Patent Grant
11110506
With new technology, increased industry regulation standards, and higher consumer demand, steel manufacturers are faced with the task of making stronger yet lighter stamped steel components. Conventional stamping techniques require a series of processes to manufacture these complex, high-strength parts. It would be desirable to incorporate a device into traditional steel stamping devices such that parts can be manufactured without the additional processing steps required by conventional techniques and methods while still maintaining a high level of repeatability.
Current hydraulic die cushions can be made capable of varying force through the stroke of the press. Optionally, the press can be used as the driver of the cushion and a proportional relief valve can be used to build pressure in the cushion. A pressure sensor can be located in the cushion that optionally senses pressure throughout the stroke of the cushion that optionally sends feedback to a controller for the purpose of adjusting the valve position according to a pre-set, desired force setting.
Press cushions (e.g., servo press cushions, etc.) that can vary force are useful in sheet metal applications (e.g., forming and drawing sheet metal, etc.). By only varying the force of the stroke used to draw parts, certain part geometries and materials can still require additional processing to be completed. As such, current cushion designs have limitations and improvements are needed.
Kohno (U.S. Pat. No. 8,757,056), Kohno et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 8,127,590) and Kirii et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,457,980) each teach a press device that is force controlled. However, these references fail to teach a device wherein the force is controlled and also pulsating simultaneously.
Kohno teaches a die cushion device for a press machine comprising a hydraulic power unit (HPU). Hydraulic power units pose several disadvantages. One such disadvantage is that electricity is required in order to run the motor which powers the hydraulic pump which then feeds oil to the device. As such, heat generation is greater because all the force that is being generated is being transferred to heat and is therefore not regenerative.
One limiting factor of current press cushion devices is the maximum force needed in different stages of the stroke in order to draw a part without yielding the material to a point where splits or wrinkles occur. By varying only the force, certain part geometries and materials can still require additional processing to be completed.
In view of the prior art, there remains a need for a pulsating frequency, variable force press cushion device that can be easily and conveniently incorporated into an existing press cushion device for the purpose of improving formation and drawing of sheet metals and other like applications.
The present invention is directed to a sheet metal stamping system that incorporates the use of a pulsating frequency, variable force press cushion device to improve the formation and drawing of sheet metals.
Disclosed in various non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are novel press cushion devices that are useful in a wide range of applications and can be adaptable to various pre-existing and future press makes and models.
Generally, five factors are responsible for controlling metal flow in die applications: geometry of the blank, draw beads, lubrication and friction, blank holder and punch velocities, and blank holder surface pressure. According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the variable pulsation, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention provides optional control of one or more of the following variables: the blank holder velocity (via the driving motion of the press); and control of the blank holder pressure, which can be varied by pulsing throughout the stroke of the press, gap control (for blank thickness) between the upper die (ram) and the lower die binder in which the press cushion device of the present invention
The prior art has demonstrated the idea of variable force control and force pulsation separately. However, the prior art fails to teach these two concepts together and provides no evidence showing that it would be desirable to do so. The novel variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention provides a combination of these two components into one system; and wherein the system of the present invention is capable of controlling both of these components simultaneously. The advantages of each component separately can thus be combined into one system which magnifies the effectiveness of the system in accordance with the present invention.
According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device can be configured to operate both with and/or without a hydraulic power unit.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the novel variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device can optionally comprise a basic manifold including one or more hydraulic cylinders driven by a press slide via transfer pins contacting a transfer plate or cylinder pistons and a binder in the die driven by said press slide. In one non-limiting aspect of the invention, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device includes multiple small cylinders instead of fewer large cylinders. The use of smaller cylinders, which can be defined as cylinder bore diameters ranging from 1.125″ to 3.00″, allow the system to have less compressibility in the hydraulic oil and components. The compact design of multiple cylinders allows the system to be controlled with a higher degree of force accuracy.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the pressure/force can optionally be controlled by an electro-proportional valve which adjusts based on information received from an optional motion controller. The proportional valve can be mounted in close proximity to the cylinders to limit the effects of the compressibility of the oil; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the force can be both variable and pulsing.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, an operator can enter the pulse width frequency through the use of a human machine interface (HMI); however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the frequency can be communicated to a controller in which force can remain as programmed, yet the frequency can be changed based on any value entered in the HMI; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, an operator can enter the pulse width amplitude through the use of a HMI; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the amplitude can be communicated to the controller in which force remains variable or constant, yet the amplitude can be changed based on any value entered in the HMI; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, gap control can optionally be used as an effective method in forming/drawing material wherein a controller can automatically adjust force based on gap differences between the press slide and the transfer plate; however, this is not required. For gap control operation, the system control variable becomes the gap between the height position of the upper die components (ram, upper die, etc.) and the height position of the lower die components (binder ring, lower die, cushion, transfer plate, etc.). For gap control operation, the cushion forces are assumed to be sufficiently high enough to maintain the required gap and overcome forces from the material being formed. For gap control operation, the cushion forces are also assumed to be at a minimal amount to maintain the required gap, thus reducing friction which allows the material to flow at an optimal rate. During forming of the metal component, gap control can be used to effect the amount of compression from the binder to the blank material. If the gap is too large, the blank will wrinkle. If the gap is too small, the part will tear. The gap control can be programmed by the user; however, this is not required. The user can enter the height and the gap distance; however, this is not required. For most materials, the gap distance will increase as the blank material is drawn into the die.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the value of said gap can optionally be programmed to automatically adjust throughout the stroke of the press. The draw height and gap distance can be obtained from FEA (Finite Element Analysis) software, other types of software, or by other means and directly linked to the cushion control; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, auto-learning (tuning) of die tryout or continuous monitoring of the part because of blank material property variations can be achieved in accordance with the present invention.
