Patent Grant
11153768
The present invention relates to a vehicle, a network component, an apparatus for a mobile transceiver, methods and computer programs for multi-client sampling, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a concept for multi-client sampling in a traffic environment.
Automated or autonomous driving is a field of research and development. One concept, which is or will be further introduced relates to collecting sensor data from vehicles. For example, temperature, visual, and telemetric data may be sensed in a vehicle and then provided to a logic entity, e.g. by means of cellular wireless communication. Such information may then be used in Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS). Furthermore, sensors such as cameras are installed at critical traffic points, e.g. intersections, tunnels, crossings etc. Data obtained using these traffic monitoring cameras can be used for traffic management and to detect emergency situations after accidents.
A concept introduced for dealing with high traffic loads is platooning, in which vehicles are grouped and which may allow making more efficient use of the road capacity. The groups of vehicles, also referred to as convoys or platoons, may be used to operate the vehicles in the group with a short distance or headway between the vehicles, as the vehicles within the group may react within a short time delay or (almost) simultaneously. This is achieved by using direct communication within the group to exchange sensor and control data between the group members. Control mechanisms can be implemented among vehicles of the group.
For example, document US 2017/0032198 A1 describes a concept for detecting objects of interest exterior to a vehicle based on hypothesis filtering of image data. Document US 2017/0369067 A1 discloses a vehicle control system wherein a host vehicle receives speed message packets from remote vehicles and sensor data of the host vehicle is used to locate the remote vehicles to determine a lane merging decision. Document WO 2018/020045 A1 describes a method for merging data from multiple object detectors in a vehicle.
There is a demand for an improved concept for collecting data in a vehicular environment. The independent claims provide an improved for collecting data in a vehicular environment.
Embodiments are based on the finding that mobile transceivers and vehicles in particular, are equipped with more and more sensors. Hence, vehicular or mobile transceiver sensors may be used to sample a real live situation or scene. Moreover, it is a finding of embodiments that the amount of data gathered by these sensors is massive and central data processing would involve communicating these massive amounts of data consuming valuable wireless resources. It is a further finding that a group or a subset of vehicles or mobile transceivers in general can be defined for data collection and group or subset internal data processing. Processed data may then be communicated from the group to an external entity. It is a finding of embodiments that from the mobile transceivers registered in a mobile communication system a cluster, subset or group can be selected and instructed with a multi-client sampling task by a network component, e.g. to generate an image of a certain object. In the group or cluster a cluster head can be specified to collect data from other cluster members and communicate the data back to the network component.
Embodiments provide a network component of a mobile communication system. Another embodiment is a base station or server comprising an embodiment of the network component. The network component comprises one or more interfaces, which are configured to communicate with mobile transceivers of the mobile communication system. The network component further comprises a control module configured to control the one or more interfaces. The control module is further configured to receive information on a multi-client sampling request and to receive information on capabilities and status of a plurality of mobile transceivers of the mobile communication system. The control module is further configured to determine a subset of the plurality of mobile transceivers based on the information on the multi-client sampling request and based on the information on the capabilities and status, wherein the subset of mobile transceivers comprises at least one mobile transceiver as cluster head and at least one other mobile transceiver. The control module is configured to provide instructions to the mobile transceivers of the subset to perform the multi-client sampling based on the multi-client sampling request by collecting requested data at the cluster head mobile transceiver using direct communication within the subset of mobile transceivers. Embodiments enable a network component to form or determine a subset or group of mobile transceivers to carry out a multi-client sampling task and to obtain the data from an assigned cluster head. By using direct communication within the subset communication resources to the network infrastructure can be conserved.
Embodiments also provide an apparatus for a mobile transceiver. Another embodiment is a mobile transceiver comprising an embodiment of the apparatus and yet another embodiment is a vehicle comprising an embodiment for the mobile transceiver or apparatus. The apparatus comprises one or more interfaces configured to communicate with a network component of a mobile communication system and configured to communicate with one or more further mobile transceivers directly. The apparatus further comprises a control module configured to control the one or more interfaces. The control module is further configured to provide information on capabilities and status to the network component of the mobile communication system, and to receive information on instructions from the network component on a multi-client sampling request. The control module is further configured to collect data based on the information on the instructions, and to enable cluster head data processing of the data based on the information on the instructions. Embodiments may enable efficient sensor data processing using direct communication in a group of mobile transceivers of a mobile communication system.
