Patent Grant
12143766
The present invention relates to automotive music, sound, and entertainment systems and, more specifically, to speaker configurations for use in automotive or vehicular sound systems (collectively referred to herein as “audio system(s)”).
Audio systems are commonplace in automobiles, trucks, vans, sports utility vehicles, and all other vehicles (collectively “vehicles”). Such systems range from simple radios to elaborate configurations of high-tech CD, DVD, and Bluetooth systems with a variety of different speakers, amplifiers, equalizers, software up-mixers, etc. Regardless of the simplicity or complexity of the systems, many of these systems suffer from challenges related to the sound environment of the vehicle in which they are installed. Some of these problems include structuring a system within a small enclosed environment while addressing reverberations of sound; the number and location of sound-reflective surfaces (such as glass, metal, dashboards, etc.); the variability and location of sound-absorptive areas (such as seats and clothing, etc.); limited locations in which to install sound equipment around more essential automotive equipment; and the various angles that need to be addressed between the origin of the sound and the ears of the various vehicle occupants.
Some audio systems attempt to address these issues by allowing adjustments to the sound quality, such as adjustments to the treble or the base. Other systems come preprogrammed for sound adjustments based on the listener's location, such as “driver mode”. Still other systems allow users to adjust the speakers from which the sound emanates. Finally, some vehicle owners will opt to install custom designed sound systems to address some or all of the problems associated with manufacturer-installed audio systems.
Any sound system, whether it is in a vehicle, home, recording studio or concert venue, must produce sound that exhibits the following criteria if the system is to accurately reproduce audio program material: (1) phase correct, (2) time correct, (3) timbre matched and (4) level matched. “Phase correct” refers to the relative phase alignment between the different speaker drivers through the shared parts of the audio spectrum at the prime listening position. “Time correct” refers to the time arrival of all frequencies of the audio spectrum at the prime listening position. “Timbre matched” refers to the relative spectral balance of each audio channel at the prime listening position. Generally, sounds may be characterized by pitch, loudness and quality. Sound “quality” or “timbre” describes those characteristics of sound which allow the ear to distinguish sounds which have the same pitch and loudness. Timbre is a general term for the distinguishable characteristics of a tone. “Level matched” refers to the relative level in sound pressure level (“SPL”) of each speaker driver measured at the prime listening position. The present invention, among other things, improves and better optimizes the characteristics of being phase correct and time correct in audio systems in addition to being timbre matched and level matched.
Most speakers and speaker systems today are designed to incorporate separate drive units in different locations to provide sound across the frequency spectrum. Many speaker manufacturers take individual, separate drive units, and place them in a single box or in several boxes to create a full range system. However, as soon as you divide the audio signal into separate sections and transmit it from different points in space all sorts of problems occur that prevent the sound from satisfying the 4-part test of being (1) phase correct, (2) time correct, (3) timbre matched and (4) level matched.
Theoretically, a “perfect speaker” is a speaker that is able to reproduce the entire desired audio frequency spectrum, typically from 20 hz to 20 khz. This is scientifically impossible to achieve as the very size of the speaker and its relative mass determines what frequencies the speaker is able to reliably reproduce. Large diaphragm speaker drivers are able to reproduce lower frequencies because those frequencies require a large moving mass to create the appropriate desired sound waves. Conversely, very small diameter speaker drivers are best at reproducing higher frequency signals because the speaker driver is required to move very rapidly to reproduce these higher frequencies; a task a larger driver could not fulfill due to its mass.
A typical speaker design usually requires the speaker drivers to reproduce a 3 to 4 octave frequency range. To accomplish that, these designs will use three or four separate speaker drivers to cover the full audio spectrum, 20 hz to 20 khz. This type of speaker design requires the use of a crossover or dividing network that directs the proper frequency range to the appropriate speaker driver. To achieve accurate reproduction of the sound it is very important that proper phase and time characteristics are maintained through the crossover regions. This is the most difficult task in speaker design as some designs will incorporate two to three separate crossover regions that require proper phase and time alignment. In many speaker designs, one to two of these regions often occur in the 1 khz to 5 khz frequency range. This is the frequency range to which the human ear is most sensitive and acute.