During the auto-learning operation for a specific draw process, the cushion control system can be configured to monitor the position of the upper die components and the lower die components, and compare the difference between the two to calculate the resultant gap; however, this is not required.
The cushion controller can calculate the slope of the position curve for both the upper and lower die components, and the system can be configured to compare the slopes of the two components for congruence. Slope matching can optionally be used to compare within a known amount (e.g., defined by the user, defined by some means) as a process variable. When the slope of the two curves differs beyond the amount defined as the process variable, an alert can be identified as a learning point that the existing process is outside of the desired operation. The process can then be adjusted based on the learned points.
For operation of force controlled systems, gap measurement and comparison of the slope of the die components during forming can optionally be used to define an operational force profile that makes a successful part based on auto-learned points. During forming, if the slopes differ beyond the prescribed process variable, this will be recognized as a learning point, and the cushion force can be varied (lesser or greater) to prevent the variable from falling out of range and thereby result in a successful forming operation. Learning points can optionally be recorded in an iterative process to define a force curve throughout the forming operation that results in a successfully formed part.
For gap control operation, learning points can be used to make adjustments to the prescribed forming gap, based on real world effects; however, this is not required.
The cushion program can optionally be used to calculate the slope of the gap (gap distance vs. time). Upper ram (upper die) along with the lower die cushion height can optionally be used calculate the optimal force needed draw a part.
The gap profile for a part can be used to program the gap control on future parts; however, this is not required. Gap or force control can optionally be used depending on requirements of the material and part.
Draw simulation (as defined by the process simulation) can optionally be directly linked to the cushion, allowing close force approximation required for the first tryout.
The control system of the cushion can optionally monitor the ram position and velocity to scan for small spike created by the part tearing during the draw process. The control system can optionally be configured to also measure the velocity change of the cushion which will show the material has torn. Cushion pressure change can be optionally monitored and can optionally be used to show the material change performance.
Information to assist with quality control during drawing process can optionally be communicated out for evaluation by the operator, production and/or quality department.
One non-limiting example of auto-learning in accordance with the present invention is as follows: A new die is provided. The new die tryout can be a time and material consuming process. The operator selects auto-learning on the HMI panel. The HMI will allow the preliminary force values and heights to be entered, if the user has this data. The data can optionally be downloaded from outside the FEA program (as defined by the process simulation) through the internet. If preliminary data is not available from FEA and approximate forces are not available, the auto-learning of the cushion can be used to draw multiple blanks to approximate the force required. Once the approximate force is recorded along the draw depth, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device will control the forming process by stamping multiple blanks. Each time a new blank is drawn, the control system of the cushion will analyze every 0.001″ (or some other value [0.0001-1 inch and all values and ranges therebetween]) of the ram (upper die) and lower cushion travel to determine when the binder gap is growing too quickly due to wrinkling in the material or too slowly which indicates tearing in the part. The data will be recorded to find the desired force and height location to give the highest quality part. By controlling the force, the control system allows for size and material variance of the blank without causing the part to be out of tolerance and scrapped. Once the die tryout has been complete or the force for the drawn part has been determined, the system will can draw the part using gap control and/or force control. Variable pulsating can optionally be used on either gap control or force control. Gap control can optionally use a higher frequency and smaller amplitude depending on the gap tolerance.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, cylinder or transfer plate position can optionally be calculated from pressure rise in an accumulator wherein a controller can convert the pressure rise to volume of oil to linear position of the cylinder; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, cylinder or transfer plate position can optionally be calculated from a flow rate sensor in a manifold wherein the flow rate can be converted to a linear velocity which can then be translated from a rate to a physical position; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the press cushion device can optionally be configured to use a hydraulic power unit which optionally comprises a pump and motor for the purpose of moving fluid through the system.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the press cushion device in accordance with the present invention can optionally be configured to be regenerative and utilize a pressurized device (such as an accumulator) wherein fluid can be driven through a proportional valve to the accumulator and released back into the system to raise the cushion to the top; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the press cushion device can optionally automatically learn force profiles and optionally store them in the HMI to be recalled in the future; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the press cushion device can be capable of importing and using simulation data collected from sheet metal simulation software; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the data can optionally be transferred to a controller via a USB™ device, an HMI, wirelessly, or by some other communication means; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the data can optionally be in Excel™ column format or any format recognized by the controller such that the controller can properly interpret the data.
