Patent Grant
11105544
This disclosure relates to a heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) system. More specifically, this disclosure relates to an expansion device in an HVACR system.
A heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) system can include a refrigerant circuit having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, an economizer, and an evaporator fluidly connected. The expansion device, or in some cases, expansion devices, can be used to reduce a pressure of the fluid in the refrigerant circuit. A chiller unit can be included in an HVACR system. The expansion device(s) in the chiller unit can be a single or double orifice plate. Reduction of pressure in the chiller unit can be performed via the single or double orifice plate.
A heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) system including a refrigerant circuit is disclosed. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a condenser, a plurality of expansion devices, an economizer, and an evaporator, fluidly connected via a plurality of conduits. In an embodiment, the plurality of expansion devices includes single or double orifice plates.
In an embodiment, the refrigerant circuit includes a bypass segment. The bypass segment can include one or more conduits and a flow control device.
A refrigerant circuit is described. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a condenser, a first expansion device, an economizer, a second expansion device, and an evaporator fluidly connected. A working fluid flows through the refrigerant circuit. A bypass segment of the refrigerant circuit fluidly connected to the refrigerant circuit. A portion of the working fluid is provided from the refrigerant circuit to the bypass segment. The portion of the working fluid is provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the condenser and the evaporator with respect to flow of the working fluid. The portion of the working fluid flows through the bypass segment in a flow enabled state and is provided to a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the evaporator with respect to flow of the working fluid. A vortical flow is induced at the location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the evaporator based on merging of the working fluid and the portion of the working fluid.
A chiller unit for a heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) system is described. The chiller unit includes a refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a condenser, a first expansion device, an economizer, a second expansion device, and an evaporator fluidly connected. A working fluid flows through the refrigerant circuit. A bypass segment of the refrigerant circuit fluidly connected to the refrigerant circuit. A portion of the working fluid is provided from the refrigerant circuit to the bypass segment. The portion of the working fluid is provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the condenser and the evaporator with respect to flow of the working fluid. The portion of the working fluid flows through the bypass segment in a flow enabled state and is provided to a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the evaporator with respect to flow of the working fluid. A vortical flow is induced at the location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the evaporator.
A method is described. The method includes compressing a working fluid with a compressor; directing the working fluid from the compressor to a condenser; directing the working fluid from the condenser to an evaporator; diverting a portion of the working fluid from the condenser to a bypass conduit, the bypass conduit having an inlet disposed between the condenser and the evaporator, and the bypass conduit having an outlet disposed between the condenser and the evaporator, the outlet being relatively closer to the evaporator than the inlet; and inducing a vortical flow in the working fluid at the outlet of the bypass conduit by rejoining the portion of the working fluid with the working fluid from the condenser to the evaporator.
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part of this disclosure, and which illustrate embodiments in which the systems and methods described in this specification can be practiced.
Like reference numbers represent like parts throughout.
Generally, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) systems include one or more expansion devices which can be included in a refrigerant circuit of the HVACR system. For example, an expansion device can be disposed between a condenser and an economizer in the refrigerant circuit, between the economizer and an evaporator, or the like. In some HVACR systems, the one or more expansion devices can be a single or double orifice plate. Sizing of the orifice(s) for the plate may be optimized to certain operational conditions, but not optimal for other operational conditions. Providing a variable orifice to address this issue can increase a complexity of the system by including large valve systems. These systems are often expensive, and in addition to increasing a complexity of the system, can increase an overall cost of the system. Simpler, lower cost alternatives are desirable.
Embodiments described in this specification include addition of a flow modification circuit within a refrigerant circuit of an HVACR system having an orifice plate (a single plate or a plurality of plates including one or more apertures) type of device. The flow modification circuit can be employed within a refrigerant circuit of an HVACR system that includes an expansion device other than an orifice plate type of device. The flow modification circuit can be used to divert a portion of working fluid from a primary flow of working fluid in the refrigerant circuit and merge the diverted portion of the working fluid with the primary flow of the working fluid in the refrigerant circuit at a location downstream of the diversion. Merging the working fluid with the primary flow of the working fluid in the refrigerant circuit can create a vortex in the primary flow of the working fluid. The flow of the working fluid about the vortex may be referred to as “vortical flow.” Further, the vortical flow can alternatively be referred to as turbulent flow. It will be appreciated that the creation of a vortex or vortical flow can result in turbulent flow of the working fluid. The merging of the diverted portion of the working fluid with the primary flow of working fluid can be such that a flow direction of the diverted portion of the working fluid is not parallel to the primary flow of the working fluid through the refrigerant circuit. In an embodiment, the vortex can lower a static pressure within the flow of the working fluid in the refrigerant circuit. In an embodiment, this can cause a liquid portion of the working fluid to flash (e.g., convert from a liquid state to a gaseous state).
