Patent Application
20050098353
The present invention relates to a downhole drilling apparatus having a variable gauge such that the drilling apparatus provides a range of drilling apparatus sizes compatible for use within a range of borehole sizes in which the drilling apparatus is to be inserted. Further, the present invention relates to a method for assembling a variable gauge drilling apparatus for insertion in a borehole having a specific borehole size.
Downhole devices are often used during drilling operations which are required to engage the wall of the borehole. These borehole engaging devices are typically located along the length of the drilling string and extend radially or outwardly therefrom to engage the borehole wall to perform their specific intended function.
Such downhole borehole engaging devices include stabilizers, underreamers and anti-rotation devices. Stabilizers are typically located at various positions along the length of the drilling string to provide lateral support for the drilling string and to centralize the drilling string in the borehole. The stabilizer may be comprised of blades, pads or any other borehole engaging member capable of supporting and centralizing the drilling string, which members tend to be fixed in an extended position extending outwardly or radially from the drilling string. When using a stabilizer, it is desirable that each of the blades, pads or other borehole engaging members engage the borehole wall concurrently or simultaneously in order to support and centralize the drilling string. Thus, the size or gauge of the stabilizer is selected to be compatible with the size or gauge of the borehole in which it is to be used such that the stabilizer can perform its intended function.
Underreamers are typically utilized in the drilling string in order to expand the gauge or diameter of the borehole to a dimension which is greater then the gauge or diameter which is attainable with only a drill bit. The underreamer may be comprised of blades or any other borehole engaging member capable of reaming the borehole wall in the desired manner, which borehole engaging members preferably engage the wall such that the gauge or diameter of the borehole can be increased relatively evenly or consistently. The borehole engaging members of the underreamer may be fixed in an extended position, such as in the stabilizer, or the members may be movable between an extended position and a retracted position. The member is preferably capable of being locked in the extended position to perform the reaming function. Thus, as with the stabilizer, the size or gauge of the underreamer is selected to be compatible with the size or gauge of the borehole in which it is to be used such that the underreamer can perform its intended function.
Anti-rotation devices or rotation restraining devices are often used during drilling operations to enable a portion of the drilling string, such as a housing of a downhole motor, a rotary steerable device or system or other drilling apparatus, to resist rotation relative to the wall of the borehole. For instance, a drilling string or a drilling shaft with an attached drill bit may be rotated to perform the drilling operation, while it is desirable to resist the rotation of a housing surrounding the drilling string or drilling shaft in order to provide for or to enhance the stability and/or steerability of the drill bit.
In such applications, the drilling string or drilling shaft typically rotates within the housing while an anti-rotation device associated with the housing engages the borehole wall in order to resist the rotation of the housing. Anti-rotation or rotation restraining devices are commonly used in conjunction with downhole motor assemblies and rotary steerable drilling systems, such as that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,224,361 issued Jun. 12, 2001 to Comeau et. al.
A typical anti-rotation device is comprised of a number of rotation restraining members such as blades, pads, rollers or pistons which are arranged about the circumference of the housing and protrude therefrom in order to engage the borehole wall. In order to function in the desired manner and inhibit the rotation of the housing, at least one of the rotation restraining members must engage the borehole wall. These members may be movable between extended and retracted positions to facilitate movement of the anti-rotation device through the borehole. Further, as with the stabilizer and the underreamer, the size or gauge of the housing and the anti-rotation device, including the protruding rotation restraining members, are selected to be compatible with the size or gauge of the borehole in which the anti-rotation device is to be used such that the anti-rotation device can perform its intended function.
More particularly, with respect to the anti-rotation device, the housing typically has a fixed diameter. The rotation restraining members are affixed or fitted within the housing and typically have a limited range of radial movement relative to the housing. Thus, the anti-rotation device has a pre-determined or relatively fixed gauge, size or dimension suitable for use within one selected or desired gauge of borehole. In other words, the drilling apparatus, including the anti-rotation device affixed or fitted within the housing thereof, must be assembled for each specific size or gauge of borehole in which it is to be used. For instance, to utilize the drilling apparatus in boreholes having different gauges or within a single borehole having a varying gauge, the housing and the anti-rotation device affixed thereto must be selected to have a size or configuration compatible for insertion in each differing borehole gauge. Accordingly, a different drilling apparatus having a different configuration must be provided for each borehole gauge or the drilling apparatus must be substantially disassembled and re-assembled to be suitable for each borehole gauge.
As a result, there is a need for a variable gauge drilling apparatus for use in drilling operations. Further, there is a need for a variable gauge drilling apparatus comprised of a borehole engaging device, such as a stabilizer, an underreamer or an anti-rotation device, in which the gauge of the drilling apparatus can be relatively easily varied to permit its use in a range of borehole sizes or gauges such that the borehole engaging device engages the borehole wall to perform its intended function.
The within invention is comprised of a variable gauge drilling apparatus and a method for assembling the variable gauge drilling assembly for insertion in a subject borehole. The variable gauge drilling apparatus preferably comprises a portion, element or component of a drilling string for insertion in a borehole. Further, the drilling apparatus may comprise a portion, element or component of another downhole tool or device comprising the drilling string. For instance, the variable gauge drilling apparatus may comprise or form a component of such downhole drilling tools or devices as a downhole motor assembly, a rotary steerable system or other directional drilling apparatus or any other apparatus or sub comprising the drilling string.
The variable gauge drilling apparatus is suitable for use in a selected or predetermined design range of borehole sizes or gauges. The method provides for the assembly of the variable gauge drilling assembly for insertion in a subject borehole having a subject borehole size within the design range of borehole sizes. The borehole size or gauge is determined by a diameter of the borehole.
Further, the drilling apparatus has a drilling apparatus size or gauge which is variable within a selected or predetermined range of drilling apparatus sizes, wherein the range of drilling apparatus sizes is compatible for use of the drilling apparatus within the design range of borehole sizes. The drilling apparatus size refers to a maximum cross-sectional dimension of the drilling apparatus. Specifically, the drilling apparatus size is determined by a drilling apparatus diameter defined by the diameter of a circle closely encompassing or enclosing the maximum outer cross-sectional perimeter of the drilling apparatus.
Further, the drilling apparatus size is varied to a selected drilling apparatus size suitable for insertion in the subject borehole. The selected drilling apparatus size is within the range of drilling apparatus sizes and is selected such that the drilling apparatus is capable of, or suitable for, engaging the wall of the borehole in a desired manner upon its insertion in the subject borehole. The manner in which the drilling apparatus engages the borehole wall is determined largely be the relationship between, or the relative dimensions of, the selected drilling apparatus size and the subject borehole size. Further, the desired manner in which the drilling apparatus engages the borehole wall is dependent upon the intended function of the drilling apparatus and the purpose for which the drilling apparatus engages the borehole such as stabilizing and/or centralizing the drilling string in the borehole, reaming the borehole to a larger gauge or restraining the rotation of a component of the drilling string.
In a first aspect of the invention, the invention is comprised of a variable gauge drilling apparatus comprising:
The variable gauge apparatus is designed and adapted for use within a design range of borehole sizes so that the same apparatus may be used in different boreholes with a variety of drilling string configurations. Once a subject borehole, having a subject borehole size within the design range of boreholes sizes, is selected, the appropriate or compatible interchangeable borehole engaging device must simply be mounted on the apparatus housing. The appropriate or compatible interchangeable borehole engaging device provides the drilling apparatus with a drilling apparatus size compatible with the subject borehole size such that the drilling apparatus is suitable for use in the subject borehole to engage the borehole wall and perform its intended function.
The apparatus housing is preferably comprised of one integral member, element, component or conduit for mounting of the interchangeable borehole engaging device therewith. However, the apparatus housing may be comprised of a plurality of members, elements, components or conduits permanently or detachably connected, affixed or fastened together to form the apparatus housing. Further, as stated, the apparatus housing has a housing size which is suitable for insertion in the subject borehole. The housing size is selected such that the apparatus housing is suitable for insertion in any borehole size within the design range of borehole sizes. As the subject borehole size is within the design range of borehole sizes, the same apparatus housing may be used in any of a variety of subject boreholes.
In order to be suitable for insertion in the subject borehole, it necessarily follows that the housing size must be smaller or less than the subject borehole size. In the preferred embodiment, the apparatus housing is preferably substantially circular on cross-section to be compatible with the circular shape of the borehole. Thus, in the preferred embodiment, the housing size refers to the cross-sectional diameter of the apparatus housing. Accordingly, the diameter of the apparatus housing is less than the diameter of the subject borehole. Further, the diameter of the apparatus housing is preferably selected relative to the diameter of the subject borehole to provide a sufficient annulus or clearance space between the apparatus housing and the borehole wall to permit any required or desired fluid flow, such as drilling mud or other drilling fluids, through the annulus during the drilling operation. In other words, the apparatus housing is selected so that the housing size is smaller than the borehole size to an extent sufficient to prevent blockage of a clearance space between the apparatus housing and the borehole during use of the drilling apparatus.
The interchangeable borehole engaging device may be comprised of any device, tool or mechanism intended for use downhole in a manner such that the device, or a portion thereof, engages the wall of the borehole during use either continuously or intermittently. For instance, the interchangeable borehole engaging device may be comprised of a stabilizer or stabilizing device for stabilizing and/or centralizing the drilling string in the borehole during the drilling operation. In this case, the stabilizing device is preferably comprised of one or more stabilizing members, such as blades or pads or other borehole engaging members, which extend from the apparatus housing when the device is mounted in the mount to engage the borehole to perform a stabilizing and/or centralizing function. Accordingly, in this case, the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices is comprised of a plurality of interchangeable stabilizing devices. Further, each of the plurality of interchangeable stabilizing devices is comprised of a stabilizer assembly for mounting in the mount on the apparatus housing.
Alternately, the interchangeable borehole engaging device may be comprised of an underreaming device for reaming or enlarging the borehole during the drilling operation. In this case, the underreaming device is preferably comprised of one or more reaming members, such as blades or other borehole engaging members, which extend from the apparatus housing when the device is mounted in the mount to engage the borehole to perform a borehole reaming or enlarging function. Accordingly, in this case, the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices is comprised of a plurality of interchangeable underreaming devices. Further, each of the plurality of interchangeable underreaming devices is comprised of an underreaming assembly for mounting in the mount on the apparatus housing.
However, in the preferred embodiment, the interchangeable borehole engaging device is comprised of a rotation restraining device for restraining the rotation of the apparatus housing in the borehole during the drilling operation. In this case, the universal borehole engaging device mount may be referred to as a universal rotation restraining device mount. Further, the rotation restraining device is preferably comprised of one or more rotation restraining members, comprised of a plurality of rollers, pistons, blades, pads or other borehole engaging elements or members, which extend from the apparatus housing when the device is mounted in the mount to engage the borehole to perform a rotation restraining or anti-rotation function. Accordingly, in this case, the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices is comprised of a plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices. Further, each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices is preferably comprised of a rotation restraining assembly for mounting in the mount on the apparatus housing. In the preferred embodiment, each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices is comprised of a plurality of rotation restraining assemblies for mounting on the apparatus housing.
The plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices have different device sizes for mounting on the apparatus housing in order to provide the drilling apparatus with a selected drilling apparatus size. The selected drilling apparatus size is within a predetermined range of drilling apparatus sizes which is compatible for use of the drilling apparatus within the design range of borehole sizes. In other words, the different device sizes permit the selection of a selected borehole engaging device which will provide a desired or selected drilling apparatus size when mounted on the apparatus housing which is compatible for use of the drilling apparatus within the subject borehole.
Thus, the housing size in combination with the device size provides the drilling apparatus size. Preferably, the housing size for the drilling apparatus does not vary. As a result, the device size is varied in order to achieve the desired or selected drilling apparatus size. The device size is varied by interchanging the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices having different device sizes. In the preferred embodiment, the housing size is determined by a diameter of the apparatus housing on cross-section. Further, the drilling apparatus size is also preferably determined by a cross-sectional dimension. In the preferred embodiment, the drilling apparatus size is determined by a drilling apparatus diameter defined by the diameter of a circle closely encompassing or enclosing the maximum outer cross-sectional perimeter of the drilling apparatus. The device size provides the difference between the diameter of the apparatus housing and the diameter of the drilling apparatus as defined above.
The universal borehole engaging device mount is located on the apparatus housing. The mount is referred to as being universal as it is configured or otherwise adapted to accept for mounting any one of the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices. Thus, as the drilling apparatus is required for use between subject boreholes having different subject borehole sizes, one interchangeable borehole engaging device having one device size may be removed and simply be replaced with another interchangeable borehole engaging device having a different device size.
The universal mount is located on the apparatus housing and may be comprised of any mechanism, structure, device or means capable of and suitable for mounting one of the interchangeable borehole engaging devices with the apparatus housing. However, preferably, the mount is comprised of a pocket defined by an exterior surface of the apparatus housing. The pocket may have any shape, configuration and dimensions compatible with the borehole engaging device and capable of receiving at least a portion of the borehole engaging device therein. Further, the specific dimensions of the pocket will also be dependent upon the configuration of the apparatus housing including the housing size. Finally, the pocket may be oriented in the exterior surface of the apparatus housing in any suitable manner permitting the receipt of the borehole engaging device therein. In the preferred embodiment, the pocket is axially aligned. In other words, the pocket is preferably aligned with a longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing.
Preferably, the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices is comprised of a plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices and each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices is comprised of a rotation restraining assembly for mounting in the pocket. More preferably, each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices is comprised of a plurality of rotation restraining assemblies and the mount is comprised of a plurality of pockets. In the preferred embodiment, each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices is comprised of at least three rotation restraining assemblies and the mount is comprised of at least three corresponding pockets. In this case, each of the plurality of pockets is preferably axially aligned for receipt of the rotation restraining assembly therein. In other words, each pocket is preferably aligned with the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing. More particularly, each pocket defines a longitudinal axis, wherein the longitudinal axis of each pocket is substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing.
Where the interchangeable rotation restraining device is comprised of a plurality of rotation restraining assemblies for mounting in a plurality of pockets, the rotation restraining assemblies and their respective pockets are preferably spaced about the circumference of the apparatus housing. More preferably, the rotation restraining assemblies and their respective pockets are preferably substantially evenly spaced about the circumference of the apparatus housing to enhance the performance of the rotation restraining device. In addition, if desired, at least two of the rotation restraining carriage assemblies may be spaced about the circumference of the apparatus housing and axially or longitudinally along the apparatus housing so that the rotation restraining assemblies are staggered or offset axially along the apparatus housing.
With respect to drilling apparatus size, in the preferred embodiment comprising a plurality of rotation retraining assemblies, the drilling apparatus size determined by the drilling apparatus diameter is particularly defined by the diameter of a circle closely encompassing or enclosing all of the rotation restraining assemblies when mounted in their respective pockets on cross-section of the drilling apparatus when the rotation restraining assemblies are in an extended position as discussed further below.
Preferably, each rotation restraining assembly is comprised of an assembly housing and a rotation restraining member connected with the assembly housing. The assembly housing is preferably comprised of one integral member, element or component for connection of the rotation restraining member therewith. However, the assembly housing may be comprised of a plurality of members, elements or components permanently or detachably connected, affixed or fastened together to form the assembly housing.
Further, the assembly housing has an assembly housing size, wherein the assembly housing size defines the device size. Specifically, the assembly housing size of the rotation restraining assembly differs between the interchangeable rotation restraining devices such that the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices have different device sizes. In other words, the different device sizes of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices are preferably determined by varying the size of the assembly housings comprising the rotation restraining assemblies of each of the interchangeable rotation restraining devices.
The rotation restraining member may be connected with the assembly housing by any mechanism, structure, device or means for releasably or permanently fastening, affixing or otherwise securing the rotation restraining member with the assembly housing. However, preferably, the rotation restraining member is releasably or removably connected with the assembly housing to facilitate the maintenance, repair and replacement of the rotation restraining member.
Any type or configuration of rotation restraining member capable of engaging the borehole wall to restrain or inhibit the rotation of the apparatus housing within the borehole may be used. For instance, each rotation restraining member may be comprised of one or more rollers, pistons, blades, pads or other borehole engaging elements or members. The rotation restraining member preferably extends outwardly or radially from the assembly housing, which assembly housing is mounted within the pocket defined by the exterior surface of the apparatus housing, for engagement with the borehole wall. Thus, each of the rollers, pistons, blades, pads or other borehole engaging elements or members comprising the rotation restraining assembly extends outwardly or radially towards the borehole wall. Each of the rollers, pistons, blades, pads or other borehole engaging elements or members may further be aligned longitudinally with a longitudinal axis of the assembly housing. Alternately, each of the rollers, pistons, blades, pads or other borehole engaging elements or members may be angled or inclined longitudinally such that the borehole engaging element or member may be acted upon by annulus fluid flow in the clearance space between the apparatus housing and the borehole wall during the drilling operations.
In the preferred embodiment, each rotation restraining member is comprised of a plurality of rollers. Further, each of the rollers preferably has an axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing and is oriented such that the roller is capable of rolling about the axis of rotation of the roller in response to a force exerted on the roller substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing.
Preferably each roller is comprised of a peripheral surface about a circumference of the roller and preferably the peripheral surface is comprised of an engagement surface for engaging the borehole wall to restrain rotation of the apparatus housing. The engagement surface may have any shape or configuration capable of contacting and engaging the borehole wall. Preferably, the engagement surface is comprised of the peripheral surface of the roller being tapered.
Each rotation restraining member may be connected with the assembly housing in a fixed radial position extending from the assembly housing, but preferably the rotation restraining member is capable of movement between a retracted position and an extended position. In the extended position, the rotation restraining member, and thus the plurality of rollers, extend radially or outwardly from the assembly housing for engaging the borehole wall. Movement in an opposite direction inwardly towards the retracted position facilitates the movement of the drilling apparatus through the borehole.
Any mechanism or structure may be operatively associated with the rotation restraining member to permit the movement of the rotation restraining member between the retracted and extended positions. However, preferably, the rotation restraining assembly is further comprised of a biasing device for biasing the rotation restraining member toward the extended position. The biasing device may be comprised of any apparatus or mechanism which can perform the biasing function or which can urge the rotation restraining member towards the extended position.
Preferably the biasing device is comprised of at least one spring which acts between the assembly housing and the rotation restraining member. Alternatively or in addition, the biasing device or spring may extend through the assembly housing to act upon or engage the device mount or the pocket defined by the exterior surface of the apparatus housing. In other words, the biasing device or spring may act between the rotation restraining member and the device mount, and may particularly act between the rotation restraining member and its respective pocket. As a further alternative, the rotation restraining assembly may be comprised of an actuator or actuator device or mechanism for moving the rotation restraining member between the retracted and extended positions.
The drilling apparatus is also preferably comprised of a securing mechanism for securing the interchangeable borehole engaging device with the mount, being the pocket in the preferred embodiment. The securing mechanism may be comprised of any fastener or mechanism, device or means for removably or releasably fastening or affixing the borehole engaging device with the pocket such that the borehole engaging devices are interchangeable. In the preferred embodiment, the drilling apparatus is further comprised of a securing mechanism for securing the rotation restraining assembly in the pocket or for securing each rotation restraining assembly in its respective pocket. Thus, the securing mechanism may be comprised of any fastener or mechanism, device or means, or a combination thereof, for removably or releasably fastening or affixing the rotation restraining assembly in the pocket.
For instance, the securing mechanism may be comprised of at least one fastener, and preferably, a plurality of fasteners. Any type of fastener or combination of types of fasteners capable of securing the rotation restraining assembly in the pocket may be used. Further, any number of such fasteners may be used which is sufficient to maintain the rotation restraining assembly in the pocket when subjected to the stresses or forces encountered downhole during the drilling operation or use of the variable gauge drilling apparatus in the borehole.
For instance, one or more fasteners may be comprised of a screw, bolt, locking pin or reciprocating dowel. The reciprocating dowel, which may be referred to as an expansion piston, may be comprised of any reciprocally movable dowel or pin such that the dowel may be moved between an extended position, in which the rotation restraining assembly is secured within the pocket by the dowel, and a retracted position, in which the rotation restraining assembly may be placed within or removed from the pocket. In this case, the securing mechanism is preferably comprised of at least two opposed axial movable dowels located at opposed ends of the rotation restraining assembly such that each dowel reciprocates axially or along the longitudinal axis of the rotation restraining assembly. When in the extended or expanded position or condition, each dowel extends from the rotation restraining assembly for engagement with or receipt in the device mount or the respective pocket defined by the apparatus housing. When in the retracted or unexpanded position or condition, each dowel is withdrawn from engagement with or receipt in the device mount or the respective pocket.
Alternatively, or in addition to the use of one or more fasteners, the securing mechanism may be comprised of at least one underlying surface on the rotation restraining assembly and at least one complementary overlying surface on the mount. Preferably, the securing mechanism is comprised of a plurality of underlying surfaces on the rotation restraining assembly and a plurality of complementary overlying surfaces on the mount. More particularly, in the preferred embodiment, the securing mechanism is comprised of a plurality of underlying surfaces on each rotation restraining assembly and a plurality of complementary overlying surfaces on the mount. The engagement of the underlying surfaces with the complementary overlying surfaces prevents or inhibits the removal or release of the rotation restraining assembly from the mount, and specifically prevents or inhibits the removal or release of each rotation restraining assembly from its respective pocket.