In summary, there is provided a die press cushion device for a press machine comprising a) at least one hydraulic cylinder supporting a cushion platform, the cushion platform configured to move in response to a force applied thereto by a slide of a press machine; b) a control valve configured to permit flow, restrict flow, or combinations thereof of hydraulic fluid from a chamber of the at least one hydraulic cylinder; and c) a controller configured to selectively open, close, or combinations thereof said control valve to maintain a minimum pressure in said chamber of said hydraulic cylinder to thereby control movement of said cushion platform when said slide of said press machine applies a force thereto; wherein said controller is operative to control said control valve to vary a value of said minimum pressure during a stroke of said press machine. The controller can be operative to control the control valve (e.g., proportional control valve) to pulse a pressure in the chamber of the at least one hydraulic cylinder; however, this is not required. The die press cushion device can further comprise a HMI wherein an operator can enter a pulse width frequency for the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, and the controller is operative to actuate the control valve to achieve a pulse width frequency of the hydraulic fluid; however, this is not required. The pulse width frequency can be communicated to the controller in which pressure remains as programmed yet the pulse width frequency can be changed based on any value entered in the HMI; however, this is not required. The operator can enter a pulse width amplitude through use of the HMI and the controller is operative to actuate the control valve to achieve the pulse width amplitude of the hydraulic fluid; however, this is not required. The pulse width amplitude can be communicated to the controller in which pressure remains variable and/or constant and the pulse width amplitude is changed based on any value entered in the HMI; however, this is not required. The press cushion device can further comprise a position transducer (e.g., linear position transducer, etc.) operative to provide position feedback of the cushion platform to the controller, and wherein the controller is configured to control a gap between the press slide and the cushion platform based at least in part on feedback from the position transducer by selectively opening, closing, or combinations thereof the control valve; however, this is not required. The controller can be configured to adjust the pressure of the hydraulic fluid via the control valve based at least in part on variations in the gap between the press slide and the cushion platform during a stroke of the press machine; however, this is not required. The press cushion device can further comprise an accumulator for receiving pressurized fluid from the at least one hydraulic cylinder, and wherein a position of the cushion platform can be calculated from a pressure rise in the accumulator; however, this is not required. The press cushion device can further comprise a flow rate sensor configured to sense a flow rate from the at least one hydraulic cylinder, and wherein a position of the cushion platform can be calculated using the sensed flow rate from the flow rate sensor; however, this is not required. The press cushion device can further comprise a hydraulic power unit that includes a pump and a motor for supplying pressurized fluid to the at least one hydraulic cylinder; however, this is not required. The press cushion device can further comprise an accumulator for storing pressurized fluid when the cushion pad is displaced by the press slide, and the stored pressurized fluid is available for returning the cushion pad to its beginning position or some other position; however, this is not required. The press cushion device can further comprise at least one of a pressure transducer for supplying a pressure feedback signal indicative of the lower chamber pressure to the controller and/or a position transducer (e.g., linear position transducer, etc.) is operative to provide position feedback of the cushion platform to the controller, and wherein the controller is configured to: a) monitor one or more conditions of the press cushion device during a stroke of the press machine during the forming a part using a first force profile, and wherein the one or more monitored conditions include at least one of a position of or a pressure applied by the lower chamber; b) analyzing the one or more monitored conditions to detect occurrence of a defect in the part; and, c) when a defect is detected, alter at least one parameter of said first force profile in a manner to reduce a recurrence of the detected defect; however, this is not required. The controller can be further configured to learn force profiles and then store them in a HMI and/or other storage location to be recalled in the future; however, this is not required. There is also provided a method of controlling a press cushion device of a press comprising: a) forming a first part using the press under a first force profile; b) monitoring one or more conditions of the press during the forming of the first part, and wherein the one or more monitored conditions include at least one of a position of a press slide, a position of the cushion platform and/or a pressure applied by or to the cushion platform; c) analyzing the one or more monitored conditions to detect a defect in the first part and, if a defect is detected, altering at least one parameter of the first force profile to form a second force profile, and wherein the first force profile is modified in a manner to reduce recurrence of the detected defect in said first part; and d) forming a second part using said press under the second force profile. The method can further comprise the steps of i) monitoring one or more conditions of the press during the forming of the second part, and wherein the monitored one or more conditions include at least one of a position of a press slide, a position of the cushion platform, and/or a pressure applied by and/or applied to the cushion platform, and