Patent Grant
7733395
This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 95116184, filed on May 8, 2006. All disclosure of the Taiwan application is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a signal amplifier circuit, in which controllable amplifier gain. More particularly, the present invention relates to a variable-gain amplifier circuit and a method of changing the gain amplifier path suitable for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal, wherein the path of amplifying the image sensing signal is also controllable.
2. Description of Related Art
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor is an image sensor widely used at present and can be produced by using a standard semiconductor process. Since CMOS devices have the advantages of low power consumption, low cost and can be well integrated with peripheral circuits, the CMOS image sensors have been widely used in many fields such as digital cameras, camera mobile phones, video recorders, security monitor systems, and medical equipments.
Generally, a CMOS image sensor has a variable-gain amplifier circuit with an amplification factor of 8˜24, wherein the factor is subdivided. Based on the consideration of the circuit layout and the linearity of variable gain amplifiers (VGA), the variable-gain amplifier circuit in the CMOS image sensor usually comprises a plurality of VGAs connected in series. As an operational amplifier in the VGA are not optimal, for example, having a limited DC gain and limited bandwidth, the input sensing signal is distorted after passing through each stage of the amplifying circuit. Therefore, in order to reduce distortion, the DC gain and bandwidth of the operational amplifier must be increased. However, the above two characteristics, impacting each other, cannot be improved simultaneously. In addition, after passing through the variable-gain amplifier circuit, the signal must be converted to be digital data by a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), so the quality of the signal amplified by the VGAs must exceed the resolution of the subsequent ADC. Therefore, the operational amplifier in the preceding VGA must meet a high requirement. To achieve the requirements of a high DC gain and broadband, the operational amplifier usually consumes a large amount of power and occupies a large area of the chip. In another aspect, since the input sensing signal must pass through every stage of VGA to reach the ADC, the gain error of the whole circuit is increased with the increase of the number of amplifiers and the latency of the whole circuit is increased accordingly.
In the conventional variable-gain amplifier circuit, the way to reduce the signal distortion is to increase the DC gain of the operational amplifier in the VGA while maintaining the bandwidth of the operational amplifier. However, this design method may cause a great increase in the chip area and power consumption of the circuit.
Therefore, the present invention provides a variable-gain amplifier circuit, for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The variable-gain amplifier circuit comprises two variable path and gain amplifier circuits. When the image sensing signal does not need a large amplification factor, only the gain amplifier paths in the variable path and gain amplifier circuits are changed to make the image sensing signal pass through a less number of VGA for generating a required image result, thereby reducing the power consumption of the circuit and saving the manufacturing cost.
The present invention provides a variable-gain amplifier circuit, for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The variable-gain amplifier circuit comprises a plurality of variable path and gain amplifier circuits. When the image sensing signal does not need a large amplification factor, only the gain amplifier paths in the variable path and gain amplifier circuits are changed to make the image sensing signal pass through a less number of VGA for generating a required image result, thereby reducing the power consumption of the circuit and saving the manufacturing cost to some extent.
The present invention provides a variable-gain amplifier circuit, for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The variable-gain amplifier circuit comprises two VGAs and a path changing circuit. When the image sensing signal does not need a large amplification factor, only the gain amplifier paths are changed by the path changing circuit to make the image sensing signal pass through a less number of VGA for generating a required image result, thereby reducing the power consumption of the circuit and saving the manufacturing cost.
The present invention provides a method of changing the gain amplifier paths for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal, wherein two VGAs are provided. The gain amplifier paths through which the image sensing signal passes are respectively controlled according to two control signals, thereby reducing the power consumption of the circuit as required.
The present invention provides a method of changing the gain amplifier paths for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal, wherein two VGAs are provided. The gain amplifier paths through which the image sensing signal passes are controlled according to a control signal, so as to reduce the power consumption of the circuit as required.
