This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-056669, filed Mar. 19, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference wherein in its entirety.
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a variable valve apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
Description of the Related Art
Conventionally there is well known a mechanism or an apparatus that varies a lift amount of an engine valve. WO2014/030226 discloses an example of an apparatus that varies a projecting amount of a cam in a cam shaft. This apparatus is provided with a cam base member rotated by a drive force from a crankshaft and a cam lobe member swingably connected to the cam base member. The cam lobe member is selectively positioned in any one of a retracting position of being stored in the cam base member and a projecting position of projecting radially outside from the cam base member according to an operating state of a hydraulic system. In the apparatus according to WO2014/030226, the lift amount of the engine valve is varied with this structure.
Here, an explanation will be made of the movement of a cam lobe member 102 to a cam base member 104 in the apparatus according to WO2014/030226 with reference to
When supply of oil to a path upstream of a pin acting on the cam lobe member 102 is stopped not to apply a predetermined hydraulic pressure to the pin and the cam lobe member 102 is fixed in the projecting position to the cam base member 104, the cam lobe member 102 presses a rocker arm, thereby making it possible to open a valve (refer to a solid line in
When the hydraulic pressure applied to the pin is released, as long as the cam lobe member 102 does not become in the fixed state, the cam lobe member 102 continues to swing to the cam base member 104.
As schematically illustrated in
Therefore an object of the present invention is to provide a variable valve apparatus for an internal combustion engine that can suppress a rapid movement of a cam lobe member to a cam base member.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a variable valve apparatus for an internal combustion engine that varies a lift amount of an engine valve comprising: a cam base member that is provided in a camshaft and rotates with rotation of the camshaft; a cam lobe member that has a cam part and is provided to be movable between a projecting position where the cam part projects radially out of the cam base member and a retreat position where the cam part is retreated from a front surface of the cam base member in relation to the cam base member; a first resilient member for urging the cam lobe member toward the projecting position; a movement control apparatus that is configured to control the movement of the cam lobe member to the cam base member and includes a drive member provided for driving the cam lobe member and a pressing part provided to add a pressing force to the drive member, the drive member being provided to be fixed to the cam lobe member and to be movable to the cam base member; and a fixing apparatus for selectively fixing the cam lobe member to the projecting position, wherein when the cam lobe member is in a non-fixing state to the cam base member, the cam lobe member is moved from the projecting position to the retreat position with the drive member being pressed by contact of the drive member with the pressing part.
According to the above aspect of the present invention, the cam lobe member provided to the cam base member is moved from the projecting position to the retreat position when the drive member on which the cam lobe member is fixed is pressed by contact with the pressing part. Since the drive member is separate from the cam lobe member designed to act on the engine valve, the degree of freedom in the design is high. Therefore according to the above aspect of the present invention, optimizing the shape of the drive member can produce an excellent effect of being capable of suppressing the rapid movement of the cam lobe member to the cam base member.
Preferably when the cam lobe member is fixed by the fixing apparatus, the cam lobe member starts to come in contact with the engine valve or a follower member connected to the engine valve during a period from a contact start to a contact end of the drive member with the pressing part with rotation of the camshaft.
Preferably when the cam lobe member is fixed by the fixing apparatus, the cam lobe member is released from a contact state with the engine valve or a follower member connected to the engine valve during a period from a contact start to a contact end of the drive member with the pressing part with rotation of the camshaft.
Preferably the pressing part is urged to press the drive member by a second resilient member.
Preferably the urging force of the second resilient member to the drive member is larger than the urging force of the first resilient member to the cam lobe member.
Preferably when the cam lobe member is fixed in the projecting position by the fixing apparatus, the drive member moves the pressing part against the urging force of the second resilient member by contact with the pressing part.
Preferably the variable valve apparatus for the internal combustion engine further comprises a regulating mechanism for regulating a movable range of the cam lobe member to the cam base member.
Preferably the cam lobe member is formed to have a forward end or backward end in both sides of the cam part in the rotating direction of the camshaft and is movable around a supporting point member to the cam base member, and the supporting point member is arranged in any one of the forward end and the backward end.
Preferably the cam lobe member and the drive member are connected through the supporting point member, and the drive member includes a concave curved part closer to the supporting point member and a convex curved part away from the concave curved part in the circumferential direction.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments (with reference to the attached drawings).