In embodiments, at the network component the information on the multi-client request may comprise information on a geographical area the multi-client request relates to, and the control module may be configured to adapt the subset of mobile transceivers based on the information on the geographical area and based on the location of the mobile transceivers. Embodiments may enable an efficient selection scheme for mobile transceivers in a certain geographical area for sensing and/or providing corresponding sensor data. Moreover, in further embodiments the control module may be configured to assign and/or reassign a role of the cluster head to a mobile transceiver based on the information on the geographical area, based on a connectivity status of the mobile transceiver, and based on the location of the mobile transceiver. Embodiments may enable to efficiently select mobile transceivers for data sensing on one side and for data communication on the other side, enabling a more efficient overall concept.
The information on the multi-client sampling request may comprise information on a request to sample one or more elements of the group of a location, an intersection, a city, a city center, a landscape, a vehicle, an object of interest, a point of interest, and a route section. Embodiments may enable efficient utilization of mobile transceivers and their sensor sets for multi-client sampling. The control module of the network component can be further configured to obtain sampled multi-client data from the cluster head. Embodiments may enable efficient data sensing and providing using a subset of mobile transceivers of the mobile communication system with an assigned cluster head. The control module may be further configured to set or configure an update rate for update provision at the cluster head. Embodiments may enable efficient cluster head role assignment, e.g. depending on the multi-client sampling request, the location of the involved mobile transceivers, and the duration of the request, etc.
In some embodiments at the apparatus for the mobile transceiver the information on the instruction comprises information on assuming the role of a cluster head of the multi-client sampling request. Hence, the apparatus is then configured to assume the role of the cluster head. The control module at the apparatus may be configured to receive information on data collected by another mobile transceiver. The control module may be configured to process the collected data and the data collected by the other mobile transceiver as cluster head. Moreover, the control module at the apparatus may then be configured to provide the processed data to the network component. Embodiments may enable a mobile transceiver to assume the role of a cluster head in line with the above.
In other embodiments another mobile transceiver may be configured as cluster head. The information on the instruction may then comprise information on another mobile transceiver assuming the role of a cluster head of the multi-client sampling request. The control module at the apparatus may then be configured to provide information on collected data to the other mobile transceiver. Embodiments may also allow configuration of a mobile transceiver as non-cluster head, e.g. in a slave mode within the subset mobile transceivers while the cluster head mobile transceiver assumes a master role. Embodiments may enable adaptively configurable mobile transceivers. The information on capabilities may comprises one or more elements of the group of information on available sensors, information on a location or position of the mobile transceiver, and information on communication capabilities of the mobile transceiver. Embodiments may base the mobile transceiver selection for the subset on such information and may enable efficient subset forming. In embodiments the control module at the apparatus may be further configured to update location information of the mobile transceiver at the network component. Embodiments may therewith be provided with a basis for efficient and adaptive subset management and cluster head assignment.
A further embodiment is a method for a network component of a mobile communication system. The method comprises receiving information on a multi-client sampling request, and receiving information on capabilities and status of a plurality of mobile transceivers of the mobile communication system. The method further comprises determining a subset of the plurality of mobile transceivers based on the information on the multi-client sampling request and based on the information on the capabilities and status. The subset of mobile transceivers comprises at least one mobile transceiver as cluster head and at least one other mobile transceiver. The method further comprises providing instructions to the mobile transceivers of the subset to perform the multi-client sampling based on the multi-client sampling request by collecting requested data at the cluster head mobile transceiver using direct communication within the subset of mobile transceivers.
A further embodiment is a method for a mobile transceiver. The method further comprises providing information on capabilities and status to a network component of the mobile communication system, and receiving information on instructions from the network component on a multi-client sampling request. The method further comprises collecting data based on the information on the instructions, and enabling cluster head data processing of the data based on the information on the instructions.
Embodiments further provide a computer program having a program code for performing one or more of the above described methods, when the computer program is executed on a computer, processor, or programmable hardware component. A further embodiment is a computer readable storage medium storing instructions which, when executed by a computer, processor, or programmable hardware component, cause the computer to implement one of the methods described herein.
Some other features or aspects will be described using the following non-limiting embodiments of apparatuses or methods or computer programs or computer program products by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
Various example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which some example embodiments are illustrated. In the figures, the thicknesses of lines, layers or regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Optional components may be illustrated using broken, dashed or dotted lines.
