Patent Grant
9581150
The present invention relates to a variable displacement swash plate type compressor, in which pistons engaged with a swash plate are reciprocated by a stroke corresponding to the inclination angle of a swash plate.
Such a compressor is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1-190972. The compressor has a housing that accommodates a swash plate and a movable body, which is coupled to the swash plate to alter the inclination angle of the swash plate. A control pressure chamber is formed in the housing. As control gas is introduced to the control pressure chamber, the pressure inside the control pressure chamber is changed. This moves the movable body along the axis of the rotary shaft. As the movable body is moved along the axis of the rotary shaft, the inclination angle of the swash plate is changed.
Specifically, when the pressure in the control pressure chamber is increased, the movable body is moved toward a first end in the axial direction of the rotary shaft. The movement of the movable body increases the inclination angle of the swash plate. When the pressure in the control pressure chamber is lowered, the movable body is moved toward a second end in the axial direction of the rotary shaft. The movement of the movable body decreases the inclination angle of the swash plate. As the inclination angle of the swash plate is reduced, the stroke of the pistons is reduced. Accordingly, the displacement is decreased. In contrast, as the inclination angle of the swash plate is increased, the stroke of the pistons is increased. Accordingly, the displacement is increased. The variable displacement swash plate type compressor has a displacement control valve, which controls the pressure in the control pressure chamber.
In such a variable displacement swash plate type compressor, when the switch of the vehicle air conditioner is turned off and the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid of the displacement control valve is stopped, changes in the pressure in the suction pressure zone may maintain the inclination angle of the swash plate at an angle greater than the minimum inclination angle. When the air conditioner switch is turned on again and the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid is resumed, the displacement is abruptly increased. This increases the load on the variable displacement swash plate type compressor. Therefore, the inclination angle of the swash plate is preferably minimized when the air conditioner switch is turned off and the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid is stopped.
Accordingly, it is an objective of the present invention to provide a variable displacement swash plate type compressor that is capable of minimizing the inclination angle of a swash plate when a current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid is stopped and maintaining the minimum inclination angle.
To achieve the foregoing objective and in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a variable displacement swash plate type compressor is provided that includes a housing having a crank chamber, a swash plate accommodated in the crank chamber, a piston engaged with the swash plate, a movable body, which is coupled to the swash plate and changes the inclination angle of the swash plate, a control pressure chamber defined in the housing by the movable body, and a displacement control valve that controls the pressure in the control pressure chamber. The swash plate receives a drive force from a rotary shaft to rotate and is capable of changing its inclination angle relative to the rotary shaft. Pressure in the control pressure chamber is changed by introducing control gas therein so that the movable body is moved in the axial direction of the rotary shaft. The piston is reciprocated by a stroke that corresponds to the inclination angle of the swash plate. The displacement control valve includes a drive force transmitting member, which is driven by an electromagnetic solenoid, a valve member having a first valve body, a valve chamber, which accommodates the first valve body and communicates with the suction pressure zone, a back pressure chamber, which is located between the electromagnetic solenoid and the valve chamber and is connected to the valve chamber, an accommodating chamber, which communicates with the control pressure chamber, a pressure sensing mechanism, which is accommodated in the accommodating chamber and integrated with the valve member, a communication passage, which is formed in the valve member and connects the back pressure chamber and the accommodating chamber to each other, and a second valve body, which is located between the drive force transmitting member and the valve member and selectively opens and closes the communication passage. The first valve body adjusts an opening degree of discharge passage that extends from the control pressure chamber to a suction pressure zone. By sensing, in at least one of the back pressure chamber and the valve chamber, a pressure in the suction pressure zone that acts on the valve member, the pressure sensing mechanism extends or contracts in the moving direction of the drive force transmitting member, thereby adjusting the valve opening degree of the first valve body. The first valve body is in an open state when a current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid is stopped and the pressure in the suction pressure zone is less than a threshold value. The second valve body closes when a current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid and opens when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid is stopped and the pressure in the suction pressure zone is greater than or equal to the threshold value.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principles of the invention.
The invention, together with objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description of the presently preferred embodiments together with the accompanying drawings in which:
A variable displacement swash plate type compressor according to one embodiment will now be described with reference to
As shown in
A first valve plate 16 is arranged between the front housing member 14 and the first cylinder block 12. Further, a second valve plate 17 is arranged between the rear housing member 15 and the second cylinder block 13.
