Patent Application
20220183362
The present invention relates generally to micro-vaporizer heaters and, more particularly, to modular heating element assemblies that can be used in multiple vaporizer configurations and to methods of manufacturing such modular assemblies.
Liquid vaporizing devices (referred to herein as vaporizers or micro-vaporizers) are devices in which a vaporizable liquid is drawn from a storage reservoir into a chamber where it is heated to vaporization temperature by a heating element. The vaporized liquid is then drawn or forced from the chamber. In products such as electronic cigarettes (also known as e-cigarettes or personal vaporizers), the vaporized liquid is drawn from the chamber through a mouthpiece and inhaled by the user. In other products the vaporized liquid is dispersed into the atmosphere.
Conventional micro-vaporizers use a wick to draw vaporizable liquid from a reservoir into the vaporization chamber where it is brought into close proximity with the heating element. The heating element itself typically includes a coiled heating wire that may be positioned near a surface of the wick or, in some cases, may be wrapped around a portion of the wick. Coiled wire heaters have a number of drawbacks relating to efficiency and cost to manufacture and may require that the wick material and configuration be tailored to the heater. With the growing popularity of low cost, throwaway personal vaporization devices, a high efficiency, lower cost alternative to the conventional wick/heating element approach is needed.
An illustrative aspect of the invention provides a vaporizer heating element assembly comprising a case structure having a plurality of walls collectively defining a case interior. The plurality of walls include an upper wall having an access opening formed there-through, a left wall having a reservoir window formed there-through, and a lower wall having a vaporization window formed there-through. The assembly further comprises a thin plate heating element formed from an electrically conductive material. The thin plate heating element is positioned in the case structure parallel to the lower wall and adjacent the vaporization window. The assembly also comprises a liquid transport structure having a liquid intake surface and a liquid outflow surface. The liquid transport structure is configured for transporting a vaporizable liquid by capillary action from the liquid intake surface to the liquid outflow surface. The structure is disposed within the case interior so that the liquid intake surface is adjacent the reservoir window and the liquid outflow surface is adjacent or in contact with a surface of the thin plate heating element. The heating element assembly also comprises an access closure disposed within the access opening and attached to the upper wall, the access closure being sized and configured to seal the access opening.
Another illustrative aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacturing a vaporizer heating element assembly. The method comprises providing a thin plate heating element formed from an electrically conductive material and positioning the thin plate heating element within an injection mold. The injection mold is configured for receiving molten plastic material and forming it into a case structure having a plurality of walls collectively defining a case interior. The plurality of walls include an upper wall having an access opening formed there-through, a left wall having a reservoir window formed there-through, and a lower wall having a vaporization window formed there-through. The method further comprises injecting molten plastic into the injection mold to produce a molded plastic case structure in which the thin plate heating element is positioned in the case interior parallel to the lower wall adjacent the vaporization window. A portion of the thin plate heating element is embedded within one or more of the plurality of walls. After injection, the molded plastic case structure and the thin plate heating element are removed from the injection mold. The method still further comprises providing a liquid transport structure having a liquid intake surface and a liquid outflow surface. The liquid transport structure is configured for transporting liquid by capillary action from the liquid intake surface to the liquid outflow surface. The liquid transport structure is then inserted into the case interior through the access opening and positioned it so that the liquid intake surface is adjacent the reservoir window and the liquid outflow surface is adjacent or in contact with a surface of the thin plate heating element. The method also comprises sealing the access opening with a closure element sized and configured to be partially received into the access opening.
