Patent Grant
10747227
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/007,522 for Vehicle Positioning and Object Avoidance filed Jan. 27, 2016 (and published Jul. 27, 2017 as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0212517), now U.S. Pat. No. 9,983,588. Each of the foregoing patent application, patent publication, and patent is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates generally to vehicles. More particularly, example embodiments of the present invention relate to controlling a vehicle.
Generally speaking, trucks and other vehicles are useful in handling and moving materials. Forklifts, for example, comprise driver-operated self-powered trucks used for lifting, transporting, and positioning material loads in various logistical and industrial environments. The loads may comprise various configurations. For example, the loads may comprise boxes, crates, packages, etc., machinery related items, and/or items secured in a palletized configuration. The environment may comprise a variety of use settings such as a warehouse, plant, factory, shipping center, etc.
Within the use setting, the forklifts are operable for moving the loads from a first location to a second location for storage, use, or subsequent transport elsewhere. At the first location, the driver positions, e.g., a pair of parallel fork components securely beneath the load to be moved. For example, the forks may be inserted within a pair of complimentary recesses within a pallet on which the load is disposed. The forks then lift the load to a height sufficient to allow its movement from the first location, over a deck, floor, or other driving surface to the second location, where it may then be repositioned.
The forklift may be engine-powered or driven by one or more electric motors. The engine, or an electrical storage battery for energizing lift and drive motors, may be positioned behind a control station from which a driver operates the forklift. Forklifts may be configured with the control station disposed behind the lifting forks, which are positioned at the front. As the forklift moves in a forward direction, the load is carried on the forks ahead of the driver. Depending on its height and the vertical level at which it is carried, the load may thus obstruct at least a portion of the driver's view.
As with vehicles generally, and particularly in view of the weight and other characteristics of a load, the weight and operating speed of the forklift, and characteristics of operational use environment, the safe operation of forklifts depends on the visibility level the drivers are presented while moving the loads. The obstruction of a driver's view by the size of a load presents a heightened risk of collision and related accidents. Higher levels of driver experience may become significant in mitigating the heightened collision risk presented by the load obstructing the driver's vision a demand.
Therefore, it could be useful to improve the view of operators in control of vehicles such as forklifts generally, and in particular, during the lifting and moving of loads therewith. It could also thus be useful to mitigate, or compensate for a blockage, obstruction, occlusion, or other compromise in the view of an operator in control of the vehicle, which may be presented by the load lifted therewith. It could be useful, further, to reduce the risk of possible collision with avoidable obstructions disposed in the path over which the vehicle is moving the load.
Accordingly, in one aspect, an example embodiment of the present invention relates to improving the view of operators in control of vehicles such as forklifts generally, and in particular, during the lifting and moving of loads therewith. An example embodiment mitigates, and compensates for blockage, obstruction, occlusion, and other compromise over the view of an operator in control of the vehicle, as presented by the load lifted therewith. Example embodiments reduce the risk of possible collision with avoidable obstructions disposed in the path over which the vehicle is moving the load.
An example embodiment relates to a system for presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle. The system comprises a dimensioner operable, upon the lifting, for determining a size and a shape of the load object, computing a corresponding spatial representation thereof, and generating a first video signal corresponding to the computed spatial representation. The system also comprises an imager operable, during the moving, for observing a scene disposed before a front of the vehicle, relative to a forward direction of motion, and generating a second video signal corresponding to the observed scene, the imager comprising at least one element moveable vertically in relation to the lifting. The system comprises, further, a display operable for rendering a real time visual representation of the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle based on the corresponding second video signal and superimposed therewith, a representation of the computed spatial representation of the load object based on the corresponding first video signal.
The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other example features, functions and/or aspects or features of embodiments of the invention, and the manner in which the same may be implemented or accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description of example embodiments and each figure (“FIG.”) of the accompanying drawings referred to therein.
Example embodiments of the present invention are described in relation to a system for presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle. Upon the lifting, a dimensioner determines a size and a shape of the load object, computes a corresponding spatial representation, and generates a corresponding video signal. During the moving, an imager observes a scene in front of the vehicle, relative to its forward motion direction, and generates a video signal corresponding to the observed scene. The imager has at least one element moveable vertically, relative to the lifting. A display renders a real time visual representation of the scene observed in front of the vehicle based on the corresponding video signal and superimposes a representation of the computed spatial representation of the load object.
