Patent Grant
11015683
The disclosure relates to a vehicle driving device provided with: a rotary electric machine that serves as a driving force source of a first wheel and a second wheel; a speed reduction device that reduces the speed of the rotation of the rotary electric machine; and a differential gear device that distributes to the first wheel and the second wheel, a drive force from the rotary electric machine that is transmitted via the speed reduction device.
An example of the vehicle driving device is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-287142 (JP 10-287142 A). Hereinafter, symbols indicated with brackets in the description of the background art are the symbols that are used in JP 10-287142 A. A vehicle driving device according to JP 10-287142 A has a motor (M), a differential device (Gd), and a counter gear mechanism (Gc) that transmits the power of the motor (M) to the differential device (Gd). The counter gear mechanism (Gc) configures a speed reduction device that reduces the speed of the rotation of the motor (M) and transmits the rotation to the differential device (Gd). As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 in JP 10-287142 A, the motor (M), the differential device (Gd), and the counter gear mechanism (Gc) are disposed separately on three different axes that are parallel to each other.
While taking the on-vehicle mountability of the vehicle driving device into consideration, it is preferable that the size of the entire device be reduced as much as possible. Regarding this point, in the vehicle driving device according to JP 10-287142 A, the three devices that are the rotary electric machine, the speed reduction device (the counter gear mechanism in JP 10-287142 A), and the differential gear device are disposed separately on three different axes that are parallel to each other. Thus, the size of entire device is likely to be increased in a radial direction. In order to decrease the size of the entire device in the radial direction, it is conceivable to dispose the three devices on the same axis. In this case however, the size of the entire device is likely to be increased in the axial direction.
An exemplary aspect of the disclosure provides a vehicle driving device in which the size of the entire device in both the radial direction and the axial direction can be decreased.
In one aspect, in view of the above, a vehicle driving device includes: a rotary electric machine that is a driving force source of a first wheel and a second wheel; a speed reduction device that reduces a speed of a rotation of the rotary electric machine; and a differential gear device that distributes to the first wheel and the second wheel, a driving force that is transmitted from the rotary electric machine via the speed reduction device, in which the speed reduction device and the differential gear device are disposed coaxially with the rotary electric machine, the speed reduction device has a first planetary gear mechanism and a second planetary gear mechanism, and the first planetary gear mechanism is disposed on a rotary electric machine side relative to the second planetary gear mechanism in an order of a power transmission path, and a first speed reduction ratio that is a speed reduction ratio of the first planetary gear mechanism is smaller than a second speed reduction ratio that is a speed reduction ratio of the second planetary gear mechanism.
In this configuration, the speed reduction device and the differential gear device are disposed coaxially with the rotary electric machine. Thus, compared to when the three devices are disposed separately on three axes parallel to each other, it is possible to suppress the size of the vehicle driving device in a radial direction to be small. Moreover, in this configuration, it is possible to shorten a length of the entire speed reduction device in the axial direction, as described below. Thus, it is possible to suppress the size of the vehicle driving device from being large in the axial direction while disposing the three devices on the same axis.
Compared to when the first speed reduction ratio of the first planetary gear mechanism and the second speed reduction ratio of the second planetary gear mechanism are equal, a rotational speed input to the second planetary gear mechanism is higher and an input torque of the second planetary gear mechanism is lower, when the first speed reduction ratio is smaller than the second speed reduction ratio. Since the input torque is lower, the necessary mechanical strength of the second planetary gear mechanism is decreased and the size of the second planetary gear mechanism can be decreased. In many cases, a face width of the gear mechanism is increased in the axial direction in order to improve the mechanical strength to be compatible with a large input torque. Thus, it is possible to shorten the length of the second planetary gear mechanism in the axial direction by decreasing the input torque to the second planetary gear mechanism. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the length of the entire speed reduction device in the axial direction. As a result, the length of the vehicle driving device in the axial direction can be shortened.
In this way, with the configuration, it is possible to decrease the size of the entire vehicle driving device in both the radial direction and the axial direction.
Further features and advantages of the vehicle driving device will be apparent from the following description of embodiments which is given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An embodiment of a vehicle driving device will be described based on the drawings.
In the following description, the term “drivingly coupled” refers to a state in which two rotary elements are coupled to each other in such a manner that allows transmission of a driving force, including a state in which the two rotary elements are coupled to each other, and a state in which the two rotary elements are coupled to each other via one or two or more transmitting members in such a manner than allow transmission of a driving force. Such transmitting members include various members that transmit rotation at the same speed or a shifted speed and include a shaft, a gear mechanism, a belt, a chain, etc. Such transmitting members may include an engagement device that selectively transmits rotation and a driving force, such as, a friction engagement device and a meshing engagement device. When the expression “drivingly coupled” is used for each rotary element of a speed reduction device 3 and a differential gear device 4 described below, this refers to the state where the three or more rotary elements of the devices are drivingly coupled to each other without via other rotary elements.
In the following description, the expressions “tubular shape” and “cylindrical shape” mean that the overall general shape is a tube or a cylinder even when there are some deformed parts. Not limited to this, the same applies to other expressions related to shapes that are used by applying the term “shape”.
