Patent Grant
11634937
The subject matter of this document relates to object detection and anti-entrapment for vehicles.
An illustrative assembly includes panels and a capacitive sensor. The panels are movable between an opened position and a closed position relative to an aperture of a vehicle body. The sensor is positioned on a panel such that at least a portion of the sensor will come into proximity or contact of a person or thing that is proximal to the closing edges of the panels as they are moving between an open position and closed position.
The various features and advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows.
Referring now to
Sensor 18 is part of an anti-entrapment system which includes a controller. Sensor 18 generally includes separated first and second electrically conductive conductors with a dielectric element therebetween. The conductors are set at different voltage potentials with respect to one another with one of the conductors typically being set at electrical ground. Sensor 18 has an associated capacitance which is a function of the different voltage potentials applied to the conductors. The capacitance of sensor 18 changes in response to the conductors being physically moved relative to one another such as when an object (either electrically conductive or non-conductive) touches sensor 18. Similarly, the capacitance of sensor 18 changes when an electrically conductive object comes into proximity with the conductor of sensor 18 that is not electrically grounded. As such, sensor 18 is operable to detect an object on sensor 18 (i.e., an object touching sensor 18) and/or the presence of an object near sensor 18 (i.e., an object in proximity to sensor 18).
The controller is in communication with sensor 18 to monitor the capacitance of sensor 18. When the capacitance of sensor 18 indicates that an object is near or is touching sensor 18 (i.e., an object is near or is touching vehicle body panel 16 to which sensor 18 is mounted), the controller controls lift gate 12 accordingly via cylinder 14. For instance, the controller controls lift gate 12 to halt movement in the closing direction when sensor 18 detects the presence of an object near sensor 18. In this case, the object may be a human such as a child and the controller halts the closing movement of lift gate 12 to prevent lift gate 12 from closing on the child. In this event, the controller may further control lift gate 12 to cause lift gate 12 to move in the opening direction in order to provide the child with room to move between the vehicle and lift gate 12 if needed. Instead of being mounted on body panel 16 as shown in
Referring now to
Lift gate assembly 20 differs from lift gate assembly 10 shown in
Like sensor 18, sensor 24 is part of an anti-entrapment system which includes a controller and is operable for detecting the presence of an electrically conductive object such as a human body part in proximity to sensor 24. Sensor 24 includes an electrically conductive conductor like the first conductor of sensor 18, but does not include another conductor like the second conductor of sensor 18. In general, the conductor of sensor 24 (i.e., sensor 24 itself) capacitively couples to an electrically conductive object which is in either proximity to or is touching sensor 24 while sensor 24 is driven with an electrical charge. The controller is in communication with sensor 24 to monitor the capacitive coupling of sensor 24 to the object. The controller determines that an object is in proximity to or is touching sensor 24 (when sensor 24 is exposed to contact) upon detecting the capacitive coupling of sensor 24 to the object. In turn, the controller controls lift gate 12 accordingly.
As sensor 24 is mounted to fascia panel 22 which is mounted to lift gate 12, sensor 24 is operable for detecting the presence of an electrically conductive object extending into the opening between lift gate 12 and the vehicle body when the object is proximal to fascia panel 22 (as opposed to when the object is proximal to vehicle body panel 16 as provided by sensor 18). As such, sensor 24 expands the anti-entrapment capability compared to that of lift gate assembly 10 for detecting the presence of an object in the travel path of lift gate 12. An example is that sensor 24, which is located within fascia panel 22, can detect the presence of a person standing under an open lift gate 12 to thereby prevent fascia panel 22 (and thereby lift gate 12) from contacting the person as lift gate 12 is closing. To this end, when detection occurs, the controller halts downward travel and reverses movement of lift gate 12 back to the opened position. If desired, sensor 24 and the controller can be configured to monitor for a person in close proximity to lift gate 12 to prevent lift gate 12 from opening. For example, this detection prevents a person such as a child from accidentally falling out of the vehicle when lift gate 12 is partially opened. An alternative location for sensor 24 can be along each outer edge of lift gate opening.
Referring now to
As shown in
Sensor 24 can be placed on the external surface of fascia panel 22 which directly faces the vehicle interior when lift gate 12 is closed. However, placement of sensor 24 on the interior surface of fascia panel 22 hides sensor 24 from user view and protects sensor 24 against potential damage. Sensor 24 can also be over-molded on any surface of fascia panel 22 allowing for additional protection from damage caused by assembly or other handling.
The strips of sensor 24 can be configured into other array patterns utilizing angle or curvature combinations that may better optimize object detection objectives. Sensor 24 can be tailored and applied in any deliberate pattern to customize and enhance object detection performance. The distance between each strip is sufficient to provide continuous object detection coverage across the surface of fascia panel 22. Other configurations in place of the strips of sensor 24 include a solid sheet of electrically conductive material such as copper or aluminum foil, a conductive array or screen that is stamped, woven, or braided, multiple conductive decal-like shapes placed about the interior surface of fascia panel 22 and electrically interconnected, etc. The strips of sensor 24 are fabricated from copper, but may be fabricated from other materials including carbon inks, fabrics, plastics, elastomers, or other metals like aluminum, brass, bronze, and the like. There are various known methods to achieve electrical conductivity in fabrics, plastics, and elastomers. The conductive material can be deposited onto the plastic or deposited into a carrier which is then inserted into the mold to form sensor 24.