Another illustrative aspect of the invention provides a vaporizer comprising a vaporizer housing having a housing interior and an exterior and a reservoir disposed within the housing interior. The reservoir has a reservoir exit port and is configured for selectively retaining a vaporizable liquid therein. The vaporizer further comprises an air inlet passage in fluid communication with the exterior via an inlet port, a vaporization chamber within the housing interior in fluid communication with the air inlet passage, and a vaporization products passage in fluid communication with the vaporization chamber and with the exterior via a vaporization product outlet. The vaporizer still further comprises electrical circuitry comprising a power source, a control processor, and positive and negative heating element contacts. The control processor is configured for controlling application of power from the power source to the heating element contacts. The vaporizer also comprises a heating element receiving well formed within the housing interior and a heating element assembly operably disposed within the receiving well. The heating element assembly comprises a case structure defining a case interior, a thin plate heating element formed from an electrically conductive material, and a liquid transport structure. The case structure has a reservoir window and a vaporization window formed there-through. The case structure and receiving well are collectively configured so that when the heating element assembly is received into the receiving well, the reservoir window is in registration with the reservoir exit port and the vaporization window is adjacent the vaporization chamber. The thin plate heating element is positioned within the case interior so that at least a portion of the heating element is adjacent the vaporization window. The liquid transport structure is disposed within the housing interior so that the liquid intake surface is adjacent the reservoir window and the liquid outflow surface is adjacent or in contact with a surface of the thin plate heating element.
The invention can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawing, in which like reference indicators are used to designate like elements, and in which:
Typical micro-vaporizers have a reservoir from which vaporizable liquid is drawn (typically through the use of a wick) to a vaporization chamber. There the liquid is brought into close proximity with a heating element. The heating element and, generally, a portion of the wick are disposed within the vaporization chamber. When the heating element is activated, the liquid from the wick is vaporized/aerosolized. The resulting vaporization products and unvaporized liquid are mixed with air that is drawn from outside the device into the vaporization chamber. The mixture is then released from or drawn out of the device.
As shown in
The heating element 150 may be configured to heat the vaporizable liquid through any conductive, convective, and/or radiative heat transfer mechanism. In typical vaporizers, the heating element 150 is or includes a resistance element in the form of a wire coil. As previously noted, coiled wire heating elements have significant drawbacks. While plate-like heating elements have been used in vaporizer devices, they have suffered from many of the same drawbacks as coiled wire heaters. This is due, at least in part, to the requirement for an expensive base material and/or multiple materials and substrates. These aspects may make the resulting heater as expensive as or more expensive than a comparable coiled wire heater. The prior art heaters may also be difficult or impossible to use in conjunction with certain vaporizer housing materials due to heat conduction issues.
The present invention provides a heating element assembly in the form of a module having a molded plastic case and internal structure in which an electrically conductive, thin plate heating element is embedded and in which a liquid transport structure is disposed adjacent or in contact with the heating element. The assembly may be structured so that the plastic structure is molded around the heating element to permanently hold it in place without the need for gaskets, seals, or thermal isolation. Any of a variety of liquid transport structures may then be selected and positioned within the structure which can then be sealed to provide a self-contained module. The module can then be used to provide the heating and liquid transport functions for any of a variety of vaporizers configured to receive the heating element module.
The case structure 110 has upper and lower case walls 111, 112, a left (or reservoir) side case wall 113, a right (or contact) side case wall 114, and front and back case walls 115, 116 that collectively define the case interior space 120. The lower wall 112 has a vaporization product flow window 118 formed there-through. The thin wall heating element 150 is partially embedded in the lower wall 112 in such a way that it spans flow window 118. As will be discussed in more detail below, the heating element 150 may be configured so that the portion of the heating element 150 framed by the flow window 118 is configured for heating vaporizable liquid from the liquid transport structure 160 and for allowing passage of liquid and vaporization products through the heating element 150 and out of the heating element assembly 100.
As best seen in
The components of the case structure 110 and the closure member 130 may be formed from heat-resistant thermoplastic materials including, but not limited to copolyesters such as Eastman Tritan. While the case structure walls 111-116 may be constructed individually and bonded to one another, they are preferably formed as a single integral structure. In particular embodiments, the case structure 110 is formed by injection molding of a suitable plastic material such as the aforementioned Tritan. The size and thickness of the walls may be determined by the application. Typical minimum wall thicknesses may be in a range of 0.01 mm to 1.00 mm.
The reservoir side case wall 113 has a reservoir communication window 119 formed there-through. The reservoir communication window 119 is sized and configured to provide fluid communication between a vaporizer device reservoir (or a flow structure leading from such a reservoir) and the case interior 120 when the heating element assembly 100 is installed in the vaporizer device. The left side case wall 113 may further define a channel 124 leading from the window 119 into the interior space 120. The channel 124 may be sized to receive a portion of the liquid transport structure 160 so that an intake surface 162 of the liquid transport structure 160 may be positioned at or adjacent the window 119. In this way, the liquid transport structure 160 may be placed in communication with liquid in the vaporizer reservoir by positioning the assembly 100 within a vaporizer so that the reservoir communication window 119 is in registration with a passage into the vaporizer's reservoir. In some embodiments, the liquid transport structure 160 may be sized to extend through the window 119 so that when the assembly 100 is installed, the liquid transport structure extends into the vaporizer reservoir or a passage in communication therewith.