ii) analyzing the one or more monitored conditions to detect a defect in the second part and, when a defect is detected, altering at least one parameter of the second force profile to form a third force profile, and wherein the second force profile is modified in a manner to reduce recurrence of the detected defect in the second part, and optionally also reduce the recurrence of the detected defect in the first part; however, this is not required. The step of analyzing the one or more monitored conditions can include comparing position data of the press slide to position data of the cushion platform to detect the formation of a wrinkle in the part; however, this is not required. The step of analyzing the monitored conditions can also or alternatively include detecting a pressure relief spike of one or more corresponding to a tear in the part; however, this is not required. The step of analyzing the one or more monitored conditions can also or alternatively include detecting a velocity change in the cushion platform that is indicative of a tear in the part; however, this is not required.
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to the drawings wherein the showing is for the purpose of illustrating non-limiting embodiments of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same:
An exemplary non-limiting embodiment of the present invention includes a variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device suitable for use in the formation of different sheet metal components typically used in the automotive industry. Although the variable pulsating gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention described herein is illustrated in an exemplary embodiment as being associated with sheet metal and automotive applications, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device can also be used for other or alternative materials and/or other commercial and recreational applications.
The variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can be incorporated into a wide range of press makes and models and can also be adaptable to many pre-existing and future die press systems where force control is desired. Press cushions can optionally be sized according to the desired output force and stroke length and yet still fit in the press without much ancillary work involved. According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device has a modular design that can be expanded or reduced to fit in many different configurable sizes; however, this is not required.
The variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can be used with servo, mechanical, and hydraulic presses, and can optionally replace an existing air or pneumatic cushion; however, this is not required. Dependent on the type of application, some installations can be done without the need of making an expensive pit under the press. In this regard, pits are generally dug out underneath the press in order to gain more linear height for the cushion to sit in. In one non-limiting embodiment, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can be much shorter and therefore require less overall height in most applications. In addition, the shorter height of the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention also optionally allows for the device to be installed more quickly and more cost effectively.
According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, a variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device is optionally associated with a HPU and a HMI. Generally, the HPU is necessary for supplying oil to the cushion as well as cooling it as it becomes hot from the heat generation created from squeezing oil through several small valves or orifices. An optional pump on the HPU can supply an accumulator with oil in which the accumulator supplies oil to the cushion assembly. An optional reservoir on the HPU can hold enough fluid to keep the system supplied. The HPU can also optionally provide an electrical cabinet containing all controls and electrical hardware for the cushion.
In operation, an operator can communicate with the cushion device of the present invention through an HMI and cycle any major function (e.g., bleeding the system, manually moving the cushion up and down, programming a part recipe, starting and stopping programs, etc.) of the system; however, this is not required. Here, the “part recipe” can become the target in the controller; however, this is not required. Generally, an operator can enter a desired force specific to the contact position or when the upper die first contacts the binder. From there, the operator can program one or more additional force change positions. The next force change position should be any value less than zero and the force associated with that position can either be greater, less than, or equal to the previous force entered. As long as the force falls within the limits of the device, the set force would be acceptable. The next force change position could optionally be less than the previous force change but still within the operating limits of the device. Again, the force associated with that position can be greater, less than, or equal to the previous force entered. The same sequence would be true for the next one or more force change positions optionally programmed by the operator.
According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, a variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device optionally comprises a manifold assembly, a transfer plate assembly, and mounting hardware to the press; however, this is not required. Generally, pressure in a press cushion manifold is generated by fluid moving through the proportional relief valve wherein the said fluid is moved by cylinders compressing and/or expanding. The cylinders in the manifold can be in contact with a guided transfer plate; however, this is not required. The transfer plate can be removed and the cylinders be position directly in contact with the transfer pins. Generally, a user can mount the device under the bolster of a press where a traditional air cushion would otherwise be mounted; however, this is not required.