A suction chamber 14a and a discharge chamber 14b are defined between the front housing member 14 and the first valve plate 16. The discharge chamber 14b is located radially outward of the suction chamber 14a. Likewise, a suction chamber 15a and a discharge chamber 15b are defined between the rear housing member 15 and the second valve plate 17. Additionally, a pressure adjusting chamber 15c is formed in the rear housing member 15. The pressure adjusting chamber 15c is located at the center of the rear housing member 15, and the suction chamber 15a is located radially outward of the pressure adjusting chamber 15c. The discharge chamber 15b is located radially outward of the suction chamber 15a. The discharge chamber 14b, 15b are connected to each other through a discharge passage (not shown). The discharge passage is in turn connected to an external refrigerant circuit (not shown). The discharge chambers 14b, 15b are discharge pressure zones.
The first valve plate 16 has suction ports 16a connected to the suction chamber 14a and discharge ports 16b connected to the discharge chamber 14b. The second valve plate 17 has suction ports 17a connected to the suction chamber 15a and discharge ports 17b connected to the discharge chamber 15b. A suction valve mechanism (not shown) is arranged in each of the suction ports 16a, 17a. A discharge valve mechanism (not shown) is arranged in each of the discharge ports 16b, 17b.
A rotary shaft 21 is rotationally supported in the housing 11. A part of the rotary shaft 21 on the front side (first side) extends through a shaft hole 12h, which is formed to extend through the first cylinder block 12. Specifically, the front part of the rotary shaft 21 refers to a part of the rotary shaft 21 that is located on the first side in the direction along the axis L of the rotary shaft 21 (the axial direction of the rotary shaft 21). The front end of the rotary shaft 21 is located in the front housing member 14. A part of the rotary shaft 21 on the rear side (second side) extends through a shaft hole 13h, which is formed in the second cylinder block 13. Specifically, the rear part of the rotary shaft 21 refers to a part of the rotary shaft 21 that is located on the second side in the direction in which the axis L of the rotary shaft 21 extends. The rear end of the rotary shaft 21 is located in the pressure adjusting chamber 15c.
The front part of the rotary shaft 21 is rotationally supported by the first cylinder block 12 at the shaft hole 12h. The rear part of the rotary shaft 21 is rotationally supported by the second cylinder block 13 at the shaft hole 13h. A sealing device 22 of lip seal type is located between the front housing member 14 and the rotary shaft 21. The front end of the rotary shaft 21 is connected to and driven by an external drive source, which is a vehicle engine E in this embodiment, through a power transmission mechanism PT. In the present embodiment, the power transmission mechanism PT is a clutchless mechanism (for example, a combination of a belt and pulleys), which constantly transmits power.
In the housing 11, the first cylinder block 12 and the second cylinder block 13 define a crank chamber 24. A swash plate 23 is accommodated in the crank chamber 24. The swash plate 23 receives drive force from the rotary shaft 21 to be rotated. The swash plate 23 also tilts along the axis L of the rotary shaft 21 with respect to the rotary shaft 21. The swash plate 23 has an insertion hole 23a, through which the rotary shaft 21 can extends. The swash plate 23 is assembled to the rotary shaft 21 by inserting the rotary shaft 21 into the insertion hole 23a.
The first cylinder block 12 has first cylinder bores 12a (only one of the first cylinder bores 12a is illustrated in
Each double-headed piston 25 is engaged with the periphery of the swash plate 23 with two shoes 26. The shoes 26 convert rotation of the swash plate 23, which rotates with the rotary shaft 21, to linear reciprocation of the double-headed pistons 25. In each first cylinder bore 12a, a first compression chamber 20a is defined by the double-headed piston 25 and the first valve plate 16. In each second cylinder bore 13a, a second compression chamber 20b is defined by the double-headed piston 25 and the second valve plate 17.
The first cylinder block 12 has a first large diameter hole 12b, which is continuous with the shaft hole 12h and has a larger diameter than the shaft hole 12h. The first large diameter hole 12b communicates with the crank chamber 24. The crank chamber 24 and the suction chamber 14a are connected to each other by a suction passage 12c, which extends through the first cylinder block 12 and the first valve plate 16.
The second cylinder block 13 has a second large diameter hole 13b, which is continuous with the shaft hole 13h and has a larger diameter than the shaft hole 13h. The second large diameter hole 13b communicates with the crank chamber 24. The crank chamber 24 and the suction chamber 15a are connected to each other by a suction passage 13c, which extends through the second cylinder block 13 and the second valve plate 17.