In an aspect of the present invention, a variable-gain amplifier circuit is provided for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The variable-gain amplifier circuit comprises a first variable path and gain amplifier circuit and a second variable path and gain amplifier circuit. The first variable path and gain amplifier circuit comprises a first VGA. The first variable path and gain amplifier circuit makes the signal at the output end to be the signal at the input end either being amplified by the first VGA or bypassing without being amplified by the first VGA according to a first control signal. The second variable path and gain amplifier circuit comprises a second VGA. The second variable path and gain amplifier circuit makes the signal at the output end to be the signal at the input end being amplified by the second VGA or bypassing without being amplified by the second VGA according to a second control signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit further comprises a first switch circuit connected in series with the first VGA and a second switch circuit coupled between the input end and the output end of the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit. The first control signal turns on either the first switch circuit or the second switch circuit at a time. The second variable path and gain amplifier circuit further comprises a third switch circuit connected in series with the second VGA and a fourth switch circuit coupled between the input end and the output end of the second variable path and gain amplifier circuit. The second control signal turns on either the third switch circuit or the fourth switch circuit at a time.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit of the present invention is coupled to an ADC. When the signal at the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit is an image sensing signal being amplified by the first VGA and the second VGA, the ADC reduces the resolution of the output digital signal. Further, the above variable-gain amplifier circuit further comprises a controller for outputting the first control signal and the second control signal according to the digital signal output by the ADC, so as to control the paths in the first and second variable path and gain amplifier circuits.
In another aspect of the present invention, a variable-gain amplifier circuit is provided for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The variable-gain amplifier circuit comprises a plurality of variable path and gain amplifier circuits connected in series. Each of the variable path and gain amplifier circuits comprises a VGA. Additionally, each of the variable path and gain amplifier circuits makes the signal at the output end to be the signal at the input end being amplified by the above VGA or bypassing without being amplified by the VGA according to a control signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the variable path and gain amplifier circuits further comprises a first switch circuit connected in series with the above VGA and a second switch circuit coupled between the input end and the output end of each variable path and gain amplifier circuits. The above control signal turns on either the first switch circuit or the second switch circuit at a time.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit is coupled to an ADC. When the signal at the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit is an image sensing signal amplified by a plurality of VGAs, the ADC reduces the resolution of the output digital signal. Further, the variable-gain amplifier circuit further comprises a controller for outputting the control signals according to the digital signal output by the ADC, so as to control the paths in the variable path and gain amplifier circuits.
In still another aspect of the present invention, a variable-gain amplifier circuit is provided for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The variable-gain amplifier circuit comprises a first VGA, a second VGA, and a path changing circuit coupled to the first VGA and the second VGA. The path changing circuit makes the signal at the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit to be an image sensing signal being amplified by either the first VGA or the second VGA, or bypassing without being amplified by both the first and second VGAs, or being amplified by both the two amplifiers according to a control signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit is coupled to an ADC. When the signal at the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit is the image sensing signal being amplified by the first and the second VGAs, the ADC reduces the resolution of the output digital signal. In addition, the variable-gain amplifier circuit further comprises a controller for outputting the control signals according to the digital signal output by the ADC, so as to control the path changing circuit.
In another aspect of the present invention, a method of changing the gain amplifier paths is provided for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The method comprises providing a first VGA and a second VGA; making an intermediate signal to be the image sensing signal being amplified by the first VGA or bypassing without being amplified by the first VGA according to a first control signal; and making the output signal to be the above intermediate signal being amplified by the second VGA or bypassing without being amplified by the second VGA according to a second control signal.
In another aspect of the present invention, a method of changing the gain amplifier paths is provided for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The method comprises providing a first VGA and a second VGA, and making the output signal to be the image sensing signal at the input end being amplified by passing through either the first VGA or the second VGA, or bypassing without being amplified by both the first and second VGAs, or being amplified by both the two amplifiers according to a control signal.
The present invention adopts a method of dynamically changing the gain amplifier paths in the variable-gain amplifier circuit. If the input sensing signal does not need a large amplification factor, the signal passes through only a less number of VGA to achieve a better circuit performance with small gain errors. Further, when the sensing signal needs a large amplification factor, the signal passes through more numbers of VGAs and the resolution order of the ADC is adjusted, such that the processing time of the whole circuit is the same as that of the circuit with the signal passing through a lower resolution of ADC. Moreover, the gain amplifier paths can be dynamically changed for reducing the design requirement of the circuit, thus avoiding consuming a large amount of power and reducing the chip area.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, such that the aspects and features of the present invention are apparent.
According to the existing characteristics of the switch circuit and series circuit, in the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit 210, the positions of the first switch circuit 212 and the first VGA 211 can be exchanged without affecting the characteristics and functions of the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit 210. In other words, the first switch circuit 212 can be coupled between the output end of the first VGA 211 and the output end of the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit 210, or the first switch circuit 212 can be coupled between the input end of the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit 210 and the input end of the first VGA 211, for achieving the same circuit characteristics and functions.