Hereinafter an explanation will be made of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The variable valve apparatus 1 includes a camshaft S. The camshaft S an only part of which is shown in
The cam unit CU is provided with a cam base member 10 having five sub cam base members 10s, two cam lobe members 12 and two drive members 14. It should be noted that the number of the cam lobe members 12 (or the drive members 14) provided for the cam base member 10 is not limited to two, and may be any number (for example one). The sub cam base members 10s line up in an axial direction of the camshaft S and are connected to each other by an inner shaft part 10a. The inner shaft part 10a is provided along the axis of the camshaft S. The cam base member 10 is larger in diameter than the inner shaft part 10a. The sub cam base member 10s is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape and has a base circle part BC (shape section corresponding to a reference base circle) with a substantially circular shape as viewed in the axial direction of the camshaft S (hereinafter, simply called “axial direction”). The base circle part BC corresponds to an outer peripheral surface of the cam base member 10. It should be noted that in the present specification, a direction perpendicular to the axial direction or a direction in parallel thereto about the axis of the camshaft S is called “radial direction”. Further, a direction around the axis of the camshaft S or a direction similar thereto is called “circumferential direction”.
The cam lobe member 12 is arranged to be interposed between the sub cam base members 10s adjacent in the axial direction thereto. The cam lobe member 12 is structured to press the corresponding rocker arm R to lift the corresponding valve V (that is, move the corresponding valve V to open). Specifically the cam lobe member 12 is formed in a substantially U-letter shape in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the camshaft S (refer to
The drive member 14 is arranged to be interposed between the sub cam base members 10s adjacent in the axial direction thereto. The drive member 14 is fixed to the cam lobe member 12 paired thereto to interpose one sub cam base member 10s between the drive member 14 and the cam lobe member 12.
The cam lobe member 12 is connected fixedly to the drive member 14 by a support shaft (a supporting point member) 16. The drive member 14 has a shape approximately corresponding to the cam lobe member 12. Specifically the drive member 14 is formed in a substantially U-letter shape in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the camshaft S (refer to
The support shaft 16 is arranged to connect the forward end 12b of the cam lobe member 12 and the forward end 14b of the drive member 14. It should be noted that the support shaft 16 is arranged in such a manner that the axis of the support shaft 16 is in parallel to the axis of the camshaft S. The support shaft 16 is inserted into a through hole 10b provided in the sub cam base member 10s between the cam lobe member 12 and the drive member 14 paired thereto, and is provided to be movable to the cam base member 10. As a result, the cam lobe member 12 and the drive member 14 are movable to the cam base member 10, particularly about the support shaft 16.
Further, a stopper pin 18 projecting in the axial direction is fixed to the cam lobe member 12. The stopper pin 18 is a rod-shaped member. Here, the stopper pin 18 projects from the vicinity of the forward end 12b of the cam lobe member 12 to a side different from the associated drive member 14. It should be noted that the stopper pin 18 is also provided in parallel to the axis of the camshaft S as similar to the support shaft 16. The stopper pin 18 is inserted in a guide hole (elongated hole) 10c of the sub cam base member 10s in a side different from the associated drive member 14 and projects in the axial direction. The guide hole 10c is designed to define a range (movable range) where the cam lobe member 12 and the drive member 14 are allowed to move to the cam base member 10, and the stopper pin 18 can move from one end to the other end of the guide hole 10c along the longitudinal direction thereof. Since the movement of the cam lobe member 12 and the movement of the drive member 14 are regulated within the movable range of the stopper pin 18 in the guide hole 10c, the guide hole 10c and the stopper pin 18 constitute a regulating mechanism for regulating the movable range of the cam lobe member 12 to the cam base member 10. Therefore the cam lobe member 12 and the drive member 14 are swingable to the cam base member 10 within the movable range of the stopper pin 18 in the guide hole 10c.
A first spring (first resilient member) 19 is arranged on an axial outside end surface of each of the sub cam base members 10s at both the sides of the five sub cam base members 10s. The first spring 19 is arranged to urge the stopper pin 18 in a direction for projecting the cam part 12a of the cam lobe member 12 radially outside from the outer peripheral surface of the cam base member 10. It should be noted that the first spring 19 is provided around a shaft part 19a provided to project from the cam base member 10, and one end thereof presses a fixed shaft part 19b provided to project from the cam base member 10 and the other end urges the stopper pin 18. Therefore, with this first spring 19, the cam lobe member 12 is urged toward the projecting position where the cam part 12a projects radially from the cam base member 10. This structure is true of the drive member 14 fixed to the cam lobe member 12.