Each of the underlying surfaces on the rotation restraining assembly may be defined by or comprised of any portion or component or surface of the rotation restraining assembly, including any portion or component or surface of either or both of the rotation restraining member and the assembly housing. However, in the preferred embodiment, each of the underlying surfaces on the rotation restraining assembly is defined by or comprised of the assembly housing. Thus, each of the overlying surfaces acts upon or engages a complementary underlying surface on the assembly housing.
Preferably, the mount is further comprised of an axially movable member positioned on the housing, wherein the axially movable member is axially movable in a securing direction toward a securing position in which the axially movable member overlies the rotation restraining assembly so that one of the plurality of overlying surfaces on the mount is comprised of the axially movable member. Thus, the securing mechanism is comprised of the axially movable member and the complementary underlying surface on the rotation restraining assembly.
The axially movable member may have any shape or configuration capable of providing the overlying surface to engage the complementary underlying surface of the rotation restraining assembly. Further, the axially movable member may be movable in any manner in the securing direction towards the securing position such as through a sliding, rotating or screwing action. Finally, the axially movable member may be comprised of a single integral member, component or element or a plurality of members, components or elements permanently or detachably connected, affixed or secured together to comprise the axially movable member.
Preferably, the axially movable member is comprised of a ring which surrounds the apparatus housing. Thus, the ring is axially movable in the securing direction along the apparatus housing toward the securing position. Axial movement refers to movement along or parallel with the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing. The ring may be comprised of one or more components or elements surrounding the apparatus housing. In the preferred embodiment, the axially movable member is comprised of an abutment ring which surrounds the apparatus housing and a locking ring which surrounds the apparatus housing. Preferably, the abutment ring is axially positioned between the locking ring and the rotation restraining assembly. Thus, the abutment ring directly engages or contacts the rotation restraining assembly, preferably the assembly housing, while the locking ring primarily abuts against or contacts the abutment ring to maintain the abutment ring against the rotation restraining assembly. However, any other arrangement or configuration in which the axially movable member may perform its intended function may be utilized.
The abutment ring and the locking ring may be movable in any manner in the securing direction towards the securing position such as through a sliding, rotating or screwing action. However, preferably, the abutment ring is slidably positioned on the apparatus housing and the locking ring is threadably connected with the apparatus housing. Accordingly, the abutment ring is moved along the apparatus housing through a primarily sliding action, while the locking ring is rotated relative to the apparatus housing to move along the apparatus housing. Thus, the abutment ring slides into contact with the assembly housing and the locking ring is rotated or threaded along the apparatus housing into engagement with the abutment ring to maintain the position of the abutment ring against the assembly housing.
In order to enhance the action of the locking ring and thus assist in maintaining the engagement of the abutment ring with the rotation restraining assembly, the abutment ring is preferably relatively more deformable than both the rotation restraining assembly and the locking ring. The relative ability of the abutment ring to yield or bend has been found to enhance the locking action of the locking ring.
The overlying surface on the mount may be comprised, at least in part, of the locking ring. However, preferably, the overlying surface is primarily or substantially comprised of the abutment ring. The abutment ring may have any shape or configuration suitable for defining the overlying surface or be comprised of any structure adapted to provide the overlying surface. Preferably, the abutment ring is comprised of at least one arm extending axially in the securing direction such that when the axially movable member is in the securing position, at least a portion of the arm is axially aligned with at least one of the plurality of rotation restraining assemblies so that rotation of the abutment ring relative to the apparatus housing is inhibited by at least one of the plurality of rotation restraining assemblies. In the preferred embodiment, the abutment ring is comprised of a plurality of arms extending axially in the securing direction such that when the axially movable member is in the securing position at least a portion of each of the arms is axially aligned with each of the plurality of rotation restraining assemblies.
Further, alternatively or in combination with the axially movable member, one of the plurality of underlying surfaces on the rotation restraining assembly may be comprised of an overcut angular surface on the rotation restraining assembly and one of the overlying surfaces on the mount may be comprised of a complementary undercut angular surface on the mount. Thus, the securing mechanism may be further comprised of the engagement of the overcut angular surface on the rotation restraining assembly with the complementary undercut angular surface on the mount. The angular surfaces may be overcut and undercut any desired degree capable of securing the rotation restraining assembly with the mount. In the preferred embodiment, the complementary angular surfaces are overcut and undercut about 3 degrees or in a range of about 2 to 4 degrees.
For instance, in the preferred embodiment, the mount is comprised of the pocket. Preferably, at least one of the opposed ends of the pocket defines or comprises an undercut angular surface on the mount. Further, at least one of the ends of the housing assembly defines or comprises the complementary overcut angular surface on the rotation restraining device. Where necessary to facilitate the placement and proper fitting of the housing assembly within the mount, the mount may be further comprised of a fitting member. The fitting member is adapted for insertion in the pocket, preferably adjacent one of the opposed ends of the pocket, to fit or rest between the end of the pocket and the adjacent end of the assembly housing. In this case, the surface of the fitting member adjacent the assembly housing preferably defines or comprises the undercut angular surface on the mount for engagement with the complementary overcut angular surface on the assembly housing.
Preferably, the securing mechanism is further comprised of an urging mechanism for urging into engagement the overcut angular surface and the undercut angular surface. The urging mechanism may be comprised of any device, structure, apparatus or means capable of and suitable for urging the angular surfaces into engagement. However, preferably, the urging mechanism is comprised of the axially movable member, wherein the overcut angular surface and the undercut angular surface are urged into engagement by axial movement of the axially movable member in the securing direction. Any portion or surface of the axially movable member may contact any portion or surface of the rotation restraining assembly to urge the angular surfaces into engagement. However, preferably, the axially movable member is comprised of an urging shoulder for engaging the rotation restraining assembly and wherein the urging mechanism is comprised of the urging shoulder. In the preferred embodiment, the abutment ring defines or comprises the urging shoulder, which urging shoulder contacts the assembly housing to urge the angular surfaces into engagement.
In addition, the within invention is comprised of a method for assembling a variable gauge drilling apparatus. The method may be used for or applied to the assembly of any compatible variable gauge drilling apparatus, however, the within method is preferably used for or applied to the assembly of the variable gauge drilling apparatus as described herein, and particularly to the assembly of the preferred embodiment of the variable gauge drilling apparatus described herein.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention is comprised of a method for assembling a variable gauge drilling apparatus for insertion in a subject borehole, wherein the subject borehole has a subject borehole size within a design range of borehole sizes, the method comprising the following steps:
In addition, where it is desired or required to interchange the rotation restraining device such that the drilling apparatus is suitable for use in a second subject borehole having a differing subject borehole size than that of the first subject borehole, the method may further include the following steps:
As discussed previously, the apparatus housing is preferably selected so that the housing size is smaller than the borehole size to an extent sufficient to prevent blockage of a clearance space between the apparatus housing and the borehole during use of the drilling apparatus.
Further, the selected rotation restraining device is selected to provide a selected drilling apparatus size such that the rotation restraining device will engage the borehole during use of the drilling apparatus to inhibit rotation of the apparatus housing relative to the borehole. In the preferred embodiment, the selected rotation restraining device is selected so that the selected drilling apparatus size is approximately equal to the borehole size. In this case, the selected drilling apparatus size will permit the rotation restraining device to engage the borehole in a sufficient manner to inhibit rotation of the apparatus housing.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The within invention is directed at a variable gauge drilling apparatus (20) and a method for assembling the variable gauge drilling apparatus (20) for insertion in a subject borehole (21). The drilling apparatus (20) has a variable gauge such that the size or outer perimetrical dimension of the drilling apparatus (20) may be varied as required to be compatible for insertion and use within the desired subject borehole (21). The subject borehole (21) has a subject borehole size within a design range of borehole sizes. The drilling apparatus (20) and the components or members thereof are adapted and configured to permit the variation of the size or gauge of the drilling apparatus to be compatible with the design range of borehole sizes. Accordingly different drilling apparatuses may be configured to be compatible with different design ranges of borehole size. The borehole size, as shown by reference number (23) in
In the preferred embodiment described herein, the drilling apparatus (20) is adapted for insertion and use within a design range of borehole sizes having a diameter of between about 12.250 inches (31.115 cm) and 17.500 inches (44.45 cm). Thus, the subject borehole (21) would have a diameter within the range of between about 12.250 inches (31.115 cm) and 17.500 inches (44.45 cm). However, as stated, the drilling apparatus (20) may be adapted or configured to be compatible for use with other design ranges of borehole size.
The variable gauge drilling apparatus (20) is comprised of an apparatus housing (22), a plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) and a universal borehole engaging device mount (26). In order to vary the gauge or outer perimetrical dimension of the drilling apparatus (20), the size or dimensions of any of the components of the drilling apparatus (20) may be varied. However, in the preferred embodiment, the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) have different device sizes such that the interchanging of the borehole engaging devices (24) varies the size of the drilling apparatus (20).
The drilling apparatus (20) has a drilling apparatus size. The drilling apparatus size refers to a maximum or outermost perimetrical dimension of the drilling apparatus (20) on cross-section. More particularly, as the drilling apparatus (20) is intended for insertion in a subject borehole (21), the drilling apparatus size (20) is preferably determined by a diameter of the drilling apparatus (20) which is defined herein as the diameter of a circle closely encompassing or enclosing the outermost perimeter of the drilling apparatus (20) on cross-section.
The drilling apparatus size may be varied within a range of drilling apparatus sizes, wherein the range of drilling apparatus sizes is compatible for use of the drilling apparatus (20) within the design range of borehole sizes. Thus, in the preferred embodiment, the range of drilling apparatus sizes is compatible for use of the drilling apparatus (20) within a subject borehole (21) having a size ranging from about 12.250 inches (31.115 cm) to about 17.500 inches (44.45 cm).
As indicated, any of the components or elements of the drilling apparatus (20) may be varied in order to vary the drilling apparatus size such that it is compatible for use of the drilling apparatus (20) within the subject borehole (21). However, preferably, the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) have different device sizes for mounting on the apparatus housing (22) and particularly for mounting with the universal borehole engaging device mount (26), which may be referred to herein simply as the device mount (26). The different device sizes of the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) provide the drilling apparatus (20) with different drilling apparatus sizes within the range of drilling apparatus sizes compatible with the design range of borehole sizes. The apparatus housing (22) and the device mount (26) do not require any modification or adaptation. In other words, the same configuration and size of the apparatus housing (22) and the device mount (26) may be used with any of the plurality of the interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24). As a result, the drilling apparatus size may be readily changed by removing one of the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) having a first device size from the device mount (26) and mounting a further one of the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) having a different second device size with the device mount (26).
