Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6290380
-
Patent Number
6,290,380
-
Date Filed
Monday, March 1, 199925 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, September 18, 200122 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
Agents
- Armstrong, Westerman, Hattori, McLeland & Naughton, LLP
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 362 543
- 362 544
- 362 549
- 362 519
- 362 249
- 362 240
- 362 278
- 362 267
- 362 241
- 362 247
- 362 341
- 439 57
- 439 547
- 439 56
- 439 6992
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
A vehicle lamp unit is provided. The vehicle lamp unit comprises a plurality of bulb sockets each provided with a bulb, and a frame having bulb attachment holes for accommodating the respective bulb sockets. A reflection surface is formed on a surface to be the inner surface of the frame. The bulbs are connected to the reflection surface via the respective bulb sockets, and a flat arranging material as a lighting conductor communicating with electric conductors of the vehicle is disposed on or buried under the reflection surface.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vehicle lamp unit, and more specifically, to a vehicle lamp unit having a lighting conductor for bulb sockets disposed on or buried under a reflection surface formed on a frame.
2. Description of the Related Art
In
FIG. 11
, a vehicle lamp unit
1
comprises a frame
2
, a lens
3
attached to the front surface of the frame
2
, and a plurality of bulb sockets
4
(three bulb sockets are shown in
FIG. 11
) attached to the rear surface of the frame
2
.
Bulb attachment holes
5
for accommodating the bulb sockets
4
are formed on the frame
2
, and a reflection surface is formed on the surface to be the inner surface of the frame
2
.
Branch lines
8
branched from joint portions
7
of a wire harness
6
are connected to the respective bulb sockets
4
, and as shown in
FIG. 12
, terminals
10
and
11
provided to each edge of the branch lines
8
are in contact with electrodes
9
a
and
9
b
of a bulb
9
attached to each of the bulb sockets
4
. Reference numeral
12
indicates a rubber stopper for waterproofing and securing each branch line.
In the prior art, the branch lines
8
arranged on the rear surface of the frame
2
become hindrance to the exchange of the bulbs
9
, resulting in poor workability in maintenance.
Also, there has been a problem that water enters from the joint portions
7
provided to the wire harness
6
.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle lamp unit having improved waterproof ability and reliability, and excellent workability in terms of maintenance.
The vehicle lamp unit in accordance with a first aspect of the present invention comprises: a plurality of bulb sockets each provided with a bulb; a frame having bulb attachment holes for accommodating the plurality of bulb sockets; a reflection surface formed on a surface to be an inner surface of the frame; and a lighting conductor connected to the bulbs via the respective bulb sockets and communicating with an electrical conductor of the vehicle, the lighting conductor being disposed on or buried under the reflection surface.
In the above structure, the joint portion for each of the bulb sockets provided to the lighting conductor in the same manner as in the prior art is disposed on or buried under the reflection surface formed on the frame, so that water entrance can be prevented in the joint portion and high reliability can be obtained. Also, in this structure, the lighting conductor is not arranged on the surface to be the outer surface of the frame. Thus, workability in exchanging bulbs can be made easier, and the lamp unit can be maintained in a better condition. This structure can also be applied to other types of lamp unit.
In accordance with a second aspect of the vehicle lamp unit of the present invention, the lighting conductor is formed from a belt-like flat arranging material, and a reflection surface corresponding to the reflection surface formed on the frame is formed on at least one side surface of the flat arranging material.
By employing the above flat arranging material as the lighting conductor, workability in arrangement can be improved. Also, the reflection surface corresponding to the reflection surface formed on the frame can prevent defects in the function of the lamp unit.
In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, the flat arranging material is arranged by caving the reflection surface formed on the frame by the thickness of the flat arranging material.
By employing the flat arranging material, the reflection surface formed on the frame and the reflection surface of the flat arranging material can be made one surface.
In accordance with a fourth aspect of the vehicle lamp unit of the present invention, the lighting conductor is made of wires which are enameled wires or metal wires; a concave groove for accommodating wires are formed by caving the reflection surface formed on the frame; a cover for the concave groove is attached to the reflection surface formed on the frame; and a reflection surface corresponding to the reflection surface formed on the frame is formed on at least one side surface of the cover.