As indicated above, the strips of sensor 24, which are electrically interconnected to one another, form a conductor which functions like a first conductive plate of a capacitor. Such a capacitor has a second conductive plate with the plates being separated from one another by a material such as a dielectric element. Unlike such a capacitor, sensor 24 is constructed without a second conductive plate and without a second conductive plate electrically connected to ground. Instead, the metal construction of lift gate 12 functions as the second conductive plate and provides shielding of sensor 24 from stray capacitive influence.
Alternatively, sensor 24 can be constructed to use multiple layers of conductors, each separated by a non-conductive material. A ground layer of conductive material placed behind the other layers can be used to provide extra shielding as necessary.
Fascia panel 22 made of a rigid material restricts sensor 24 from detecting electrically non-conductive objects. This is because the rigidness of fascia panel 22 prevents fascia panel 22 from displacing when an object touches fascia panel 22. In turn, sensor 24 is prevented from displacing toward the metal construction of lift gate 12 when the object touches fascia panel 22. As such, any change of the capacitance between sensor 24 and lift gate 12 does not occur as a result of an electrically non-conductive object touching fascia panel 22. For both electrically conductive and non-conductive object modes of detection, sensor 24 may be mounted to the external surface of fascia panel 22. In this case, an object (electrically conductive or non-conductive) touching sensor 24 triggers sensor 24 (i.e., causes a change in capacitance between sensor 24 and the metal construction of lift gate 12) due to sensor 24 compressing (i.e., sensor 24 displacing towards lift gate 12). Likewise, sensor 24 mounted to the internal surface of fascia panel 22 can detect an object touching fascia panel 22 when fascia panel 22 is flexible and/or compressible to the degree required to allow sensor 24 to displace towards lift gate 12.
Referring now to
To this end, an element (e.g., a strip) of sensor 24 is positioned on the interior surface of an edge region of fascia panel 22 adjacently along an edge of lift gate 12 and is separated from lift gate 12 by a spacer 26. Spacer 26 is constructed of an electrically non-conductive material and is compressible. As described above, the metal construction of lift gate 12 provides the electrical ground used to shield sensor 24 from stray capacitive influence. This configuration is an example of extending fascia panel 22 to the extreme edges of lift gate 12 to sense the presence of an object in the travel path of lift gate 12 when lift gate 12 closes. Spacer 26 made of a compressible material such as open or closed cell foam rubber or other like materials allows the edge region of sensor 24 (and the edge region of fascia panel 22) to move spatially closer to the metal ground of lift gate 12 upon an object touching the edge region of fascia panel 22. Spacer 26 can be continuous or comprised of smaller sections arranged along the area to be sensed which allows movement of the edge regions of fascia panel 22 and sensor 24 when pressure is applied.
Sensor 24 can detect electrically conductive objects which are in proximity to or touching the edge region of sensor 24 and can detect electrically non-conductive objects which are touching the edge region of sensor 24. In particular, sensor 24 can detect an electrically conductive object proximal to the edge region of sensor 24 due to the capacitive coupling of the edge region of sensor 24 with the object. Sensor 24 can detect an object (electrically conductive or non-conductive) touching the edge region of fascia panel due to the capacitance of sensor 24 with the metal construction of lift gate 12 changing as a result of the edge region of sensor 24 being displaced from the touch in the direction of lift gate 12. Spacer 26 compresses to allow the edge region of sensor 24 to displace towards lift gate 12.
Applications of sensor 24 are not limited to fascia panel 22 of lift gate assemblies 20, 40. Likewise, in addition to detecting the presence of an object for anti-entrapment purposes, sensor 24 can be positioned behind any electrically non-conductive surface and be configured to detect the presence, position, or motion (e.g., gesture) of an electrically conductive object such as a human. Sensor 24 and its controller can serve as an interface between a human user and a vehicle to enable the user to control various vehicle functions requiring human input. The controller can be configured to have sensitivity to detect the position of a person's finger in proximity to sensor 24 prior to carrying out an actual key press or other type of user activation. For example, it may be desired to initiate a sequence of operations by positioning a finger or hand in proximity to a series of sensors 24 (“touch pads”) followed by a specific activation command once a sought out function has been located. The initial finger positioning can be to illuminate keypads or the like associated with the series of sensors 24 to a first intensity without activation of a command. As the touch area expands from increased finger pressure, the signal increases thereby allowing the controller to distinguish between positioning and activation command functions. Confirmation of the selection, other than activation of the desired function, can be configured to increase illumination intensity, audible feedback, or tactile feedback such as vibration. Each sensor 24 (“touch area”) can have a different audio and feel to differentiate the touch area operation.
Referring now to
Sensors 24 of vehicle door assembly 50 are each formed by their own conductor and are not directly electrically connected to one another. As such, each sensor 24 defines a unique touch pad associated with a unique touch area in which object detection of one sensor 24 does not depend on object detection of another sensor 24. Sensors 24 are arranged into an array and function independently of one another like an array of mechanical switches that commonly control vehicle functions like window up and down travel, door locking and unlocking, positioning of side view mirrors, etc.