As illustrated in
In the vehicle driving device 100 of the embodiment, the rotary electric machine 2 the speed reduction device 3, the differential gear device 4, the first drive shaft 51, the second drive shaft 52, and the distribution output shaft 53 are coaxially disposed with reference to a rotor shaft 27 of the rotary electric machine 2. A direction along the rotor shaft 27 of the rotary electric machine 2 is equal to a direction along a rotational axis of the vehicle driving device 100. A direction along a radius of the rotor shaft 27 of the rotary electric machine 2 is equal to a direction along a radius of the vehicle driving device 100. In the embodiment, the direction along the rotor shaft 27 of the rotary electric machine 2 is referred to as an axial direction L of the vehicle driving device 100. The direction along the radius of the rotor shaft 27 of the rotary electric machine 2 is referred to as a radial direction R of the vehicle driving device 100. In the axial direction L, a side in which the rotary electric machine 2 is disposed relative to the speed reduction device 3 is referred to as an axial first side L1 and a side in which the differential gear device 4 is disposed relative to the speed reduction device 3 is referred to as an axial second side L2. In the radial direction R, an outer side on the opposite of the rotor shaft 27 is referred to as a radial outer side R1 and an inner side of the rotor shaft 27 side is referred to as a radial inner side R2.
In the vehicle driving device 100 of the embodiment, the rotary electric machine 2, the speed reduction device 3, and the differential gear device 4 are disposed so as to be arranged in this order that is the order of a power transmission path. As described below, the speed reduction device 3 has a first planetary gear mechanism 31 and a second planetary gear mechanism 32. With this in consideration, the rotary electric machine 2, the first planetary gear mechanism 31, the second planetary gear mechanism 32, and the differential gear device 4 are disposed so as to be arranged in this order that is the order of the power transmission path. The rotary electric machine 2, the speed reduction device 3 (the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32), and the differential gear device 4 are disposed along the axial direction L so as to be arranged in the order of the rotary electric machine 2, the first planetary gear mechanism 31, the second planetary gear mechanism 32, and the differential gear device 4. That is, in either the order of the power transmission path or the order of disposition along the axial direction L, the first planetary gear mechanism 31 is disposed on the rotary electric machine 2 side relative to the second planetary gear mechanism 32.
The case 1 houses the rotary electric machine 2, the speed reduction device 3, and the differential gear device 4 inside. In the embodiment, the case 1 also houses a part of the first drive shaft 51 (an end portion on the axial second side L2), a part of the second drive shaft 52 (an end portion on the axial first side L1), and the distribution output shaft 53 inside. The case 1 is formed so as to have a peripheral wall portion 10 (peripheral wall) having a tubular shape surrounding the rotary electric machine 2, the speed reduction device 3, and radial outer side R1 of the differential gear device 4. The case 1 has a case body 11 (first case portion), a body cover 12 (second case portion), and a bottom portion cover 13. The case body 11 is formed to have a bottomed tubular shape and have a bottom portion 11a on an end portion on the axial first side L1, and has an opening portion on the opposite side (axial second side L2) of the case body 11 from the bottom portion 11a. The body cover 12 is disposed so as to abut against the case body 11 on the axial first side L and cover the opening portion, and is formed to have a conical tubular shape in which the diameter is decreased toward the axial second side L2. The bottom portion cover 13 is disposed on the axial first side L1 of the bottom portion 11a of the case body 11 so as to cover the bottom portion 11a. The case body 11 and the body cover 12 are fixed to each other with a fixing member (in the embodiment, a bolt). Similarly, the case body 11 and the bottom portion cover 13 are fixed to each other with a fixing member (in the embodiment, a bolt).
The rotary electric machine 2 and a part (first planetary gear mechanism 31) of the speed reduction device 3 are disposed in the internal space of the case body 11. Another part (second planetary gear mechanism 32) of the speed reduction device 3, the differential gear device 4, and a part (the end portion on the axial first side L1) of the second drive shaft 52 are disposed in the internal space of the body cover 12. A part (an end portion on the axial second side L2) of the first drive shaft 51 is disposed in the internal space that is formed by the case body 11 and the bottom portion cover 13. The distribution output shaft 53 is disposed in the internal space that is formed by the case body 11, the body cover 12, and the bottom portion cover 13.
As illustrated in
The rotary electric machine 2 is a permanent magnet rotary electric machine that has a rotor 21 having a permanent magnet 23 in a rotor core 22, a stator 24 in which a stator coil 26 is wound around the stator core 25, and the rotor shaft 27 that is coupled to the rotor core 22. The stator 24 (specifically, the stator core 25) is fixed to the case 1, specifically to the peripheral wall portion 10 of the case 1. On the radial inner side R2 of the rotor core 22, the rotor shaft 27 is coupled to the rotor core 22 and the rotor 21 and the rotor shaft 27 rotate integrally. In the embodiment, the rotary electric machine 2 is a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine, but may be another type of rotary electric machine such as an induction type rotary electric machine.
The rotor shaft 27 is formed to have a cylindrical shape. A part of the rotor shaft 27 that protrudes to the axial first side L1 along the axial direction L more than the rotor core 22 is supported by the case body 11 of the case 1 via a first rotor bearing 61 so as to be rotatable. A part of the rotor shaft 27 that protrudes to the axial second side L2 along the axial direction L more than the rotor core 22 is supported by the first support member 141 of the support member 14 via a second rotor bearing 62 so as to be rotatable.