Overview.
Example embodiments are described in relation to systems and methods for presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle. The system comprises a dimensioner operable, upon the lifting, for determining a size and a shape of the load object, computing a corresponding spatial representation thereof, and generating a first video signal corresponding to the computed spatial representation. The system also comprises an imager operable, during the moving, for observing a scene disposed before a front of the vehicle, relative to a forward direction of motion, and generating a second video signal corresponding to the observed scene, the imager comprising at least one element moveable vertically in relation to the lifting. The system comprises, further, a display operable for rendering a real time visual representation of the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle based on the corresponding second video signal and superimposed therewith, a representation of the computed spatial representation of the load object based on the corresponding first video signal.
The vehicle may comprise a forklift. The forklift comprises a member, such as a movable pair of forks, operable in relation to the lifting of the load. The at least one element of the imager moveable vertically in relation to the lifting is positioned on a portion of the member disposed proximate to the front of the vehicle.
The observation of the scene comprises capturing a real time three-dimensional (3D) image of the scene disposed before the front of the vehicle. The rendering of the real time visual representation of the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle is presented at least in relation to a perspective corresponding to the at least one vertically moveable element.
The spatial representation corresponding to the load object may comprise a wireframe computed based on a determination related to a size and a shape of the load object.
In an example embodiment, the dimensioner is operable, further, and prior to the lifting of the load item, for computing a distance between the front of the vehicle and the load item. The display is operable, further, for rendering a representation corresponding to the computed distance.
The imager may comprise a trajectory analyzer operable, upon a detection of one or more avoidable objects positioned over a range within the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle, for computing a trajectory relating to the forward motion of the vehicle in relation to each of the avoidable objects. A trajectory signal corresponding to each of the avoidable objects is generated.
Upon the detection of the one or more objects, the rendering of the real time visual representation of the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle may comprise presenting a visual representation of the one or more avoidable objects and data relating to the computed trajectory.
An example embodiment may be implemented in which, upon the computed trajectory comprising an imminent risk of a collision with at least one of the avoidable objects, the trajectory analyzer is operable, further, for performing at least one action related to avoiding or ameliorating the collision risk. For example, an alarm may be annunciated in relation to the avoidance and/or amelioration of the collision risk, an evasive action, such as defensive steering, may be initiated, and/or action may be implemented in relation to braking, slowing, and/or stopping the vehicle safely to avoid or ameliorate the collision risk.
In an example embodiment the system may further comprising a plurality of cameras. The multiple cameras are operable in relation to the dimensioner and/or the imager. The cameras comprise the at least one element moveable vertically in relation to the lifting. For example, one of the cameras may be disposed upon a portion of the lifting member disposed proximate to the front of the vehicle. The display is positioned to be observable to an operator, such as the driver, of the vehicle during the lifting and the moving.
The system may be disposed in a vehicle platform and/or operable with a computer and network platform. Example embodiments of the present invention relates to the vehicle platform and to the computer and network platform. The system may be operable for performing a computer related process for presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle.
An example embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle. The method may be performed, executed, or implemented by a system, such as the system described herein. An example embodiment relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions operable for causing, configuring, controlling, or programming one or more processor devices to perform or execute a method for presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle, such as the method described herein.
Accordingly, in one aspect, an example embodiment of the present invention relates to improving the view of operators in control of vehicles such as forklifts generally, and in particular, during the lifting and moving of loads therewith. An example embodiment mitigates, and compensates for blockage, obstruction, occlusion, and other compromise over the view of an operator in control of the vehicle, as presented by the load lifted therewith. Example embodiments reduce the risk of possible collision with avoidable obstructions disposed in the path over which the vehicle is moving the load.
Example Use Setting.
As the vehicle 11 approaches proximity with the load 12, the driver (also referred to herein as an “operator”) carefully positions a horizontal part of a lifting member beneath the load 12. The operator applies an upward mechanical force to the load 12 with the lifting member, which lifts the load 12 above a plane corresponding to the horizontal surface 19.