The second variable path and gain amplifier circuit 220 comprises a second VGA 221, a third switch circuit 222, and a fourth switch circuit 223. The third switch circuit 222 is connected in series with the second VGA 221. The fourth switch circuit 223 is coupled between the input end and output end of the second variable path and gain amplifier circuit. The second variable path and gain amplifier circuit 220 makes the signal at the output end to be the signal at the input end being amplified by the second VGA 221 or bypassing without being amplified by the second VGA 221 according to a second control signal CTRL 22. The second control signal CTRL 22 turns on either the third switch circuit 222 or the fourth switch circuit 223 at a time. That is, a control signal CTRL223 in the second control signal CTRL 22 turns on the third switch circuit 222 and meanwhile a control signal CTRL224 in the second control signal CTRL 22 turns off the fourth switch circuit 223. Otherwise, a control signal CTRL223 in the second control signal CTRL 22 turns off the third switch circuit 222 and meanwhile a control signal CTRL224 in the second control signal CTRL 22 turns on the fourth switch circuit 223. Therefore, under the control of the second control signal CTRL 22, the output signal of the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit 210 can be amplified by the second VGA 221 or directly bypass the second variable path and gain amplifier circuit 220 via the fourth switch circuit 223 without being amplified.
According to the existing characteristics of the switch circuit and series circuit, in the second variable path and gain amplifier circuit 220, the positions of the third switch circuit 222 and the second VGA 221 can be exchanged without affecting the characteristics and functions of the second variable path and gain amplifier circuit 220. In other words, the third switch circuit 222 can be coupled between the output end of the second VGA 221 and the output end of the second variable path and gain amplifier circuit 220, or the third switch circuit 222 can be coupled between the input end of the second variable path and gain amplifier circuit 220 and the input end of the second VGA 221, for achieving the same circuit characteristics and functions.
As shown in
The input end of the controller 600 is coupled to the output end of the ADC 500. Thus, the controller 600 outputs the first control signal CTRL 21 and the second control signal CTRL 22 according to the digital signal output by the ADC 500, so as to control the paths inside the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit 210 and the second variable path and gain amplifier circuit 220.
In order to obtain the first control signal CTRL 21 and the second control signal CTRL 22, the digital signal output by the ADC 500 is directly input into the controller 600, or the digital signal output by the ADC 500 is processed to generate signal to be input into the controller 600. For example, the ADC 500 is coupled to an image processor. The output signal of the ADC 500 is processed by the image processor to obtain an image result. Then, the controller 600 can generate the first control signal CTRL 21 and the second control signal CTRL 22 according to the image result.
If the image is bright, this indicates that the image sensing signal has a high strength, resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, and a low amplification factor is required, and thus the signal passes through a less number of VGA. When the signal is amplified by every VGA, the gain error is incurred. Therefore, if the signal only passes through a few VGAs, the incurred gain error is small, thus achieving a better performance. At this time, the image sensing signal can optionally skip the first VGA 211 or the second VGA 221. For example, the amplification factor of the first VGA 211 is 1˜4 and the gain step is 0.5, and the amplification factor of the second VGA 221 is 1˜4 and the gain step is 0.05. If the image sensing signal is required to be amplified by a factor of 1˜4, the first control signal CTRL 21 correspondingly generated by the controller 600 turns off the first switch circuit 212 and turns on the second switch circuit 213. Meanwhile, the second control signal CTRL 22 correspondingly generated by the controller 600 turns on the third switch circuit 222 and turns off the fourth switch circuit 223. As such, the image sensing signal bypasses without passing through the first VGA 211 and is directly amplified by the second VGA 221, thereby achieving a better performance and meanwhile reducing the power consumption of the whole circuit. In general, if the DC gain of the operational amplifier in the first VGA 211 is A1, and the DC gain of the operational amplifier in the second VGA 221 is A2, the gains of the first VGA 211 and the second VGA 221 are both 1. As such, the gain error of the variable-gain amplifier circuit 200 can be reduced to approximately 1/A1 or 1/A2, thus reducing the design requirement of the circuit. Therefore, the DC gain of the operational amplifier in the first VGA 211 or the second VGA 221 can be reduced by approximately 6 db.