As described above, in the embodiment, the speed reduction device 3 includes the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32. The first planetary gear mechanism 31 has a first rotation element that is drivingly coupled to the rotary electric machine 2, a second rotation element, and a third rotary element that is coupled to the fixing member so that the third rotary element is stationary. The second planetary gear mechanism 32 has a fourth rotary element that is drivingly coupled to the second rotation element of the first planetary gear mechanism 31, a fifth rotary element that is drivingly coupled to the differential gear device 4, and a sixth rotary element that is coupled to the fixing member so that the sixth rotary element is stationary. In the embodiment, the support member 14 corresponds to the “fixing member”. Instead of the configuration in which the fixing member is the support member 14 supported by the peripheral wall portion 10, the fixing member may be configured of the peripheral wall portion 10 (a part of the peripheral wall portion 10).
The first planetary gear mechanism 31 is a single-pinion type planetary gear mechanism that has a first sun gear S31 (first rotary element), a first ring gear R31 (third rotary element), a first carrier C31 (second rotary element), and a plurality of first pinion gears P31. The first sun gear S31 is an input element of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and is coupled so as to rotate integrally with the rotor shaft 27 of the rotary electric machine 2. The first ring gear R31 is a fixed element of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and is supported by the first support member 141 so as not to rotate. The first carrier C31 is an output element of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and is coupled to a second sun gear S32 (fourth rotary element) of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 as described below.
The first pinion gear P31 is disposed so as to mesh with the first sun gear S31 and the first ring gear R31, and is supported by the first carrier C31 so as to be rotatable. The first pinion gear P31 is configured to rotate (spin) around the shaft of the first pinion gear P31 and rotate (revolve) around the shaft of the first sun gear S31. Although not shown, a plurality of the first pinion gears P31 are provided along a revolution track of the first pinion gears P31 at intervals.
As described above, the second planetary gear mechanism 32 is disposed on the axial second side L2 relative to the first planetary gear mechanism 31 that is, the second planetary gear mechanism 32 is disposed on the opposite side of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 from the rotary electric machine 2 side. The second planetary gear mechanism 32 is a single-pinion type planetary gear mechanism that has a second sun gear S32 (fourth rotary element), a second ring gear R32 (sixth rotary element), a second carrier C32 (fifth rotary element), and a plurality of second pinion gears P32.
The second sun gear S32 is an input element of the second planetary gear mechanism 32. As described above, the second sun gear S32 (fourth rotary element) is coupled to the first carrier C31 (second rotary element) that is an output element of the first planetary gear mechanism 31. In the embodiment, the second sun gear S32 is coupled to the first carrier C31 via spline engagement. That is, the embodiment shows a form in which the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32 are formed independently of each other, and the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32 are coupled via spline engagement. However, the form is not limited to the form in which the first carrier C31 and the second sun gear S32 are configured of different members, and the first carrier C31 and the second sun gear S32 may be configured of one component. For example, the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32 may be configured integrally to form one speed reduction device 3. Even when the first carrier C31 and the second sun gear S32 are configured of different members, the two may be coupled by welding for example, instead of being limited to spline engagement.
As illustrated in
The second ring gear R32 (sixth rotary element) is a fixed element of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 and is supported by the second support member 142 so as not to rotate in the circumferential direction. The second carrier C32 (fifth rotary element) is an output element of the second planetary gear mechanism 32. In the embodiment, the second carrier C32 is formed integrally with a differential case D4 of the differential gear device 4. In addition, the end portion of the second carrier C32 on the axial first side L1 is supported, between the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32 of the speed reduction device 3, by the second support member 142 via a first differential case bearing 66 such that the second carrier C32 is rotatable.
The second pinion gear P32 is disposed so as to mesh with the second sun gear S32 and the second ring gear R32, and is supported by the second carrier C32 so as to be rotatable. The second pinion gear P32 is configured to rotate (spin) around the shaft of the second pinion gear P32 and rotate (revolve) around the shaft of the second sun gear S32. Although not shown, a plurality of the second pinion gears P32 are provided along a revolution track of the second pinion gears P32 at intervals.
As illustrated in
The differential gear device 4 distributes to the first wheel 501 and the second wheel 502, the driving force that is transmitted from the rotary electric machine 2 via the speed reduction device 3. Specifically, the differential gear device 4 distributes to the first wheel 501 and the second wheel 502, the driving force that is transmitted from the rotary electric machine 2 via the speed reduction device 3, via the first drive shaft 51 that is drivingly coupled to the distribution output shaft 53 and the second drive shaft 52. In the embodiment, the differential gear device 4 has the differential case D4 serving as an input element, a pinion shaft F4 that is supported by the differential case D4 so as to rotate integrally with the differential case D4, a first differential pinion gear P41 and a second differential pinion gear P42 that are supported so as to be rotatable with respect to the pinion shaft F4, and a first side gear B41 and a second side gear B42 serving as distribution output elements. Here, the first differential pinion gear P41, the second differential pinion gear P42, the first side gear B41, and the second side gear B42 are all bevel gears. That is, the differential gear device 4 is a differential gear device provided with a bevel gear-type gear mechanism.
The differential case D4 is a hollow member and the pinion shaft F4, a pair of differential pinion gears P4 (the first differential pinion gear P41 and the second differential pinion gear P42), the first side gear B41, and the second side gear B42 are housed in the differential case D4. In the embodiment, the differential case D4 is formed integrally with the second carrier C32 of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 and the second carrier C32 is configured as a part of the differential case D4. Thus, the end portion of the second carrier C32 on the axial first side L1 functions as a first supported portion D4a of the differential case D4. The first supported portion D4a is disposed between the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32 in the axial direction L. The first supported portion D4a is directly supported by the first differential case bearing 66 that is fixed to the case 1 via the support member 14. As described above, the first support member 141 is fixed integrally to the case body 11 and the first support member 141 and the second support member 142 are fixed integrally to each other. The first supported portion D4a is thus supported by the case body 11 via the first differential case bearing 66.