With the load 12 lifted, the operator may then move the load horizontally across the horizontal surface 19 by driving the vehicle 11 forward. However, if the load is tall enough to block or occlude the forward vision of the driver, the presence of an unseen obstruction 17 within the direction of motion of the vehicle 11 may present a risk of a possible collision 13.
Example Vehicle Platform.
The drive 114 may comprise an engine and gear train coupled to wheels, on which the moveable frame 112 rolls across a horizontal surface, such as a deck, floor, etc. The drive may comprise, alternatively, one or more electrical motors and an electrical storage battery operable for energizing the motor(s). The electrical storage batteries may comprise electrodes, and plates comprising a conductive and electrochemically reactive metallic or metalloid material (e.g., lead) disposed in an array of parallel plates suspended within an electrolyte (e.g., sulfuric acid). Various control components may be associated with the engine related, or the motor related drive 114.
The driver operates the vehicle 11 from an operator station 118. The operator station 118 has an open or window (e.g., windshield) covered view forward, towards the front 119 of the vehicle 11. The forward direction faces a forward direction of motion, in which the vehicle 11 may move the load. The vehicle 11 also comprises a steering mechanism operable for turning at least one set of wheels and turning the direction of motion of the vehicle to the left or the right relative to the forward direction of motion. The vehicle 11 may also be moved and steered in reverse, opposite from the direction of forward motion.
The vehicle comprises, further, a system 90. The system 90 is operable for presenting information relating to the lifting and the moving of the load object and the vehicle. The system 90 comprises at least one element 925, such as a camera operable with an imager, which is moveable vertically in relation to the lifting, is positioned on a portion of the lift member disposed proximate to the front 119 of the vehicle 11. The system 90 may also comprise at least one element 922, such as a camera operable with the imager, which is vertically stationary in relation to the lifting. The system 90 comprises, further, a display 117.
An example embodiment may be implemented in which the display 117 comprises a ‘heads-up display’ (HUD). The HUD 117 is transparent and allows the driver to look forward, through it. However, the HUD 117 is operable for presenting visual information to the driver, within the forward field of view, without substantially occluding or blocking direct viewing there through.
Example System.
An example embodiment relates to a system for presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle.
The system 900 comprises a dimensioner 910. The dimensioner 910 may comprise a measurement and wireframe processor 911 and a signal generator 912. The dimensioner 910 is operable, upon the lifting, for determining a size and a shape of the load object, computing a corresponding spatial representation thereof, and generating a first video signal 918 corresponding to the computed spatial representation.
The computed spatial representation may comprise a wireframe corresponding to the size and shape of the load object. The size and shape of the load object may be computed based on image data 927 received from an imager. The first video signal 918 may be generated by a signal generator 912.
The system also comprises an imager 920. The imager 920 may comprise a plurality of real time image capture elements, such as 3D video cameras. The image capture elements comprise at least one vertically movable (relative to the lifting of the load object) element 925, which may be disposed with the lift member 113. The image capture elements may comprise, further, a vertically stationary element 926. The image capture elements are operable for capturing a visible scene disposed before the front 119 of the vehicle 11.
Thus, the imager 920 is operable, during the moving, for observing the scene disposed before a front 119 of the vehicle 11, relative to its forward direction of motion. The imager is operable, further, for generating a second video signal 928 corresponding to the observed scene before the front 119 of the vehicle 11.
The imager 920 may also comprise an image processor 921, operable for processing image data captured by the image capture elements. A signal generator 922 may be operable for generating the second video signal 928 based on image data processed by the image processor 921. Moreover, processed image data 927 may be provided from the image processor 921 to the dimensioner 910. The computation of the spatial representation of the load object may thus be based on the processed image data 911.
The system 900 comprises, further, a display 930. The display 930 may comprise the HUD component 117 (
The imager may comprise a trajectory analyzer 923. Upon detection of one or more avoidable objects positioned over a range within the observed scene disposed before the front 119 of the vehicle 11, the trajectory analyzer is operable for computing a trajectory relating to the forward motion of the vehicle in relation to each of the avoidable objects. A trajectory signal corresponding to each of the avoidable objects is generated, which may comprise a component of the second video signal 928.
Upon the detection of the one or more objects, the rendering of the real time visual representation of the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle may comprise presenting a visual representation 933 of the one or more avoidable objects, and data 935 relating to the computed trajectory.