Interior door fascia 52 includes a pull handle 56 and a faceplate assembly 58 which together create an armrest component of door fascia 52. Sensors 24 are individually attached to the underside of faceplate assembly 58. Each sensor 24 has a sufficient area to detect a human finger proximal to that sensor. Object detection by a sensor 24 occurs when a portion of a user's body such as a hand or finger comes within sensitivity range directly over that sensor 24. By locating multiple sensors 24 on the underside of faceplate assembly 58, a sensor array is created to resemble the array of mechanical switches. Sensors 24 can be configured to have many different kinds of shapes such as raised surfaces or recessed contours to prevent accidental activation. Adding faceplate assembly 58 to the reversing control of a power window reduces complexity and cost associated with mechanical switches and associated wiring. The power window control for up/down can be incorporated into faceplate assembly 58 or the control can be remote if required due to vehicle design and packaging.
Referring briefly back to
Referring back to
Each sensor 24 is formed as a thin electrically conductive pad mounted firmly to underside faceplate surface 63. Each sensor 24 in this configuration is pliable and can therefore be formed to the contours of the surface of faceplate 60 to which the sensor is attached. An adhesive may be applied between sensors 24 and the surface of faceplate 60 for positioning and support as well as minimizing air gaps between sensors 24 and the faceplate surface. Alternatively, sensors 24 can be molded into faceplate 60 thereby eliminating the need for adhesive or other mechanical attachment. Another alternate is each sensor 24 being arranged as a member mounted directly on a printed circuit board (PCB) 66 (i.e., a controller) and extending up toward, and possibly contacting, underside faceplate surface 63. With this arrangement, sensors 24 can be in direct physical and electrical contact with PCB 66 or in indirect contact with PCB 66 through the use of a joining conductor.
Each sensor 24 can be constructed of an electrically conductive material such as foam, metal, conductive plastic, or a non-conductive element with a conductive coating applied thereon. Materials used to construct sensors 24 should be of a compressible nature to account for tolerance stack-ups that are a normal part of any assembly having more than one component. Sensor compressibility ensures that contact is maintained between faceplate 60 and PCB 66. In the event that faceplate 60 is to be backlit, the use of a light pipe with conductive coating applied could be configured as a sensor 24.
Sensors 24 can be constructed from materials having low electrical resistance such as common metals like copper or aluminum. Other materials exhibiting low electrical resistance such as conductive plastics, epoxies, paints, inks, or metallic coatings can be used. Sensors 24 can be preformed to resemble decals, emblems, stickers, tags, and the like. Sensors 24 can be applied onto surfaces as coatings or etched from plated surfaces. If materials are delicate, then a non-conductive backing 68 such as polyester film, fiberglass, paper, rubber, or the like can support and protect sensors 24 during installation. In applications where multiple sensing areas are required, backing 68 can assist in locating and anchoring sensors 24 to faceplate 60.
With reference to
In order to activate a sensor 24, a user applies a finger to the associated marking 64 on the surface of faceplate 60. Electronic signal conditioning circuitry of PCB 66 which is interfaced to sensor 24 then processes the input signal from sensor 24 and completes circuit connections to activate the commanded function. The action is similar to pressing a mechanical switch to complete an electrical circuit.
Placement of sensors 24 behind a non-conductive barrier such as faceplate 60 creates a protective barrier between users and sensors 24 and shields sensors 24 against environmental contaminants. Sensors 24 can be applied to the backside of virtually any non-conductive barrier and preferably are flexible enough to conform to complex geometries where operator switch functions are needed. Sensors 24 can be contoured and configured from more rigid materials if desired. Examples of switch locations in a vehicle are door panels, armrests, dashboards, center consoles, overhead consoles, internal trim panels, exterior door components, and the like. Sensors 24 can be arranged individually or grouped as keypad arrays. Sensors 24 can be arranged into patterns of sequential sensing elements which are either electrically discrete or interconnected to create ergonomically appealing interfaces.
Referring now to
Each sensor 24 of vehicle keyless entry assembly 70 may be made from Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) which is optically transparent and electrically conductive with an electrical resistance measuring sixty ohms/sq. Other electrically conductive materials such as foam, elastomer, plastic, or a nonconductive structure with a conductive coating applied thereon can be used to produce a sensor 24 having transparent or translucent properties and being electrically conductive. Conductive materials that are opaque such as metal, plastic, foam, elastomer, carbon inks, or other coatings can be hollowed to pass light where desired while the remaining perimeter of material acts as sensor 24. The touch pads of the sensors 24 can be made from copper using standard printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing techniques, as well as silvered ink using a standard process such as screen printing.
An optically transparent and an electrically conductive sensor 24 made from ITO may create a color shift as light travels through the sensor and through the faceplate to which the sensor is attached. This color shift is a result of the optical quality and reflection of the optical distance between the front ITO surface of the sensor and the rear ITO surface of the sensor. In order to eliminate the light transmission errors between the different ITO layers, a transparent coating is applied on the rear ITO surface to initially bend the light which thereby eliminates the color differential seen on the front surface of the sensor between the front and rear ITO surfaces of the sensor. Additionally, an acrylic coating may be applied on the sensor to provide a layer of protection and durability for exposed ITO.