Accordingly, while example embodiments are capable of various modifications and alternative forms, embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the figures and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit example embodiments to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, example embodiments are to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the invention. Like numbers refer to like or similar elements throughout the description of the figures.
As used herein, the term, “or” refers to a non-exclusive or, unless otherwise indicated (e.g., “or else” or “or in the alternative”). Furthermore, as used herein, words used to describe a relationship between elements should be broadly construed to include a direct relationship or the presence of intervening elements unless otherwise indicated. For example, when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, the element may be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Similarly, words such as “between”, “adjacent”, and the like should be interpreted in a like fashion.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components or groups thereof.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The control module 14 is configured to determine a subset of the plurality of mobile transceivers 200, 201, 203 based on the information on the multi-client sampling request and based on the information on the capabilities and status. The subset of mobile transceivers 200, 201, 203 comprises at least one mobile transceiver as cluster head 201 and at least one other mobile transceiver 200, 203. The control module 14 is configured to provide instructions to the mobile transceivers 200, 201, 203 of the subset to perform the multi-client sampling based on the multi-client sampling request by collecting requested data at the cluster head 201 mobile transceiver using direct communication within the subset of mobile transceivers 200, 201, 203.
Direct communication is to be understood as transmission and reception of wireless signals between mobile devices/transceivers directly without the need to transmit signals to a base station of a mobile communication system, and to forward the information from the base station to the destination. For example, the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specified certain mechanisms for direct communication between mobile transceivers, also referred to as Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. 3GPP also defined such mechanisms for inter-vehicular communication, which is also referred to as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication.
The request for sampled data may have different origins. For example, some network entity may request image or other data of a certain location. An example would be server of a traffic supervision entity. Another example would we a private user requesting image data or traffic data along a certain route, e.g. for trip planning purposes. In embodiments the request may hence originate at different network entities.
In embodiments the one or more interfaces 12, 22, may correspond to any means for obtaining, receiving, transmitting or providing analog or digital signals or information, e.g. any connector, contact, pin, register, input port, output port, conductor, lane, etc. which allows providing or obtaining a signal or information. An interface may be wireless or wireline and it may be configured to communicate, i.e. transmit or receive signals, information with further internal or external components. The one or more interfaces 12, 22 may comprise further components to enable according communication in the mobile communication system 300, such components may include transceiver (transmitter and/or receiver) components, such as one or more Low-Noise Amplifiers (LNAs), one or more Power-Amplifiers (PAs), one or more duplexers, one or more diplexers, one or more filters or filter circuitry, one or more converters, one or more mixers, accordingly adapted radio frequency components, etc. The one or more interfaces 12, 22 may be coupled to one or more antennas, which may correspond to any transmit and/or receive antennas, such as horn antennas, dipole antennas, patch antennas, sector antennas etc. The antennas may be arranged in a defined geometrical setting, such as a uniform array, a linear array, a circular array, a triangular array, a uniform field antenna, a field array, combinations thereof, etc. In some examples the one or more interfaces 12, 22 may serve the purpose of transmitting or receiving or both, transmitting and receiving, information, such as information related to capabilities, application requirements, requests, message interface configurations, feedback, information related to control commands etc.
As shown in
The mobile communication system 300 may, for example, correspond to one of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)—standardized mobile communication networks, where the term mobile communication system is used synonymously to mobile communication network. The mobile or wireless communication system may correspond to a mobile communication system of the 5th Generation (5G) and may use mm-Wave technology. The mobile communication system may correspond to or comprise, for example, a Long-Term Evolution (LTE), an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) or a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), an evolved-UTRAN (e-UTRAN), a Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) network, a GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), or mobile communication networks with different standards, for example, a Worldwide Inter-operability for Microwave Access (WIMAX) network IEEE 802.16 or Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) IEEE 802.11, generally an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Wideband-CDMA (WCDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, a Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) network, etc.
A base station transceiver can be operable or configured to communicate with one or more active mobile transceivers 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 and a base station transceiver can be located in or adjacent to a coverage area of another base station transceiver, e.g. a macro cell base station transceiver or small cell base station transceiver. Hence, embodiments may provide a mobile communication system 300 comprising two or more mobile transceivers 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 and one or more base station transceivers, wherein the base station transceivers may establish macro cells or small cells, as e.g. pico-, metro-, or femto cells. A mobile transceiver may correspond to a smartphone, a cell phone, user equipment, a laptop, a notebook, a personal computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a Universal Serial Bus (USB)—stick, a car, a vehicle etc. A mobile transceiver may also be referred to as User Equipment (UE) or mobile in line with the 3GPP terminology. A vehicle may correspond to any conceivable means for transportation, e.g. a car, a bike, a motorbike, a van, a truck, a bus, a ship, a boat, a plane, a train, a tram, etc.