In use (as seen in
According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device can utilize force control or position control such that the position feedback can be used to signal the controller when to adjust to a different force and also for return and delay purposes; however, this is not required.
The addition of a pulsing effect of the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can add significant benefit to the lubrication and friction factor. In this regard, pulsing allows for adhesion to be reduced between the blank material and the upper and lower die surfaces; however, this is not required. Although this alone can result in reduced friction, it also optionally allows for the lubrication layer to be redistributed thereby creating a lower and more consistent coefficient of friction.
Referring now to
Additionally, one non-limiting embodiment of the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can be incorporated into servo, mechanical, and/or hydraulic presses; however, this is not required.
According to another or alternative non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, a cushion assembly optionally comprises a transfer plate 1, a manifold assembly 2 that contains one or more hydraulic cylinders HC, a pressure transducer 3, a linear position transducer 7, and a hydraulic circuit 4; however, this is not required. The cushion assembly can be optionally mounted to the underside of a press bolster 8.
Hydraulic circuit 4 can optionally be configured by the user. Generally, hydraulic circuit 4 optionally includes one or more common valves and hoses and can be configured with one or more pumps and/or one or more motors; however, this is not required. Hydraulic circuit 4 can also optionally be used with an electro-proportional valve for the purpose of generating force in the press cushion. By regulating the flow of fluid from a lower chamber LC of the one or more hydraulic cylinders HC, movement of the transfer plate 1 or other cushion platform of the cushion assembly 2 can be controlled.
In application, one or more dies can be used to draw or form different sheet metal components that can be used in at least automotive, commercial, and recreational applications. With further reference to
A lower die 14 can be mounted to the top surface of bolster 8; however, this is not required. Traditionally, the bolster is made of a rigid material and is often a static or non-moving component of any die press. Lower die 14 can have a binder 12 for the purpose of holding a blank material that is to be formed; however, this is not required.
In use, upper die 11 can come into contact with binder 12 when the press slide 10 descends; however, this is not required. In operation, binder 12 can have a force applied to it by cushion transfer plate 1 by transferring force using transfer pins 13. As such, binder 12 is optionally provided for the purpose of applying a clamp force to the material to restrict the flow of the material in the die; however, this is not required. In this regard, a force too large can cause the material to pull too tight, which can cause the material to yield in tension. Similarly, a force too small can cause the material to not be pulled enough, which can cause for the material to yield in compression.
With continued reference to
In operation, when transfer plate 1 is at the top of its stroke, a controller 6 can give feedback to linear position transducer 7, providing information that its position is now zero; however, this is not required. Optionally, the programmed position set points can be any value less than, greater than, or equal to zero. As can be appreciated, other or alternative numerical scales can be used. At each set point, a force is optionally entered that corresponds with that position. As such, a force value can also be entered for initial contact, or “zero” position.
As press slide 10 descends and makes contact with binder 12, the cushion can begin to build pressure until it reaches an initial contact force value; however, this is not required. As the cushion reaches the initial contact force value, it can begin to stabilize until press slide 10 continues to descend and until the feedback from the linear position transducer 10 on transfer plate 7 signals the controller 6 that a next set point has been reached. As the next position is reached, the cushion can relieve pressure or increase pressure depending on whether the force entered is increasing or decreasing from the contact force. As such, it can approach stabilization until the next set point is reached. As used herein, the term ‘cushion platform’ includes any component of the cushion assembly configured to move in response to pressure applied thereto by the press slide 10.
At the bottom of a stroke, transfer plate 1 can be delayed such that it would hold a particular position for a specified amount of time before ascending again; however, this is not required.
The linked graphs in
With continued reference to the top graph in
With reference now to the bottom graph in
The pulsing force of the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can reduce the average force required to produce a part; however, this is not required. The pulsating effect of the present cushion device provides several unique advantages such as by reducing the average force required to produce a part, thus savings on tonnage required of a press are incurred, which in turn provides additional advantages such as lengthening the life of the press as well as allowing for better part formation. In addition, the pulsating effect of the present press cushion device permits material to flow better in die stamping applications; however, this is not required.
The pressure can be translated into force from a simple pressure force equation where force can be equal to pressure divided by area. The area can be derived from the sum of the hydraulic piston areas used in the manifold.
Referring now to
The pulsating effect of the cushion can be induced by a programmed curve inside the controller; however, this is not required. The curve can be adjustable with the programmed force (i.e., the pulsing frequency can be carried out with all the force changes throughout the stroke of the press). As such, the force curve can be controlled; however, this is not required.