The differential case D4 has a second supported portion D4b positioned on the opposite side (the axial second side L2) of the first supported portion D4a in the axial direction L. Here, the second supported portion D4b is formed so as to protrude to the axial second side L2 along the axial direction L more than the second side gear B42. The second supported portion D4b is formed to have a cylindrical shape and to be coaxial with the first side gear B41 and the second side gear B42. The second supported portion D4b is directly supported by a second differential case bearing 67 that is fixed to the body cover 12 of the case 1. That is, the second supported portion D4b is supported by the body cover 12 of the case 1 via the second differential case bearing 67 so as to be rotatable.
The pinion shaft F4 is inserted in the pair of differential pinion gears P4 and supports the differential pinion gears P4 so that the differential pinion gears P4 are rotatable. The pinion shaft F4 is inserted in a through hole that is formed along the radial direction R of the differential case D4 and is locked to the differential case D4 with a locking member 43.
The differential pinion gears P4 are attached to the pinion shaft F4 while facing each other with an interval therebetween along the radial direction R. The differential pinion gears P4 are configured to rotate in the internal space of the differential case D4 about the pinion shaft F4 as the center.
The first side gear B41 and the second side gear B42 are rotary elements after distribution is performed in the differential gear device 4. The first side gear B41 and the second side gear B42 are provided so as to face each other while sandwiching the pinion shaft F4 with an interval therebetween along the axial direction L. The first side gear B41 and the second side gear B42 are configured to rotate in each circumferential direction in the internal space of the differential case D4. The first side gear 341 and the second side gear B42 are each meshed to the first differential pinion gear P41 and the second differential pinion gear P42. A spline is formed on an inner peripheral surface of the first side gear B41 to couple the first side gear B41 and the distribution output shaft 53. A spline is formed on an inner peripheral surface of the second side gear B42 to couple the second side gear B42 and the second drive shaft 52.
The distribution output shaft 53 is a member that transmits to the first drive shaft 51, a driving force that is from the rotary electric machine 2 and that is distributed by the differential gear device 4. The distribution output shaft 53 passes through the rotor shaft 27 of the rotary electric machine 2 on the radial inner side R2 in the axial direction L. A spline is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the distribution output shaft 53 on the axial second side L2 to couple the distribution output shaft 53 to the first side gear B41 of the differential gear device 4. The spline on the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the distribution output shaft 53 on the axial second side L2 and the spline on the inner peripheral surface of the first side gear B41 are engaged so that the distribution output shaft 53 and the first side gear B41 are coupled so as to rotate integrally. A coupling portion 53a to couple the first drive shaft 51 and the distribution output shaft 53 is formed on the end portion of the distribution output shaft 53 on the axial first side L1.
The coupling portion 53a extends from a part on the axial first side L1 relative to the rotary electric machine 2 in the internal space of the case body 11 into the internal space of the bottom portion cover 13. The coupling portion 53a is formed to have a cylindrical shape and to be coaxial with portions of the distribution output shaft 53 other than the coupling portion 53a. The coupling portion 53a has an outer diameter that is larger than parts of the distribution output shaft 53 other than the coupling portion 53a. The coupling portion 53a is supported by the bottom portion cover 13 of the case 1 via a first output bearing 68 so as to be rotatable and is supported by the bottom portion 11a of the case body 11 via a second output bearing 69 so as to be rotatable. A spline is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the coupling portion 53a on the axial second side L2 to couple the coupling portion 53a and the first drive shaft 51.
The first drive shaft 51 is drivingly coupled to the first wheel 501 and the second drive shaft 52 is drivingly coupled to the second wheel 502. In the embodiment, the coupling portion 53a is provided on the end portion of the distribution output shaft 53 on the axial first side L1 and the first drive shaft 51 and the coupling portion 53a of the distribution output shaft 53 are coupled by the spline. However, the configuration is not limited to this. For example, a flange yoke may be provided on the end portion of the distribution output shaft 53 on the axial first side L1 instead of the coupling portion 53a and the flange yoke and the first drive shaft 51 may be fastened by a bolt.
Hereinafter, the detailed configuration of the speed reduction device 3 having the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32 will be described. As described above, in the first planetary gear mechanism 31, the first sun gear S31 that is the input element is drivingly coupled to the rotary electric machine 2 (specifically, the rotor shaft 27 of the rotary electric machine 2), the speed of the rotation of the rotary electric machine 2 is reduced at a first speed reduction ratio, and the driving force is output from the first carrier C31 that is the output element. In the second planetary gear mechanism 32, the second sun gear S32 that is the input element is drivingly coupled to the first carrier C31 of the first planetary gear mechanism 31, the speed of the rotation of the rotary electric machine 2 is further reduced at a second speed reduction ratio, and the driving force is output from the second carrier C32 that is the output element.