Further, pressing apparatuses 20 are provided radially outside of the drive members 14. In the present embodiment, the pressing apparatuses 20 are provided on a cylinder head CH. It should be noted that the pressing apparatus 20 is not limited to be provided on the cylinder head CH, but may be provided in the other location. The pressing apparatus 20 has a lifter (pressing part) 20a provided to be contactable with or to be able to abut on the drive member 14 in such a manner as to be able to apply a pressing force to the drive member 14. The lifter 20a is arranged in a boss member 20b as a tubular guide member, and is supported by a second spring (resilient member) 20c in the boss member 20b to be movable forward/backward to the cam base member 10. The lifter 20a is structured with an axial dimension longer than the lateral width of the drive member 14, making it possible to continue to apply the pressing force to the sub cam base members 10s at both the sides of the drive member 14. As a result, when the drive member 14 rotates with rotation of the camshaft S to cause the pressed part 14a of the drive member 14 to start to come in contact with the lifter 20a, the pressed part 14a is subjected to the pressing force from the lifter 20a. Since the urging force of the second spring 20c to the drive member 14 through the lifter 20a is larger than the urging force from the first spring 19, when the pressed part 14a of the drive member 14 starts to come in contact with the lifter 20a to further rotate, the drive member 14 is moved from the projecting position where the pressed part 14a projects radially outside of the cam base member 10 to the retreat position where the pressed part 14a retreats radially inside from the outer peripheral surface of the cam base member 10. In addition, when the pressed part 14a further rotates, the pressed part 14a comes out of the contact state with the lifter 20a and the drive member 14 returns back to the projecting position.
The pressed part 14a of the drive member 14, particularly the outer peripheral surface 14o is formed such that the cam lobe member 12 can smoothly swing around the support shaft 16. The pressed part 14a has a concave curved part 14f (closer to the support shaft 16), a convex curved part 14g and a transition part 14h extending therebetween. The concave curved part 14f, the transition part 14h and the convex curved part 14g are arranged to line up along the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the drive member 14. Therefore the concave curved part 14f is separated from the convex curved part 14g in the circumferential direction of the cam lobe member 12. The transition part 14h can be formed to connect the concave curved part 14f and the convex curved part 14g and to be fitted in the base circle part BC. The concave curved part 14f is closer to the support shaft 16 than the convex curved part 14g. In the example illustrated herein, the concave curved part 14f is positioned in the forward side in the rotating direction (in the rotating direction of the camshaft S) of the transition part 14h and the convex curved part 14g is positioned in the backward side in the rotating direction of the transition part 14h. As a result, when the lifter 20a of the pressing apparatus 20 presses the drive member 14 toward a radial inside of the cam shaft S along the concave curved part 14f of the pressed part 14a, the drive member 14 moves toward the retreat position (refer to
As described above, since the cam lobe member 12 is fixed on the drive member 14, when the drive member 14 is moved from the projecting position to the retreat position, the cam lobe member 12 also is, as illustrated in
An explanation will be further made of a reciprocal motion (swinging motion) of the cam lobe member 12 and the drive member 14 to the cam base member 10 within a given range as described above, with reference to
As apparent from the figure, when the pressed part 14a of the drive member 14 is pressed by the lifter 20a, since the drive member 14 moves from the projecting position to the retreat position, the position of the lifter 20a does not change. As a result, since the cam lobe member 12 interlocking with the drive member 14 moves likewise from the projecting position to the retreat position, only the outer peripheral surface of the cam base member 10 comes in sliding contact with the rocker arm R, and the valve V is kept on being closed. It should be noted that the reciprocal motion (swinging motion) of the cam lobe member 12 and the drive member 14 to the cam base member 10 within a given range as illustrated in
Further, there is provided the fixing apparatus 24 for selectively fixing the cam lobe member 12 to the cam base member 10. With the fixing apparatus 24, the cam lobe member 12 (and the drive member 14) can selectively take the state (fixing state) where the cam lobe member 12 is fixed to the cam base member 10 and the state (non-fixing state or free state) where the cam lobe member 12 is non-fixed to the cam base member 10. The movement of the cam lobe member 12 and the movement of the drive member 14 when the cam lobe member 12 is in the non-fixing state are performed as already explained with reference to
The movement of the cam lobe member 12 and the movement of the drive member 14 when the cam lobe member 12 is in the fixing state by the fixing apparatus 24 are illustrated in
Here, an explanation will be made of the fixing mechanism or fixing apparatus 24 for fixing the cam lobe member 12 to the cam base member 10 with reference to
An inner shaft part 10a axially extends, and an oil passage T1 is formed along the axis of the inner shaft part 10a. The axial oil passage T1 is connected to a radial oil passage T2 extending from the axial direction to the radial direction outside. The radial oil passage T2 further axially extends to the cam lobe member 12-side.