The liquid transport structure 160 is configured for drawing vaporizable liquid from a reservoir through the upstream intake surface 162 into the structure 160 and transporting the liquid to the downstream outflow surface 164 where the liquid may be heated to vaporization by the heating element 150. The liquid transport structure 160 may be or comprise a wick or collection of wicking material. Typical personal vaporizer wicks are formed from organic fiber materials such as cotton, jute, flax, cellulose, or hemp. Some inorganic materials such as silica, carbon, and non-organic polymer fibers, ceramics and steel mesh may also be used. In general, vaporizer wicks can be formed from any material that is thermally stable and that provides sufficient wicking action to transport the vaporizable liquid from the reservoir to the heating element 150. The liquid transport structure 160 may also comprise a composite wick formed from a combination of wicking materials and active materials. The liquid transport structure may, in particular be or include any of the composite wicks disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/639,139, filed Jun. 30, 2017 (the “'139 Application”), the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Composite wick materials may include woven or non-woven fibrous wicking materials in combination with embedded, trapped, adhered or alternately layered active additive materials. They are generally configured so that, in transport from the liquid reservoir, the vaporizable liquid must come into contact with the active additive materials. Portions of the active additive materials may be released into the fluid or may otherwise affect or impart desired characteristics to the liquid.
While the liquid transport structure 160 in the illustrated embodiment is a configured as a rectangular block, it will be understood that other shapes may be used including cylinders, flat sheets or bent elongate elements. It will also be understood that the interior space 120 may be shaped to receive and retain various shaped transport structures 160.
The thin plate heating element 150 may be configured for placement in contact with or adjacent the downstream outflow surface 164 of the liquid transport structure 160. While any flat plate heating element may be usable in embodiments of the invention, in preferred embodiments, the heating element 150 has a central portion configured for heating vaporizable liquid in the liquid transport structure 160 at or adjacent the outflow surface 164 and a peripheral portion that supports the central heating portion and to connect the central heating portion to a power source. Flat plate heating elements with such attributes are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 17/117,373, filed Dec. 10, 2020, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The heating element 160 may be configured so that the only contact between the heating element 160 and the case structure 110 is through the peripheral portion of the heating element. This isolation of the central heating portion allows the use of case materials that would otherwise be unable to withstand the heat generated by the heating element 160.
Thin plate heating elements usable in the present invention may be manufactured from a single thin sheet of conductive material. With reference to
The resulting thin plate heating element body 150 has a peripheral conduction portion made up of a positive support arm 151 and a negative support arm 152 and a central heating portion 153 positioned between the support arms 151, 152. The support arms 151, 152 have interior edges 158 facing inward toward one another and toward the central heating portion 153 and exterior lateral edges 159 facing outward. The interior edges 158 are parallel to one another and to a longitudinal axis 154. The positive support arm 151 includes a positive contact tab 171 and the negative support arm 152 includes a negative contact tab 172 extending in a longitudinal direction away from the central heating portion 153. The positive and negative contact tabs 171, 172 are configured for making electrical contact with corresponding elements of an electrical power circuit in communication with a power source.
In particular embodiments, the heating element 150 may have a plurality of peripheral support tabs 156 extending laterally outward from the exterior edges 159 of the support arms 151, 152. These tabs 156 may be sized and configured to engage surfaces or to be engaged by other structures in order to support and/or hold the heating element 150 in place within the case structure 110.
With reference to
In particular embodiments, the central heating portion 153 includes central support tabs 161 extending longitudinally from the ends of the heating strips 169. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the central support tabs 161 may extend from the ends 166 of the heating element loops 160. Each central support tab 161 may be T-shaped with a stem 167 and a rectangular head 168. The tabs 161 may be sized and configured to engage surfaces or to be engaged by other structures in order to support and/or hold the central heating portion 153 of the heating element 150 in place within the structure of a micro-vaporizer. While the illustrated embodiment has two tabs 161 for each loop 160, it will be understood that in other embodiments, some loops 160 may have a tab 161 at just one end or may have no tabs 161 at all.