Referring to
The housing size is therefore selected to permit the insertion of the apparatus housing (22) within the subject borehole (21). Accordingly, the apparatus housing (22) has a housing size smaller or less than the subject borehole size (23). In other words, the diameter of the apparatus housing (22) is less than the diameter of the subject borehole (21). In addition, the housing size or diameter of the apparatus housing (22) is also selected to provide an annulus or clearance space (25) between the apparatus housing (22) and the wall of the subject borehole (21) which is sufficient to permit any required or desired fluid flow, such as drilling mud or other drilling fluids, through the annulus during the drilling operation. In other words, the apparatus housing (22) has a housing size which is smaller than the subject borehole size (23) to an extent sufficient to prevent blockage of the annulus or clearance space (25) during use of the drilling apparatus (20). Finally, as stated, in the preferred embodiment, the apparatus housing (22) does not require any modification for use in any of the boreholes within the design range of borehole sizes. As a result, the housing size is selected to be suitable for insertion in all borehole sizes in the design range of borehole sizes for that particular drilling apparatus (20) and to provide a sufficient clearance space (25) or annulus in all boreholes in the design range.
In the preferred embodiment, the drilling apparatus (20) comprises or forms part of a drilling string for conducting the drilling operation such that the drilling apparatus (20) is located along the length of the drilling string. Thus, the drilling apparatus (20) is adapted for connection into the drilling string. More particularly, the uphole and downhole ends of the apparatus housing (22) are particularly adapted for connection with adjacent subs, components or other downhole tools which also comprise the drilling string. Further, the drilling apparatus (20) may be connected into the drilling string as a separate or distinct sub or component of the drilling string at any position along the length of the drilling string or it may comprise a part or portion of a further tool or component of the drilling string. For instance, the drilling apparatus (20) may be connected with a downhole motor assembly, a rotary steerable drilling system or any other component of the drilling string. Alternatively, a downhole motor assembly, a rotary steerable drilling system or any other component of the drilling string may be comprised of the drilling apparatus (20).
Referring to
The apparatus housing (22) may be connected with adjacent components of the drilling string in any manner and by any permanent or detachable connector or fastener or other means, mechanism or structure for connecting or affixing the adjacent structures together such that communication with the bore (32) of the apparatus housing (22) is permissible. For instance, a welded or threaded connection may be provided at either or both ends (28, 30) of the apparatus housing (22). In the preferred embodiment, the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) at the first end (28) is threaded for threadably connecting with an adjacent structure or component of the drilling string having a complementary threaded inner surface. In other words, the first end (28) is comprised of a threaded pin connector (38) for engaging a complementary threaded box connector (not shown). Further, in the preferred embodiment, the second end (30) of the apparatus housing (22) is comprised of a plurality of teeth (40) for interlocking with or engaging a plurality of complementary teeth (not shown) on an adjacent structure or component of the drilling string. The interlocking teeth of the apparatus housing (22) and the adjacent structure act to prevent or inhibit any relative rotation therebetween.
Finally, as shown in
Further, as stated, the device mount (26) is located on the apparatus housing (22) and is configured to accept for mounting any one of the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24). Thus, the device mount (26) may have any configuration compatible with the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) such that any one of the interchangeable borehole engaging device (24) may be accepted thereby in order to mount the interchangeable borehole engaging device (24) with the apparatus housing (22). Further, the device mount (26) may be comprised of any mechanism, device, structure or other means capable of, or adapted for, mounting the interchangeable borehole engaging device (24) with the apparatus housing (22).
Accordingly, the device mount (26) may be associated with the apparatus housing (22) and located on the apparatus housing (22), particularly its exterior surface (36), in any manner compatible with the function of the device mount (26). For instance, the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) may define or comprise the device mount (26). Thus, the device mount (26) may be integrally formed with or by the apparatus housing (22). Alternately, the device mount (26) may be permanently or detachably fastened, connected or otherwise affixed with the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) in any suitable manner such as by welding or by using one or more fasteners.
In the preferred embodiment, the device mount (26) is integrally formed with the apparatus housing (22). More particularly, the device mount (26) is comprised of at least one pocket (48) defined by the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22). The particular configuration and dimensions of the pocket (48) and the orientation of the pocket (48) relative to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing (22) are selected to be compatible with the interchangeable borehole engaging device (24) as discussed above.
Preferably, the plurality of interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) is comprised of a plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices. Although, as discussed previously, the borehole engaging device (24) may be any device intended for engaging the wall of the borehole when inserted in the subject borehole (21), such as a stabilizer device or underreamer device, the borehole engaging device (24) is preferably a rotation restraining device. The rotation restraining device (24) is provided to engage the subject borehole (21) during use of the drilling apparatus (20) to inhibit rotation of the apparatus housing (22) relative to the borehole. Each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24) may be comprised of any mechanism, device, assembly or means suitable for engaging the borehole wall and capable of being accepted for mounting by the mount device (26).
Further, the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24) have different device sizes for mounting on the apparatus housing (22) by the device mount (26). Thus, interchanging the rotation restraining devices (24) having different device sizes varies the drilling apparatus size within the range of drilling apparatus sizes. The range of drilling apparatus sizes is compatible for use of the drilling apparatus (20) within the design range of borehole sizes. Thus, one of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24) is selected for mounting to provide the desired drilling apparatus size which will be dependent upon the subject borehole size (23). In other words, the specific interchangeable rotation restraining device (24) mounted in the device mount (26) will be compatible with the subject borehole size (23). In the preferred embodiment, the specific rotation restraining device (24) to be mounted with the device mount (26) is selected to provide a drilling apparatus size such that the rotation restraining device (24) will engage the borehole during use of the drilling apparatus (22) to inhibit rotation of the apparatus housing (22) relative to the borehole. To achieve this result, the rotation restraining device (24) is preferably selected so that the drilling apparatus size is approximately equal to the subject borehole size (23). If the drilling apparatus size is significantly or substantially larger than the subject borehole size (23), the drilling apparatus (20) will be incapable of insertion in the borehole or movement of the drilling apparatus (20) longitudinally through the borehole will be impeded. Conversely, if the drilling apparatus size is significantly or substantially smaller than the subject borehole size (23), the rotation restraining device (24) will be unable to sufficiently engage the borehole to inhibit rotation of the apparatus housing (22).
Preferably, each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24) is comprised of at least one rotation restraining assembly (50) for mounting in the pocket (48). In the preferred embodiment, each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24) is comprised of a plurality of rotation restraining assemblies (50). Thus, in the preferred embodiment, the device mount (26) is comprised of a plurality of pockets (48) such that each pocket (48) accepts a single rotation restraining assembly (50) for mounting. Any number of rotation restraining assemblies (50) and corresponding pockets (48) may be used which are sufficient to engage the borehole wall during use of the drilling apparatus (20) to inhibit rotation of the apparatus housing (22) relative to the borehole. In the preferred embodiment, three rotation restraining assemblies (50) are provided for mounting in three corresponding pockets (48).
Further, each of the pockets (48) may be positioned longitudinally along the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing (22) and circumferentially about the apparatus housing (22) at any position or location compatible with performing the function of the rotation restraining device (24). Preferably, the pockets (48) are spaced circumferentially about the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22). In the preferred embodiment, the pockets (48) are spaced substantially evenly about the circumference of the apparatus housing (22). Accordingly, in the preferred embodiment, the three pockets (50) and corresponding three rotation restraining assemblies (50), or a centerline thereof, are spaced about 120 degrees apart about the circumference of the apparatus housing (20). This spacing may enhance or facilitate the effective functioning of the rotation restraining device (24). Further, this spacing may assist in centralizing the drilling apparatus (20) within the borehole. However, the pockets (48) need not be spaced substantially evenly depending upon the particular drilling operation and the desired functioning of the drilling apparatus (20).
Further, each pocket (48) may be positioned longitudinally along the apparatus housing (22) at any location between its first and second ends (28, 30). In the preferred embodiment, each pocket (48) is positioned longitudinally or axially along the apparatus housing (22) at substantially the same location. In other words, the pockets (48) and thus the corresponding rotation restraining assemblies (50) are positioned axially or longitudinally at about the same location between, and distances from, the first and second ends (28, 30) of the apparatus housing (22). However, alternatively, the pockets (48) may be spaced axially or longitudinally along the apparatus housing (22) such that the location or position of two or more pockets (48) may differ axially or longitudinally. In other words, the location between, and distances from, the first and second ends (28, 30) of the apparatus housing (22) differs between at least two of the pockets (48). The combination of circumferentially and longitudinally spacing at least two of the pockets (48) results in a longitudinally or axially staggered configuration of the pockets (48) and corresponding rotation restraining assemblies (50). This staggered configuration may assist or facilitate the effective functioning of the rotation restraining device (24).
In addition, each pocket (48) may have any shape adapted for accepting or receiving the rotation restraining assembly (50) or a portion thereof. In the preferred embodiment, referring particularly to
The depth of the pocket (48) within the apparatus housing (22) is defined by the distance between the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48) and the flat portion (59) of the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) adjacent the pocket (48). The depth of the pocket (48) will be dependent upon the diameter of the apparatus housing (22) or housing size and the required diameter of the bore (32) extending therethrough. Further, the depth will also be selected to correspond or be compatible with the depth or dimensions of the part or portion of the rotation restraining assembly (50) to be received therein. The shape and dimensions of each pocket (48) comprising the device mount (26) are preferably identical or substantially similar such that any of the plurality of rotation restraining assemblies (50) of any of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24) may be mounted by the universal device mount (26).
Referring to
Although any of the components of the rotation restraining assembly (62) may be adapted to be accepted by, or received within, the pocket (48), preferably at least a part or portion of the assembly housing (60) is adapted or configured for receipt in the pocket (48). Referring particularly to
In the preferred embodiment, the projection (74) is preferably elongated and has a rectangular shape such that the projection (74) has opposed first and second ends (76, 78), opposed side surfaces (80) and a bottom surface (82) which comprises a portion of the bottom surface (72) of the assembly housing (60). Accordingly, in this case, the projection (74) extends continuously or as a unit between the first and second ends (76, 78) to provide a continuous bottom surface (82) as shown in
Preferably, the projection (74) has a size or dimension such that it is closely received within the pocket (48), although some amount of longitudinal movement of the projection (74) within the pocket (48) is permissible to facilitate the mounting and removal of the assembly housing (52). Thus, when received within the pocket (48), the first and second (76, 78) of the projection (74) are adjacent or proximate to the first and second ends (52, 54) of the pocket (48) and the side surfaces (80) of the projection (74) are adjacent or proximate to the side surfaces (56) of the pocket (48). Finally, the bottom surface (82) of the projection (74) is preferably adjacent or proximate to the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48), however, these bottom surfaces (82, 58) may alternatively be a spaced distance apart.
In addition, the side surfaces (68) of the assembly housing (60) extending outwardly from the projection (74) preferably provide or define a lip portion (84) compatible for engagement or contact with the flat portion (59) of the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) adjacent the pocket (48). Thus, when the projection (74) is received in the pocket (48), the lip portion (84) of the assembly housing (60) rests upon and engages the flat portion (59) of the apparatus housing (22). The engagement of the lip portion (84) and the flat portion (59) may be utilized to assist with or facilitate the mounting of the rotation restraining assembly (50) as discussed below.