A suction inlet 13s is formed in the peripheral wall of the second cylinder block 13. The suction inlet 13s is connected to the external refrigerant circuit. Refrigerant gas is drawn into the crank chamber 24 from the external refrigerant circuit via the suction inlet 13s and is then drawn into the suction chambers 14a, 15a via the suction passages 12c, 13c. The suction chambers 14a, 15a and the crank chamber 24 are therefore in a suction pressure zone. The pressure in the suction chambers 14a, 15a and the pressure in the crank chamber 24 are substantially equal to each other.
The rotary shaft 21 has an annular flange portion 21f, which extends in the radial direction. The flange portion 21f is arranged in the first large diameter hole 12b. With respect to the axial direction of the rotary shaft 21, a first thrust bearing 27a is arranged between the flange portion 21f and the first cylinder block 12. A cylindrical supporting member 39 is press fitted to a rear portion of the rotary shaft 21. The supporting member 39 has an annular flange portion 39f, which extends in the radial direction. The flange portion 39f is arranged in the second large diameter hole 13b. With respect to the axial direction of the rotary shaft 21, a second thrust bearing 27b is arranged between the flange portion 39f and the second cylinder block 13.
An annular fixed body 31 is fixed to the rotary shaft 21 to be integrally rotational with the rotary shaft 21. The fixed body 31 is located rearward of the flange portion 21f and forward of the swash plate 23. A cylindrical movable body 32 having a closed end is located between the flange portion 21f and the fixed body 31. The movable body 32 is movable along the axis of the rotary shaft 21 with respect to the fixed body 31.
The movable body 32 is formed by an annular bottom portion 32a and a cylindrical portion 32b. An insertion hole 32e is formed in the bottom portion 32a to receive the rotary shaft 21. The cylindrical portion 32b extends along the axis of the rotary shaft 21 from the peripheral edge of the bottom portion 32a. The inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion 32b is slidable along the outer circumferential surface of the fixed body 31. This allows the movable body 32 to rotate integrally with the rotary shaft 21 via the fixed body 31. The clearance between the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion 32b and the outer circumferential surface of the fixed body 31 is sealed by a sealing member 33. The clearance between the insertion hole 32e and the rotary shaft 21 is sealed by a sealing member 34. The fixed body 31 and the movable body 32 define a control pressure chamber 35 in between.
A first in-shaft passage 21a is formed in the rotary shaft 21. The first in-shaft passage 21a extends along the axis L of the rotary shaft 21. The rear end of the first in-shaft passage 21a is opened to the interior of the pressure adjusting chamber 15c. A second in-shaft passage 21b is formed in the rotary shaft 21. The second in-shaft passage 21b extends in the radial direction of the rotary shaft 21. One end of the second in-shaft passage 21b communicates with the first in-shaft passage 21a. The other end of the second in-shaft passage 21b is opened to the interior of the control pressure chamber 35. Accordingly, the control pressure chamber 35 and the pressure adjusting chamber 15c are connected to each other by the first in-shaft passage 21a and the second in-shaft passage 21b.
In the crank chamber 24, a lug arm 40 is provided between the swash plate 23 and the flange portion 39f. The lug arm 40 substantially has an L shape extending from a first end to a second end. The lug arm 40 has a weight portion 40a formed at one end. The weight portion 40a extends to a position in front of the swash plate 23 through a groove 23b of the swash plate 23.
The first end of the lug arm 40 is coupled to the upper side (upper side as viewed in
A coupling portion 32c is formed at the distal end of the cylindrical portion 32b of the movable body 32. The coupling portion 32c protrudes toward the swash plate 23. The coupling portion 32c has a movable body insertion hole 32h for receiving a third pin 43. The swash plate 23 has a swash plate insertion hole 23h for receiving the third pin 43 on the lower side (lower side as viewed in
The second valve plate 17 has a restriction 36a, which communicates with the discharge chamber 15b. The second cylinder block 13 has a communication portion 36b in an end face that faces the second valve plate 17. The communication portion 36b connects the pressure adjusting chamber 15c and the restriction 36a to each other. The discharge chamber 15b and the control pressure chamber 35 are connected to each other via the restriction 36a, the communication portion 36b, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the first in-shaft passage 21a, and the second in-shaft passage 21b. Therefore, the restriction 36a, the communication portion 36b, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the first in-shaft passage 21a, and the second in-shaft passage 21b form a supply passage extending from the discharge chamber 15b to the control pressure chamber 35. The restriction 36a reduces the opening degree of the supply passage.