The two lateral bridge strips 155 serve to electrically connect the central heating portion 153 to the positive and negative support arms 151, 152. Aside from the bridge strips 155, the central heating portion 153 is otherwise isolated from the supporting arms 151, 152, thereby minimizing heat conduction from the central heating portion 153 to the supporting arms 151, 152. The array of heating strips 169 of the central heating portion 153 may be sized and configured to produce a heating profile for heating the spaces on both sides of the heating element 150 and vaporizable liquid within these spaces and/or passing through the channels 181, 182, 183. The array of heating strips 169 in combination with the support arms 151, 152 may also be sized to produce a particular flow area for passage of liquid and vaporization products through the heating element 150. The combination may be further configured to provide a desired overall heating element electrical resistance (i.e., the resistance between the positive and negative contact tabs 171, 172). Suitable combinations may provide an overall heating element resistance in a range of 0.0010 ohm to 5.2000 ohms. In certain embodiments, suitable combinations have been structured to provide an overall resistance in a range of 0.0015 ohm to 3.00000 ohms, and in more particular embodiments, in a range of 0.3500 ohm to 0.8000 ohm. It will be understood that the specific configuration of the central heating portion 254 and/or thickness of the heating element 250 may be tailored (in some cases, along with the power source) to the vaporizable liquid. For example, some liquids such as those containing CBD, may need to be vaporized at a lower power to prevent scorching or burning. In particular embodiments, the central heating portion 254 may be configured to provide a resistance heating temperature in a range of 100-600° F. at a voltage of 1.0-4.2 V.
Returning now to
As shown in
With reference to
The case structure 210 has upper and lower case walls 211, 212, a left (or reservoir) side case wall 213, a right (or contact) side case wall 214, and front and back case walls 215, 216 that collectively define the case interior space 220. The lower wall 212 has a vaporization product flow window 218 formed there-through. The thin wall heating element 250 is partially embedded in the lower wall 212 in such a way that it spans flow window 218. As before, the upper case wall 211 has an access opening 217 formed there-through. The access opening 217 is sized and configured to allow access to the case interior 220 during the construction of the assembly 200. A top wall closure member 230 may be received into the access opening 217 to rest on a closure support ledge 222 in the interior 220, thereby closing off the opening 217.
The reservoir side case wall 213 has a reservoir communication window 219 formed there-through. The reservoir communication window 219 is sized and configured to provide fluid communication between a vaporizer device reservoir (or a flow structure leading from such a reservoir) and the case interior 220 when the heating element assembly 200 is installed in the vaporizer device. A liquid transport structure 260 is positioned within the case interior 220 at or adjacent the window 219. In this way, the liquid transport structure 260 may be placed in communication with liquid in the vaporizer reservoir by positioning the assembly 200 within a vaporizer so that the reservoir communication window 219 is in registration with a passage into the vaporizer's reservoir. The liquid transport structure 260 is configured for drawing vaporizable liquid from a reservoir through the upstream intake surface 262 into the structure 260 and transporting the liquid to the downstream outflow surface 264 where the liquid may be heated to vaporization by the heating element 250. As before, it will be understood that the liquid transport structure 260 may have any of a variety of shapes and the interior space 220 may be shaped correspondingly to receive and retain the transport structure 260.
The thin plate heating element 250 may be configured for placement in contact with or adjacent the downstream outflow surface 264 of the liquid transport structure 260. While similar to the heating element 150 of the previous embodiment, the heating element 250 includes stand-offs extending at an angle (or angles) from its main body. As before, the thin plate heating element 250 has a peripheral conduction portion made up of a positive support arm 251 and a negative support arm 252 and a central heating portion 253 positioned between the support arms 251, 252. The support arms 251, 252 have interior edges 258 facing inward toward one another and toward the central heating portion 253 and exterior lateral edges 259 facing outward. The interior edges 258 are parallel to one another and to a longitudinal axis 254. The positive support arm 251 includes a positive contact tab 271 and the negative support arm 252 includes a negative contact tab 272 extending in a longitudinal direction away from the central heating portion 253. In some embodiments (e.g., the illustrated embodiment), at least a portion of the contact tabs 271, 272 angle away from the plane defined by the support arms 251, 252. In particular embodiments, the contact tabs 271, 272 include a portion at right angles to the plane of the support arms 251, 252. The positive and negative contact tabs 271, 272 are configured for making electrical contact with corresponding elements of an electrical power circuit in communication with a power source.