Turning back to
This keyless entry assembly further includes a controller in addition to sensor 24. The controller is operable to unlock the trunk lid. The controller is in communication with sensor 24 to monitor the capacitance of sensor 24 in order to determine whether an object (including a human user) is touching sensor 24 or whether an electrically conductive object (such as the user) is in proximity to sensor 24. If the controller determines that a user is touching or is in proximity to sensor 24, then the controller deduces that the user is at least in proximity to the trunk lid. Upon deducing that a user is at least in proximity to the trunk lid, the controller controls the trunk lid accordingly. For instance, while the trunk lid is closed and a user touches or comes into proximity to the trunk lid, the controller unlocks the trunk lid. In turn, the user can open the trunk lid (or the trunk lid can be opened automatically) to access the trunk.
As such, this keyless entry assembly can be realized by touch or touchless activation for releasing the trunk lid. An example of touch activation is a user touching sensor 24. An example of touchless activation is a user moving into proximity to sensor 24. As will be described in greater detail below with reference to
In either touch or touchless activation, this keyless entry assembly may include a mechanism for detecting the authorization of the user to activate the trunk lid. To this end, the controller is operable for key fob querying and the user is to possess a key fob in order for the controller to determine the authorization of the user in a manner known by those of ordinary skill in the art. That is, the user is to be in at least proximity to the trunk lid and be in possession of an authorized key fob (i.e., the user has to have proper identification) before touch or touchless activation is provided.
For instance, in operation, a user having a key fob approaches a trunk lid on which sensor 24 is placed. The user then touches or comes into proximity to sensor 24. In turn, the controller determines that an object is touching or is in proximity to the trunk lid based on the resulting capacitance of sensor 24. The controller then transmits a key fob query to which the key fob responds. If the response is what the controller expected (i.e., the key fob is an authorized key fob), then the controller unlocks the trunk lid for the user to gain access to the trunk. On the other hand, if there is no response or if the response is not what the controller expected (i.e., the key fob is an unauthorized key fob), then the controller maintains locking of the trunk lid.
Another feature of this keyless entry assembly, described in greater detail below with reference to
Further, sensor 24 of this keyless entry assembly may be capable of passing light in a manner as described herein. Accordingly, this keyless entry assembly may further include a light source, such as any of light sources 67, which is associated with sensor 24. In this event, the controller is operable for controlling the light source in order to illuminate sensor 24 (i.e., illuminate the emblem).
With the above description of this keyless entry assembly in mind,
Keyless entry assembly 80 includes a sensor assembly 82 and a controller (not shown). The controller is in communication with sensor assembly 82 and is operable for controlling vehicle functions such as locking and unlocking a vehicle opening (e.g., a trunk lid of a vehicle).
Sensors 24a, 24b are electrically connected to or associated with a PCB in a manner as described herein. As such, sensors 24a, 24b are not electrically connected to one another. First sensor 24a activates when an object is in proximity to first sensor 24a and second sensor 24b activates when an object is in proximity to second sensor 24b. Similarly, only first sensor 24a activates when an object is in proximity to first sensor 24a and not to second sensor 24b. Likewise, only second sensor 24b activates when an object is in proximity to second sensor 24b and not to first sensor 24a. The activation of a sensor like sensors 24a, 24b depends on the capacitance of the sensor as a result of an object coming into at least proximity with the sensor. For instance, when an object is in proximity to both sensors 24a, 24b and is closer to first sensor 24a than to second sensor 24b, then first sensor 24a will have a stronger activation than second sensor 24b.
Sensor assembly 82 further includes a non-conductive barrier 84 like faceplate 60. Sensors 24a, 24b are mounted to the underside of faceplate 84. Faceplate 84 allows for object detection through its topside. Sensor assembly 82 further includes an overlay 86 positioned over faceplate 84. Overlay 86 is in the shape of an emblem or logo representing the vehicle. In this example, overlay 86 includes two cut-out portions at which sensors 24a, 24b are respectively located. As such, sensors 24a, 24b are patterned to conform to the emblem arrangement of overlay 86.
Keyless entry assembly 80 is an example of the use of sensors (i.e., sensor assembly 82) in conjunction with a controller for operating a trunk lid when a user is in proximity to or is touching sensor assembly 82. As described herein, the operation of the trunk lid may further depend on the authenticity of the user (i.e., whether the user is in possession of an authorized key fob). In the manner described above, sensor assembly 82 can be used to realize either touch or touchless activation for releasing the trunk lid. In terms of touchless activation, sensor assembly 82 represents an example of a hands-free virtual proximity switch.
A particular application of sensor assembly 82 realizing touchless activation involves a sequence of user events taking place relative to sensor assembly 82 in order to control operation of the trunk lid. For instance, the controller of keyless entry assembly 80 may be configured such that a user is required to approach sensor assembly 82 and then step back from sensor assembly 82 in a certain amount of time in order for the controller to unlock the trunk lid. Such a sequence of user events is effectively user body gestures. As such, an expected sequence of user body gestures effectively represents a virtual code for unlocking the trunk lid. That is, the controller unlocks the trunk lid in response to a user performing an expected sequence of body gestures in relation to sensor assembly 82. The user may or may not be required to have an authorized key fob depending on whether possession of an authorized key fob is required to unlock the trunk lid.