An example embodiment may be implemented in which, upon the computed trajectory comprising an imminent risk of a collision with at least one of the avoidable objects, the trajectory analyzer 923 is operable, further, for performing at least one action related to avoiding or ameliorating the collision risk. For example, an alarm may be annunciated in relation to the avoidance and/or amelioration of the collision risk, an evasive action, such as defensive steering, may be initiated, and/or action may be implemented in relation to braking, slowing, and/or stopping the vehicle 11 safely to avoid or ameliorate the collision risk.
The system 900 is operable for providing information to the operator of the vehicle 11 in relation to positioning the load object. The system 900 is also operable for providing information to the operator of the vehicle 11 in relation to avoiding collision with objects proximate to the vehicle 11, which may be disposed in front thereof.
Example Positioning and Collision Avoidance Uses.
An example embodiment of the present invention may be implemented for use in lifting, moving, and positioning a load object with a vehicle such as a forklift.
At scenario 1200 part 1201, an operator drives a vehicle 11, such as a forklift, to approach a load object 12, such as a package disposed on a pallet.
The load 12 is disposed on a solid horizontal surface 29. An avoidable obstruction 27 is disposed before the front 119 of the forklift 11, beyond the load object 12. As a forklift 11 is picking up the load object 12, the dimensioner 910 determines its size and shape.
At part 1202 of the scenario, the vertically movable camera element 925 captures images of the scene disposed before the front 119 of the vehicle 11, including the load object 12 and the foreground thereof. The system 900 transposes a view of the captured images of the scene to a perspective consistent with that of the driver's direct view, as it would appear without obstructions, occlusions, or blocked portions of the view. The system presents the transposed view to the driver visually on the HUD 117.
At part 1203 (and effectively at the same time as part 1202), the system 900 displays a spatial representation, such as a wireframe, outlining the load object 12 and data relating to its dimensions, a distance from the front 119 of the lifting member 113 forks to the nearest surface of the load item 12, and an alignment (e.g., including angular displacement data) to pick-up points disposed on the pallet, which comprise locations associated with the load object 12 at which it may be lifted securely, safely, and without damage. Based on the corresponding wireframe, computed by the dimensioner 910 based on the size and shape of the object 12, a transparent representation 33 thereof is presented. The transparent load representation 33 is superimposed by the display 930, e.g., on the HUD 117, in an overlay rendered over the rendered representation of the visual scene disposed before the front 119 of the vehicle 11.
At part 1204, the driver operates the vehicle 11 to lift the load item 12.
At part 1206, the driver operates the vehicle 11 to move the load, safely, across the horizontal surface 29, to a new location, which is separated translationally from a location of the original position, at which the load object 12 was lifted. Upon lifting the load item 12 on the fork lifting members 113, the system 900 transposes the transparent representation thereof rendered on the HUD 117 at part 1205 at part 1207.
At part 1208, the transposed representation of the load object 12 may comprise a first view of an avoidable obstruction 27, which is disposed within the scene 999 before the front 119 of the vehicle 11. Data may also be displayed in relation to a distance to the avoidable obstruction, and a height thereof. The scene 999 before the front 119 of the vehicle 11, at part 1205, is also transposed to the view corresponding to a clear, direct perspective of the operator.
The representation of the avoidable object 27 may be highlighted, e.g., using color, brightness, contrast and other display control techniques, to call direct the operator's attention thereto. Data may also be displayed in relation to a distance to the avoidable obstruction, and a height thereof.
The vertically movable camera 925 in the lifting member 113 (e.g., forks) captures a view of what is disposed forward of the front 119 of the forklift. A trajectory analysis is performed on the view, e.g., using the trajectory analyzer 923. The view of the scene before the front 119 of the forklift 11 available to the direct sight of the operator may be blocked or occluded by the load object 12 as it is carried by the forklift 11. In an example embodiment however, this view is overlaid on the HUD 117, which renders the object 12 that the forklift 11 is carrying, appear transparent in the representation thereof. Thus, the scene before the front 119 of the forklift is effectively cleared, as viewed on the HUD 117.