The heating element 250 has a plurality of peripheral support tabs 256 extending from each support arm exterior edge 259. At least a portion of each tab 256 extends upward from the exterior edge at an angle relative to the surface of the support arm adjacent the exterior edge 259. In particular embodiments where the central heating portion 253 and the support arms 251, 252 are coplanar, the peripheral support tabs 256 each extend at a right angle from the plane of the central heating portion 253 and the support arms 251, 252. In some embodiments (including the illustrated embodiment), all of the peripheral support tabs 256 extend in the same direction, while in others, some tabs 256 may extend in one direction and other tabs may extend in the opposite direction. While in typical embodiments, all of the tabs 256 extending in the same direction will have the same length Lpt, in some embodiments the tabs 256 may have varying lengths to accommodate variable structures within the vaporizer.
The central heating portion 253 is made up of an array of spaced apart but interconnected heating strips 269. These heating strips 269 are parallel to one another and to the longitudinal axis 254. In particular embodiments, the heating strips 269 are divided in to pairs, with the strips 269 of each pair being connected to one another at both ends to form a heating element loop 260 surrounding a through channel 281 through the material. Adjacent heating element loops 260 (e.g., loop 260a and loop 260b) are connected to one another by a lateral strip 265. Adjacent strips 269 of adjacent loops 260 combine with the adjoining lateral strips 265 to define through channels 282 between the adjacent loops 260. The two heating loops 260 adjacent to the interior edges 258, 259 are connected to the adjacent interior edge 258 by a lateral bridge strip 255. The side strips 269 of these loops combine with their adjacent interior edges 258 and the lateral bridge strips 255 to define through channels 283 between the loops 260 and the supporting arm edges 258, 259.
The central heating portion 253 includes central support tabs 261 extending longitudinally from the ends of the heating element loops 260. Each central support tab 261 may have a stem 267 and a tab head 268. At least a portion of each tab head 261 extends upward or downward from the heating element loop 260 at an angle relative to the surface of the loop 260. In particular embodiments where the central heating portion 253 and the support arms 251, 252 are coplanar, the central support tabs 261 each extend at a right angle from the plane of the central heating portion 253 and the support arms 251, 252. In some embodiments (including the illustrated embodiment), all of the peripheral support tabs 261 extend in the same direction, while in others, some tabs 261 may extend in one direction and other tabs 261 may extend in the opposite direction. While in typical embodiments, all of the tabs 261 extending in the same direction will have the same extension length (i.e., the length of the portion of the tab head 268 extending away from the main plane) Lct, in some embodiments the tab head extension portions may have varying lengths to accommodate variable structures within the vaporizer.
The peripheral support tabs 256 and the central support tabs 261 may be sized and configured to engage surfaces or to be engaged by other structures in order to support and/or hold the central heating portion 253 of the heating element 250 in place within the structure of a micro-vaporizer. In some embodiments, the peripheral support tabs 256 may all extend in one direction away from the main plane of the heating element 250 while the central support tabs 261 extend in the opposite direction away from the main plane of the heating element 250. When all of the peripheral and central support tabs 256, 261 extend in the same direction (as in the illustrated embodiment), their lengths Lpt and Lct may be the same in order to provide support relative to a constant planar surface parallel to the main plane of the heating element 250. In particular embodiments, the peripheral support tabs 256 may be configured so that at least a portion of the tabs 256 can be embedded within the case structure 110 to provide support for the heating element 250 within the assembly 200.
