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60578431 | Jun 2004 | US |