An electromagnetic displacement control valve 50 for controlling the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35 is installed in the rear housing member 15. The displacement control valve 50 is electrically connected to a control computer 50c. Signaling connection is provided between the control computer 50c and an air conditioner switch 50s.
As shown in
The electromagnetic solenoid 53 has a fixed iron core 54 and a movable iron core 55, which is attracted to the fixed iron core 54 based on excitation by current supplied to a coil 53c. The fixed iron core 54 is arranged to be closer to the second housing member 52 than the movable iron core 55 is to the second housing member 52. The electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic solenoid 53 attracts the movable iron core 55 toward the fixed iron core 54. The electromagnetic solenoid 53 is subjected to current control (duty cycle control) performed by the control computer 50c. A spring 56 is located between the fixed iron core 54 and the movable iron core 55. The spring 56 urges the movable iron core 55 away from the fixed iron core 54.
A pillar-like drive force transmitting member 57 is attached to the movable iron core 55. The drive force transmitting member 57 is allowed to move integrally with the movable iron core 55. A back pressure chamber 58 is defined between a bottom wall 52e of the second housing member 52 and the fixed iron core 54. The drive force transmitting member 57 extends through the fixed iron core 54 and projects into the back pressure chamber 58. The fixed iron core 54 has a recess 54e, which is formed in an end face of the fixed iron core 54 that is close to the bottom wall 52e of the second housing member 52 and surrounds the drive force transmitting member 57. The recess 54e and the bottom wall 52e define the back pressure chamber 58.
An accommodating chamber 59 is formed in the second housing member 52. The accommodating chamber 59 accommodates a pressure sensing mechanism 60. The pressure sensing mechanism 60 is formed by a pressure receiving body 61, a bellows 62, which can extend and contract, a coupling body 63, and spring 64. The pressure receiving body 61 is press fitted in an insertion hole 52h, which is located on the opposite side of the second housing member 52 to the first housing member 51. The bellows 62 has an end coupled to the pressure receiving body 61. The coupling body 63 is coupled to the other end of the bellows 62. The spring 64 urges the pressure receiving body 61 and the coupling body 63 away from each other in the bellows 62.
A recess 52a, which is continuous with the accommodating chamber 59, is formed in the bottom wall 52e of the second housing member 52. Further, an annular valve seat member 65, which has a valve hole 65h, is arranged in the accommodating chamber 59 at a position close to the bottom wall 52e. The valve seat member 65 is formed separately from the second housing member 52. The end face of the valve seat member 65 that faces the recess 52a is flat and contacts a step 52b formed between the accommodating chamber 59 and the recess 52a with each other. The valve seat member 65 has an annular projection 65a formed on the inner end face, which faces the pressure sensing mechanism 60. The projection 65a projects toward the pressure sensing mechanism 60.
An urging spring 66 is located between the valve seat member 65 and the pressure receiving body 61. The end of the urging spring 66 that faces the pressure receiving body 61 is coupled to the pressure receiving body 61, and the end of the urging spring 66 that faces the valve seat member 65 is coupled to a part of the valve seat member 65 that is outside the projection 65a. Since the projection 65a is located in the urging spring 66, the urging spring 66 is prevented from moving toward the projection 65a by the projection 65a. The valve seat member 65 is pressed against the step 52b by the urging spring 66 so that the position of the valve seat member 65 is determined.
A valve chamber 67 is defined between the valve seat member 65 and the recess 52a in the second housing member 52. The second housing member 52 accommodates a valve member 68, which extends through the bottom wall 52e of the second housing member 52. The valve member 68 also extends through the valve chamber 67 and the valve hole 65h from the back pressure chamber 58 to the accommodating chamber 59. The valve member 68 has a first valve body 68v, which is accommodated in the valve chamber 67. The outer diameter of the first valve body 68v is greater than the diameter of the shaft of the valve member 68. The valve member 68 is formed of a material that is lighter than that of the drive force transmitting member 57, for example, of aluminum. The surface of the valve member 68 is subjected to surface treatment, for example, coating of a high abrasion resistance.
The valve member 68 has a pillar-like projection 68a on an end face that is located in the accommodating chamber 59. The projection 68a is coupled to the coupling body 63. That is, the valve member 68 is integrated with the pressure sensing mechanism 60.