By forming the lighting conductor from the wires and forming the concave groove on the reflection surface formed on the frame, the wires can be easily arranged. Also, the reflection surface corresponding to the reflection surface formed on the frame can prevent defects in the function of the lamp unit.
In accordance with a fifth aspect of the vehicle lamp unit of the present invention, clips or fixing grooves are formed in the concave groove.
By forming the clips or the fixing grooves in the concave groove, high stability can be obtained in arrangement so as not to displace the wires. Also, the clips or the fixing grooves can be formed at the same time as forming the frame, so that the number of components can be restricted.
In accordance with a sixth aspect of the vehicle lamp unit of the present invention, each of the bulb sockets comprises: a cylindrical bulb receiving portion for the respective bulbs; a flange protruding from an outer periphery of the bulb receiving portion; a sealing material one of whose side surfaces is in contact with the flange, and the other of whose side surfaces is in contact with a surface to be an outer surface of the frame; and a stopper flange for stopping the frame by rotating each of the bulb sockets inserted into the respective bulb attachment holes. Also, electrical connecting portions to be connected to an electrode of each of the bulb at one end of each of the electrical connecting portions are provided to the outer periphery of the bulb receiving portions.
With the above structure, the bulb sockets can be easily maintained in a good condition, while showing excellent waterproof ability and workability.
In accordance with a seventh aspect of the vehicle lamp unit of the present invention, the other end of each of the electrical connecting portions is integrally disposed along the stopper flange, so as to form a contact portion to be electrically connected to the other end of each of the electrical connecting portions formed in the vicinity of each of the bulb attachment holes on the surface to be the inner surface of the frame.
By employing such a connecting structure between the bulb sockets and the lighting conductor, the bulb sockets can be connected to the lighting conductor as they are engaged with the frame. Thus, the connecting between the bulb sockets and the lighting conductor can be made simpler.
In accordance with an eighth aspect of the vehicle lamp unit of the present invention, the other end of each of the electrical connecting portions is integrally disposed along the outer periphery of corresponding one of the bulb receiving portions, and a contact portion to be electrically connected to the other end of each of the electrical connecting portions is formed on a side surface of corresponding one of the bulb attachment holes.
With the connecting structure between the bulb sockets and the lighting conductor, the bulb sockets can be connected to the lighting conductor as they are engaged with the frame. Thus, the connecting of the bulb sockets and the lighting conductor can be made simpler. Also, excellent waterproofing can be expected, because the contact portion is not exposed on the surface to be the outer side of the frame.
In accordance with a ninth aspect of the vehicle lamp unit of the present invention, a cylindrical member is formed in the vicinity of each of the bulb attachment holes on a surface to be an outer surface of the frame.
By employing such a cylindrical member, the bulb sockets can be protected from water. Thus, excellent waterproofing can be expected, and high reliability can be obtained.
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a sectional view of the vehicle lamp unit of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 1A
is an enlarged view of a portion shown in
FIG. 1
;
FIG. 2
is an enlarged sectional view of the neighboring area of a bulb attachment hole and a bulb socket of
FIG. 1
;
FIG. 3
is a sectional view of the frame of
FIG. 1
, with the flat arranging material being attached to it;
FIG. 4
is a plan view of the contact portions formed in the vicinity of a bulb attachment hole;
FIG. 5
is a sectional view of the bulb socket taken along the line A—A of
FIG. 2
;
FIG. 6
is a sectional view of a vehicle lamp unit of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6A
is an enlarged view of a portion shown in
FIG. 6
;
FIG. 7
is an enlarged sectional view of a bulb attachment hole and a bulb socket of
FIG. 6
;
FIG. 8
is a sectional view of another example of the arrangement of
FIG. 3
;
FIG. 9
is a sectional view of a modified form of the example of
FIG. 8
;
FIG. 10
is a sectional view of yet another example of the arrangement of
FIG. 3
;
FIG. 11
is an external perspective view of a vehicle lamp unit of the prior art; and
FIG. 12
is an exploded view of the bulb socket of FIG.