Here, it is preferable that the first speed reduction ratio that is the speed reduction ratio of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 be smaller than the second speed reduction ratio that is the speed reduction ratio of the second planetary gear mechanism 32. When the first speed reduction ratio is smaller than the second speed reduction ratio, the rotational speed that is input to the second planetary gear mechanism 32 is higher and the input torque to the second planetary gear mechanism 32 is lower, compared to when the first speed reduction ratio is equal to the second speed reduction ratio. Since the input torque is lower, the necessary mechanical strength of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 is decreased and the size of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 can be decreased. In many cases, a face width of the gear mechanism is increased in the axial direction L in order to improve the mechanical strength to be compatible with a large input torque. In this case, the gear width (a first gear width W1, a second gear width W2: see
As described above, it is possible to decrease the second gear width W2 that is the gear width of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 by decreasing the input torque to the second planetary gear mechanism 32. Since the rotation speed is higher and the torque is lower in the first planetary gear mechanism 31 than the second planetary gear mechanism 32, the first gear width W1 that is the gear width of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 is not increased so much, even if the transmission torque is somewhat increased. That is, as a result of the relationship between the first speed reduction ratio and the second speed reduction ratio, the decrease amount of the second gear width W2 is larger than the increase amount of the first gear width W1. Thus, it is possible to decrease the length of the entire speed reduction device 3 in the axial direction L. In this way, it is possible to decrease the length of the speed reduction device 3 in the axial direction L by appropriately setting the gear ratio of the two planetary gear mechanisms (31, 32) provided in the speed reduction device 3.
Regardless of the size relation of the first speed reduction ratio and the second speed reduction ratio, it is preferable that the first gear width W1 be smaller than the second gear width W2, as illustrated in
It is preferable that the second gear width W2 be smaller than the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width W1 by the first speed reduction ratio. When the ratio of the first gear width W1 and the second gear width W2 are made proportional to the respective input torque, the second gear width W2 is the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width W1 by the first speed reduction ratio. Although the transmission torque of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 is larger than that of the first planetary gear mechanism 31, the rotational speed of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 is lower than that of the first planetary gear mechanism 31. That is, it is possible to ensure a necessary durability even if the second gear width W2 is smaller than the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width W1 by the first speed reduction ratio, since the rotational speed is low. When the second gear width W2 is smaller than the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width W1 by the first speed reduction ratio, it is possible to shorten the length of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 in the axial direction L, and therefore it is possible to shorten the length of the entire speed reduction device 3 in the axial direction L.
It is also preferable that a second sun gear radius φ2 that is the radius of the second sun gear S32 be smaller than a first sun gear radius φ1 that is the radius of the first sun gear S31. As described above, in the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32, the ring gear is the fixed element, the sun gear is the input element, and the carrier is the output element. For example, if the ring gears have the same radius, the smaller the radius of the sun gear is, the larger the speed reduction ratio becomes. That is, even if the configuration of each gear such as the radius and the number of teeth is somewhat different, it is easier to increase the speed reduction ratio when the radius of the sun gear is small. As illustrated in
In the embodiment, the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the second planetary gear mechanism 32 are configured using a helical gear that is suitable for being used at high speed rotation since the strength is higher and the gear noise is lower than a spur gear. However, due to its structure, the helical gear generates a thrust force that is a force in a direction along the rotational axis. Typically, a thrust bearing is provided in a gear unit using a helical gear, in order to receive a load that tends to move the gear unit using the helical gear in the axial direction. As illustrated in
When the thrust force is large, the load applied to the thrust bearing becomes large, thus affecting the durability of the speed reduction device 3. However, if the size of the thrust bearing is increased, the length of the speed reduction device 3 in the axial direction L is increased, which hinders downsizing. It is possible to decrease the load applied to the first thrust bearing 71 and the third thrust bearing 73 by causing at least a part of the first thrust force SF1 generated in the first sun gear S31 and the second thrust force SF2 generated in the second sun gear S32 to cancel each other out. As a result, it is possible to ensure durability of the speed reduction device 3 even if the first thrust bearing 71 and the third thrust bearing 73 are small.
As illustrated in
As described above, since the transmission torque of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 is larger than the transmission torque of the first planetary gear mechanism 31, the first thrust force SF1 tends to be larger than the second thrust force SF2. The size of the thrust force is correlated to the helix angle of the helical tooth of the helical gear, and the larger the helix angle is, the larger the thrust force becomes. Here, the helix angle is an angle formed by the rotational axis of the helical gear and a tooth trace of the helical gear. When a force is generated in the direction orthogonal to the helical tooth, the larger the helix angle is, the larger the thrust force that is a component along the rotational axis becomes.
As illustrated in
The embodiment illustrates an example in which the first thrust force SF1 generated in the first sun gear S31 and the second thrust force SF2 generated in the second sun gear S32 act in directions facing each other and cause at least a part of the thrust forces to cancel each other out. However, the configuration is not limited to this. For example, when the first ring gear R31 and the second ring gear R32 are configured to rotate and are configured to be supported in the axial direction L by the thrust bearing, it is preferable that the helix angles of the helical teeth be set so that the first thrust force SF1 generated in the first ring gear R31 and the second thrust force SF2 generated in the second ring gear R32 act in directions that face each other. Also in this case, it is possible to decrease the thrust force of the entire speed reduction device 3 by causing at least a part of the forces to cancel each other out. In this case, the first thrust force SF1 generated in the first sun gear S31 and the second thrust force SF2 generated in the second sun gear S32 act in mutually separating directions.
Hereinafter, other embodiments will be described. The configuration of each embodiment described below may not only be used by itself, but also be combined with any of the configurations of the other embodiments unless inconsistency arises.