If the image is dim, this indicates that the image sensing signal has a low strength, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio, and a large amplification factor is required, and thus the signal must be amplified by more numbers of VGAs. At this time, the image sensing signal passes through the first VGA 211 and the second VGA 221. For example, at this time, the first control signal CTRL 21 correspondingly generated by the controller 600 turns on the first switch circuit 212 and turns off the second switch circuit 213. Meanwhile, the second control signal CTRL 22 correspondingly generated by the controller 600 turns on the third switch circuit 222 and turns off the fourth switch circuit 223. As such, the image sensing signal is amplified by the first VGA 211 and the second VGA 221. If the gain of the first VGA 211 is 1/β1, and the gain of the second VGA 221 is 1/β2, the gain error of the variable-gain amplifier circuit 200 is 1/(A1·β1)+1/(A2·β2). Although the gain error rises, the signal-to-noise ratio of the image sensing signal currently is relatively low, and thus, the value of the gain error is far smaller than the signal-to-noise ratio of the image sensing signal, thereby avoiding affecting the output of the image result.
The present invention can present better characteristics when taking the processing time into consideration. In
The variable-gain amplifier circuit 200 optionally comprises a plurality of variable path and gain amplifier circuits, wherein each of the variable path and gain amplifier circuits comprises a VGA, a first switch circuit, and a second switch circuit. The first switch circuit is connected in series with the VGA. The second switch circuit is coupled between the input end and output end of each of the variable path and gain amplifier circuits. Each variable path and gain amplifier circuit makes the signal at the output end to be the signal at the input end either being amplified by the VGA or bypassing without being amplified by the VGA according to a control signal. The control signal turns on either the first switch circuit or the second switch circuit at a time. That is, the control signal turns on the first switch circuit and meanwhile turns off the second switch circuit. Otherwise, the control signal turns off the first switch circuit and meanwhile turns on the second switch circuit. Therefore, under the control of the control signal, the signal can be amplified by the VGA or bypass the variable path and gain amplifier circuit via the second switch circuit without being amplified.
According to the existing characteristics of the switch circuit and series circuit, in each of the variable path and gain amplifier circuits, the positions of the first switch circuit and the VGA can be exchanged without affecting the characteristics and functions of the variable path and gain amplifier circuit. In other words, the first switch circuit can be coupled between the output end of the VGA and the output end of the variable path and gain amplifier circuit, or the first switch circuit can be coupled between the input end of the first variable path and gain amplifier circuit and the input end of the VGA, for achieving the same circuit characteristics and functions.
When the variable-gain amplifier circuit 200 comprises a plurality of variable path and gain amplifier circuits, the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit is coupled to the ADC. When the signal at the output end of the variable-gain amplifier circuit is the image sensing signal being amplified by a plurality of VGAs, the ADC reduces the resolution of the output digital signal. The input end of the controller is coupled to the output end of the ADC, such that the controller can output the control signals according to the digital signal output by the ADC, so as to control the paths in the variable path and gain amplifier circuits.
It can be known from the above two embodiments that though the VGAs and some switch circuits in the figures are connected in series and separated as two components, the present invention is not limited to this. In practice, some VGAs can control whether or not enabling the output, so the switch circuits connected in series can be omitted or the switch circuits can be integrated into the VGAs to form a single component, which also falls in the scope of the present invention.
Seen from the above, the present invention provides a method of changing the gain amplifier paths for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The method comprises providing the first VGA and the second VGA; making an intermediate signal to be the image sensing signal either being amplified by the first VGA or bypassing without being amplified by the first VGA according to the first control signal; and making the output signal to be the above intermediate signal either being amplified by the second VGA or bypassing without being amplified by the second VGA according to the second control signal.
As shown in
Seen from the above, the present invention also provides another method of changing the gain amplifier paths for receiving and amplifying an image sensing signal. The method comprises providing a first VGA and a second VGA, and making the output signal to be the image sensing signal at the input end being amplified by passing through either the first VGA or the second VGA, or bypassing without being amplified by both the first and second VGAs, or being amplified by both of the two VGAs according to a control signal.
In view of the above, in the variable-gain amplifier circuit of the present invention, the method of dynamically changing the gain amplifier paths is adopted to obtain an appropriate construction of the variable-gain amplifier circuit, thereby reducing the design requirement of the circuit.
Though the present invention has been disclosed above by the preferred embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Anybody skilled in the art can make some modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protecting range of the present invention falls in the appended claims.
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