11
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERED EMBODIMENTS
The following is a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In
FIG. 1
, reference numeral
21
indicates a rear combination lamp unit (hereinafter referred to as “lamp unit”) of a vehicle. The lamp unit
21
comprises a frame
22
, a lens
23
attached to the front surface of the frame
22
, and a plurality of bulb sockets
24
attached to the rear surface of the frame
22
. (Although three of them are shown in
FIG. 1
, the number is not limited to it.).
The frame
22
is integrally made of a synthetic resin material, and has three bulb attachment holes
25
for the three bulb sockets
24
. Each of the bulb attachment holes
25
is provided with notches
25
a
(shown in FIGS.
2
and
4
). In the vicinity of each bulb attachment hole
25
, cylindrical members
26
protrude from the rear surface of the frame
22
, i.e., the outer surface of the frame
22
.
As shown in
FIG. 2
, a concave groove
27
is formed on the inner surface of the frame
22
, and a belt-like flat arranging material
28
to be connected to the bulb sockets
24
is fixed to the concave groove
27
by known fixing means.
The concave groove
27
is formed by caving the frame
22
by the thickness of the flat arranging material
28
, as shown in FIG.
3
. One side surface of the flat arranging material
28
fixed to the concave groove
27
, i.e., the surface on which conductors
29
(described below) are exposed, substantially corresponds to the inner surface of the frame
22
.
The flat arranging material
28
is rectangular in section, and formed integrally with three conductors
29
by molding, as shown in FIG.
3
. The conductors
29
have desired arranging patterns (not shown) for the bulb sockets
24
, and have a shape corresponding to the shape of the frame
22
.
A reflection surface
30
is formed on the inner surface of the frame
22
, provided with the flat arranging material
28
fixed into the concave groove
27
, including the surface of the flat arranging material an the surface on which the conductors
29
of the flat arranging material
28
are exposed. The reflection surface
30
is formed by uniformly applying a coating material to the inner surface, and the coating material reflects light toward the lens
23
when a bulb
37
is switched on.
As shown in
FIG. 4
, the coating material forming the reflection surface
30
is substantially applied to the entire surface except the flat arranging material
28
in the vicinity of the bulb attachment holes
25
. The areas, where the reflection surface
30
is not formed and the conductors
29
are exposed, serve as contact portions
31
and
31
′ to be electrically connected to electrical connecting portions
39
and
39
′ (described later).
The flat arranging material
28
can be a known circuit such as a flexible print circuit or a flexible flat circuit.
Referring back to
FIG. 2
, each of the bulb sockets
24
comprises a bulb receiving portion
33
, stopper flanges
34
provided to a first end portion
33
a
of the bulb receiving portion
33
, a flange
35
provided to a second end portion
33
b
of the bulb receiving portion
33
, and an attachment portion
36
integrally formed with the flange
35
. As the bulb
37
is attached at the side of the first end portion
33
a
of the bulb receiving portion
33
, a sealing member
38
is attached to the outer periphery of the bulb receiving portion
33
.
As shown in
FIG. 5
, the bulb receiving portion
33
is cylindrically formed, and first end portions
39
a
and
39
b
of the electrical connecting portions
39
and
39
′ to be connected to two electrodes (not shown) of the bulb
37
are formed in the bulb receiving portion
33
.
Second end portions
39
c
and
39
d
of the electrical connecting portions
39
and
39
′ protrude along the stopper flanges
34
provided to the outer periphery of the bulb receiving portion
33
, and are integrally formed with the stopper flanges
34
. Although the electrical connecting portions
39
and
39
′ are molded in this embodiment, the method of forming them is not limited to it.
Referring back to
FIG. 2
, the flange
35
protrudes from the surface of the outer periphery of the bulb receiving portion
33
, and so that one surface
38
a
of the sealing member
38
is brought into contact with the flange
35
.
When the bulb socket
24
is attached to the frame
22
, the other surface
38
b
of the sealing member
38
is in contact with and pressed by the outer surface of the frame
22
so as to serve as waterproof for the frame
22
and the bulb sockets
24
.
The attachment portion
36
is formed in such a shape shown in
FIG. 2
that an operator can pinch it to rotate when attaching or detaching the bulb sockets
24
to the frame
22
.