In one non-limiting method of control, an operator can enter target force values into the controller wherein the controller can adjust the valve in order to achieve the programmed setting; however, this is not required. During these force changes and stabilizations, the curve can oscillate. As can be appreciated, this oscillation is an effect of the programming of the curve within the controller and the curve is automatically adjusted based on the values entered.
Another or alternative non-limiting method of control utilizes gap control wherein an operator does not enter any specific forces, yet the controller changes forces based on feedback calculations. As can be appreciated, the gap control method eliminates the need of programming, which reduces the amount of tryout time as well as any operator input error.
Referring again to
According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the frequency and amplitude can be set by the operator to manipulate and change to satisfy results; however, this is not required. Thus, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device can be used for a wide variety of applications. As can be appreciated, a smaller frequency and amplitude can result in more of a resonance which can lead to a lower force required to form. Similarly, a larger frequency and amplitude can result in less die adhesion which can lead to better material flow. However, when a larger frequency and amplitude are used, the electro-proportional valve can become unstable. In view of this disadvantage, a limit can be place on the control to eliminate the chance of the valve going unstable during operation; however, this is not required. As can be appreciated, this method of control does not require a linear transducer on the press slide.
Referring now to
Another method of gap control can be used in conjunction with the pulsing variable force control of the press cushion device; however, this is not required.
Referring now to
At contact, feedback from these two devices can be “zeroed” in the controller at S1; however, this is not required. As can be appreciated, this value can be any number set by the controller. Material thickness can then be accounted for and from this value, entered at S2; however, this is not required. Similarly, a tolerance can optionally be generated to how much the position feedbacks can deviate from each other S3; however, this is not required. Material thickness is offset between the press slide transducer and the transfer plate transducer by the controller at S4; however, this is not required. These tolerance values can be stored in the controller at S5; however, this is not required. As the press slide continues to descend and drives the transfer plate down, the force can drop until the position feedbacks fall out of tolerance S6. At this point, the controller can adjust the valve settings to increase force in the cushion in order to close the gap back into tolerance S7.
After the gap falls back into the tolerance range, the controller can then begin to adjust the valve to relieve pressure S8 until the gap falls out of tolerance again. This loop can repeat one or more times until the condition to return the cushion to the top of the stroke is satisfied at S9; however, this is not required. To sense that the cushion needs to return, the feedback from the press slide position can be used. When the velocity changes directions, the press begins to ascend, signaling the cushion to do so as well S10. The program can then loop back to the beginning or end depending on the operator preference; however, this is not required.
The tolerance of the gap can be programmed to automatically adjust throughout the stroke of the press for the purpose of accounting for normal thickening that takes place during the formation and drawing of materials; however, this is not required.
Having the proper thickness tolerance is desirable to the operation of the gap control method. As a part is drawn, the blank perimeter can shrink in length as material is flowed over the punch. This results in the flange around the part (blank perimeter) to thicken. Just as material thins when it is stretched, it also thickens when it is compressed. The thickening of a part should be taken into effect when running the cushion in gap control method as the system could undesirably confuse material thickening to a wrinkle and increase the force rapidly if the tolerance is not kept within the proper boundaries. The wrinkle thickness of the part can be noticeably thicker than a thickened part; however, this is not required.
The gap control method can yield the best possible result with non-conventional methods of sheet metal forming. A part can potentially still wrinkle or split due to geometry or material properties. According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the novel press cushion device can compensate to the best possible part in the current operating conditions. Other factors (e.g., die surface finish, lubrication, machining tolerances, temperature, etc.) can also add significant effects to the formability of the part.
With further reference to
With continued reference to
The controller can be programmed to give certain feedback based on the type of input and target; however, this is not required. For example, the voltage can be adjusted to the valve such that it can move the spool to a specified position; however, this is not required. Thus, adjusting the valve can effectively change the orifice size that the oil runs through. By opening the valve, more oil can be permitted to flow through thereby decreasing the pressure in the cushion. In contrast, by closing the valve, oil flow through the valve can be restricted which can result in an increase in pressure/force.
In use, oil can be pushed through the electro-proportional valve by the press moving downward and driving the oil through the electro-proportional valve; however, this is not required. In this regard, the cushion assembly also optionally comprises one or more hydraulic cylinders which can be directly driven by a transfer pin or can work as a unit against a transfer plate that is optionally being driven down by transfer pins; however, this is not required. As such, the fluid has no alternative exit except to exit through said electro-proportional valve. Generally, this is the principle behind the force control method of the present invention; the pressure in the manifold can be controlled because it only has one path out (except for a relief valve that can be present for safety purposes) through the electro-proportional valve.