A more elaborate example of an expected sequence of user body gestures includes the user starting in proximity to sensor assembly 82, then moving backward, then moving left, then moving right, etc. For understanding, another example of an expected sequence of user body gestures includes the user starting in proximity to sensor assembly 82, then moving away, then moving close, etc. The steps of either sequence may be required to occur within respective time periods. As can be seen, different expected sequences of user body gestures effectively represent different virtual codes for controlling the trunk lid.
Keyless entry assembly 80 provides the user the opportunity to ‘personalize’ sensor assembly 82 in order to program the controller with the expected sequence of user body gestures that are to be required to control the trunk lid. Personalizing sensor assembly 82 with an expected sequence of user body gestures effectively provides a virtual code to the controller which is to be subsequently entered by the user (by subsequently performing the expected sequence of user body gestures) for the controller to unlock the trunk lid.
The requirement of a sequence of user body gestures, i.e., user body gestures in a certain pattern in a certain amount of time, to take place in order to control operation of the trunk lid is enabled as sensors 24a, 24b activate differently from one another as a function of the proximity of the user to that particular sensor. Again, each sensor 24a, 24b activates when a user is in proximity to that sensor and each sensor 24a, 24b is not activated when a user in not in proximity to that sensor. In the former case, sensors 24a, 24b activate when a user is in proximity to sensors 24a, 24b (which happens when a user steps into proximity of both sensors 24a, 24b). In the latter case, sensors 24a, 24b are not activated when the user is out of proximity to sensors 24a, 24b (which happens when a user steps back far enough away from sensors 24a, 24b).
As further noted above, the amount of activation of a sensor such as sensors 24a, 24b depends on the proximity of a user to the sensor. For instance, first sensor 24a has a stronger activation than second sensor 24b when the user is in closer proximity to first sensor 24a than to second sensor 24b. As such, in this event, the controller determines that the user is closer to first sensor 24a than to second sensor 24b. That is, the controller determines that the user has stepped to the left after the user initially was initially in proximity to sensor assembly 82. Likewise, second sensor 24b has a stronger activation than first sensor 24a when the user is in closer proximity to second sensor 24b than to first sensor 24a. As such, in this event, the controller determines that the user is closer to second sensor 24b than to first sensor 24a. That is, the controller determines that the user has stepped to the right after the user initially was in proximity to sensor assembly 82.
In order to improve this particular application of touchless activation which involves an expected sequence of user body gestures to take place, sensor assembly 82 further includes a plurality of light sources 88 such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). For instance, as shown in
The controller is configured to control LEDs 88 to light on or off depending on activation of sensors 24a, 24b. In general, the controller controls LEDs 88 such that: LEDs 88a, 88b, 88c light on when both sensors 24a, 24b are activated; LEDs 88a, 88b, 88c light off when both sensors 24a, 24b are not activated; first LED 88a lights on when first sensor 24a is activated and lights off when first sensor 24a is not activated; and third LED 88c lights on when second sensor 24b is activated and lights off when second sensor 24b is not activated. More specifically, the controller controls LEDs such that: LEDs 88a, 88b, 88c light on when a user is in proximity to both sensors 24a, 24b (which occurs when the user steps close to sensor assembly 82) 24b); LEDs 88a, 88b, 88c light off when the user is out of proximity to both sensors 24a, 24b (which occurs when the user steps far enough back away from sensor assembly 82); first LED 88a lights on and second and third LEDs 88b, 88c light off when the user is in proximity to first sensor 24a and is no closer than tangential proximity to second sensor 24b (which occurs when the user steps to the left while in proximity to sensor assembly 82); and third LED 88c lights on and first and second LEDs 88a, 88b light off when the user is in proximity to second sensor 24b and is no closer than tangential proximity to first sensor 24a (which occurs when the user steps to the right while in proximity to sensor assembly 82).
Accordingly, the user can use the lighting of LEDs 88a, 88b, 88c as feedback when performing a sequence of user body gestures relative to sensor assembly 82 in order to either program (personalize) sensor assembly 82 with the sequence of user body gestures or to unlock the trunk lid by performing the sequence of user body gestures.
Referring now to
Keyless entry assembly 90 includes a sensor assembly 94. Sensor assembly 94 includes sensors 24. In this example, sensor assembly 94 includes five sensors 24 just like vehicle keyless entry assembly 70 shown in
Sensor assembly 94 further includes an electrically non-conductive carrier 96 such as a plastic film. Sensors 24 are applied to a surface of carrier 96. As indicated by the dotted lines in
In one embodiment, sensors 24 are made from Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). ITO is useful as it has the appropriate electrical properties for sensing functions as described herein and has appropriate optical properties for applications requiring illumination. In the case of sensors 24 being made from ITO, the sensors may be applied directly to the glass of window 92 instead of to carrier 96. Likewise, ITO sensors 24 may be applied directly to the mirror, plastic, etc., forming the corresponding user accessible vehicle part.