(1) An example of the bevel gear type differential gear device 4 is described above. However, the differential gear device 4 is not limited to a bevel gear type, and may be a planetary gear type as of a third planetary gear mechanism 9 illustrated in
(2) An example of a configuration is described in which the differential case D4 of the differential gear device 4 is formed integrally with the second carrier C32 of the second planetary gear mechanism 32. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and may be a configuration in which the differential case D4 and the second carrier C32 can be separated from each other (for example, the differential case D4 and the second carrier C32 are coupled to each other with a bolt or a spline etc.).
(3) An example of a configuration is described in which the second gear width W2 is smaller than the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width W1 by the first speed reduction ratio. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and the second gear width W2 may be set to be the same as or larger than the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width W1 by the first speed reduction ratio.
(4) An example of a configuration is described in which the second sun gear radius φ2 is smaller than the first sun gear radius φ1. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and the second sun gear radius φ2 may be larger than the first sun gear radius φ1. In such a case, since the first speed reduction ratio of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 is set to be smaller than the second speed reduction ratio of the second planetary gear mechanism 32, it is preferable that the radius of the second ring gear R32 be larger than the radius of the first ring gear R31.
(5) An example of a configuration is described in which the helix angle of the helical tooth is formed so that the thrust force (first thrust force SF1) of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 and the thrust force (second thrust force SF2) of the second planetary gear mechanism 32 are in mutually opposite directions in the axial direction L. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and the helix angles of the helical teeth may be set so that the first thrust force SF1 and the second thrust force SF2 are in the same direction as each other in the axial direction L.
(6) An example of a configuration is described in which the helix angle (first helix angle θ1) of the helical tooth of the first planetary gear mechanism 31 is larger than the helix angle (second helix angle θ2) of the helical tooth of the second planetary gear mechanism 32. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and the first helix angle θ1 and the second helix angle θ2 may be the same. Otherwise, the first helix angle θ1 may be smaller than the second helix angle θ2.
(7) An example of an embodiment is indicated in which the speed reduction device 3 is disposed between the rotary electric machine 2 and the differential gear device 4 in the axial direction L. However, the speed reduction device 3 does not have to be disposed between the rotary electric machine 2 and the differential gear device 4 in the axial direction L, if the speed reduction device 3 and the differential gear device 4 are disposed coaxially with the rotary electric machine 2 and a configuration is satisfied in which the driving force that is transmitted via the speed reduction device 3 from the rotary electric machine 2 is distributed to the two wheels (501, 502) by the differential gear device 4.
Hereinafter, a summary of the vehicle driving device (100) described above will be described simply.
In one aspect, the vehicle driving device (100) includes:
a rotary electric machine (2) that is a driving force source of a first wheel (501) and a second wheel (502);
a speed reduction device (3) that reduces a speed of a rotation of the rotary electric machine (2); and
a differential gear device (4) that distributes to the first wheel (501) and the second wheel (502), a driving force that is transmitted from the rotary electric machine (2) via the speed reduction device (3), in which
the speed reduction device (3) and the differential gear device (4) are disposed coaxially with the rotary electric machine (2),
the speed reduction device (3) has a first planetary gear mechanism (31) and a second planetary gear mechanism (32), and the first planetary gear mechanism (31) is disposed on the rotary electric machine (2) side relative to the second planetary gear mechanism (32) in an order of a power transmission path, and
a first speed reduction ratio that is a speed reduction ratio of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) is smaller than a second speed reduction ratio that is a speed reduction ratio of the second planetary gear mechanism (32).
In this configuration, the speed reduction device (3) and the differential gear device (4) are disposed coaxially with the rotary electric machine (2). Thus, compared to when the three devices (3, 4, 5) are disposed separately on three axes parallel to each other, it is possible to suppress a size of the vehicle driving device (100) in a radial direction (R) to be small. Moreover, in this configuration, it is possible to shorten a length of the entire speed reduction device (3) in an axial direction (L) as described below. Thus, it is possible to suppress the size of the vehicle driving device (100) from being large in the axial direction (L) while disposing the three devices (3, 4, 5) on the same axis.
Compared to when the first speed reduction ratio of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) and the second speed reduction ratio of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) are equal, a rotational speed input to the second planetary gear mechanism (32) is higher and an input torque of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) is lower, when the first speed reduction ratio is smaller than the second speed reduction ratio. Since the input torque is lower, the necessary mechanical strength of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) is decreased and the size of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) can be decreased. In many cases, a face width of the gear mechanism is increased in the axial direction (L) in order to improve the mechanical strength to be compatible with a large input torque. Thus, it is possible to shorten the length of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) in the axial direction (L) by decreasing the input torque to the second planetary gear mechanism (32). Therefore, it is possible to shorten the length of the entire speed reduction device (3) in the axial direction (L). As a result, the length of the vehicle driving device (100) in the axial direction (L) can be shortened.
In this way, with the configuration, it is possible to decrease the size of the entire vehicle driving device (100) in both the radial direction (R) and the axial direction (L).
Here, the first planetary gear mechanism (31) has a first rotary element (S31) that is drivingly coupled to the rotary electric machine (2), a second rotary element (C31), and a third rotary element (R31) that is coupled to a fixing member (14) so that the third rotary element (R31) is stationary, and the second planetary gear mechanism (32) has a fourth rotary element (S32) that is drivingly coupled to the second rotary element (C31) of the first planetary gear mechanism (31), a fifth rotary element (C32) that is drivingly coupled to the differential gear device (4), and a sixth rotary element (R32) that is coupled to the fixing member (14) so that the sixth rotary element (R32) is stationary.