On the end face of the valve seat member 65 that faces the recess 52a, a valve seat 65e, on which the first valve body 68v is seated, is formed about the valve hole 65h. Therefore, the valve seat member 65 has the valve seat 65e, on which the first valve body 68v is seated. The first valve body 68v is capable of opening and closing the valve hole 65h by separating from and contacting the valve seat 65e. A cylindrical guide wall 69 is formed in the bottom wall 52e of the second housing member 52. The guide wall 69 guides the valve member 68 in the moving direction of the drive force transmitting member 57. The back pressure chamber 58 is located between the electromagnetic solenoid 53 and the valve chamber 67. The valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 are connected to each other via a clearance 69s between the guide wall 69 and the valve member 68. A communication passage 75, which connects the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 to each other, is formed in the bottom wall 52e of the second housing member 52. The back pressure chamber 58 is connected to an accommodating chamber 55a, which accommodates the movable iron core 55, via a clearance between the drive force transmitting member 57 and the fixed iron core 54.
The accommodating chamber 59 communicates with the pressure adjusting chamber 15c through a passage 71. The valve chamber 67 communicates with the suction chamber 15a through a passage 72. Accordingly, the second in-shaft passage 21b, the first in-shaft passage 21a, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the passage 71, the accommodating chamber 59, the valve hole 65h, the valve chamber 67, and the passage 72 form a discharge passage extending from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a.
The cross-sectional area of the valve hole 65h, which is selectively opened and closed by the first valve body 68v, is equal to the effective pressure receiving area of the bellows 62. Therefore, when the first valve body 68v is closed, the pressure sensing mechanism 60 is not influenced by the pressure in the accommodating chamber 59. The bellows 62 senses the pressure that is applied to the valve member 68 in the back pressure chamber 58, thereby either extending or contracting in the moving direction of the drive force transmitting member 57. Extension and contraction of the bellows 62 is used to position the first valve body 68v and contributes to the adjustment of the valve opening degree of the first valve body 68v. The opening degree of the first valve body 68v is determined by the balance of the electromagnetic force produced by the electromagnetic solenoid 53, the force of the spring 56, and the urging force of the pressure sensing mechanism 60.
The first valve body 68v adjusts the opening degree (passage cross-sectional area) of the discharge passage. When the first valve body 68v is seated on the valve seat 65e, the discharge passage is closed. In contrast, when the first valve body 68v separates from the valve seat 65e, the discharge passage is open.
Refrigerant gas is introduced to the control pressure chamber 35 from the discharge chamber 15b via the restriction 36a, the communication portion 36b, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the first in-shaft passage 21a, and the second in-shaft passage 21b. Also, refrigerant gas is discharged from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a via the second in-shaft passage 21b, the first in-shaft passage 21a, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the passage 71, the accommodating chamber 59, the valve hole 65h, the valve chamber 67, and the passage 72. As a result, the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35 is adjusted. Thus, the refrigerant gas introduced into the control pressure chamber 35 serves as control gas for regulating the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35. The pressure difference between the control pressure chamber 35 and the crank chamber 24 causes the movable body 32 to move along the axis of the rotary shaft 21 with respect to the fixed body 31.
The valve member 68 has a communication passage 73, which connects the back pressure chamber 58 and the accommodating chamber 59 with each other. The communication passage 73 is formed by a first passage 73a and a second passage 73b. The first passage 73a extends along the axis of the valve member 68 and has an end that opens in the back pressure chamber 58. The second passage 73b communicates with the other end of the first passage 73a. Also, the second passage 73b extends in a direction perpendicular to the first passage 73a and opens in the accommodating chamber 59.
An end of the drive force transmitting member 57 that faces the valve member 68 functions as a second valve body 74, which selectively opens and closes the communication passage 73 by separating from and contacting an end of the valve member 68 that faces the drive force transmitting member 57. Thus, the second valve body 74 is located between the drive force transmitting member 57 and the valve member 68 and integrated with the drive force transmitting member 57 in the present embodiment. That is, the drive force transmitting member 57 includes the second valve body 74.
When the air conditioner switch 50s is turned on, current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53. At this time, the second valve body 74 closes the communication passage 73. When the air conditioner switch 50s is turned off, the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped. At this time, the second valve body 74 opens the communication passage 73.
When the air conditioner switch 50s is turned on, current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 of the variable displacement swash plate type compressor 10, which has the above described configuration. At this time, the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic solenoid 53 attracts the movable iron core 55 toward the fixed iron core 54 against the force of the spring 56 as shown in
When the pressure difference between the control pressure chamber 35 and the crank chamber 24 is increased, the movable body 32 is moved such that the bottom portion 32a of the movable body 32 is separated away from the fixed body 31 as shown in
An increase in the valve opening degree of the first valve body 68v as shown in
When the pressure difference between the control pressure chamber 35 and the crank chamber 24 is decreased, the movable body 32 is moved such that the bottom portion 32a of the movable body 32 approaches the fixed body 31 as shown in
Operation of the present embodiment will now be described.