A base station transceiver can be located in the fixed or stationary part of the network or system. A base station transceiver may correspond to a remote radio head, a transmission point, an access point, a macro cell, a small cell, a micro cell, a femto cell, a metro cell etc. A base station transceiver can be a wireless interface of a wired network, which enables transmission of radio signals to a UE or mobile transceiver. Such a radio signal may comply with radio signals as, for example, standardized by 3GPP or, generally, in line with one or more of the above listed systems. Thus, a base station transceiver may correspond to a NodeB, an eNodeB, a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), an access point, a remote radio head, a relay station, a transmission point etc., which may be further subdivided in a remote unit and a central unit.
A mobile transceiver 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 can be associated with a base station transceiver or cell. The term cell refers to a coverage area of radio services provided by a base station transceiver, e.g. a NodeB (NB), an eNodeB (eNB), a remote radio head, a transmission point, etc. A base station transceiver may operate one or more cells on one or more frequency layers, in some embodiments a cell may correspond to a sector. For example, sectors can be achieved using sector antennas, which provide a characteristic for covering an angular section around a remote unit or base station transceiver. In some embodiments, a base station transceiver may, for example, operate three or six cells covering sectors of 120° (in case of three cells), 60° (in case of six cells) respectively. A base station transceiver may operate multiple sectorized antennas. In the following a cell may represent an according base station transceiver generating the cell or, likewise, a base station transceiver may represent a cell the base station transceiver generates.
Mobile transceivers 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 may communicate directly with each other, i.e. without involving any base station transceiver, which is also referred to as Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. An example of D2D is direct communication between vehicles, also referred to as Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication (V2V). In order to do so radio resources are used, e.g. frequency, time, code, and/or spatial resources, which may as well be used for wireless communication with a base station transceiver. The assignment of the radio resources may be controlled by the base station transceiver, i.e. the determination which resources are used for D2D and which are not. Here and in the following radio resources of the respective components may correspond to any radio resources conceivable on radio carriers and they may use the same or different granularities on the respective carriers. The radio resources may correspond to a Resource Block (RB as in LTE/LTE-A/LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U)), one or more carriers, sub-carriers, one or more radio frames, radio sub-frames, radio slots, one or more code sequences potentially with a respective spreading factor, one or more spatial resources, such as spatial sub-channels, spatial precoding vectors, any combination thereof, etc.
For example, direct Cellular Vehicle-to-Anything (C-V2X), where V2X includes at least V2V, V2-Infrastructure (V21), etc., transmission according to 3GPP Release 14 can be managed by infrastructure (so-called mode 3) or run in a User Equipment (UE) Autonomous mode (UEA), (so-called mode 4). In embodiments the two or more mobile transceivers 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 as indicated by
For example, the base station 100 receives a request to provide image data of said intersection 400 and now determines a subset of mobile transceivers, e.g. a cluster of mobile transceivers, based on the capability and status information. In the present embodiment the base station 100 determines that mobile transceivers 200, 201, and 203 are in line of sight of the intersection 400 and hence configures or selects these mobile transceivers 200, 201, 203 for the cluster or subset. Within the subset direct communication (D2D, V2V) is used as indicated by the broken line arrows in
Embodiments may enable an efficient method to sample given entities (such as intersections, cities, landscapes) with multiple vehicular clients. Embodiments may avoid a high amount of traffic to be sent to the network component 10 (backend server/base station 100), which hosts and controls the service, by using direct communication within the subset or cluster. Embodiments may allow provision of a sampled entity with low delay (e.g. “live view” of an intersection or important part of the city center). Embodiments may hence provide important information when self-driving vehicles enter a scene.