As previously described, two other or alternative methods or means for measuring and monitoring position of the cylinders or transfer plate can be utilized in any control method; however, this is not required. The two methods of measurement described provide several unique advantages, such as the reduction in space required for installation and cost and installation time and constraints.
Another or alternative non-limiting method of measurement can be using an optional flow meter. The flow meter can optionally be located in the path between the cylinder manifold and the electro-proportional valve; however, this is not required. Depending on the configuration of the system, the data received can be noisy and supply a varied reading between actual and calculated values. However, by knowing how much fluid has passed through at any point in time, the velocity can be calculated and the position can be determined from the velocity and time calculation. Additionally, the flow meter can result in some pressure losses that can lead to the force control to be affected at lower pressures.
Although these two methods of measurement as described might not be as accurate as a linear position transducer, these methods can be a more economical choice for systems that do not required such accuracy.
Sheet metal simulation software can be effective in simulated real world stamping applications. Here, the simulation data can optionally be directly outputted to a controller through a HMI 39; however, this is not required. A controller 40 can optionally read the data and be able to match the same curve generated in the sheet metal simulation. As such, the present method using sheet metal simulation software can be effective in reducing tryout time and increasing part quality. However, this method can be limited by extraneous variables (e.g., material properties used in simulation, actual material properties, press slide velocity, die surface conditions, lubrication, physical die geometry, etc.). However, the present non-limiting method using sheet metal simulation can be very effective and cost saving.
Generally, when using sheet metal simulation software, the data can optionally be transferred to a controller; however, this is not required. In one non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the data can be transferred to the controller by the use of a portable USB drive, wirelessly or by some other means; however, this is not required. As can be appreciated, other types of data storage devices can be used. As such, the data transferred to the controller can be in any format recognized by the controller such that the controller can properly interpret the data. In another non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the data can be in Excel™ column format; however, this is not required. The data can then be saved and stored as a part number in the HMI to be recalled in a future run instead of having to import data each time; however, this is not required. Using stored data in the manufacturing of a part in the future can be time effective and cost effective.
Another or alternative non-limiting method of control is for the system to automatically learn what it takes to make a part. In this regard, the controller can be programmed to record instances of pressure spikes and gap spikes, and then go back through the program to adjust variables accordingly for the purpose of producing the best part possible; however, this is not required. As can be appreciated, this can take several iterations and can still result in a part that is not completely up to the quality expectations if the part geometry is not necessarily feasible.
Generally, the method of automatic learning can work by initially placing a blank in the die, and subsequently stamping the part; however, this is not required. As can be appreciated, more or fewer steps can be involved in the drawing of a part. However, if the part were to split part way through (e.g., due to too much pressure), there can be a noticeable pressure relief spike; however, this is not required. At that point, the controller can optionally go back and adjust the force before the spike to eliminate the split (e.g., by reducing the pressure). As can be appreciated, this method can take several iterations and several part tryouts in order for the part to be obtained. Similarly, if there was a noticeable gap increase, it can be assumed that the material wrinkled, resulting in increased gap around the part. The controller can optionally calculate the location where this occurred and, for example, increase the force variable as necessary in this location; however, this is not required. In addition, this method can also be limited by traditional variables (e.g., material properties, die surfaces, repeatable lubrication methods, press velocity, etc.); however, this is not required. It should be appreciated that the method of automatic learning can include iterative adjustments to the force in response to both detected wrinkles and detected tears to generate a force profile that eliminates wrinkles or tears all else being equal (e.g., consistent blank material properties, press forces etc.)
According to one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device can optionally be configured to operate with or without a HPU. Instead, the device can be supplied oil from a pressurized reservoir device; however, this is not required. As such, fluid can flow through a proportional relief valve and into the reservoir where it then could optionally be supplied back to the cushion upon return of the transfer plate; however, this is not required. However, heat generation can be reduced here due to the regenerative nature of the device, but is not necessarily eliminated altogether therefore necessitating the need for an auxiliary cooling system; however, this is not required. Thus, the present invention can provide benefits of less energy consumption and losses thereby creating a more economical press cushion device.
One non-limiting advantage of the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention over previous devices is that the force can optionally be controlled and pulsated simultaneously; however, this is not required. As such, a pulsating cushion force can reduce adhesion between the blank material of the part and the surfaces of the upper die and the lower die. By reducing adhesion, the friction between the blank and the die can also be reduced thus allowing more optimum material flow; however, this is not required. In addition, the pulsating force can provide significant benefits to the lubrication layer between the upper die surface and lower die surface and the blank material of the part. Here, a pulsating cushion can reduce the average force while maintaining the maximum force required to effectively draw/form a part without wrinkling or splitting depending on part geometry and material properties. Thus, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention provides improved quality of parts using current systems and processes; however, this is not required. Additionally, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can eliminate the need for further processing of parts, which results in a savings of both time and money.