Since the lens
23
(shown in
FIG. 1
) has a conventional structure, it will not be described below.
The process of attaching each of the bulb sockets
24
to the corresponding bulb attachment hole
25
of the frame
22
will be described below, with reference to FIG.
2
.
First, the attachment portion
36
of each of the bulb sockets
24
is pinched and adjusted to a predetermined position, so that the stopper flanges
34
of the bulb socket
24
can be inserted into the notches
25
a
of the corresponding bulb attachment hole
25
.
The bulb socket
24
is then inserted into the bulb attachment hole
25
via the corresponding cylindrical member
26
, and the stopper flanges
34
pass through the notches
25
a.
Here, the other surface
38
b
of the sealing member
38
is brought into contact with and pressed by the surface outside the frame
22
.
After the stopper flanges
34
pass through the notches
25
a,
the bulb socket
24
is rotated by 45 degrees via the attachment portion
36
, so that the electrical connecting portions
39
and
39
′ can slide along the contact portions
31
and
31
′ of the flat arranging material
28
. By doing so, the electrical connecting and attaching of the bulb sockets
24
can be complete.
In the lamp unit
21
of the above structure, a joint portion (not shown) of the flat arranging material
28
is formed for the three bulb sockets
24
inside the frame
22
, i.e., on the reflection surface
30
. The joint portion can be surely protected from entrance of water.
By arranging the flat arranging material
28
in the frame
22
, there will be no hindrance to smooth operations on the outer surface of the frame
22
. Thus, the process of exchanging bulbs can be made very easy, and workability in maintenance can be dramatically improved.
Also, since the flat arranging material
28
, to which the coating material for the reflection surface is applied, is arranged in the frame
22
, workability in arrangement becomes high, and the lamp unit
21
functions without deterioration.
Next, a second embodiment of the vehicle lamp unit of the present invention will be described below, with reference to
FIGS. 6 and 7
. It should be noted here that like components are denoted by like reference numerals in this embodiment and the first embodiment.
In
FIG. 6
, a lamp unit
41
comprises a frame
42
, a lens
23
to be attached to the front surface of the frame
42
, and a plurality of bulb sockets
43
to be attached on the side of the rear surface of the frame
42
. Although three bulb sockets are shown in
FIG. 6
, the number of bulb sockets is not fixed at
3
.
The frame
42
is integrally formed from a synthetic resin material, and like the frame
22
in the first embodiment, three bulb attachment holes
44
are formed for accommodating the three bulb sockets
43
. In the vicinity of each of the bulb attachment holes
44
, a cylindrical member
45
protrudes from the rear surface of the frame
42
, i.e., from the outer surface of the frame
42
.
In
FIG. 7
, each of the cylindrical members
45
is provided with notches
45
a
for stopper protrusions
51
and
51
′ of the corresponding bulb socket
43
, and with a pair of stopper grooves
45
b
(only one of them is shown in the figure) communicating with the notches
45
a.
A concave groove
27
are formed on the inner surface of the frame
42
, and a belt-like flat arranging material
28
for the bulb sockets
43
is attached to the concave groove
27
.
In this embodiment, the flat arranging material
28
is arranged with the concave groove
27
formed even on the side surface of each of the bulb attachment holes
44
, and the portions of the flat arranging material
28
arranged on the side surface of each of the bulb attachment holes
44
serve as contact portions
46
and
46
′ to be electrically in contact with electrical connecting portions
50
and
50
′ of the corresponding bulb socket
43
.
Meanwhile, a reflection surface
47
is formed on the inner surface of the frame
42
with the flat arranging material
28
adhering to the concave groove
27
. The reflection surface
47
is formed by uniformly applying a coating material for a reflection surface to the entire inner surface of the frame
42
, except the contact portions
46
and
46
′.
Each of the bulb sockets
43
comprises a bulb receiving portion
48
, a flange
49
communicating with the bulb receiving portion
48
, and an attachment potion
36
integrally formed with the flange
49
. As a bulb
37
is attached to one end
48
a
of the bulb receiving portion
48
, a sealing material
38
is attached onto the outer periphery of the bulb receiving portion
48
.