An oil control valve CV that is controllable by an electric control unit (ECU) as a control apparatus is provided in the upstream side of the oil passage T1. When the oil control valve CV opens, the oil supplied from an unillustrated oil pan by an oil pump P can flow in the supply oil passage T1. The oil pump P is a mechanical pump interlocking with the crank shaft of the internal combustion engine, but may be an electrical pump.
The ECU is substantially configured as a computer including a computation processing device (for example, CPU), a memory device (for example, ROM and RAM), an A/D converter, an input interface, an output interface and the like. Various sensors are connected electrically to the input interface. The ECU electrically outputs operating signals or drive signals from the output interface such that a smooth drive or operation of the internal combustion engine is performed according to preset programs and the like, based on signals from the various sensors. In this way, the ECU controls an operation of an unillustrated fuel injection valve and the like, and besides, the oil control valve CV. Here, an explanation will be specifically made of some of the sensors. There is provided an engine rotating speed sensor 30 for detecting engine rotating speeds. In addition, there is provided an engine load sensor 32 for detecting engine loads. It should be noted that a throttle opening sensor, an accelerator pedal position sensor, an air flow meter, an intake pressure sensor or the like may be used as the engine load sensor 32.
The fixing apparatus 24 has a plurality of pins acting on the cam lobe member 12. Here, three pins 24a, 24b, 24c are used for fixing one cam lobe member 12. The three pins 24a, 24b, 24c are serially arranged in the order from the pin closer to the oil passage T1 in the flow passage direction. The pin 24c in the deepest side is urged to a radial oil passage T2-side by a spring 24s. With the urging force by the spring 24s, the pins 24b, 24c are positioned to be subjected to shear forces from the cam base member 10 and the cam lobe member 12 as illustrated in
A fixing pin hole 12j of the cam lobe member 12 is provided in the backward end 12c of the cam lobe member 12, and is designed to have a size in which the middle pin 24b of the three pins is accommodated exactly therein. A pin hole 10f of the sub cam base member 10s in the corresponding drive member 14-side has an axial width longer than the axial width of the pin 24a. Further, a pin hole 10g of the sub cam base member 10s in the first spring 19-side is formed in a size in which the pin 24c is substantially accommodated exactly therein when the spring 24s is compressed.
As illustrated in
On the other hand, at the time of stopping the drive of the rocker arm R by the cam lobe member 12, the ECU controls the oil control valve CV to open. Therefore as illustrated by an arrow in
In addition, the hydraulic pressure is released (supply of hydraulic pressures of a predetermined value or more is stopped), and when the cam lobe member 12 reaches the projecting position and the fixing pin hole 12j of the cam lobe member 12 is axially aligned to the pin hole 10f and the pin hole 10g, the pin 24a, 24b, 24c are moved by the urging force of the spring 24s. Therefore the cam lobe member 12 is maintained in a fixing state to the projecting position (refer to
An explanation will be made of a switching control of the oil control valve CV with reference to a flow chart in
When at step S1301 a positive determination is made because of the predetermined operating state, at step S1303 supply of the hydraulic pressure is ON. That is, the ECU controls the oil control valve CV to open to a first predetermined opening (for example, a fully opened state). The first predetermined opening may be fixed or variable, and is set to supply the hydraulic pressure of the predetermined value or more. As a result, the fixing pins 24a, 24b, 24c of the cam unit CU are, for example, in the states in
On the other hand, when at step S1301 a negative determination is made because of the non-predetermined operating state, at step S1305 supply of the hydraulic pressure is OFF. That is, the ECU controls the oil control valve CV to close to a second predetermined opening (for example, a fully closed state). The second predetermined opening may be fixed or variable, and is set such that the hydraulic pressure of a predetermined value or more is not supplied to the pin 24a, particularly such that the cam lobe member can be returned to the state illustrated in
Here, back to
Here, attention will be focused on
The concave shape of the concave curved part 14f is recessed in a concave shape radially more than a section (for example, refer to a sign M1 in
Further, in the above embodiment, the cam lobe member 12 is formed as a member separate from the drive member 14 for driving the cam lobe member 12 (although fixed to each other). Therefore it is possible to design the shape of the cam part 12a of the cam lobe member 12 and the shape of the pressed part 14a of the drive member 14 respectively at a higher degree of freedom. Accordingly it is possible to make the opening period of the valve V very long by the cam part 12a of the cam lobe member 12. Geometrically an action angle by the cam lobe member 12 can be increased to 360° at a crank angle CA. This is because when the cam lobe member 12 is in the non-fixed state, the cam lobe member 12 may be only retreated not to abut on the rocker arm, and it is allowed for a section of the cam lobe member 12 not opposing the rocker arm to project radially from the surface of the cam base member.