In a state in which the first valve body 68v and the second valve body 74 are closed, if the air conditioner switch 50s is turned off and the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped, the movable iron core 55 is separated from the fixed iron core 54 by the urging force of the spring 56. This moves the drive force transmitting member 57 in the moving direction of the movable iron core 55. At this time, if the pressure in the suction chamber 15a is less than a first predetermined value, which is a threshold value, the urging force of the spring 64 of the bellows 62 moves the valve member 68 in the moving direction of the movable iron core 55 together with the drive force transmitting member 57. As the valve member 68 is moved, the first valve body 68v opens. Since the valve member 68 is maintained to be in contact with the drive force transmitting member 57, the second valve body 74 is maintained to be closed.
Accordingly, the refrigerant gas is discharged from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a via the second in-shaft passage 21b, the first in-shaft passage 21a, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the passage 71, the accommodating chamber 59, the valve hole 65h, the valve chamber 67, and the passage 72. This allows the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35 to be substantially equal to the pressure in the suction chamber 15a when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped. Therefore, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 is minimized.
When the pressure in the suction chamber 15a is greater than or equal to the first predetermined value and less than a second predetermined value, which is greater than the first predetermined value, the valve member 68 is moved toward the movable iron core 55 by the urging force of the spring 64 of the bellows 62 as shown in
Accordingly, the refrigerant gas is discharged from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a via the second in-shaft passage 21b, the first in-shaft passage 21a, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the passage 71, the accommodating chamber 59, the valve hole 65h, the communication passage 73, the back pressure chamber 58, the communication passage 75, the clearance 69s, the valve chamber 67, and the passage 72. This allows the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35 to be substantially equal to the pressure in the suction chamber 15a when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped. Therefore, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 is minimized.
When the pressure in the suction chamber 15a is greater than or equal to the second predetermined value, the pressure in the suction chamber 15a urges the valve member 68 toward the bellows 62 as shown in
Accordingly, the refrigerant gas is discharged from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a via the second in-shaft passage 21b, the first in-shaft passage 21a, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the passage 71, the accommodating chamber 59, the communication passage 73, the back pressure chamber 58, the communication passage 75, the clearance 69s, the valve chamber 67, and the passage 72. This allows the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35 to be substantially equal to the pressure in the suction chamber 15a when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped. Therefore, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 is minimized.
Thereafter, when the air conditioner switch 50s is turned on and a current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is resumed, the variable displacement swash plate type compressor 10 is operated at the minimum displacement. Thus, the load on the variable displacement swash plate type compressor 10 is prevented from being increased due to an abrupt increase in the displacement.
When the air conditioner switch 50s is turned on and current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53, the first valve body 68v and the second valve body 74 close. This prevents the refrigerant gas from being discharged from the control pressure chamber 35 to the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 via the second in-shaft passage 21b, the first in-shaft passage 21a, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the passage 71, the accommodating chamber 59, the valve hole 65h, and the communication passage 73. As a result, the pressure in the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 is prevented from being equalized with the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35.
In a case in which the rotary shaft 21 receives rotational drive force from the engine E via the power transmission mechanism PT, which is a clutchless mechanism, the rotational drive force is constantly transmitted to the rotary shaft 21 from the engine E via the power transmission mechanism PT even if no current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53. Therefore, the power of the engine E is consumed slightly. Therefore, to minimize consumption of the power of the engine E, minimum displacement operation, in which the swash plate 23 is maintained at the minimum inclination angle, is preferable in a state in which no current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53.