The 3D camera 925 associated with the dimensioner 910 and/or the imager 920 and disposed in the forks or other lifting members 113, identifies objects within a pre-specified range forward of the front 119 of the forklift 11. The display 930 is thus operable for overlaying a red (or other colored, or high-contrast) outline around the object on the HUD 117, which helps identify the avoidable objects visually to the driver. The dimensioner may also provide trajectory data 935 therewith such as a distance to the avoidable object 27. Using the vertically movable camera element 925, the system 900 thus accommodates moving and movable forks, and forks that are placed at different heights.
Upon placing the load object 12 in the new location, the system 900 may, at part 1209, stop or pause from presenting real time video of the scene 999 actively on the HUD 117. Effectively simultaneously at part 1210, the system 900 may pause or stop from presenting the transparent superimposition of the package 12 on the HUD 117. The attention of the driver may then be directed rearward at part 1211, and the vehicle 11 may be operated in a reverse direction relative to its front 119, and the system 900 may report, automatically, via a network to a remote computer (
Example Process.
An example embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer-implemented process.
Step 101 comprises determining, upon the lifting, a size and a shape of the load object.
Step 102 comprises computing a spatial representation of the load object corresponding to the determined size and shape thereof. The step 102 of computing the spatial representation corresponding to the load object comprises computing a wireframe representation of the load item based on the determined size and shape thereof.
Step 103 comprises generating a first video signal corresponding to the computed spatial representation.
Step 104 comprises observing, during the moving and using at least one element moveable vertically in relation to the lifting, a scene disposed before a front of the vehicle, relative to a forward direction of motion. The observing the scene step 104 may comprise capturing a real time 3D image of the scene disposed before the front 119 of the vehicle 11.
Step 105 comprises generating a second video signal corresponding to the observed scene.
Step 106 comprises rendering a real time visual representation of the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle based on the corresponding second video signal.
Step 107 comprises rendering the computed spatial representation based on the corresponding first video signal, the rendered computed spatial representation of the load object superimposed in relation to the rendered real time visual representation of the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle.
The step 106 of rendering of the real time visual representation of the observed scene disposed before the front 119 of the vehicle 11 is presented at least in relation to a perspective corresponding to the at least one vertically moveable element 925.
In an example embodiment, the method 100 may also comprise computing, prior to the lifting of the load item, a distance between the front of the vehicle and the load item. A representation of data corresponding to the computed distance may be rendered by the display 930.
An example embodiment may be implemented in which the determining the size and a shape of the load object step 101, the observing the scene disposed before the front of the vehicle step 104, and/or the computation of the distance between the front of the vehicle and the load item may comprise processing image data captured with a plurality of cameras. The cameras comprise the at least one element 925, which is moveable vertically in relation to the lifting.
An example embodiment may be implemented in which the method 100 further comprises analyzing the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle. Based on the analysis of the observed scene, a presence of one or more avoidable objects is detected, which are positioned over a range within the observed scene disposed before the front of the vehicle. A trajectory is computed relating to the forward motion of the vehicle in relation to each of the avoidable objects and a corresponding trajectory signal generated in relation to each of the avoidable objects. A visual representation of the one or more avoidable objects is rendered, along with data relating to the computed trajectory.
Upon the computed trajectory comprising a data indicative of an imminent risk of a collision with at least one of the avoidable objects, at least one action may be performed in relation to avoiding (or ameliorating) the collision. Example embodiments may be implemented in which the actions performed in avoidance (or amelioration) of the possible collision comprise annunciating an alarm related to the avoiding of the collision, initiating an evasive action such as careful evasive steering, and/or carefully braking, slowing, and/or stopping the vehicle.
Example Computer & Network Platform.
An example embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer and network platform.
An example embodiment may be implemented in which one or more components of the information presentation system 900 comprise (or are configured in) electronic or computer based hardware, firmware and software stored physically (e.g., electrically, electronically, optically, electromagnetically, magnetically) in non-transitory computer readable storage media such as dynamic memory, flash memory, drives, caches, buffers, registers, latches, memory cells, or the like.
In an example embodiment of the present invention, the system 900 comprises a control area network (CAN) bus 1153 and a controller interface 1197. The CAN bus 1153 is operable for exchanging data signals between a plurality of electronic components of the system 900.