Further, in the preferred embodiment, the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) extend longitudinally or axially from the first and second ends (76, 78) of the projection (74) respectively such that they extend towards the first and second ends (28, 30) of the apparatus housing (22) when the projection (74) is received in the pocket (48). In this case, each of the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) preferably abut with or engage the adjacent exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22). However, alternately, the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) may terminate at or in proximity to the first and second ends (76, 78) of the projection (74) respectively such that the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) do not extend beyond the first and second ends(52, 54) of the pocket (48).
The assembly housing (60) has an assembly housing size and the assembly housing size preferably defines the device size. In other words, the assembly housing size of each of the rotation restraining assemblies (50) is preferably variable such that the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24) may be provided with differing device sizes. In the preferred embodiment, each of the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24) is comprised of a plurality of rotation restraining assemblies (50). The assembly housing size of each of the rotation restraining assemblies (50) in a single rotation restraining device (24) is preferably the same. Thus, each of the similar assembly housing sizes of each of the rotation restraining assemblies (50) contribute to or provide the device size for that particular rotation restraining device (24). However, where desired or required for a particular application or use of the drilling apparatus (20) downhole, the assembly housing sizes may differ between each of the rotation restraining assemblies (50) in a single rotation restraining device (24). In this instance, the differing assembly housing sizes would contribute to or provide the device size for that particular rotation restraining device (24). Accordingly, various combinations of assembly housing sizes may be used in a rotation restraining device (24) to achieve a desired device size.
Referring particularly to
In the preferred embodiment, the size or dimensions of the pockets (48) comprising the device mount (26) are substantially identical and capable of receiving any of the plurality of rotation restraining assemblies (50). In order to ensure that any of the plurality of rotation restraining assemblies (50) is receivable in each pocket (48), in the preferred embodiment, the size or dimensions of the projection (74) of the assembly housing (60) of each of the plurality of rotation restraining assemblies (50) for each of the plurality of rotation restraining devices (24) are also preferably identical. As a result, the second component of the assembly housing size provided by the depth of the projection (74) does not vary or change, but rather is constant or the same between the rotation restraining assemblies (50). Instead, the first component provided by the depth of the lip portion (84) is varied in order to vary the assembly housing size to provide the different device sizes.
For instance, each of the assembly housings (60) shown in
Each rotation restraining assembly (50) may be secured within its respective pocket (48) in any manner and by any mechanism, structure or fastener capable of maintaining the rotation restraining assembly (50) in the pocket (48) during use of the drilling apparatus (20) while still permitting the release or removal of the rotation restraining assembly (50) therefrom as desired or required to interchange the rotation restraining device (24) to vary the drilling apparatus size. However, the drilling apparatus (20) is preferably further comprised of a securing mechanism (92), or a combination of a plurality of securing mechanisms, for securing each rotation restraining assembly (50) in its pocket (48). In the preferred embodiment, a similar securing mechanism (92) or combination of securing mechanisms (92) is used for each rotation restraining assembly (50). Alternately, different securing mechanisms (92) or combinations thereof may be used for each of the rotation restraining assemblies (50).
For instance, the securing mechanism (92) may be comprised of a fastener (94), and preferably a plurality of fasteners (94), such as a screw, bolt, pin or dowel extending between the rotation restraining assembly (50) and the apparatus housing (22). Any number of fasteners (94) may be used as required to perform the securing function either alone or in combination with one or more further securing mechanisms (92). Where one or more fasteners (94) are used, each fastener (94) preferably extends or passes between the assembly housing (60) and the apparatus housing (22). Each fastener (94) may extend between any two opposed surfaces of the assembly housing (60) and the apparatus housing (22).
Referring to
Thus, the fastener (94) extends through the aperture (96) in the assembly housing (60) for receipt in the aperture (98) of the apparatus housing (22). Where the assembly housing size differs between rotation restraining assemblies (50), the length of the fastener (94) required to extend between the assembly housing (60) and the apparatus housing (22) will vary. Thus, as shown in
In the preferred embodiment, each fastener (94) is comprised of a screw having an upper screw head (100) and a lower threaded end (102). The aperture (98) defined by the apparatus housing (22) has a threaded portion corresponding to the threaded end (102) of the screw such that the screw may threadably engage the aperture (98) when the lower threaded end (102) is received therein. Further, the aperture (96) defined by the assembly housing (60) preferably provides a shoulder (104) therein for engaging or contacting the screw head (100). Specifically, as the threaded end (102) of the screw is threaded within the aperture (98) in the apparatus housing (22), the screw head (100) abuts against the shoulder (104) and thereby secures the assembly housing (60) with the apparatus housing (22). If desired or required to enhance the function of-the fastener (94), one or more washers (106) may be positioned between the screw head (100) and the shoulder (104). As well, a retaining ring (108) may be located adjacent the upper end or outermost surface of the screw head (100) to further retain the fastener (94) in position. Finally, a rubber stopper (110) or other sealing device or assembly may be provided in the aperture (96) of the assembly housing (60). Specifically, the rubber stopper (110) may be positioned between the retaining ring (108) and the screw head (100).
It has been found that the use of certain configurations of fasteners (94) alone, such as the screws described above, as the securing mechanism (92) may not be sufficient to retain the rotation restraining assembly (50) in position in the pocket (48) under some downhole conditions which may be encountered by the drilling apparatus (20) during the drilling operation. Therefore, as an alternative or in addition to the use of fasteners, a further securing mechanism (92) may be used.
Even where a further or alternative securing mechanism (92) is used, the fasteners (94) or screws described above are still used in the preferred embodiment to assist with or facilitate the assembly of the drilling apparatus (20). Specifically, the apparatus housing (22) is positioned horizontally and rotated so that a desired pocket (48) is facing upwardly for ease of access to position a rotation restraining assembly (50) therein. An I-bolt (not shown) or other lifting apparatus or device may be inserted and secured in the aperture (96) in the assembly housing (60) for lifting the rotation restraining assembly (50) such that it may be moved into position within the desired pocket (48). Once the rotation restraining assembly (50) is lowered into the pocket (48), the I-bolt is removed and a fastener (94) inserted therein to fasten the rotation restraining assembly (50) to the apparatus housing (22). Once the fasteners (94) are secured in position, the apparatus housing (22) may be further rotated so that a second desired pocket (48) is facing upwardly, while maintaining the rotation restraining assembly (50) in the desired position in the previous pocket (48).
As stated, in the preferred embodiment, a further securing mechanism (92) is provided which is comprised of at least one underlying surface (112) on the rotation restraining assembly (50) and at least one complementary overlying surface (114) on the device mount (26). Preferably, the securing mechanism (92) is comprised of a plurality of underlying surfaces (112) on the rotation restraining assembly (50) and a plurality of complementary overlying surfaces (114) on the mount (26). In the preferred embodiment, as described in detail below, an underlying surface (112) and a complementary overlying surface (114) are provided at or adjacent each of the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60).
More particularly, one of the plurality of underlying surfaces (112) on the rotation restraining assembly (50) is comprised of an overcut angular surface (116) on the assembly housing (60), particularly on the projection (74), and the complementary overlying surface (114) is comprised of a complementary undercut angular surface (118) on the apparatus housing (22), particularly within the pocket (48). The overcut angular surface (116) and the complementary undercut angular surface (118) may be provided by any of the adjacent ends or surfaces of the projection (74) and pocket (48) respectively. Preferably, the overcut angular surface (116) and the complementary undercut angular surface (118) are provided by one or both of the adjacent first ends (76, 52) of the projection (74) and pocket (48) respectively and the adjacent second ends (78, 54) of the projection (74) and pocket (48) respectively.
Referring to
In addition, referring to
The axially movable member (122) is preferably comprised of at least one ring which surrounds the apparatus housing (60). In the preferred embodiment, the axially movable member (122) is comprised of an abutment ring (124) which surrounds the apparatus housing (22) and a locking ring (126) which surrounds the apparatus housing (22). The abutment ring (124) may also be referred to as a flow diverter ring. For reasons discussed below, the abutment ring (124) is axially positioned between the locking ring (126) and the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60).
The abutment ring (124), which is shown in isolation in
More particularly, in the preferred embodiment, three arms (130) are spaced circumferentially about the ring portion (128). The arms (130) are positioned about the ring portion (128) such that a single arm (130) extends longitudinally between two adjacent rotation restraining assemblies (50). Further, each arm (130) is preferably sized or configured to be closely received between the two adjacent rotation restraining assemblies (50) such that the opposed side surfaces (132) of each arm (130) is adjacent or in proximity to the adjacent side surface (68) of the assembly housing (60) of the rotation restraining assembly (50). Finally, each arm (130) is preferably tapered or sloped from the ring portion (128) outwardly. In other words, the thickness of each arm (130), as shown by reference number (133) in
Further, the ring portion (128) of the abutment ring (124) defines an abutment ring shoulder (134) for abutting or engaging the rotation restraining assembly (50) when the abutment ring (124) is moved to the securing position. More particularly, the spaces or portions of the ring portion (128) between the arms (130) comprise the abutment ring shoulder (134). Thus, in the securing position, the abutment ring shoulder (134) engages the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60). In the preferred embodiment, the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60) defines an assembly housing shoulder (136) which corresponds with the abutment ring shoulder (134) such that the shoulders (134, 136) abut against each other as the axially movable member (122) including the abutment ring (124) is moved in the securing direction. Accordingly, in the securing position, the abutment ring (124) provides an overlying surface (114) overlying the underlying surface (112) of the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60) and the abutment ring shoulder (136) engages the assembly housing shoulder (136).
The locking ring (126), which is shown in isolation in
More particularly, referring to
When moved towards the securing position, the first end (140) of the locking ring (126) abuts against or engages the adjacent abutment ring (124) to slidably move the abutment ring (124) towards the securing position and to subsequently retain the abutment ring (124) in the securing position. Further, in the preferred embodiment, the non-threaded portion (146) of the locking ring (126) provides a further overlying surface (114) for overlying the underlying surface (112) of the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60) in the securing position. Thus, in the preferred embodiment, the securing mechanism (92) is comprised of the underlying surface (122) of the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60) and the complementary overlying surfaces (114) of the abutment ring (124) and the locking ring (126).
As discussed previously, an urging mechanism (120) is provided for urging the overcut angular surface (116) of the first end (76) of the projection (74) of the assembly housing (60) into engagement with the undercut angular surface (118) of the first end (52) of the pocket (48). Preferably, the urging mechanism (120) is comprised of the axially movable member (122) such that the overcut angular surface (116) and the undercut angular surface (118) are urged into engagement by axial movement of the axially movable member (122) in the securing direction. Further, the axially movable member (122) is comprised of an urging shoulder (150) for engaging the rotation restraining assembly (50) and the urging mechanism (120) is comprised of the urging shoulder (150).