Each bulb receiving portion
48
is cylindrically formed, and electrical connecting portions
50
and
50
′ for the contact portions
46
and
46
′ are integrally formed along the outer periphery of each bulb receiving portion
48
. In each bulb receiving portion
48
, first end portions of the electrical connecting portions
50
and
50
′ to be connected to two electrodes (not shown) of the bulb
37
penetrate through the outer periphery, and formed in the same manner as in the first end portions
39
a
and
39
b
of the electrical connecting portions
39
and
39
′ of the first embodiment.
The flange
49
protrudes from the surface of the outer periphery of each of the bulb receiving portions
48
, so that the first surface
38
a
of the sealing material
38
is brought into contact with it. Also, a pair of stopper protrusions
51
to be engaged with stopper grooves
45
b
(only one of them is shown in the figure) of the corresponding cylindrical member
45
are formed on the outer periphery of the flange
49
.
Referring now to
FIG. 7
, the process of attaching each of the bulb sockets
43
to the corresponding bulb attachment hole
44
of the frame
22
will be described below.
First, the attachment portion
36
of each of the bulb sockets
43
is pinched and adjusted to a predetermined position, so that the stopper protrusions
51
of the bulb socket
43
can be inserted into the notches
45
a
of the cylindrical member
45
.
When the bulb socket
43
is inserted into the corresponding bulb attachment hole
44
, the stopper protrusions
51
are guided by the notches
45
a,
and the bulb socket
43
is further pushed into the corresponding bulb attachment hole
44
. Thus, the second surface
38
b
of the sealing material
38
is brought into contact with and pressed by the outer surface of the frame
42
.
The bulb socket
43
is then rotated by 45 degrees via the attachment portion
36
, so that the stopper protrusions
51
are inserted into the stopper grooves
45
b
(only one of them is shown in the figure), and that the electrical connecting portions
50
and
50
′ can slide along the contact portions
46
and
46
′ on the side surface of the bulb attachment hole
44
. By doing so, the electrical connection and attachment of the bulb sockets
43
can be complete.
As described so far, the lamp unit
41
of the above structure can attain the same effects as the lamp unit
21
of the first embodiment, and eliminate the problems of the prior art.
The following is a description of another example of arrangement of conductors for lighting on the inner surface of the frame, with reference to
FIGS. 8
to
10
.
In the example shown in
FIG. 8
, a concave groove
62
is formed in a predetermined position on the inner surface of a frame
61
. Three wires
63
are arranged in the concave groove
62
, and then covered with a cover
64
.
In the concave groove
62
, wire fixing grooves
65
for fixing the wires
63
are formed. The cover
64
is provided with escape portions
66
for the wires
63
arranged and fixed to the fixing grooves
65
.
With the wires
63
being fixed to the concave groove
62
and the cover
64
being placed over it, the same coating material for reflection surfaces as in the above embodiments is applied to the opposite surface to the escape portions
66
of the cover
64
and the inner surface of the frame
61
. Thus, a reflection surface (not shown) is uniformly formed.
In the example shown in
FIG. 9
, the fixing grooves
65
of
FIG. 8
are replaced with clips
67
protruding from the concave groove
62
.
The wires
63
are arranged with the clips
67
, and a reflection surface (not shown) may be formed uniformly on the opposite surface to the escape portions
66
of the cover
64
and on the inner surface of the frame
61
.
The wires
63
may be enameled wires or metal wires, for instance. The fixing grooves
65
and the clips
67
serve to maintain stability at the time of arranging.
In the example shown in
FIG. 10
, the flat arranging material
28
is stuck to a predetermined position on the inner surface of the frame
61
.
In this case, the flat arranging surface is stuck onto the surface, on which the conductors are exposed. A coating material for reflection surfaces is then applied onto the inner surface so as to form the inner surface of the frame
61
and the reflection surface
68
.
As described above, the examples of arrangements shown in
FIGS. 8
to
10
have no adverse influence on the functions of the lamp unit, and thus can be effective arranging methods.
Although the present invention has been fully described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise such changes and modifications depart from the scope of the present invention, they should be construed as being included therein.