For example, the CAN bus 1153 may be operable for allowing an exchange of signals between the dimensioner 910 and the imager 920 and display 930, and between the imager 920, the dimensioner 910, and the display 930. The CAN bus 1153 is also operable for exchanging signals between the dimensioner 910, the imager 920, the display 930, and the controller interface 1197.
The controller interface 1197 is operable for exchanging signals between the system 900 and a control computer (“controller”) 1110. The CAN bus 1153 is operable, further, for exchanging signals between the controller interface 1197 and a system interface 1117 of the controller 1110.
The controller 1110 is operable for exchanging data signals with the system 900. For example, the controller 1110 may transmit commands to the system 900, receive signals therefrom, and update software associated therewith.
The controller 1110 comprises a data bus 1111. The controller 1110 also comprises a central processor unit (CPU) 1112, a memory, such as a dynamically-operable random access memory (RAM) 1113, and a data storage unit 1114. The data bus 1111 is operable for exchanging signals between the components of the computer 1110. The data storage unit 1114, and the RAM 813, may comprise non-transitory computer-readable storage media.
The non-transitory computer-readable storage media may comprise instructions 1115. The instructions 1115 may be operable for causing, configuring, controlling, and/or programming operations of the system 900, and an information presentation process such as the method 100 (
The controller 810 may also comprise a statically-operable memory such as a read-only memory (‘ROM’), and one or more additional processors, the operations of which may relate to image processing, graphic processing (‘GPU’), digital signal processing (‘DSP’), and/or mathematics (‘Math’) co-processing, which may each be performed with an associated, dedicated, and/or shared dynamic memory. The controller 1110 may also comprise input receiving devices, including electromechanically and/or electromagnetically-actuated switches, sensors, etc.
The controller 810 may comprise a liquid crystal display (LCD) device 1190. An example embodiment may be implemented in which the LCD 1190 comprises a graphical user interface (GUI) 1191, which is operable for receiving haptic user inputs applied over portions of a surface of a viewing area of the LCD 1190. The controller 810 may also comprise a network interface 815. An example embodiment may also (or alternatively) be implemented in which the LCD 1190 is associated, or operable in conjunction, with the HUD 117 and the display 930. The controller 1110 also comprises a network interface 1116.
The network interface 1116 is operable for coupling and exchanging data, communicatively, with a data and communication network 1155. One or more remote vehicles 1177 and/or remote computers 1188 may be coupled, communicatively, via the network 1155, and/or interact with the controller 1100, and/or with an operation of the system 900. Thus, the system 900 may be operable within a larger system, more generalized context, and wider use environments, such as may relate to logistics, commerce, shipping, storage, transport, material handling, etc.
To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporates entirely by reference the following commonly assigned patents, patent application publications, and patent applications:
Example embodiments of the present invention are thus described in relation to presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle. Upon the lifting, a dimensioner determines a size and a shape of the load object, computes a corresponding spatial representation, and generates a corresponding video signal. During the moving, an imager observes a scene in front of the vehicle, relative to its forward motion direction, and generates a video signal corresponding to the observed scene. The imager has at least one element moveable vertically, relative to the lifting. A display renders a real time visual representation of the scene observed in front of the vehicle based on the corresponding video signal and superimposes a representation of the computed spatial representation of the load object.
Example embodiments of the present invention are thus useful for improving the view of operators in control of vehicles such as forklifts generally, and in particular, during the lifting and moving of loads therewith. Example embodiments mitigate, and compensate for blockage, obstruction, occlusion, and other compromise over the view of an operator in control of the vehicle, as presented by the load lifted therewith. Example embodiments reduce the risk of possible collision with avoidable obstructions disposed in the path over which the vehicle is moving the load.
For clarity and brevity, as well as to avoid unnecessary or unhelpful obfuscating, obscuring, obstructing, or occluding features of an example embodiment, certain intricacies and details, which are known generally to artisans of ordinary skill in related technologies, may have been omitted or discussed in less than exhaustive detail. Any such omissions or discussions are neither necessary for describing example embodiments of the invention, nor particularly relevant to understanding of significant elements, features, functions, and aspects of the example embodiments described herein.
In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such example embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and the term “or” is used in an inclusive (and not exclusive) sense. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180267551 A1 | Sep 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15007522 | Jan 2016 | US |
| Child | 15986226 | US |