As noted, ITO sensors 24 are appropriate for applications requiring illumination. In furtherance of this objective, keyless entry assembly 90 further includes a light pipe assembly 98 to be used for illumination.
Uniform illumination of button indicator 102 of light pipe assembly 98 is an important aesthetic feature. With reference to
The lighting of light pipe assembly 98 may occur at any point within body portion 100 that is useful such as through a slot 111 in the middle portion of body portion 100 as shown in
Referring now to
As shown in
As shown in
Connection is made from window 92 by a harness 127. For windows 92 that are movable, a harness 127 is provided for attachment between the vehicle and the glass.
As shown in
Referring now to
As background,
Fascia panel assembly 200 shown in
As indicated in
As indicated in
Sensor 24 may be adhesively bonded between isolators 201 and 202 for one piece assembly. Sensor 24 may be composed of a conductive fabric and attached to fascia panel 22 or either of isolators 201 and 202. Sensor 24 may be composed of conductive paint or conductive ink and applied to fascia panel 22 or either of isolators 201 and 202. Sensor 24 can be formed as one or more electrical conductors on a substrate such as metallization on a plastic film.
Second isolator 202 may be a thick foam and compressed between vehicle body panels and the combination of fascia panel 22, sensor 24, and first isolator 201 in order to hold sensor 24 and first isolator 201 in position.
As shown in
As indicated above,
Referring now to
Keyless entry assembly 209 represents another example of an automotive application incorporating sensors 24. Keyless entry assembly 209 is for use with a user accessible vehicle component such as a window, a side-view mirror, a lens assembly, etc. As an example, the vehicle component will be described and illustrated as being a vehicle side-view mirror assembly.
As shown in
Sensors 24 are mounted firmly to respective portions of carrier 212. Carrier 212 includes electrically isolated metal wires which are electrically connected to respective sensors 24. (The wires are not shown, but may be understood with reference to
As indicated, the vehicle component for use with keyless entry assembly 209 in this example is a vehicle side-view mirror assembly. Accordingly, keyless entry assembly 209 further includes a mirror sub-assembly including a side-view mirror 210, a mirror holder 216, and a mirror housing 217. Mirror 210 is held onto mirror holder 216 in the fully assembled position of mirror sub-assembly. Mirror holder 216 includes an integral housing 214. Housing 214 includes a battery 218 therein for supplying electrical energy to power keyless entry assembly 209. Housing 214 is configured to receive keyless entry assembly 209 therein. That is, housing 214 is configured to house carrier 212 with sensors 24 mounted thereto and PCB 213 positioned next to carrier 212. Mirror 210 is configured to be attached to mirror holder 216 with keyless entry assembly 209 received in housing 214 of mirror holder 216. As such, in the fully assembled position, keyless entry assembly 209 is housed between mirror 210 and mirror holder 216. In this position, sensors 24 mounted on carrier 212 are adjacent to the underside of mirror 210.
Mirror 210 is etched with a metallization layer 215 thereon. Metallization layer 215 electrically isolates sensors 24 from one another and from the mirror body. Metallization layer 215 also allows illumination of characters, if desired. Characters may be any shape, letter, or number. For non-conductive mirror surfaces or for non-mirrored surfaces, etching may not be done.
Mirror housing 217 includes a solar cell 219 for charging battery 218 positioned in housing 214 of mirror holder 216. PCB 213 further includes a transmitter 220 such as a remote keyless entry fob. Transmitter 220 enables the elimination of additional wiring into the vehicle. This allows the mirror to be a replacement. Without solar cell 219, a battery life of approximately three years is expected for a 900 mA battery. With solar cell 219, no replacement of battery 218 is needed.
Sensors 24 may be molded into carrier 212 using over-molding, two-shot molding, or other similar process. Materials for forming sensors 24 include electrically conductive rubber or plastic, metals, or other electrically conductive materials. Sensors 24 can be preformed to resemble decals, emblems, stickers, tags, and the like. Such emblems may represent or identify the vehicle to which keyless entry assembly 209 is associated. Carrier 212 may be molded clear or translucent to provide illumination options as carrier 212 can be in optical communication with a light source on PCB 213.
As described, sensors 24 are individually in electrical communication with PCB 213. Redundant connections between sensors 24 and PCB 213 may optionally be made. Sensors 24 may be sandwiched tight against mirror 210 so as to improve sensing through mirror 210.
In operation, a user interacts with the outer surface of mirror 210 in order to activate one or more of sensors 24. Electronic signal conditioning circuitry of PCB 213, which is interfaced to sensors 24, processes the input signal from the sensor(s) and completes circuit connections to activate the commanded function. The action is similar to pressing a mechanical button to complete an electrical circuit.