More particularly, in the preferred embodiment, the urging mechanism (120) is comprised of the combination of the locking ring (126) and the abutment ring (124). Axial movement of the locking ring (126) in the securing direction causes a corresponding axial movement of the abutment ring (124) such that the abutment ring (124) contacts the assembly housing (60) to move the assembly housing (60) axially to urge the first end (76) of the projection (74) of the assembly housing (60) into engagement with the first end (52) of the pocket (48) Further, in the preferred embodiment, the urging shoulder (150) of the axially movable member (122) is comprised of the abutment ring shoulder (134) of the abutment ring (124) which engages the assembly housing shoulder (136) of the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60). Thus, the urging mechanism (120) is comprised of the abutment ring shoulder (134).
Thus, the abutment ring (124) preferably performs several functions. First, the abutment ring (124) acts as a securing mechanism (92) which secures the rotation restraining assembly (50) to the apparatus housing (22)by providing an overlying surface (114). Second, the arms (130) of the abutment ring (124) assist in preventing any relative rotation between the abutment ring (124) and the rotation restraining assemblies (50) during assembly or use of the drilling apparatus (20) and may assist in stabilizing the rotation restraining assembly (50) during use of the drilling apparatus (20). Third, the abutment ring (124), and in particular the arms (130) thereof, provides a smooth transition between the relative diameters of the rotation restraining assemblies (50) and the apparatus housing (22).
Finally, the abutment ring (124) is preferably relatively more deformable than both the rotation restraining assembly (50), and in particular the assembly housing (60), and the locking ring (126). Thus, the abutment ring (124) comprises or provides a yieldable member or yieldable surface between the assembly housing (60) and the locking ring (126) which facilitates the assembly of the drilling apparatus (20) and which enhances or facilitates the locking action of the locking ring (126) when the locking ring (126) is in the securing position.
Similarly, the locking ring (126) preferably performs various functions. First, the locking ring (126) also acts as a securing mechanism (92) which secures the rotation restraining assembly (50) to the apparatus housing (22) by providing an overlying surface (114). Second, the locking ring (126) facilitates or assists the action of the abutment ring (124) by maintaining the abutment ring (124) in the desired secured position during use of the drilling apparatus (20). Third, the locking ring (126) facilitates or assists the engagement of the undercut and overcut angular surfaces (118, 116) by urging the adjacent ends (76, 52) of the assembly housing (60) and the pocket (48) together in the secured position during use of the drilling apparatus (20). In other words, the locking ring (126) holds or maintains each assembly housing (60) in its respective pocket (48) by sandwiching the assembly housing (60) between the first end (52) of the pocket (48) and the abutment ring (124).
As stated, each of the plurality of rotation restraining assemblies (50) is comprised of the assembly housing (60) and a rotation restraining member (62) connected with the assembly housing (60). The rotation restraining member (62) may be connected with the assembly housing (60) either permanently or removably. Preferably, the rotation restraining member (62) is detachably or removably connected with the assembly housing (60) such that it may be readily removed for repairs, maintenance or replacement.
Preferably, the assembly housing (60) defines a compartment (152), space or enclosure therein, accessible from at least the top surface (70) of the assembly housing (60), for receipt of the rotation restraining member (62). The compartment (152) may also be accessible from the bottom surface (72) of the assembly housing (60) where a continuous or unitary projection (74) is not provided along the bottom surface (72). Thus, the compartment (152) defined by the assembly housing (60) may have any shape adapted for accepting, receiving or containing the rotation restraining member (62) or a portion thereof.
In the preferred embodiment, referring to FIGS. 1, 3-7 and 9-11, the compartment (152) is comprised of an elongate indentation or cavity within the top surface (70) of the assembly housing (60) which is preferably oriented longitudinally or axially aligned such that a longitudinal axis of the compartment (152) is substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing (22) when the assembly housing (60) is mounted with the apparatus housing (22). Further, the compartment (152) is aligned in the assembly housing (60) such that the compartment (152) is particularly defined by or within the projection (74) of the assembly housing (60).
Thus, in the preferred embodiment, the compartment (152) is preferably rectangular in shape having opposed first and second ends (154, 156) extending towards the first and second ends (76, 78) respectively of the projection (74) of the assembly housing (60), opposed side surfaces (158) adjacent the side surfaces (80) of the projection (74) and a bottom surface (160) adjacent the bottom surface (82) of the projection. Accordingly, the particular dimensions of the compartment (152) will be dependent upon the dimensions of the projection (74) and the amount of space required to affix or fasten the rotation restraining member (62) therein.
Referring to
Each of the rotation restraining members (62), comprised of the carriage assembly (162) and the plurality of rollers (168), is connected or mounted within the compartment (152) of the assembly housing (60). Preferably, the rotation restraining member (62) is mounted in the compartment (152) in a manner such that the rotation restraining member (62) is capable of movement between a retracted position and an extended position. Further, the rotation restraining assembly (62) is preferably comprised of at least one biasing device (170) for biasing the rotation restraining member (62) toward the extended position as shown in each of
The carriage assembly (162) is comprised of an elongate member (172) having opposed first and second ends (174, 176) and sized to fit within the compartment (152) proximate to the first and second ends (154, 156) of the compartment (152) respectively. Each of the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) defines an outwardly facing engagement shoulder (178). The elongate member (172) is retained within the compartment (152) by the carriage retainer (166). The carriage retainer (166) may be integrally formed with the assembly housing (60) or may be comprised of one or more separate or distinct elements or members.
In the preferred embodiment, the carriage retainer (166) is comprised of two retainer members (180). Each retainer member (180) is sized and configured to be insertable between one of the first and second ends (154, 156) of the compartment (152) and the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) respectively. Further, each retainer member (180) defines a groove or slot (182) therein for receipt of the respective end (174, 176) of the elongate member (172). Each slot (182) further defines an inwardly facing engagement shoulder (184) compatible for engagement with the outwardly facing engagement shoulder (178) on the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172).
Thus, each of the first and seconds (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) is received with the slot (182) of one of the retainer members (180). The retainer members (180) are then inserted in position within the compartment (152) and removably or detachably mounted within the compartment (152). Although each retainer member (180) may be held in the compartment (152) by any retaining mechanism, in the preferred embodiment, one or more spring tensions pins (186) is extended or passed through the assembly housing (60) between the side surfaces (68) at a location such that the pins (186) also extend through the retainer member (180) in the compartment (152) defined by the assembly housing (60). Corresponding pin holes (188) are provided in each of the assembly housing (60) and retainer members (180) to permit the passage of the tension pin (186) therethrough.
Once mounted within the compartment (152), the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) are movable within the slots (182) of the retainer members (180). The elongate member (172) is movable radially outwardly to the extended position of the carriage assembly (162), which defines the extended position of the rotation restraining member (62). In the extended position, the outwardly facing engagement shoulders (178) of the elongate member (172) engage the inwardly facing engagement shoulders (184) of the retainer members (180). Conversely, the elongate member (172) is movable radially inwardly to the retracted position of the carriage assembly (162), which defines the retracted position of the rotation restraining member (62). Any movement inwardly away from the extended position as defined above is considered to be a retracted position. However, the rotation restraining member (62) is in a fully retracted position when further inward radial movement of the elongate member (172) is prevented. For instance, the elongate member (172) may abut against or engage the bottom surface (160) of the compartment (152). However, in the preferred embodiment, the biasing device (170) is positioned between the elongate member (172) and the bottom surface (160), as discussed further below, which prevents the abutment of the elongate member (172) with the bottom surface (160).
The biasing device (170) is provided to bias the rotation restraining assembly (62), and particularly the carriage assembly (162) to the extended position. Any biasing device or urging mechanism may be used, however, in the preferred embodiment, the biasing device (170) is comprised of at least one spring (190). In the preferred embodiment, four springs (190) are positioned between the elongate member (172) and the bottom surface (160) of the compartment (152) such that the springs (190) are compressed as the carriage assembly (162) moves inwardly away from the extended position. Further, in the preferred embodiment, the carriage assembly is comprised of at least one spring mount (192), and preferably four, permanently or detachably mounted with the elongate member (172) for receiving an end of the spring (190) therein. Further, the bottom surface (160) of the compartment (152) preferably defines at least one corresponding spring indentation (194), and preferably four, for receiving the other end of the spring (190) therein. Thus, each of the springs (190) is held in position between the spring mount (192) and the corresponding spring indentation (194). The outwardly biasing force or spring force may be selected according to the expected drilling conditions.
The carriage assembly (162) is provided for carrying the plurality of rollers (168). In use, at least one of the rollers (168) of one of the rotation restraining assemblies (50) engages the borehole wall at all times to slow or inhibit the rotation of the apparatus housing (22) within the borehole. Each of the rollers (168) is preferably mounted with or carried by the carriage assembly (162), and particularly the elongate member (172), such that each roller (168) has an axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing (22) and is oriented such that the roller (168) is capable of rolling about its axis of rotation in response to a force exerted on the roller (168) substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing (22). For instance, as a longitudinal force is exerted through the drilling string from the surface, the roller (168) rolls about its axis to permit the drilling apparatus (20) to move through the borehole in either an uphole or downhole direction as required.
Further, the plurality of rollers (168) within each rotation restraining member (62) are preferably mounted in one or more sets (196) of rollers (168) such that each set (196) of rollers (168) has a substantially common axis of rotation. In the preferred embodiment, each rotation restraining member (62) is comprised of two sets (196) of rollers (168) and wherein each set (196) is comprised of four rollers (168) rotatably mounted on a single roller shaft (198). Each roller shaft (198) extends through the elongate member (172), wherein two rollers (168) are mounted on each of the opposed sides of the elongate member (172).
Each roller (168) may have any shape or configuration permitting it to roll or move longitudinally through the borehole, while also restraining the rotation of the apparatus housing (22). Preferably each roller (168) is comprised of a peripheral surface (200) about a circumference of the roller (168) permitting it to roll or move longitudinally within the borehole. In addition, the peripheral surface (200) is preferably comprised of an engagement surface (202) for engaging the borehole wall to restrain rotation of the apparatus housing (22). The engagement surface (202) may have any shape or configuration capable of contacting and engaging the borehole wall. Preferably, the engagement surface (202) is comprised of the peripheral surface of the roller (168) being tapered.
As stated above, the present invention is further comprised of a method for assembling a variable gauge drilling apparatus (20) for insertion in the subject borehole (21) as discussed above. The preferred embodiment of the method may be used with any suitable variable gauge drilling apparatus but is particularly suited for use with the drilling apparatus (20) as described herein. Further, the method is preferably performed utilizing the preferred embodiment of the drilling apparatus (20) described herein but may also be performed with each of the alternate embodiments described below. Finally, the method is applicable for use with a drilling apparatus (20) comprised of a plurality of any interchangeable borehole engaging devices (24) such as stabilizing devices or underreaming devices but is particularly described herein for use with a plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices.