In the heating element assembly 200, the thin plate heating element 250 is disposed so that a portion of each support arm is embedded in the case structure 210. In some embodiments, a portion of one or more of the peripheral support tabs 256 may also be embedded within the case structure 210. In particular embodiments, the heating element 250 may be partially embedded within the case structure 210 at or near the outer surface of the lower case wall 212 with the central heating portion 253 in registration with the vaporization chamber window 218. In this way, the heating element's upper surface 252 faces inward toward the case interior 220 and the central heating portion of the heating element's lower surface 254 faces outward through the vaporization chamber window 218. In some embodiments, the positive and negative contact tabs 271, 272 may extend outside of the case structure 210. In particular embodiments, as in the assembly 200, the contact tabs 271, 272 may be bent at a 90 degree angle from the main plane of the heating element 250 and positioned so that one surface is of each tab engages or is embedded within the right side case wall 214. This leaves the opposite surface of each tab exposed so that it can be contacted for establishing electrical communication.
As shown in
The heating element assemblies of the invention are structured so that they can be used in a variety of modular vaporizer configurations. These modular vaporizers would have the usual liquid reservoir, power supply, activation system, and air flow passages and would be configured to separately receive a heating element assembly and a vaporizable liquid to make the vaporizer operational. An illustrative example of such a modular vaporizer is shown in
Also disposed within the main body 1010 is a reservoir 1022 configured for receiving a vaporizable liquid. The liquid reservoir 1022 may be configured as a simple tank in which the liquid is disposed. In some embodiments, the reservoir 1022 may comprise an adsorptive or absorptive material or structure that retains the vaporizable liquid. In either case, the reservoir 1022 has an exit port 1023 through which vaporizable liquid can be withdrawn from the reservoir 1022. The vaporizer 1000 also includes electrical circuitry that includes a power source (e.g., a battery) 1026 in electrical communication with a control processor 1028. The vaporizer 1000 may also include an activation mechanism (not shown) that allows a user to selectively activate the device, thereby causing power to flow from the power source 1026.
The interior of the main body 1010 is formed with a receiving well 1050 sized and configured to receive a heating element assembly such as the assembly 100 of
With the heating element assembly 100 in its installed configuration, it can be seen that the thin plate heating element 150 is positioned so that it is parallel to the direction of air flow into and through the vaporization section 1016 and so that it, in effect, provides a part of the boundary surrounding the vaporization section 1016. When a vaporizable liquid is added to the reservoir, the vaporizer 1000 is ready for use. Upon activation, the heating element 150 begins to heat the outflow surface 164 of the liquid transport structure 160. Vaporizable liquid, typically comprising one or more active materials, drawn from the reservoir 1022 to the outflow surface 164 is heated to vaporization. As this occurs, the user inhales through the mouthpiece passage 1042, drawing air into the intake passage 1034 and the main passage 1014. At the same time, vapor products and/or unvaporized liquid are drawn through the heating element 150 into the vaporization section 1016 where they are further heated and mixed with air in the main passage 1014. The resulting mixture of air and vaporization products is then drawn through the passageway 1014 into and through the mouthpiece passage 1044 and out through the exit port 1042.
As used herein, the term “active material” refers to any material that controllably alters or adds to the vaporization products of the device. Depending on the application, active materials can include, without limitation, plant material, minerals, deodorizing agents, fragrances, insect repellants, medications, and disinfectants and any material or structure containing or incorporating any of the foregoing.
In the specific instance of personal vaporizers, active materials may include flavorant substances that augment the flavorant of the vaporizable liquid. These may include, without limitation, marijuana, hemp, cannabidiol (cbd), citronella, geraniol, mint, thyme, tobacco, salvia dorrii, salvia, Passiflora incarnata, arctostaphylos uva-ursi, lobelia inflata, lemon grass, cedar wood, clove, cinnamon, coumarin, helio, vanilla, menthol, eucalyptus, peppermint, rosemary, lavender, licorice, and cocoa and any material or structure containing or incorporating any of the foregoing.
It will be understood that there may be many other configurations for the vaporizer components and air passageways. In some configurations, there may be multiple air inlet ports and the air flow path from the air inlet ports to the vaporization chamber may comprise one or more intermediate passageways and/or chambers. There may also be additional liquid flow passages and/or wicking structures to provide communication between the reservoir 1022 and the liquid transport structure 160.
While the foregoing illustrates and describes exemplary embodiments of this invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the construction disclosed herein. The invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes.