Therefore, when no current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53, the opening degree of the first valve body 68v is maximized so that refrigerant gas is discharged from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a via the discharge passage. Accordingly, the displacement control valve 50 substantially equalizes the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35 with the pressure in the suction chamber 15a and minimizes the inclination angle of the swash plate 23. However, if the pressure in the suction chamber 15a exceeds the second predetermined pressure when no current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53, the pressure in the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 is also increased. Therefore, in some cases, the pressure in the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 causes the first valve body 68v to close the discharge passage, which is undesirable.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, if the pressure in the suction chamber 15a exceeds the first predetermined value when no current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53, the second valve body 74 opens. Accordingly, the refrigerant gas is discharged from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a via the second in-shaft passage 21b, the first in-shaft passage 21a, the pressure adjusting chamber 15c, the passage 71, the accommodating chamber 59, the communication passage 73, the back pressure chamber 58, the communication passage 75, the clearance 69s, the valve chamber 67, and the passage 72. As a result, even if the pressure in the suction chamber 15a exceeds the first predetermined value when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 is minimized since the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35 is substantially equalized with the pressure in the suction chamber 15a. Thus, in a state in which no current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 in a configuration in which the rotary shaft 21 receives rotational drive force from the engine E via the power transmission mechanism PT, which is a clutchless mechanism, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 is changed to and maintained at the minimum inclination even if the pressure in the suction chamber 15a changes. This ensures the minimum displacement operation. As a result, the power consumption of the engine E is minimized.
As shown in
The above described embodiment provides the following advantages.
(1) The valve member 68 has the communication passage 73, which connects the back pressure chamber 58 and the accommodating chamber 59 with each other, and the drive force transmitting member 57 has the second valve body 74, which selectively opens and closes the communication passage 73. The second valve body 74 closes when current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 and opens when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped and the pressure in the suction chamber 15a is greater than or equal to the first predetermined value. Accordingly, since the communication passage 73 is opened by the second valve body 74 when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped, the refrigerant gas is discharged from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a via the accommodating chamber 59, the communication passage 73, the back pressure chamber 58, and the valve chamber 67. This allows the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35 to be substantially equal to the pressure in the suction chamber 15a when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped. Therefore, even if the pressure in the suction chamber 15a changes, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 can be changed to and maintained at the minimum inclination angle. When current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53, the communication passage 73 is closed by the second valve body 74. Accordingly, the refrigerant gas in the control pressure chamber 35 is prevented from flowing to the back pressure chamber 58 via the accommodating chamber 59 and the communication passage 73, so that the pressure in the back pressure chamber 58 is prevented from being equalized with the pressure in the control pressure chamber 35.
(2) The displacement control valve 50 has the guide wall 69, which guides the valve member 68 in the moving direction of the drive force transmitting member 57. The valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 are connected to each other via the clearance 69s between the guide wall 69 and the valve member 68. Since the valve member 68 is guided by the guide wall 69, the valve member 68 is prevented from being tilted with respect to the moving direction, so that the first valve body 68v is guided to a reliable closed state. Since the clearance 69s is formed between the guide wall 69 and the valve member 68, the valve member 68 moves smoothly. This allows the first valve body 68v to move smoothly. The responsiveness of the displacement control valve 50 is improved accordingly.
(3) The valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 are connected to each other by the communication passage 75. This configuration expedites the discharge of refrigerant gas from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15a when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped, compared to a case in which, for example, the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 are connected to each other only by the clearance 69s between the guide wall 69 and the valve member 68 without providing the communication passage 75. When current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53, the pressure in the back pressure chamber 58 is equalized with the pressure in the suction chamber 15a, which is equal to that in the valve chamber 67, since the back pressure chamber 58 is connected to the valve chamber 67 via the communication passage 75. This configuration shortens the time for the pressure in the back pressure chamber 58 to be equalized with the pressure in the suction chamber 15a, which is equal to the valve chamber 67, compared to a case in which, for example, the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 are connected to each other only by the clearance 69s between the guide wall 69 and the valve member 68 without providing the communication passage 75.
(4) For example, if a valve seat on which the first valve body 68v is seated is formed integrally with the valve housing 50h, the valve seat can hinder the installation of the valve member 68 in the valve housing 50h when the valve member 68 is installed in the valve housing 50h. Therefore, the valve seat 65e, on which the first valve body 68v is seated, is formed on the valve seat member 65, and the valve seat member 65 is formed separately from the valve housing 50h. This allows the valve seat member 65 to be moved relative to the valve housing 50h at the installation of the valve member 68 in the valve housing 50h. Therefore, the valve seat 65e does not hinder the installation of the valve member 68 in the valve housing 50h. Accordingly, the procedure for installing the valve member 68 in the valve housing 50h is simplified.