With such a configuration, it is possible to appropriately configure the speed reduction device (3) in which the first planetary gear mechanism (31) is disposed on the rotary electric machine (2) side relative to the second planetary gear mechanism (32) and the second planetary gear mechanism (32) is disposed on the rotary electric machine (2) side relative to the first planetary gear mechanism (31), in the order of the power transmission path.
As described above, the first planetary gear mechanism (31) has the first rotary element (S31), the second rotary element (C31), and the third rotary element (R31). The second planetary gear mechanism (32) has the fourth rotary element (S32), the fifth rotary element (C32), and the sixth rotary element (R32). In such a case, the first planetary gear mechanism (31) has a first sun gear (S31) that is the first rotary element (S31), a first carrier (C31) that is the second rotary element (C31), and a first ring gear (R31) that is the third rotary element (R31), the second planetary gear mechanism (32) has a second sun gear (S32) that is the fourth rotary element (S32), a second carrier (C32) that is the fifth rotary element (C32), and a second ring gear (R32) that is the sixth rotary element (R32), the fixing member (14) has a first support portion (14a) and a second support portion (14b), the first ring gear (R31) is supported by the first support portion (14a) while being at least partially covered by the first support portion (14a) from an outer peripheral side, and the second ring gear (R32) is supported by the second support portion (14b) while being at least partially covered by the second support portion (14b) from an outer peripheral side.
With such a configuration, it is possible to couple the first ring gear (R31) and the second ring gear (R32) to the fixing member (14) so that the first ring gear (R31) and the second ring gear (R32) are stationary by supporting the first ring gear (R31) and the second ring gear (R32) with the support portions (14a, 14b) from the outer peripheral side. When the speed reduction device (3) and the differential gear device (4) are disposed coaxially with the rotary electric machine (2) like the vehicle driving device (100) according to the disclosure, there tends to be little margin space on a radial outer side (R1) of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) and the second planetary gear mechanism (32) in order to suppress the size of the vehicle driving device (100) in the radial direction (R) to be small. In this respect, according to the configuration described above, the support portion (14a, 14b) is disposed so as to at least partially cover the ring gears (R31, R32) from the outer peripheral side. Thus, it is possible to suppress the size of the support portions (14a, 14b), which are necessary for appropriately supporting the ring gears (R31, R32), in the radial direction (R) to be small. Therefore, even when there is little margin space on the radial outer side (R1) of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) and the second planetary gear mechanism (32), it is possible to appropriately support the first ring gear (R31) and the second ring gear (R32) with the support portions (14a, 14b).
Here, it is preferable that a case (1) to which a stator (24) of the rotary electric machine (2) be further provided, and the fixing member (14) be configured of a peripheral wall portion (10) of the case (1) or be a support member (14) supported by the peripheral wall portion (10).
With such a configuration, it is possible to couple the first ring gear (R31) and the second ring gear (R32) to the case (1), to which the stator (24) of the rotary electric machine (2) is fixed, so the first ring gear (R31) and the second ring gear (R32) are stationary. As described above, even when there is little margin space on the radial outer side (R1) of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) and the second planetary gear mechanism (32), it is possible to appropriately support the first ring gear (R31) and the second ring gear (R32) with the support portions (14a, 14b). Thus, it is possible to dispose the peripheral wall portion (10) close to the first planetary gear mechanism (31) and the second planetary gear mechanism (32) and decrease the size of the vehicle driving device (100) in the radial direction (R).
It is preferable that the speed reduction device (3) be disposed between the rotary electric machine (2) and the differential gear device (4) in the axial direction (L).
With such a configuration, it is possible to configure the vehicle driving device (100) that is simple, and downsizing of the vehicle driving device (100) is realized.
Here, it is preferable that a first gear width (W1) that is a width of a gear of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) along the axial direction (L) be smaller than a second gear width (W2) that is a width of a gear of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) along the axial direction (L).
The second planetary gear mechanism (32) is disposed on an output side of the speed reduction device (3) relative to the first planetary gear mechanism (31) in the order of the power transmission path. The driving force of the rotary electric machine (2) after the speed thereof is reduced in the first planetary gear mechanism (31), is transmitted to the second planetary gear mechanism (32). Thus, the transmission torque is larger in the second planetary gear mechanism (32) compared to the first planetary gear mechanism (31). From the view point of mechanical strength, it is preferable that the larger the transmission torque be, the larger the width of the gear along the axial direction (L) be set. It is possible to configure the speed reduction device (3) having a structure compatible with the size of the torque by decreasing the first gear width (W1) of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) with a relatively small transmission torque, compared to the second gear width (W2) of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) with a relatively large transmission torque. Thus, it is possible to suppress the length of the speed reduction device (3) in the axial direction (L) to be small.
As described above, when the first gear width (W1) that is the width of the gear of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) along the axial direction (L) is smaller than the second gear width (W2) that is the width of the gear of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) along the axial direction (L), it is preferable that the second gear width (W2) be smaller than a length obtained by multiplying the first gear width (W1) by the first speed reduction ratio.