Referring now to
Assembly 229 represents yet another example of an automotive application incorporating sensors 24. In this example, the user accessible vehicle component for use with assembly 229 is a movable vehicle window. Assembly 229 shown in
As shown in
As indicated, the vehicle component for use with assembly 229 in this example is a movable vehicle window. Accordingly, assembly 229 further includes a window sub-assembly including a movable window 225 and a window trim 227. Window trim 227 includes a housing 230. Housing 230 includes a battery 218 therein for supplying electrical energy to power assembly 229. Housing 230 is configured to receive assembly 229 therein. That is, housing 230 is configured to house carrier 212 with sensors 24 mounted thereto and PCB 213 positioned next to carrier 212. As such, in the fully assembled position, assembly 229 is housed between window 225 and trim 227. In this position, sensors 24 mounted on carrier 212 are adjacent to the inside of window 225. Assembly 229 may also be integrated into vehicle system and wiring.
Assembly 229 may further include a decal 228. Decal 228 allows illumination of characters. Characters may be any shape, letter, or number. Decal 228 may be affixed to window 225. Alternatively, window 225 may be painted or other similarly processed to yield the desired effect. Further, window 225 may be etched, scribed, cast, formed, or the like to affect the optical illumination in a desired way.
Housing 230 further includes a solar cell 219 for charging battery 218 positioned in housing 230. PCB 213 further includes a transmitter 220 such as a remote keyless entry fob.
In operation, a user interacts with the outer side of window 225 in order to activate one or more of sensors 24. Electronic signal conditioning circuitry of PCB 213, which is interfaced to sensors 24, processes the input signal from the sensor(s) and completes circuit connections to activate the commanded function. The action is similar to pressing a mechanical button to complete an electrical circuit.
As explained, functionality of assembly 229 is not limited to keyless entry. Other functionality may include, but is not necessarily limited to, audio controls or other application specific items that one may want to control from outside of the vehicle such as opening a garage door or adjusting the elevation of the vehicle by integrating with an auto-leveling system.
As shown in
The arrangement shown in
Although circuit elements are schematically illustrated for discussion purposes, it is possible to realize the functionality using a suitably programmed controller without one or more of the discrete circuit elements shown in the figures.
In addition to improvements in sensing, the controller enables a controlled range of motions for approach to and retraction from a vehicle having one or more sensors. The range of motion becomes a profile or gesture for the sensor(s). The profile uses signal amplitude, time, and speed to discern gesture or movement. The measured profile is compared to a predefined profile to determine a type of detected movement.
In
Furthermore the upward slope, downward slope, and thresholds 240B, 240C, and 240D will be adaptive in that they can be modified by the controller in response to environmental temperature changes, slight changes in a user's gesture, and the like. The controller will read the temperature from a temperature sensor, thermistor, or the like and change the values of the acceptable upward slope, downward slope, and thresholds 240B, 240C, and 240D accordingly. The controller will also change the values of the upward slope, downward slope, and thresholds 240B, 240C, and 240D in response to slight changes to a user's gesture profile. A slight change is defined as a slope or threshold value that is not beyond a percent of error from the saved gesture profile. The changes can be global in that the slopes, and thresholds 240B, 240C, and 240D all change together or individual where no adjustment is dependent on the other.
A variety of techniques may be used to establish at least one acceptable profile that corresponds to a gesture that should be considered a legitimate request for system actuation. The profiles may be programmed into the controller or learned during a teach mode, for example, during which an individual repeats a gesture and the controller determines a corresponding profile. Such a profile may subsequently serve as the predefined profile for determining whether a particular gesture was detected.
As a person gestures near a sensor 24, approaches or retracts from a sensor(s) 24, the movement creates a profile amplitude, slope and rate which the controller interprets to allow operation or prevent inadvertent activation. Such inadvertent activation is prevented when a person is simply passing by sensor 24, for example. The sensor signals 240A shown in
Referring now to
Assembly 340 includes at least one other capacitive sensor 243. Unlike small-sized sensors which cannot obtain a proximity distance of more than a few millimeters, sensor 243 has an increased sensor size and is positioned to provide optimal detection. The assembly 340 includes two sensors 243. One sensor 243 runs along body panel 16 and another sensor 243 runs along the edge of lift gate 12. As such, a portion of at least one of the sensors 243 will be approximately perpendicular to an object in between the closure defined by the body panel 16 and the lift gate 12. The increased size and orientation of sensor 243 increases the proximity sensing to more than 50 mm which represents a relatively large increase in proximity detection.
As shown in
Referring now to
Along the edge of lift gate 12, sensor 243 is positioned on the interior surface of an edge region of fascia panel 22 adjacently along the edge of lift gate 12 and is separated from lift gate 12 by spacers 247. Spacers 247 are constructed of electrically non-conductive materials and are compressible. Spacers 247 allow sensor 243 (and the edge region of fascia panel 22) to move spatially closer to the structural portion of the lift gate 12 as an object contacts the edge region of fascia panel 22.
As shown in
An example construction of (lift gate) sensor 243 along the edge of lift gate 12 is shown in
The driven shield is spaced away from the vehicle ground by spacers 247. The spacing is on the order of 0.125 inches or more which increases the proximity distance by isolating the vehicle frame from emitter body 245 or sensor body 244. Spacers 247 may be integrated standoffs which provide the required separation between the ground cancellation emitter body 245 and the vehicle structure. As described, sensor body 244 and emitter body 245 are encapsulated in electrically non-conductive plastic providing a seal of sensor body 244 and emitter body 245 or contamination that could occur between them.