Concentric, coaxial speakers, by their design, are phase correct and time correct. In simple terms, a concentric, coaxial speaker is a speaker in which the individual driver units radiate sound from the same point or axis. These speakers are commonly referred to as both concentric, coaxial speakers and point source speakers and are collectively referred to herein as “concentric, coaxial speakers”. An example of such a speaker is embodied in Chinese Patent No. CN2798477Y, entitled “Coaxial array horn speakers” and The Singled-Point Concentric™ Technology (Patent No. ZL200420089900 to Shenzhen SV Technology Co., Ltd). Concentric, coaxial speakers provide for a full range of sound that is more realistic and acoustically true than separate speakers. By incorporating concentric, coaxial speakers into a vehicular speaker system, the present invention solves many of the problems that are inherent in attempting to produce accurate, high-resolution sound inside a vehicle.
Alternatively, a wide-band, wide band, wideband or widebander speaker (herein “widebander speaker”) is a single speaker driver used to reproduce up to 7.5 octaves of the audio frequency spectrum. This design eliminates the need for a crossover network, which allows the widebander to remain time and phase correct throughout the reproduced audio spectrum. As in all things, there are benefits and costs to different technologies. The widebander speaker affords the benefit of no crossover but suffers in other areas. For example, the ability of the widebander speaker to cover the full 7 to 8 octave audio spectrum is limited. Widebander speakers are made by a number of companies including Audison®, Dayton Audio®, and Orion®.
The present invention also is designed to be incorporated into the traditional layout of many vehicles; thus, it does not require elaborate and expansive customization to provide a higher quality sound experience inside a vehicle. These and several other advantages are described and claimed herein.
One embodiment of the present invention is a speaker system for use in a vehicle having a windshield and a dashboard with a driver side and a passenger side. The speaker system comprises at least one concentric, coaxial speaker located in a sealed enclosure and mounted in a location where the windshield meets the dashboard. Additionally, for this embodiment, the windshield and the dashboard operate to form an acoustic horn or waveguide for the at least one speaker.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a speaker system for use in a vehicle having a windshield and a dashboard with a driver side and a passenger side. The speaker system of this embodiment comprises at least one widebander speaker located in a sealed enclosure and mounted in a location where the windshield meets the dashboard. Additionally for this embodiment, the windshield and the dashboard operate to form an acoustic horn or waveguide for the at least one speaker.
A third embodiment of the present invention is a method of installing a speaker in a vehicle that has a windshield and a dashboard, with a driver side and a passenger side. The method of this embodiment comprises mounting at least one widebander speaker where the windshield meets the dashboard.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention is a method of locating speakers in a vehicle having a windshield, a dashboard and a preferred listening position, comprising the following steps: (1) mounting at least one speaker, which can produce sound, at the apex of the windshield and the dashboard; (2) enclosing the at least one speaker in a sealed enclosure; and (3) aiming the at least one speaker so that the sound is targeted at the preferred listening position.
For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention, the accompanying drawings and description illustrate preferred embodiments thereof, from which the invention, various embodiments of its structures, construction and method of operation, and many advantages, may be understood and appreciated. The accompanying drawings are hereby incorporated by reference.
The following describes example embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. This invention, however, may be embodied in many different ways, and the descriptions provided herein should not be construed as limiting in any way. Among other things, the following invention may be embodied as methods, systems or devices. The following detailed descriptions should not be taken in a limiting sense. The accompanying drawings are hereby incorporated by reference.
In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one. In this document, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive “or” such that “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated. Furthermore, all publications, patents, and patent documents referred to in this document are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, as though individually incorporated by reference. In the event of inconsistent usages between this document and those documents so incorporated by reference, the usage in the incorporated reference(s) should be considered supplementary to that of this document; for irreconcilable inconsistencies, the usage in this document controls.