Preferably, the method comprises selecting the apparatus housing (22). As described above, the apparatus housing (22) has a housing size (27) which is suitable for insertion in the subject borehole (21). The housing size is selected to be smaller than the subject borehole size (23) such that the apparatus housing (22) is insertable therein. In addition, the apparatus housing (22) is selected so that the housing size is smaller than the subject borehole size (23) to an extent sufficient to prevent blockage of the annulus or clearance space (25) between the apparatus housing (22) and the wall of the subject borehole (21) during use of the drilling apparatus (20) to permit the passage of fluids therethrough.
A rotation restraining device (24) is then selected from the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24), which is referred to herein as the selected rotation restraining device (24). The selected rotation restraining device (24) is chosen or selected so that the selected rotation restraining device (24) has a device size which will provide the drilling apparatus (20) with a selected drilling apparatus size. In the preferred embodiment, selecting the rotation restraining device (24) is comprised of selecting a selected assembly housing size for the assembly housing (60) of each of the rotation restraining assemblies (50) comprising the rotation restraining device (24).
The selected drilling apparatus size is chosen to be compatible for use of the drilling apparatus (20) within the subject borehole (21). More particularly, the selected rotation restraining device (24) is preferably selected to provide a selected drilling apparatus size such that the rotation restraining device (24) will engage the borehole during use of the drilling apparatus (20) to inhibit rotation of the apparatus housing (22) relative to the borehole. In the preferred embodiment, the selected rotation restraining device (24) is selected so that the selected drilling apparatus size is approximately equal to the borehole size.
Once each of the apparatus housing (22) and the selected rotation restraining device (24) are selected to achieve the selected drilling apparatus size, the selected rotation restraining device (24) is mounted on the apparatus housing (22) using the universal rotation restraining device mount (24) located on the apparatus housing (22). More particularly, as described previously, the assembly housing (60) of each rotation restraining assembly (50) is mounted within its respective pocket (48). The securing mechanisms (92) are utilized to secure the assembly housing (60) to the apparatus housing (22).
More particularly, in greater detail with respect to the preferred embodiment, the abutment ring (124) is first passed over the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) from the first end (28) of the apparatus housing (22), being the downhole end, towards the second end (30), being the uphole end, until the abutment ring (124) abuts the threaded portion (148) of the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22). The locking ring (126) is then passed over the second end (30) of the apparatus housing (22) and the threaded portion (144) of the inner surface (138) of the locking ring (126) is partially threaded onto the threaded portion (148) of the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22).
The projection (74) of the assembly housing (60) of each of the three rotation restraining assemblies (50) are subsequently sequentially inserted into the three pockets (48) of the device mount (26). As discussed previously, the fasteners (94) are preferably utilized to hold each assembly housing (60) in place such that the assembly housing (60) does not drop out of its respective pocket (48) during rotation of the apparatus housing (22) during assembly. In this case, the fasteners (94) are not fully tightened in order to allow for shifting or some movement of the assembly housing (60) within the pocket (48) during the subsequent torquing of the locking ring (126) as discussed below.
The drilling apparatus (20) is then connected with the remaining pieces or components of the drilling string so that the drilling string can provide a reaction force to offset the force required to torque the locking ring (126). The locking ring (126) is subsequently fully threaded onto the threaded portion (148) of the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) so that each of the rotation restraining assemblies (50), and in particular each of the assembly housings (60), is sandwiched between the first end (52) of the pocket (48) and the abutment ring (124) and is tightened to a desired torque level. The fasteners (94) may now be fully tightened to provide a secondary securing mechanism (92).
When the drilling apparatus (20) is subsequently desired to be used in a second subject borehole (21) having a subject borehole size (23) different from that of the first subject borehole (21), the first selected rotation restraining device (24) may be removed by reversing the above steps. A second rotation restraining device (24) may then be selected and the process repeated for mounting the second selected rotation restraining device (24) with the device mount (26).
In particular, a second selected rotation restraining device (24) is selected from the plurality of interchangeable rotation restraining devices (24). The second selected rotation restraining device (24) is chosen or selected so that the second selected rotation restraining device (24) has a different device size which will provide the drilling apparatus (20) with a second selected drilling apparatus size. In the preferred embodiment, selecting the second rotation restraining device (24) is comprised of selecting a second selected assembly housing size for the assembly housing (60) of each of the rotation restraining assemblies (50) comprising the rotation restraining device (24). The second selected drilling apparatus size is chosen to be compatible for use of the drilling apparatus (20) within the second subject borehole (21).
The second selected rotation restraining device (24) is also mounted on the apparatus housing (22) using the universal rotation restraining device mount (24). More particularly, the assembly housing (60) of each rotation restraining assembly (50) is mounted within its respective pocket (48) and the securing mechanisms (92) are utilized to secure the assembly housing (60) to the apparatus housing (22).
Referring to
Thus, the configuration of the assembly housing (60) also differs in this alternate embodiment from the preferred embodiment so that the assembly housing (60) is compatible with the differing configuration of the pocket (48). Specifically, the assembly housing (60) has first and second ends (64, 66) and opposed side surfaces (68) sloping outwardly from the top surface (70) to the bottom surface (72). However, the assembly housing (60) does not include a projection (74) for receipt in the pocket (48) and further does not include a lip portion (84). Rather, substantially the complete or entire bottom surface (72) of the assembly housing (60) is receivable within the pocket (48) such that the bottom surface (72) of the assembly housing (60) engages the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48). Further, the Figures show a single assembly housing size. Referring particularly to
In addition, as in the preferred embodiment, greater than one securing mechanism (92) is provided in this first alternate embodiment. A first securing mechanism (92) is comprised of a plurality of fasteners (94) as shown in
A second securing mechanism (92) is comprised of an underlying surface (112) defined by the assembly housing (60) and a complementary overlying surface (114) defined by the apparatus housing (22) at each of the ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60). Specifically, the first end (64) and the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60) each comprise an underlying surface (112), while the first end (52) and the second end (54) of the pocket (48) each comprise a complementary overlying surface (114). More particularly, each of the underlying surfaces (112) of the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) is comprised of an overcut angular surface (116), while each of the first and second ends (52, 54) of the pocket (48) is comprised of an undercut angular surface (118). An urging mechanism (120) as described in the preferred embodiment is not required. Rather, the assembly housing (60) is mounted in the pocket (48) and the complementary surfaces (116, 188) are engaged by sliding the assembly housing (60) into the pocket (48) from a side of the pocket (48). Accordingly, this alternate embodiment does not include an axially movable member (122).
As well, the assembly housing (60) defines the compartment (152) therein for receipt of the carriage assembly (162). The compartment (152) has first and second ends (154, 156) and side surfaces (158) but no bottom surface (160). Rather, the carriage assembly (162) acts directly against the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48). In addition, the rotation restraining member (62) is comprised of the carriage assembly (162) and the borehole engaging element or member (164), however, the borehole engaging element or member (164) is integrally formed with the carriage assembly (162). Specifically, the carriage assembly (162) is comprised of the elongate member (172) having first and second ends (174, 176). The borehole engaging element or member (164), comprised of a blade (208) in this embodiment, is integrally formed with the upper or outer surface of the elongate member (172).
As well, this embodiment does not require the use of a separate or distinct carriage retainer (166). Either, a carriage retainer (166) is not used or it is integrally formed with the assembly housing (60) defining the compartment (152). In either event, the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) directly engage the first and second ends (154, 156) of the compartment (152). Specifically, the outwardly facing engagement shoulder (178) defined by the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) engage against a complementary inwardly facing engagement shoulder (210) defined by each of the first and second ends (154, 156) of the compartment (152). The biasing device (170), comprised of a plurality of springs (190), acts between the elongate member (172) and the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48) to move the carriage assembly (162) to the extended position. Where the device size varies, by varying the assembly housing size, the size of the springs (190) may be varied, an additional member may be placed between the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48) and the springs (190) or a bottom surface may be added to the assembly housing (60) so that the springs (190) may act between the elongate member (172) and a bottom surface of the assembly housing (60) as in the preferred embodiment.
Finally, the peripheral surface (200) of the blade (208) is comprised of the engagement surface (202) for engaging the borehole wall. In the preferred embodiment, one or more portions or areas of the blade (208) adjacent the outermost peripheral surface (200) of the blade (208) may be sloped or angled downwardly from the peripheral surface (200) to comprise one or more fluid contact surfaces (212). In addition, the longitudinal orientation of the carriage assembly (162) and integral blade (208) is preferably variable within the compartment (152) of the assembly housing (60). In other words, the blade (208) may be oriented within the compartment (152) to form an angle with the longitudinal axis of the apparatus housing (22). Any mechanism, structure or device may be provided for rotating the blade (208) within the compartment (152) to vary its angle.
Thus, when the blade (208) is angled within the compartment (152), any fluids passing through the borehole may contact the fluid contact surfaces (212). During use of the drilling apparatus (20), there will be a natural tendency for the apparatus housing (22) to rotate in a first direction, typically clockwise. The configuration of the fluid contact surfaces (212) and the angle of the blade (208) may counter or offset this natural tendency by encouraging the apparatus housing (22) to rotate in a second opposite direction, typically counter-clockwise.
Referring to
The primary difference as compared to the preferred embodiment relates to the securing mechanism (92). Specifically, each of the securing mechanisms (92) provided is comprised of at least one fastener (94). This alternate embodiment does not include the underlying surface (112) and the complementary overlying surface (114). Thus, this alternate embodiment does not include the axially movable member (122) and does not include the overcut and undercut angular surfaces (116, 118).
The securing mechanism (92) is comprised of a plurality of fasteners (94) as shown in
Referring to
Thus, the configuration of the assembly housing (60) also differs in this alternate embodiment from the preferred embodiment so that the assembly housing (60) is compatible with the differing configuration of the pocket (48). Specifically, the assembly housing (60) has first and second ends (64, 66) and opposed side surfaces (68) extending between the top surface (70) to the bottom surface (72). However, the assembly housing (60) does not include a projection (74) for receipt in the pocket (48) and further does not include a lip portion (84). Rather, substantially the complete or entire bottom surface (72) of the assembly housing (60) is receivable within the pocket (48) such that the bottom surface (72) of the assembly housing (60) engages the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48). Further, the Figures show a single assembly housing size. Referring particularly to
In addition, as in the second alternate embodiment, greater than one securing mechanism (92) is provided in this third alternate embodiment. A first securing mechanism (92) is comprised of a plurality of fasteners (94) as shown in
A second securing mechanism (92) is comprised of an underlying surface (112) defined by the assembly housing (60) and a complementary overlying surface (114) defined by the apparatus housing (22) at each of the ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60). Specifically, the first end (64) and the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60) each comprise an underlying surface (112), while the first end (52) and the second end (54) of the pocket (48) each comprise a complementary overlying surface (114). More particularly, each of the underlying surfaces (112) of the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) is comprised of an overcut angular surface (116), while each of the first and second ends (52, 54) of the pocket (48) is comprised of an undercut angular surface (118). An urging mechanism (120) as described in the preferred embodiment is not required. Rather, the assembly housing (60) is mounted in the pocket (48) and the complementary surfaces (116, 188) are engaged by sliding the assembly housing (60) into the pocket (48) from a side of the pocket (48). Accordingly, this alternate embodiment does not include an axially movable member (122).