(5) The urging spring 66 for urging the valve seat member 65 toward the first valve body 68v is located between the valve seat member 65 and the pressure sensing mechanism 60. In this configuration, before the pressure sensing mechanism 60, the valve seat member 65, and the valve member 68 are installed in the valve housing 50h, the urging spring 66 urges the valve seat member 65 toward the first valve body 68v. Therefore, the pressure sensing mechanism 60, the valve seat member 65, and the valve member 68 are assembled as a unit via the urging spring 66. Compared to a case in which the pressure sensing mechanism 60, the valve seat member 65, and the valve member 68 are independent, the unit can be easily installed in the valve housing 50h. Since the urging spring 66 is located between the valve seat member 65 and the pressure sensing mechanism 60, the positions of the valve seat member 65 and the pressure sensing mechanism 60 can be adjusted by using the urging spring 66 during installation. This allows the positions of the valve seat member 65 and the pressure sensing mechanism 60 to be easily determined.
(6) According to the present embodiment, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 can be minimized when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is stopped. Therefore, when the current supply to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is resumed, the variable displacement swash plate type compressor 10 is operated at the minimum displacement. Thus, the load on the variable displacement swash plate type compressor 10 is prevented from being increased due to an abrupt increase in the displacement.
(7) The variable displacement swash plate type compressor 10 of the present embodiment receives rotational drive force from the engine E via the power transmission mechanism PT, which is a clutchless mechanism. This configuration reduces the weight of the entire variable displacement swash plate type compressor 10 and the electricity consumption for driving the power transmission mechanism, which is an electromagnetic clutch mechanism, compared to a case in which the rotary shaft 21 receives rotational drive force from the engine E via a power transmission mechanism that is an electromagnetic clutch mechanism only when current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53.
(8) According to the present embodiment, in a state in which no current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 in a configuration in which the rotary shaft 21 receives rotational drive force from the engine E via the power transmission mechanism PT, which is a clutchless mechanism, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 can be changed to the minimum inclination even if the pressure in the suction chamber 15a increases. This ensures the minimum displacement operation. As a result, the power consumption of the engine E is minimized.
(9) The fixed iron core 54 has a recess 54e, which is formed in an end face of the fixed iron core 54 that faces the bottom wall 52e of the second housing member 52 and surrounds the drive force transmitting member 57. The recess 54e and the bottom wall 52e define the back pressure chamber 58. This configuration extends the guide wall 69 in the moving direction of the drive force transmitting member 57 compared to a case in which the back pressure chamber 58 is defined by the fixed iron core 54 and a recess that is formed in the bottom wall 52e of the second housing member 52 that faces the fixed iron core 54 and surrounds the drive force transmitting member 57. As a result, it is easy to reduce the possibility that the valve member 68 may be inclined with respect to the moving direction of the drive force transmitting member 57. Also, the drive force transmitting member 57 can be shortened in the moving direction, so that the weight of the drive force transmitting member 57 is reduced. This allows the force of the spring 56 to be minimized and the size of the coil 53c to be reduced.
(10) The valve member 68 is formed of a material that is lighter than that of the drive force transmitting member 57 (for example, of aluminum). Therefore, the increase in the weight of the displacement control valve 50 will be limited even if the size of the first valve body 68v is increased.
(11) The surface of the valve member 68 is subjected to surface treatment, for example, coating of a high abrasion resistance. This minimizes the sliding resistance between the guide wall 69 and the valve member 68, which is generated when the valve member 68 is guided in the moving direction of the drive force transmitting member 57 by the guide wall 69.
The above described embodiment may be modified as follows.
As shown in
In this configuration, since the outer diameter of the second valve body 74A can be made greater than the diameter of the shaft of the drive force transmitting member 57, the inner diameter of the communication passage 73 (the first passage 73a) can be made greater than the diameter of the shaft of the drive force transmitting member 57. This allows the diameter of the shaft of the drive force transmitting member 57 to be reduced, so that the weight of the drive force transmitting member 57 is reduced. Accordingly, the size of the electromagnetic solenoid 53 (coil c) can be reduced. Since the second valve body 74 can be formed simply by providing the movable member 79, which conforms to the shape of the inner circumferential surface 58a of the back pressure chamber 58, the structure of the displacement control valve 50 is simplified.
In the illustrated embodiment, the surface of the valve member 68 does not necessarily need to be subjected to surface treatment, for example, coating of a high abrasion resistance.
In the illustrated embodiment, the outer diameter of a part of the valve member 68 located in the valve chamber 67 may be reduced to form pressure receiving portion that receives the pressure in the valve chamber 67. The pressure sensing mechanism 60 may be configured to either extend or contract in the moving direction of the drive force transmitting member 57 in response to the pressure applied to the pressure receiving portion.
Therefore, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalence of the appended claims.
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