The chiller unit 10 includes, among other features, a compressor 12 fluidly connected to a condenser 14, which is fluidly connected to an economizer 18 and an evaporator 22. The fluidly connected components, for example, may form a refrigerant circuit. In an embodiment, a fluid used in the refrigerant circuit (e.g., a working fluid) can be a heat transfer fluid or medium such as a refrigerant or the like which is in a heat exchange relationship with one or more heat transfer fluids or media (e.g., a process fluid) such as, but not limited to, water, etc., to cool or chill the process fluid for other use or applications such as, but not limited to, a comfort cooling application or the like. A control system 20 may control an operation of the chiller unit 10. It will be appreciated that the chiller unit 10 and/or the refrigerant circuit for the chiller unit 10 can include one or more additional features. For example, one or more expansion devices (e.g., expansion devices 32, 34 in
The refrigerant circuits 22A-22D generally include a compressor 24, condenser 26, economizer 28, and evaporator 30 fluidly connected to form a closed circuit. The compressor 24 can be, for example, a scroll compressor, a screw compressor, a centrifugal compressor, a reciprocating compressor, a toroidal compressor, or the like. The compressor 24, condenser 26, economizer 28, and evaporator 30 may correspond to the compressor 12, the condenser 14, the economizer 16, and the evaporator 18 (respectively) in
The refrigerant circuits 22A-22D can generally be applied in a variety of systems used to control an environmental condition (e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, or the like) in a space (generally referred to as a conditioned space). Examples of such systems include, but are not limited to, the chiller unit 10 shown and described in accordance with
The components of the refrigerant circuits 22A-22D are fluidly connected. The refrigerant circuits 22A-22D can be specifically configured to be a cooling system (e.g., an air conditioning system) capable of operating in a cooling mode. Alternatively, the refrigerant circuits 22A-22D can be specifically configured to be a heat pump system which is capable of operating in both a cooling mode and a heating/defrost mode.
The refrigerant circuits 22A-22D can be configured to heat or cool a heat transfer fluid or medium (e.g., a liquid such as, but not limited to, water or the like), in which case the refrigerant circuits 22A-22D may be representative of a liquid chiller system. The heat transfer fluid or medium being heated or cooled in such an embodiment may be referred to as a process fluid.
In operation, the compressor 24 compresses a heat transfer fluid or medium (e.g., a refrigerant or the like) from a relatively low pressure gas to a relatively higher-pressure gas. The heat transfer fluid or medium may be referred to as a working fluid. The working fluid which is a relatively higher-pressure and higher temperature gas is discharged from the compressor 24 and flows to the condenser 26 via a conduit 36. In accordance with generally known principles, the working fluid flows through the condenser 14 and rejects heat to the process fluid, thereby cooling the working fluid. The cooled working fluid, which is now in a liquid form, flows to an expansion device 32 via a conduit 38. The expansion device 32 reduces a pressure of the working fluid. As a result, a portion of the working fluid is converted to a gaseous form. The working fluid, which is in a mixed liquid and gaseous form, flows to the economizer 28 via a conduit 40. At the economizer 28, a gaseous portion of the working fluid (which is in a mixed liquid and gaseous form) flows from the economizer 28 to the compressor 24 via a conduit 48. A liquid portion of the working fluid (which is in a mixed liquid and gaseous form) flows from the economizer 28 to an expansion device 34 via a conduit 42. In an embodiment, the refrigerant circuits 22A-22D can include both the expansion devices 32, 34. In another embodiment, the refrigerant circuits 22A-22D can include one expansion device, such as expansion device 34 but not expansion device 32. The working fluid which is provided to the expansion device 34 can be at an intermediate pressure (e.g., a pressure of the working fluid that is between a suction pressure and a discharge pressure). The expansion device 34 reduces a pressure of the working fluid, which results in a portion of the working fluid being converted to a gaseous form. The working fluid, which is in a mixed gaseous and liquid form, flows to the evaporator 30 via a conduit 44. The working fluid flows through the evaporator 30 and absorbs heat from the process fluid, heating the working fluid, and converting it to a gaseous form. The working fluid, which is now in a gaseous form, then flows to the compressor 24 via a conduit 46. The above-described process generally continues while the refrigerant circuits 22A-22D are operating, for example, while the compressor 24 is enabled.