As in the second alternate embodiment, the assembly housing (60) defines the compartment (152) therein for receipt of the carriage assembly (162). The compartment (152) has first and second ends (154, 156) and side surfaces (158) but no bottom surface (160). Rather, the carriage assembly (162) acts directly against the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48). In addition, the rotation restraining member (62) is comprised of the carriage assembly (162) and the borehole engaging element or member (164). The borehole engaging elements or members (164), comprised of rollers (168), are mounted with or carried by the carriage assembly (162) in a similar manner as in the preferred embodiment. The carriage assembly (162) is comprised of the elongate member (172) having first and second ends (174, 176).
As well, this second embodiment also does not require the use of a separate or distinct carriage retainer (166). Either, a carriage retainer (166) is not used or it is integrally formed with the assembly housing (60) defining the compartment (152). In any event, the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) directly engage the apparatus housing (22) adjacent the first and second ends (154, 156) of the compartment (152). Specifically, the outwardly facing engagement shoulder (178) defined by the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) engage against a complementary inwardly facing engagement shoulder or lip (210) defined by each of the first and second ends (154, 156) of the compartment (152). The biasing device (170), comprised of a plurality of springs (190), acts between the elongate member (172) and the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48) to move the carriage assembly (162) to the extended position. Where the device size varies, by varying the assembly housing size, the size of the springs (190) may be varied, an additional member may be placed between the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48) and the springs (190) or a bottom surface may be added to the assembly housing (60) so that the springs (190) may act between the elongate member (172) and a bottom surface of the assembly housing (60) as in the preferred embodiment.
Referring to
The primary difference between the fourth alternate embodiment and the preferred embodiment relates to the securing mechanism (92). Specifically, the securing mechanism (92) is comprised of at least one fastener (94) and preferably a plurality of fasteners (94). More particularly, each fastener (94) is comprised of a dowel (222) or pin extending between opposed or adjacent surfaces of the assembly housing (60) and the apparatus housing (22), particularly the pocket (48) defined thereby, as described further below. This fourth alternate embodiment does not include the underlying surface (112) and the complementary overlying surface (114). Thus, this alternate embodiment does not include the axially movable member (122) and does not include the overcut and undercut angular surfaces (116, 118).
As indicated, the securing mechanism (92) is comprised of a plurality of dowels (222), and preferably two dowels (222), as shown in
In this alternate embodiment, the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) terminate at or in proximity to the first and second ends (76, 78) of the projection (74) respectively such that the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) do not extend beyond the first and second ends (52, 54) of the pocket (48). One dowel (222) is located or positioned to extend between the first end (64) of the assembly housing (60), also being the first end (76) of the projection (74), and the adjacent first end (52) of the pocket (48). The other dowel (222) is located or positioned to extend between the second end (66) of the assembly housing (60), also being the second end (78) of the projection (74), and the adjacent second end (54) of the pocket (48).
More particularly, each dowel (222), which may also be referred to as an expansion piston, may be comprised of any reciprocally movable dowel or pin such that the dowel (222) may be moved between an extended position, in which the rotation restraining assembly (50) is secured within the pocket (48) by the dowel (222), and a retracted position, in which the rotation restraining assembly (50) may be placed within or removed from the pocket (48). Each dowel (222) is positioned or aligned to reciprocate axially or along the longitudinal axis of the rotation restraining assembly (50). When in the extended or expanded position or condition, each dowel (222) extends from the rotation restraining assembly (50) for engagement with the pocket (48). When in the retracted or unexpanded position or condition, each dowel (222) is withdrawn from engagement with the pocket (48).
Preferably, each dowel (222) has an inner end (224) for receipt in or engagement with an end (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) and an outer end (226) for receipt in or engagement with an end (52, 54) of the pocket (48). Further, each of the first and second ends (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) preferably defines a chamber (228) for receiving the inner end (224) of the dowel (222). A biasing mechanism (230) is preferably associated with the dowel (222) for urging the dowel (222) axially out of the chamber (228) to extend from the end (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60). Any biasing mechanism (230) may be used, however, preferably at least one spring is located within the chamber (228) to act upon the dowel (222).
As well, each of the first and second ends (52, 54) of the pocket (48) preferably defines a chamber (232) for receiving the outer end (226) of the dowel (222). Thus, when the rotation restraining assembly (50) is received in the pocket (48), the spring (230) urges the dowel (222) axially away from the assembly housing (60) such that the outer end (226) of each dowel (222) is received within the corresponding chamber (232) defined by each end (52, 54) of the pocket (48). Accordingly, the dowels (222) are in the extended position such that the rotation restraining assembly (50) is secured within the pocket (48).
In order to permit the removal of the rotation restraining assembly (50) from the pocket (48), a release mechanism (234) is preferably provided for releasing or withdrawing the dowel (222) such that the dowel (222) moves longitudinally or axially in an opposed direction to the retracted position or condition. The release mechanism (234) moves or urges the dowel (222) axially towards the end (64, 66) of the assembly housing (60) and into the chamber (228). The release mechanism (234) may be positioned at any location in which it is capable of acting upon the dowel (222) in the desired manner. Preferably, the chambers (232) defined by the first and second ends (52, 54) of the pocket (48) extend to the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) for access thereto. Further, a release mechanism (234) is preferably positioned or located within each of the chambers (232) such that the release mechanism (234) may be actuated from the exterior of the apparatus housing (22) to act upon the dowel (222) to cause its withdrawal from the chamber (232), thereby releasing the assembly housing (60).
Although any release mechanism (234) may be used, each release mechanism (234) is preferably comprised of an inner release wedge or member (236) defining an angled or sloped surface (240) and an outer release wedge or member (238) defining a compatible angled or sloped surface (240). The inner release wedge (236) is located in the chamber (232) adjacent the end (52 or 54) of the pocket (48), while the outer release wedge (238) is located in the chamber (232) adjacent the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22). When the compatible angled sloped surfaces (240) are engaged, depression of the outer release wedge (238) through the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) causes the inner release wedge (236) to engage and act upon the outer end (226) of the dowel (222) to axially move the dowel (222) toward the retracted position. The outer release wedge (238) is preferably maintained within the chamber (232) by a retaining ring (242) and one or more springs (244) such as a wave spring. The inner release wedge (236) is maintained within the chamber (232) by the action of the biasing mechanism (230) which urges the outer end (226) of the dowel (222) into contact with the inner release wedge (236).
In addition, the action of the securing mechanism (92) as described above may be aided or facilitated by the use of one or more differential plugs (246) between the rotation restraining assembly (50) and the device mount (26). Specifically, a plurality of pressure differential plugs (246) are positioned between the assembly housing (60) and the apparatus housing (22). Preferably, the differential plugs (246) extend between the lip portion (84) of the assembly housing (60) and the flat portion (59) of the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) adjacent the pocket (48) as shown in
Further, in this embodiment, as indicated previously, the assembly housing (60) has the first end (64) and the opposed second end (66), opposed side surfaces (68), the top surface (70) and the opposed bottom surface (72). The bottom surface (72) of the assembly housing (60) is comprised of or defines the projection (74) which is configured to be compatible with or to correspond to the pocket (48) such that the projection (74) is receivable within the pocket (48).
In this alternate embodiment, the projection (74) is preferably comprised of two projection portions, being a first projection portion (248) and a second projection portion (250), which are each configured for receipt in the pocket (48). The first and second projection portions (248, 250) are located adjacent the first and second ends (64, 66) respectively. Thus, the first projection portion (248) defines the first end (76) of the projection (74), while the second projection portion (250) defines the second end (78) of the projection (74). Further, the first and second projection portions (248, 250) together define or provide the opposed side surfaces (80) and the bottom surface (82) which comprises a portion of the bottom surface (72) of the assembly housing (60). In other words, the projection (74) is not continuous between the first and second ends (76, 78) of the projection (74), but rather or space or gap is provided between the first and second projection portions (148, 150) which defines, at least in part, the compartment (152) in the assembly housing (60) for receiving the rotation restraining member (62).
Referring to
Specifically, the wedge (254) is placed within the pocket (48) between the side surface (56) of the pocket (48) and one of the sloped surfaces (252) of the projection (74). Urging of the wedge (254) toward the projection (74) causes the engagement of the compatible sloped surfaces (252, 256) to more securely maintain the projection (74) within the pocket (48) and decrease any movement of the projection (74) within the pocket (48). The wedge (254) may be urged or biased towards the projection (74) in any manner and using any mechanism capable of urging the wedge (254) in the desired direction. However, preferably, the apparatus housing (22) defines at least one orifice or passage (258) from the exterior surface (36) of the apparatus housing (22) to the side surface (56) of the pocket (48) adjacent the wedge (254) location. A screw (260) or other suitable fastener extends through the passage (258) such that an end engages the wedge (254) as shown in
Further, in this alternate embodiment, the assembly housing (60) defines the compartment (152) therein for receipt of the carriage assembly (162). The compartment (152) has first and second ends (154, 156) and side surfaces (158) but no bottom surface (160). Rather, the carriage assembly (162) acts directly against the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48).
The rotation restraining member (62) is comprised of the carriage assembly (162) and the borehole engaging element or member (164). The borehole engaging elements or members (164), comprised of rollers (168), are mounted with or carried by the carriage assembly (162) in a similar manner as in the preferred embodiment. The carriage assembly (162) is comprised of the elongate member (172) having first and second ends (174, 176). However, this embodiment does not require the use of a separate or distinct carriage retainer (166). Either, a carriage retainer (166) is not used or it is integrally formed with the assembly housing (60) defining the compartment (152).
More particularly, the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) directly engage the first and second ends (154, 156) of the compartment (152). Specifically, the outwardly facing engagement shoulder (178) defined by the first and second ends (174, 176) of the elongate member (172) engage against a complementary inwardly facing engagement shoulder (210) defined by each of the first and second ends (154, 156) of the compartment (152). Abutment of the outwardly facing engagement shoulder (178) with the complementary inwardly facing engagement shoulder (210) prevents or inhibits further radial or outward movement of the carriage assembly (162).
Further, as shown in
Finally, the biasing device (170), comprised of a plurality of springs (190), acts between the elongate member (172) and the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48) to move the carriage assembly (162) to the extended position. Where the device size varies, by varying the assembly housing size, the size of the springs (190) may be varied, an additional member may be placed between the bottom surface (58) of the pocket (48) and the springs (190) or a bottom surface may be added to the assembly housing (60) so that the springs (190) may act between the elongate member (172) and a bottom surface of the assembly housing (60) as in the preferred embodiment.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,448,723 | Nov 2003 | CA | national |