In addition, in the above embodiment, when the cam lobe member 12 is in the non-fixing state, the cam lobe member 12 swings only during a partial section in such a manner as to retreat only the cam part 12a. As a result, a period in which the cam lobe member 12 does not swing, that is, is in the projecting position, can be made long, although it depends upon the action angle. Therefore when the cam lobe member 12 is fixed by the fixing mechanism, the fixation possible period can be sufficiently secured.
Further, not the valve spring for the valve V but a special spring as the first spring 19 for the swinging of the cam lobe member 12 is used. Accordingly by selecting a resilient member having an appropriate resilient force as the first spring 19, it is possible to enhance the motion followability of the cam lobe member 12 when the engine rotating speed has a high rotation.
As described above, the first embodiment has been explained, but various alternations thereof are made possible. First, in the first embodiment, the support shaft 16 is disposed to be associated with the forward end 12b of the cam lobe member 12. However, the support shaft 16 may be arranged in the backward end 12c of the cam lobe member 12. However, preferably as in the case of the first embodiment, the support shaft 16 is arranged in the forward end 12b of the cam lobe member 12. The arrangement of the support shaft 16 in the forward end 12b enables the movement to the cam base member 10 of each of the cam lobe member 12 and the drive member 14 immediately before reaching the projecting position to be more gradual than the arrangement thereof in the backward end 12c. Therefore as described above, it is possible to prevent the collision of the stopper pin more appropriately.
Further, in the above embodiment, the pin of the fixing apparatus acts on the cam lobe member 12. However, since the cam lobe member 12 and the drive member 14 are fixed to each other, the fixing apparatus may be structured such that the pin of the fixing apparatus acts on the drive member 14. This can likewise be applied to the first spring. Further, in the fixing apparatus 24, when the hydraulic pressure is positively applied, the cam lobe member 12 is made swingable. However, the fixing apparatus may be altered such that when the hydraulic pressure is not positively applied, the cam lobe member 12 is made swingable. It should be noted that the number of the fixing pins in one cam lobe member 12 in the fixing apparatus is not limited to three, but may be one, two, four or more. Further, in the above embodiment, the first spring is mounted in the position to open outside of the axial end of the cam unit CU. However, the first spring may be arranged inside of the cam unit CU or in any other place. The first spring may be formed of various kinds of springs such as a torsion spring, a coil spring or the like as a resilient member (urging member).
Next, an explanation will be made of a second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the variable valve apparatus of the present invention is applied to each of the intake valve and the exhaust valve. Hereinafter, only components characteristic in the second embodiment will be explained. Components identical to those already explained are referred to as identical reference signs, and the overlapping explanation is omitted.
In the first embodiment, the cam base member 10 has the outer peripheral surface corresponding to the shape of the base circle part BC, and the lift amount of the valve by the cam base member 10 is zero. However, the cam base member may have an outer peripheral surface corresponding to a lift amount (first lift amount) that is smaller than a lift amount (second lift amount) by the cam lobe member 12, but is not zero, and the second embodiment has a cam base member 10 structured to realize the above structure.
Further,
As illustrated in
Here,
In relation to the intake valve, since the lift curve by the cam lobe member 12 and the lift curve by the cam base member 10 overlap in the opening side, the support shaft 16, although not illustrated, is arranged in the closing-side end (that is, the backward end) 12c of the cam part 12a of the cam lobe member 12.
The arrangement position of the support shaft 16 is set to be selected to a side where a swinging angle (corresponding to the above lost angle α) of the cam lobe member 12 around the support shaft 16 between the projecting position and the retreat position is relatively small (refer to an angle β in
However, the cam unit of the exhaust valve, as illustrated in
It should be noted that as illustrated in
Embodiments of the present invention include not only the aforementioned embodiments but also all modifications and applications, and its equivalents contained in the concept of the present invention defined by its claims. Therefore the present invention should not be interpreted in a limiting manner, and may be applied to any other techniques within the scope of the concept of the present invention.
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2015-056669 | Mar 2015 | JP | national |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20160273412 A1 | Sep 2016 | US |