Sensor body 244 is flexible and deflects towards emitter body 245 when an object presses against sensor 243. Consequently, the capacitance of sensor 243 changes. As noted above, sensor body 244 is angled to provide a maximum signal in response to a conductive object in proximity to sensor 243 and to allow for deflection by an object touching sensor 243.
The sensor 243 can be placed on either lift gate 12 or body panel 16 or both as mentioned above. The sensor 243 on lift gate 12 can operate as a transmitter and sensor 243 on body panel 16 can operate as a receiver. These functions can be reversed. In operation, as lift gate 12 closes, a signal is read on sensor 243 caused by the transmitter. The controller reads that signal to become aware that lift gate 12 is almost closed. The controller then compensates for the distance yet to be traveled by lift gate 12 by knowing what the sensor 243 reading will be at each position of the lift gate 12 while unobstructed, which provides improved obstacle detection and reduced false obstacle detection caused by the vehicle body as lift gate 12 gets closer to the closed position. In one example, the controller is pre-programmed to recognize the expected sensor signal when the lift gate is closing without any obstruction. As such, sensor 243 can assist in differentiating between obstacle and vehicle body detection based on the relative position of the emitter and transmitter.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
As described, the subject matter corresponding to
It is well known that there have been injuries and deaths of children who have been struck or dragged by a school bus. In an exemplary embodiment, the sensors 18, 24 could be used around a perimeter of a bus so that a bus operator will be alerted that a child is close by and caution should be exercised.
Referring now to
The two sensors 18, 24 located fore and aft of the rear wheel 404 are for specific sensing of a child under the bus either directly ahead of or behind the wheel 404. The sensor system 410 such as what is described can be used around the full perimeter of the bus 400 for a full 360 degree sensing area. It should be noted that with each sensor 18, 24 of the sensing system 410 are independent from each other and certain patterns of sensing can be seen and used to aid in overall assessment of the area. For example, if a child is walking beside the bus 400 and moving toward the front of the bus 400, each sensor 18, 24 that the child walks by will detect their presence in turn, one after another. The sensor system 410 include a system controller 412 coupled to or in communication with the sensors 18, 24 and provides information about where the child is, how fast they are moving, approximate distance from the bus 400, and direction of travel toward or away from the bus 400 further enhancing the situational awareness surrounding the bus 400. The system controller 412 is mounted or coupled to the vehicle body 402. The dynamics of the sensing can be seen and analyzed to determine if it matches a particular predetermined signal or path. The analyzing of the signal and its conformity to a particular pattern has been termed as a gesture in some literature. The sensor system 410 includes an alert 413 connected to or in communication with the system controller 412 that alerts the operator of the bus 400 when the child is detected by coupling to the sensor 18, 24. In one embodiment, the alert 413 may be an audible alarm, a visual alarm, etc. It should be appreciated that the alert 413 is located inside the bus 400 and coupled to the vehicle body 402. It should also be appreciated that the system controller 412 is connected to or in communication with the sensors 18, 24.
Another exemplary embodiment shown in
Referring now to
Now referring to
While the sensing elements 565, 563 have been described as a TPE in one embodiment, it should be appreciated that the sensing elements 565, 563 can be any material with sufficiently low resistivity, such as other conductive elastomers, plastics, or silicon rubber; as well as metal strips or metal braid. It should be appreciated that an advantage of using metal strip or braid is that conductors 564 will not be required as the metal strip or braid is of sufficiently low resistivity to eliminate the need for the conductors.
The nosing sensors 560 shown in
The capacitive sensing process and methods are detailed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,513,166 to Shank et al., the entire disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference. The object sensing controller 521 of
Another part of the sensing system 520 of
In yet another example,
Another part of sensing system 520 of
Still another portion of the sensing system 520 of
Alternately, the doors 538 and 539 of
The diagram of
The sensing system 520 provides means to detect and protect against entrapment of a person or object by using the object sensing control 521 to gather and interpret signals. By using the sensing means described, a multi-redundant system is created to ensure that people or objects do not get entrapped in a moving panel that is closing.
Referring now to
With the three modalities, proximity and pinch sensing, panel position over time, and latch time, an overlapping of means and methods, shown as area 553 of
One can see that the fusion of multiple sensors and sensing methods provide a superior anti-entrapment system to provide greater safety in the operation of moving panels to help ensure that no person or object can be trapped without providing a signal indicating such, so that necessary action can be taken. It should be appreciated that other sense means such as use of a camera, radar, lidar, ultrasonics, and thermal imaging all for face/object recognition may be employed to further enhance the system.
While exemplary embodiments are described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the present invention. The words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Additionally, the features of various implementing embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the present invention.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/711,944, filed Sep. 21, 2017, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/730,420, filed Jun. 4, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/948,406, filed Jul. 23, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/221,167, filed Aug. 30, 2011; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/084,611, filed Apr. 12, 2011; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/942,294, filed Nov. 9, 2010; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/784,010, filed May 20, 2010; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/545,178, filed Aug. 21, 2009; the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,051,769, 7,513,166 and 7,342,373 are also hereby incorporated by reference.
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