The refrigerant circuit 22A in
In an embodiment, the bypass segment 50A can be formed of a single conduit (composed of conduits 52, 54) and a single flow control device (flow control device 56). In an embodiment, the bypass segment 50A can include a plurality of conduits and a plurality of flow control devices.
The conduit 54 can be configured such that an angle θ is maintained between a longitudinal axis (e.g., an axis along a length of the conduit 54) of the conduit 54 and a longitudinal axis (e.g., an axis along a length of the conduit 42) of the conduit 42 at the location B. For example, in an embodiment, the angle θ between the longitudinal axis of the conduit 54 and the longitudinal axis of the conduit 42 may be at or about 90°. In such an embodiment, the conduit 54 is oriented about perpendicularly to the conduit 42. In an embodiment, the angle between the longitudinal axis of the conduit 54 and the longitudinal axis of the conduit 42 may be selected such that the conduit 54 is oriented other than perpendicular to the conduit 42 (e.g., the angle θ is greater than or less than 90°. The angle θ can be selected to control flow conditions (e.g., turbulence, creation of a vortex, etc.) of the working fluid. In general, a desired flow condition includes creation of a vortex. In the illustrated embodiment, the vortex is created in the flow of the working fluid at the location B which is disposed upstream of the expansion device 34 (e.g., prior to the working fluid flowing into the expansion device 34). It will be appreciated that the vortical flow may be induced at a different location than the location B illustrated in the schematic diagram of
In operation, the bypass segment 50A can advantageously cause a relatively lower static pressure within the working fluid flow and cause a portion of the working fluid to transition to a gaseous form prior to the pressure drop induced by the expansion device 34. In an embodiment, the merging of the bypass segment 50A (e.g., location B) can result in a pressure drop due to the merging of the working fluid flows. In an embodiment, the bypass segment 50A can result in, for example, a wider range of operating conditions at which the refrigerant circuit 22A (and accordingly the chiller unit (e.g., chiller unit 10 of
In an embodiment, the flow control device 56 can be, for example, a regulating valve (e.g., a stepper valve, an electronic expansion valve, etc.) or the like. In an embodiment, the flow control device 56 can be a single solenoid valve (or multiple solenoid valves if there are multiple conduits) or the like. The flow control device 56 can be electrically connected to the controller 20 to control operation of the flow control device 56. The controller 20 could, in an embodiment, enable or disable flow through the bypass segment 50A based on, for example, a condenser saturation temperature, an evaporator saturation temperature, a temperature lift (e.g., temperature differential), a pressure differential, a liquid level of the working fluid in the evaporator, a liquid level in the condenser, or suitable combinations thereof.
The conduits 52, 54 can be, for example, a pipe or the like. The conduits 52, 54 generally have a diameter that is relatively smaller than a diameter of the conduits 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, and 48. The relatively smaller diameter is possible because a flowrate of the working fluid through the bypass segment 50A can be less than a flowrate of the working fluid through the conduits 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, and 48. In an embodiment, the relatively smaller diameter conduits 52, 54 can be cheaper than including a conduit having a larger diameter. In an embodiment, the vortical flow can be induced because of a flowrate of the diverted portion of the working fluid through the conduits 52, 54 being different than a flowrate of the working fluid through the conduits 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, and 48.
The refrigerant circuit 22B in
In the illustrated embodiment, the vortex is created in the flow of the working fluid at a location D before the working fluid flows into the expansion device 34. It will be appreciated that the vortical flow may be induced at a different location than the location D. For example, the joinder of the conduits 54 and 42 can be relatively nearer to the expansion device 34 in an embodiment, relatively nearer to the economizer 28, or at or about equidistant from the expansion device 34 and the economizer 28. The location of the joinder of the conduits 54 and 42 can be selected to provide a particular pressure drop in the working fluid prior to the working fluid reaching the expansion device 34. Similarly, the location C at which the conduit 52 is joined with the conduit 38 can be varied. For example, an inlet to the conduit 52 can be relatively nearer to the expansion device 32, relatively nearer to the condenser 26, or at or about equidistant from the expansion device 32 and the condenser 26.