Another non-limiting advantage of the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention over previous devices is the unique means of measuring linear position of the transfer plate. In this regard, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can optionally use pressure rise in an accumulator to back calculate for linear position; however, this is not required. However, a limitation can be possibly noisy data received in the pressure rise measurement which can cause for an inaccurate linear position reading. As such, the measurement device can be most effectively utilized on a cushion device that does not require a HPU. This method of measurement optionally omits the need for a linear measurement device to be attached to a cushion assembly. In addition, the cushion can optionally be run without a transfer plate; however, this is not required. In this situation, there can be an optional hydraulic cylinder underneath each hole in the bolster (i.e., located on top of the press bed) wherein a transfer pin optionally placed in any hole of the bolster can make contact with the hydraulic piston directly; however this is not required.
Yet another non-limiting advantage of the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention over previous devices is the type of control method available to be used in some non-limiting configurations. In this regard, the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention can optionally utilize a method of gap control in which the cushion can maintain a constant gap between the upper die and lower die throughout the stroke of the press; however, this is not required. When the upper die makes initial contact with the binder and clamps the blank material, the cushion can maintain a constant gap throughout the stroke of the press as well as optionally accommodate for thickening in material; however, this is not required. The gap control method can use the minimum force required to maintain a gap and increasing and decreasing force when necessary to maintain the gap; however, this is not required. The present method optionally permits for material gather as much as possible for the purpose of reducing the change of splitting, while still clamping the material tightly enough to reduce the change of wrinkling. In addition, the present non-limiting gap control method can optionally eliminate the need of programming which can reduce the amount of tryout time as well as any operator input error.
Still yet another non-limiting advantage of the variable pulsating, gap control, auto-learning press cushion device of the present invention over previous devices is the ability to transfer simulation data to the controller. In sheet metal manufacturing, sheet metal simulation has been a well demonstrated method of effectively simulating parts. In simulations, the binder reaction force can be calculated and the data from a said calculation can be fed into a cushion controller for the purpose of optimizing a force curve for making a part. However, this method can be limited by variables outside the simulation (e.g., die surface quality, lubrication, and actual material properties, etc.). If the actual material properties are known, the method of the present invention can be very effective. Similar to the gap control method, the present method can also reduce tryout time as well as elimination of risks from programming mistakes; however, this is not required.
Referring now to
For example,
Returning to
If, in process step S121, it is determined that the part had split during the stroke, then the force can be reduced in the steps (or portions of the press cycle) leading up to the position at which the split occurred. Thus, if a split is detected at process step S120, the method proceeds to process step S122 where it is determined if the part wrinkled before the split. If yes, the method proceeds, via process step S124 to process step S126 where the controller adjusts to increase the force prior to the wrinkle occurring for the next press cycle (e.g., for forming a subsequent part). If the part did not wrinkle before it split as determined in process step S122, then the method proceeds to process step S128 where the controller adjusts to decrease force prior to the split occurring for the next press cycle (e.g., for forming a subsequent part).
It should be understood that if no split or tear has been determined in process steps S121 and S124, respectively, the method proceeds from process step to process step S130, bypassing process steps S122, S126 and S128. Likewise, after any adjustment of force in process steps S126 and/or S128, the method proceeds to process step S130. In process step 130, it is determined whether the press slide is returning to the top of the stroke. If yes, then the method proceeds to process step S132 and the valve opens to allow the hydraulic cylinder to return the cushion platform. If no, the method reverts to process step S121. The controller can continue to make pressure adjustments until the desired force profile is reached or if no splits or wrinkles have occurred. The operator can override any of the controller generated set points, however, this is not required.
Controller adjustments made to the force profile after forming a first part are then used to form a second part. As will be appreciated, the force adjustments, over time, tend to reduce and/or eliminate malformation of parts.
Turning now to
The particular reference has been described with reference to a number of different embodiments. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the exact details of construction, operation, exact materials or embodiments shown and described, as obvious modifications and equivalents will be apparent to one skilled in the art. It is believed that many modifications and alterations to the embodiments disclosed will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the detailed description of the invention. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention claims priority on U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/409,639 filed Oct. 18, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention is directed to metal forming devices. The invention finds particular attention to sheet metal stamping for automotive, commercial, and residential applications, and is described with particular reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that the present exemplary embodiment is also amenable to other like applications.
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