Claims
- 1. A vehicle lamp unit, comprising:a plurality of bulb sockets each provided with a bulb; a frame having bulb attachment holes for accommodating the plurality of bulb sockets, the frame having a concave groove; a first reflection surface formed on an inner surface of the frame; a lighting conductor connected to the bulbs via the bulb sockets and communicating with electrical conductors of a vehicle, the lighting conductor comprising a belt-shaped flat arranging material, at least one side of the flat arranging material having a second reflection surface and the lighting conductor being accommodated in the concave groove.
- 2. The vehicle lamp unit according to claim 1, whereinthe flat arranging material is arranged by caving the inner surface of the frame.
- 3. A vehicle lamp unit, comprising:a plurality of bulb sockets each provided with a bulb; a frame having bulb attachment holes for accommodating the plurality of bulb sockets; a reflection surface formed on a surface of the frame; and a lighting conductor connected to the bulbs via the bulb sockets and communicating with electrical conductors of a vehicle, the lighting conductor being buried under the reflection surface, wherein the frame having a concave groove for accommodating the lighting conductor and a cover for enclosing the concave groove, wherein the lighting conductor is made of wires which are one of enameled and metal wires, the concave groove accommodates the wires and is formed by caving the surface of the frame, the cover for the concave groove is attached to the reflection surface formed on the frame, and the reflection surface formed on the frame is on at least one side of the cover.
- 4. The vehicle lamp unit according to claim 3, whereinone of clips and fixing grooves is formed in the concave groove.
- 5. The vehicle lamp unit according to any one of claims 1 or 2 to 4, wherein each of the bulb sockets comprises:a cylindrical bulb receiving portion for the bulb; a flange protruding from an outer periphery of the bulb receiving portion; a sealing material one of whose side surfaces is in contact with the flange, and the other of whose side surfaces is in contact with a surface to be an outer surface of the frame; a stopper flange for fixing each of the bulb sockets to the frame by rotating each of the bulb sockets inserted into each of the bulb attachment holes; and electrical connecting portions to be connected to electrodes of each of the bulbs at one end of each of the electrical connecting portions are provided to the outer periphery of the bulb receiving portions.
- 6. The vehicle lamp unit according to claim 5, whereinone end of each of the electrical connecting portions is integrally disposed along the stopper flange, so as to form a contact portion to be electrically connected to a contact portion formed in the vicinity of each of the bulb attachment holes of the frame.
- 7. The vehicle lamp unit according to claim 6, whereina cylindrical member is formed on a surface to be an outer surface of the frame and in the vicinity of each of the bulb attachment holes.
- 8. The vehicle lamp unit according to claim 5, whereinone end of each of the electrical connecting portions is integrally disposed along the outer periphery of corresponding one of the bulb receiving portions, and a contact portion to be electrically connected to the end of each of the electrical connecting portions is formed on a side surface of corresponding one of the bulb attachment holes.
- 9. The vehicle lamp unit according to claim 8, whereina cylindrical member is formed on a surface to be an outer surface of the frame and in the vicinity of each of the bulb attachment holes.
- 10. The vehicle lamp unit according to claim 5, whereina cylindrical member is formed on a surface to be an outer surface of the frame and in the vicinity of each of the bulb attachment holes.
- 11. The vehicle lamp unit according to any one of claim 1 or 2 to 4, wherein a cylindrical member is formed on a surface to be an outer surface of the frame and in the vicinity of each of the bulb attachment holes.
- 12. A vehicle lamp unit, comprising:a plurality of bulb sockets each provided with a bulb; a frame having bulb attachment holes for accommodating the plurality of bulb sockets; a lighting conductor connected to the bulbs via the bulb sockets and communicating with electrical conductors of a vehicle, the lighting conductor being disposed on a surface of the frame; and a first reflection surface formed on the surface of the frame; and a second reflection surface coated on the lighting conductor.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
10-050431 |
Mar 1998 |
JP |
|
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Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
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Bergin et al. |
Feb 1986 |
|
5519588 |
Sobeck et al. |
May 1996 |
|
5529535 |
Forish |
Jun 1996 |
|