In operation, the bypass segment 50B can advantageously cause a relatively lower static pressure within the working fluid flow and cause a portion of the working fluid to transition to a gaseous form prior to the pressure drop induced by the expansion device 34. In an embodiment, the bypass segment 50B can result in, for example, a wider range of conditions at which the refrigerant circuit 22B (and accordingly the chiller unit (e.g., chiller unit 10 of
The refrigerant circuit 22C in
In the illustrated embodiment, the vortex is created in the flow of the working fluid at the location F which is prior to the working fluid flowing into the expansion device 34. It will be appreciated that the vortical flow may be induced at a different location than location F illustrated in the schematic diagram of
In operation, the bypass segment 50C can advantageously cause a relatively lower static pressure within the working fluid flow and cause a portion of the working fluid to transition to a gaseous form prior to the pressure drop induced by the expansion device 34. In an embodiment, the bypass segment 50C can result in, for example, a wider range of conditions at which the refrigerant circuit 22C (and accordingly the chiller unit (e.g., chiller unit 10 of
The refrigerant circuit 22D in
In the illustrated embodiment, the vortex is created in the flow of the working fluid at the location G before the working fluid flows into the evaporator 30. It will be appreciated that the vortical flow may be induced at a different location than the location G illustrated in the schematic diagram of
In operation, the bypass segment 50D can advantageously cause additional working fluid to be provided to the evaporator 30. In an embodiment, the bypass segment 50D can result in, for example, a wider range of conditions at which the refrigerant circuit 22D (and accordingly the chiller unit (e.g., chiller unit 10 of
The bypass segments 50A-50D can be included in the refrigerant circuits 22A-22D at a time of initial setup of the refrigerant circuits 22A-22D, according to an embodiment. In another embodiment, the bypass segments 50A-50D can be added to a refrigerant circuit that does not include a bypass segment. That is, the bypass segments 50A-50D can be retrofit into a refrigerant circuit that was initially setup without the bypass segments 50A-50D. In another embodiment, the bypass segments 50A-50D can be included in the initial setup of the refrigerant circuit, but disabled. In such an embodiment, the bypass segments 50A-50D could be enabled at a later time.
It will be appreciated that one or more of the embodiments described with reference to
Aspects:
It is to be appreciated that any one of aspects 1-8 can be combined with any one of aspects 9-14 and/or 15-20. Any one of aspects 9-14 can be combined with any one of aspects 15-20.
Aspect 1. A refrigerant circuit, comprising:
a compressor, a condenser, a first expansion device, an economizer, a second expansion device, and an evaporator fluidly connected;
a working fluid that flows through the refrigerant circuit; and
a bypass segment of the refrigerant circuit fluidly connected to the refrigerant circuit, wherein a portion of the working fluid is provided from the refrigerant circuit to the bypass segment, the portion of the working fluid being provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the condenser and the evaporator with respect to flow of the working fluid, flowing through the bypass segment in a flow enabled state, and being provided to a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the evaporator with respect to flow of the working fluid,
wherein a vortical flow is induced at the location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the evaporator based on merging of the working fluid and the portion of the working fluid.
Aspect 2. The refrigerant circuit according to aspect 1, wherein the first and second expansion devices are orifice plate type devices that include a single plate or a plurality of plates, the single plate or the plurality of plates including one or more apertures.
Aspect 3. The refrigerant circuit according to any one of aspects 1-2, wherein the bypass segment further comprises a flow control device that controls a flow of working fluid through the bypass segment.
Aspect 4. The refrigerant circuit according to any one of aspects 1-3, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the condenser and the first expansion device with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 5. The refrigerant circuit according to any one of aspects 1-4, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the first expansion device and the economizer with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 6. The refrigerant circuit according to any one of aspects 1-5, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the second expansion device with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 7. The refrigerant circuit according to any one of aspects 1-6, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided to a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the second expansion device with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 8. The refrigerant circuit according to any one of aspects 1-7, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided to a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the second expansion device and the evaporator with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 9. A chiller unit for a heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) system, comprising:
a refrigerant circuit, comprising:
Aspect 10. The chiller unit according to aspect 9, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the condenser and the first expansion device with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 11. The chiller unit according to any one of aspects 9-10, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the first expansion device and the economizer with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 12. The chiller unit according to any one of aspects 9-11, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided from a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the second expansion device with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 13. The chiller unit according to any one of aspects 9-12, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided to a location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the economizer and the second expansion device with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 14. The chiller unit according to any one of aspects 9-13, wherein the portion of the working fluid is provided to the location in the refrigerant circuit disposed between the second expansion device and the evaporator with respect to flow of the working fluid.