Embodiments may hence use both direct communication between vehicles (PC5 interface) and communication with the backend (Uu interface, mobile-to-base station communication) to create a multi-party sampling of given entities. As an example, a visualization of an intersection 400 may be generated using multiple cameras on multiple vehicles 200, 201, 203. In the following embodiments a central backend server 100 is assumed, and multiple vehicles 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 in the field as depicted in
In an embodiment each vehicle 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 that supports multi-client vehicular sampling informs the central backend-server 100 about its existence and its capabilities (including sensors, positioning, and other technical details). The vehicle 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 and the server 100 agree on an update rate at which the vehicle 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 updates the central backend server 100 on its position.
For example, a participant has requested the sampling of a given entity 400. The backend server 100 identifies or determines possible contributors to a multi-sampling view of the entity. For example, the information on the multi-client request comprises information on a geographical area the multi-client request relates to. The control module 14 is configured to adapt the subset of mobile transceivers 200, 201, 203 based on the information on the geographical area and based on the location of the mobile transceivers 200, 201, 202, 203, 204. In some embodiments such subset adaptation may be carried out by multicasting information on the sampling request in a certain geographical area, e.g. a cell or a sector in which the object 400 is located. Mobile transceiver leaving or entering the geographical area may hence automatically be added or removed from the subset. In embodiments the geographical area can also be defined by means of certain coordinates and the mobile transceiver may determine whether they are in the geographical area or not by evaluating their own location. In embodiments, instructions may be provided by a broadcast or multicast messaging, which may also comprise information on a cluster head to forward data to.
Based on the number of available contributors, their position, and their capabilities, the server 100 may decide whether a multi-client vehicular sampling of this entity is currently possible. As indicated in
The backend server 100 may instruct all vehicles 200, 201, 203 that are required for multi-client vehicular sampling. These instructions may include
An incentive to serve as a client or cluster head would be to retrieve credits from the server. These credits could be used to request sampling of entities from the server. In embodiments the control modules 14, 24 of the network component 10 and the apparatus 20 may be configured to enable a credit based incentive system. At the network component 10 the control module 14 may be configured to provide credits to participants of the subset and to deduct credits for providing the result to a multi-client sampling request. At the apparatus 20 the control module 24 may be configured to correspondingly provide credit for a request and to receive credits for its participation.
As already mentioned, in embodiments the respective methods may be implemented as computer programs or codes, which can be executed on a respective hardware. Hence, another embodiment is a computer program having a program code for performing at least one of the above methods, when the computer program is executed on a computer, a processor, or a programmable hardware component. A further embodiment is a computer readable storage medium storing instructions which, when executed by a computer, processor, or programmable hardware component, cause the computer to implement one of the methods described herein.
A person of skill in the art would readily recognize that steps of various above-described methods can be performed by programmed computers, for example, positions of slots may be determined or calculated. Herein, some embodiments are also intended to cover program storage devices, e.g., digital data storage media, which are machine or computer readable and encode machine-executable or computer-executable programs of instructions where said instructions perform some or all of the steps of methods described herein. The program storage devices may be, e.g., digital memories, magnetic storage media such as magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, hard drives, or optically readable digital data storage media. The embodiments are also intended to cover computers programmed to perform said steps of methods described herein or (field) programmable logic arrays ((F)PLAs) or (field) programmable gate arrays ((F)PGAs), programmed to perform said steps of the above-described methods.
The description and drawings merely illustrate the principles of the invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples recited herein are principally intended expressly to be only for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor(s) to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof. When provided by a processor, the functions may be provided by a single dedicated processor, by a single shared processor, or by a plurality of individual processors, some of which may be shared. Moreover, explicit use of the term “processor” or “controller” should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may implicitly include, without limitation, Digital Signal Processor (DSP) hardware, network processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), read only memory (ROM) for storing software, random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage. Other hardware, conventional or custom, may also be included. Their function may be carried out through the operation of program logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of program control and dedicated logic, or even manually, the particular technique being selectable by the implementer as more specifically understood from the context.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the invention. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.
Furthermore, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, where each claim may stand on its own as a separate embodiment. While each claim may stand on its own as a separate embodiment, it is to be noted that—although a dependent claim may refer in the claims to a specific combination with one or more other claims—other embodiments may also include a combination of the dependent claim with the subject matter of each other dependent claim. Such combinations are proposed herein unless it is stated that a specific combination is not intended. Furthermore, it is intended to include also features of a claim to any other independent claim even if this claim is not directly made dependent to the independent claim.
It is further to be noted that methods disclosed in the specification or in the claims may be implemented by a device having means for performing each of the respective steps of these methods.
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