Patent Application
20150292341
This application claims priority to European application 14164014.4 filed Apr. 9, 2014, the contents of which are hereby incorporated in its entirety.
The present invention relates to the technology of turbo machines. It refers to a vane carrier for a compressor or a turbine section of an axial turbo machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Gas turbines usually comprise a compressor section, a combustor and at least one turbine. Within the compressor section alternating rows of running blades and guiding vanes interact with the combustion air as it is compressed in an annular gas channel to be used in the combustor for burning a fuel. While the running blades are mounted on a central rotor, the guiding vanes are stationary and mounted on suitable compressor vane carriers (CVCs), which concentrically surround and border the gas channel.
It is well-known in the prior art to use CVCs completely made of low thermal expansion material, e.g. a Ni-base alloy. When applied to an industrial (stationary) gas turbine (GT) of, for example, 50 MW power, this design is advantageous, because it brings a high clearance reduction and thus improves the overall efficiency of the machine. However, it is extremely expensive for a large GT to have a CVC, which is completely made of low thermal expansion material.
It has therefore already been proposed to use a hybrid design of the CVC, where the cylindrical part is made of several segments made of standard, low alloyed steel and the supporting structure, which is defining the clearances, made of low thermal expansion material (see document US 2012/0045312 A1). This solution has its disadvantages, because the segmented, cylindrical part is assumed to be prone to significant thermal distortions. This is because the segments are relatively long and do not support each other. Also, the longitudinal gaps between the segments could be a source of excitation for the compressor blading.
Document WO 2010023150 A1 relates to a guide vane support for an axial-flow, stationary gas turbine, comprising a tubular wall with an inflow-side end and an outflow-side end opposite the inflow-side end for fluid flowing within the guide vane support in a flow path of the gas turbine, wherein at least one cooling channel for a coolant is provided in the wall. In order to provide a guide vane support that is suitable for especially high operating temperatures and that can nevertheless be manufactured comparatively inexpensively, it is proposed that the turbine vane support be designed in multi-layered fashion—as seen in the radial direction. The different layers of the guide vane support can be connected together using hot isostatic pressing, wherein the inner layers of the guide vane support can be manufactured from a high-temperature resistant material, whereas the exterior layers of the guide vane support can be manufactured from a less temperature resistant material. Also, by designing the guide vane support in multi-layered fashion, it is very easy to manufacture cooling channels inside the wall of the guide vane support. Although the use of expensive high temperature material is reduced, the manufacturing of the multi-layer elements is still expensive and time-consuming.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a CVC, which is easy to manufacture, less expensive and reduces the compressor running clearances while keeping same pinch point clearances, i.e. causes a performance increase while keeping same rubbing risk.
This and other objects are obtained by a vane carrier according to claim 1.
The vane carrier according to the invention is provided for a compressor or a turbine section of an axial turbo machine, especially one of a gas turbine, steam turbine, compressor, and expander. Said vane carrier comprises least a first and second functional means, whereby said first functional means is a cylinder made of a material with a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) below 1.3×10−5 [1/K], which cylinder is provided for carrying a plurality of vanes on its inner side, and whereby said second functional means is a support structure made of a material different to and less expensive than the material of said first functional means, which support structure is provided for defining an axial and lateral position of said first functional means within an outer casing of said axial turbo machine.
According to an embodiment of the invention said cylinder is split at a split plane and consists of two or more cylindrical parts, which are connected together.
Specifically, said split plane is a horizontal or vertical or general axial plane.
Specifically, said cylindrical parts are connected together by bolts or pins.
According to another embodiment of the invention said support structure comprises a plurality of support segments, said support segments being radially fixed to said first functional means.
Specifically, there is a gap between each pair of neighbouring support segments, and sealing elements are provided for closing said gaps.
According to just another embodiment of the invention said support structure is ring-shaped and disposed between said first functional means and said outer casing such that it is free to expand radially and gives axial support to the first functional means within said outer casing.
According to a further embodiment of the invention said first functional means is coated on its inner side with a coating layer.
Specifically, said coating layer comprises an abradable or oxidation resistance coating.
According to another embodiment of the invention the material of said first functional means is Incoloy® 907/909 or INVAR®.
According to just another embodiment of the invention the material of said second functional means is standard, low alloyed steel.
The present invention is now to be explained more closely by means of different embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings.
Low thermal expansion (low CTE) materials bring significant benefit in the reduction of the compressor clearances. Unfortunately, these materials are only very expensive nickel-alloyed steels. The hybrid design of a vane carrier according to the present invention allows application of low thermal expansion materials for the main cylindrical part of the carrier, while the less critical supporting and sealing structure is made of standard, less expensive steel.
Two designs are proposed with the same principle of using low thermal expansion material for the cylindrical part and standard low-alloyed steel for the supporting part of the vane carrier.
In both designs, as shown in
Possible materials with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are: Incoloy® 907/909 and INVAR® or any other material with CTE <1.3×10−5 [1/K]. In both designs, the support structure 12 and support ring 22, respectively, is made of standard, low alloyed steel.
The purpose of the support structure 12 and support ring 22, respectively, is the definition of the axial and lateral positions of the vane carrier 10 and 20, and its cylindrical part 11 and 21, respectively, within the outer casing 18 and 24, respectively. At the same time, the support structure 12 and support ring 22 provide a sealing between two axially separated compressor extraction air cavities.
In the first design (
In the second design (
In both cases (
Furthermore, cylindrical part 11 or 21, respectively, can be specifically designed to carry (upstream or downstream or between the vanes) heat shields or other subparts (not shown in the Figures).
The design according to the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention has been described in connection with gas turbines (GTs). However, it may be as well applied to other turbo machines, for example, steam turbines.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14164014.4 | Apr 2014 | EP | regional |