Aspect 15. A method, comprising:
compressing a working fluid with a compressor;
directing the working fluid from the compressor to a condenser;
directing the working fluid from the condenser to an evaporator;
diverting a portion of the working fluid from the condenser to a bypass conduit, the bypass conduit having an inlet disposed between the condenser and the evaporator, and the bypass conduit having an outlet disposed between the condenser and the evaporator, the outlet being relatively closer to the evaporator than the inlet; and
inducing a vortical flow in the working fluid at the outlet of the bypass conduit by rejoining the portion of the working fluid with the working fluid from the condenser to the evaporator.
Aspect 16. The method according to aspect 15, wherein the bypass conduit includes a flow control device, the method further comprises selectively enabling or disabling flow of the working fluid through the bypass conduit by the flow control device.
Aspect 17. The method according to any one of aspects 15-16, wherein the working fluid is directed from the condenser to an economizer, and from the economizer to the evaporator.
Aspect 18. The method according to aspect 17, wherein the inlet is disposed between the condenser and the economizer, and the outlet is disposed between the economizer and the evaporator.
Aspect 19. The method according to aspect 17, wherein the inlet is disposed between the economizer and the evaporator, and the outlet is disposed between the economizer and the evaporator.
Aspect 20. The method according to any one of aspects 17-19, wherein the outlet is disposed between the economizer and an expansion device, the expansion device being disposed between the economizer and the evaporator.
The terminology used in this specification is intended to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural forms as well, unless clearly indicated otherwise. The terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components.
With regard to the preceding description, it is to be understood that changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of the construction materials employed and the shape, size, and arrangement of parts without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This specification and the embodiments described are exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the claims that follow.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3864938 | Hayes, Jr. | Feb 1975 | A |
| 4843838 | Trask | Jul 1989 | A |
| 5372013 | Lau et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5655379 | Jaster | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5806327 | Lord | Sep 1998 | A |
| 6460357 | Doi | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6857287 | Alsenz | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 8966916 | Deaconu | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 20020069654 | Doi et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020078698 | Leisenheimer | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20030200763 | Takeuchi | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030200764 | Takeuchi | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030209026 | Sakuma | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030226370 | Tanimoto | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040206110 | Lifson | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20060096308 | Manole | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060107671 | Yoshida | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20110005270 | Yoshimi | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110030409 | Fujimoto | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20120227426 | Deaconu | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20140033741 | Song | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140230477 | Furui | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140298849 | Alpha | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20150151609 | Satou | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150176866 | Takayama | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20160096629 | Vaisman | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160236538 | Suzuki | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160280041 | Suzuki | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20170115043 | Laughman | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170159982 | West | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20180128527 | Cosby, II | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20190011154 | Takizawa | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190203993 | Lesmerises | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190368754 | Blanton | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20200149751 | Cho | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200363102 | Zha | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200370809 | Mahmoud | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2014200096 | Jan 2014 | AU |
| 1358978 | Jul 2002 | CN |
| 1405515 | Mar 2003 | CN |
| 1149373 | May 2004 | CN |
| 1854648 | Nov 2006 | CN |
| 101061338 | Oct 2007 | CN |
| 102062497 | May 2011 | CN |
| 103868264 | Jun 2014 | CN |
| 105579259 | May 2016 | CN |
| 105972717 | Sep 2016 | CN |
| 3710349 | May 1996 | EP |
| 2592368 | May 2013 | EP |
| 1151008 | Jun 1997 | GN |
| 105393067 | Mar 2016 | GN |
| H08313121 | Nov 1996 | JP |
| 2015017773 | Jan 2015 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| Office Action, Chinese Patent Application No. 201711086389.6, dated Oct. 9, 2020, with partial English translation (13 pages). |
| Office Action, Chinese Patent Application No. 201711086389 6, dated May 27, 2021, with partial English translation (9 pages). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180128527 A1 | May 2018 | US |