When the ratio of the first gear width (W1) and the second gear width (W2) are made proportional to the input torques respectively, the second gear width (W2) is the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width (W1) by the first speed reduction ratio. Although the transmission torque of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) is larger than that of the first planetary gear mechanism (31), the rotational speed of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) is lower than that of the first planetary gear mechanism (31). Thus, it is possible to ensure a necessary durability even if the second gear width (W2) is smaller than the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width (W1) by the first speed reduction ratio. Since the second gear width (W2) is smaller than the length obtained by multiplying the first gear width (W1) by the first speed reduction ratio, it is possible to shorten the length of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) in the axial direction (L), and thus it is possible to shorten the length of the entire speed reduction device (3) in the axial direction (L).
It is preferable that the first planetary gear mechanism (31) have a first sun gear (S31), a first carrier (C31), and a first ring gear (R31), the second planetary gear have a second sun gear (S32), a second carrier (C32), and a second ring gear (R32), and a radius (φ2) of the second sun gear (S32) be smaller than a radius (φ1) of the first sun gear (S31).
For example, in planetary gear mechanisms in which the ring gears have the same radius and are fixed elements, the sun gears are the input elements, and the carriers are the output elements, the smaller the radius of the sun gear is, the larger that speed reduction ratio becomes. Thus, even when the configuration of each gear (such as the radius and the number of teeth) is somewhat different, it is easier to increase the speed reduction ratio when the radius of the sun gear is small. When the radius (φ2) of the second sun gear (S32) is smaller than the radius (φ1) of the first sun gear (S31), it is easier to increase the speed reduction ratio of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) compared to the first planetary gear mechanism (31). Therefore, with the configuration, it is possible to easily realize the speed reduction device (3) in which the first speed reduction ratio is smaller than the second speed reduction ratio.
As described above, the first planetary gear mechanism (31) has the first rotary element (S31) that is drivingly coupled to the rotary electric machine (2), the second rotary element (C31), and the third rotary element (R31) that is coupled to the fixing member (14) so that the third rotary element (R31) is stationary. In addition, the second planetary gear mechanism (32) has the fourth rotary element (S32) that is drivingly coupled to the second rotary element (C31) of the first planetary gear mechanism (31), the fifth rotary element (C32) that is drivingly coupled to the differential gear device (4), and the sixth rotary element (R32) that is coupled to the fixing member (14) so that the sixth rotary element (32) is stationary. In such a case, it is preferable that the first rotary element (S31) correspond to the first sun gear (S31), the second rotary element (C31) correspond to the first carrier (C31), the third rotary element (R31) correspond to the first ring gear (R31), the fourth rotary element (S32) correspond to the second sun gear (S32), the fifth rotary element (C32) correspond to the second carrier (C32), and the sixth rotary element (R32) correspond to the second ring gear (R32).
The first planetary gear mechanism (31) is disposed on the rotary electric machine (2) side relative to the second planetary gear mechanism (32) along the axial direction (L). In such a case, it is preferable that in the first planetary gear mechanism (31) and the second planetary gear mechanism (32), a helix angle of a helical tooth be formed so that a thrust force (SF1) of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) and a thrust force (SF2) of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) be in mutually opposite directions in the axial direction (L), and the helix angle (θ1) of the helical tooth of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) be larger than the helix angle (θ2) of the helical tooth of the second planetary gear mechanism (32).
Due to its structure, the helical gear generates a thrust force that is parallel to the rotational axis. When the directions of the thrust forces (SF1, SF2) generated by the first planetary gear mechanism (31) and the second planetary gear mechanism (32), which are both configured using a helical gear, are in mutually opposite directions, it is possible to cause the thrust forces (SF1, SF2) to cancel each other out. Typically, a thrust bearing is provided adjacent to the helical gear in the axial direction (L) in order to receive a load by the thrust force from the helical gear in the axial direction (L). When the generated thrust force is large, the load applied to the thrust bearing becomes large, thus affecting the durability of the speed reduction device (3) and the vehicle driving device (100). If the size of the thrust bearing is increased, downsizing of the vehicle driving device (100) is hindered. With the present configuration, the thrust forces of the two planetary gear mechanisms (31, 32) cancel each other out. Thus, it is possible to decrease the load applied to the thrust bearings (71, 73) and decrease the size of the thrust bearings (71, 73).
However, the size of the thrust force is correlated to the transmission torque and the larger the transmission torque is, the larger the thrust force becomes. Since the transmission torque of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) is larger than the transmission torque of the first planetary gear mechanism (31), the thrust force (SF2) of the second planetary gear mechanism (32) is larger than the thrust force (SF1) of the first planetary gear mechanism (31). The size of the thrust force is correlated to the helix angle of the helical tooth of the helical gear, and the larger the helix angle is, the larger the thrust force becomes. If a first helix angle (01) that is a helix angle of the helical tooth of the first planetary gear mechanism (31) is larger than a second helix angle (02) that is a helix angle of the helical tooth of the second planetary gear mechanism (32), the proportion of the thrust force among forces output from the gear mechanism is larger in the first planetary gear mechanism (31) than in the second planetary gear mechanism (32). That is, with the present configuration, it is possible to decrease the difference in the thrust force resulting from the difference in the transmission torque, with the helix angle of the helical tooth. This means that it is possible to decrease the load applied to the thrust bearings (71, 73) by causing the thrust forces of the two planetary gear mechanisms (31, 32) to cancel each other out. As a result, it is possible to realize the speed reduction device (3) and the vehicle driving device (100) with a short length in the axial direction (L) and excellent durability.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017-199759 | Oct 2017 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/038205 | 10/12/2018 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/074118 | 4/18/2019 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20210062893 A1 | Mar 2021 | US |