While the disclosure has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers the modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
The methods 50 and speaker systems 20 of the present invention address multiple issues that exist with audio systems currently on the market. More specifically, the present invention improves and optimizes the phase correct and time correct aspects of existing technologies. The present invention achieves a phase and time correct alignment by utilizing, in one embodiment, at least one concentric, coaxial speaker 22. The concentric, coaxial speaker 22, by its very design, is time and phase correct. By placing a hi-frequency driver in the throat of a midrange driver and aligning the voice coils of the concentric, coaxial speaker 22 to share the same physical alignment, the sound produced by the concentric, coaxial speakers 22 are time and phase correct.
In general, vehicle manufacturers currently do not and have not incorporated the use of concentric, coaxial speakers 22 into vehicular audio systems. Existing technologies and designs use separate high- and mid-frequency speakers placed in different locations in the vehicle interior. To the extent that existing technologies use anything that approximates a concentric, coaxial speaker 22, it is not truly concentric because the high-frequency and mid-frequency speakers' voice coils are not in proper alignment. Therefore, existing technologies are not in-phase or in-time. When an audio system is not phase and time correct, it is impossible for the human ear to decode the audio information properly and correctly. This impacts the sound quality and user enjoyment of the audio system.
The various embodiments of the present invention encompass speaker systems 20 and methods 50 of mounting speakers 22, 70 and related equipment in vehicles 10 to optimize the sound quality within this challenging environment for high-quality sound projection.
To better understand the present invention and its advantages, it is useful to understand the placement and location of the operator 60 within the interior of most vehicles 10. The terms “operator” and “driver” are used interchangeably herein to refer to the human operator 60 or driver 60 of a vehicle 10. As shown in more detail in
Additionally, as shown in further detail in
Preferred embodiments of both the speaker system 20 and the installation method 50 of this invention includes the following components: (1) at least one but preferably at least two concentric, coaxial speakers 22 that are (2) located in a vehicle 10 where the dashboard 12 and windshield 11 meet; (3) each concentric, coaxial speaker 22 is located in a sealed enclosure 24; and (4) optionally, but preferably, the dashboard 12 is treated with an acoustically absorbing material 40. The dashboard 12 of every vehicle 10 has a driver side 13 and a passenger side 14. For many embodiments of the present invention incorporating at least two concentric, coaxial speakers 22, one speaker 22 is located near the driver side 13 of the dashboard 12 and one speaker 22 is located near the passenger side 14 of the dashboard 12. For embodiments incorporating only one concentric, coaxial speaker 22 that one speaker 22 can be located anywhere in the vehicle 10 but preferably is located near the center of the dashboard 12.
The first element of these embodiments is the use of at least one concentric, coaxial speaker 22. To further elaborate on the benefits of concentric, coaxial speakers 22 beyond that which is provided in the BACKGROUND section, the benefit of such speakers 22 comes from their having a hi-frequency driver mounted at the same plane (and in the throat of) the mid-range driver (
Additionally, as illustrated in
Concentric, coaxial speakers' reduction of sound distortion is due in part to the incorporation of constant directivity horns, which control the acoustic dispersion from the driver(s). This provides for even coverage at all frequencies at the target area. Controlling the directivity also allows the sound from a speaker to be more precisely targeted at the listener.
Concentric, coaxial speakers 22 also, by their design, produce a more consistent conical directivity pattern across a wider range of frequencies. This results in clearer and more accurate sound reproduction at the target location. This preferred embodiment of the present invention employs at least two, but possibly one or three or more, concentric, coaxial speakers 22 designed, installed and located as described below to control the direction of the sound and to produce a clearer and truer sound quality.
Concentric, coaxial speakers 22 can be designed and made in a variety of sizes. The present invention includes the use of any size concentric, coaxial speaker 22 to achieve the optimum sound quality in a given vehicle 10 and/or to meet any other design or manufacturing requirements (including but not limited to minimizing the amount of customization in the design of a vehicle 10, fitting into and around other vehicle components located in or near the windshield 11 and dashboard 12, optimizing the cost and/or price of the speaker system 20, etc.) For many applications, 3-inch concentric, coaxial speakers 22 will balance the needs of vehicle manufacturers with the desire to produce cleaner, purer, less muddled sound in a vehicle 10.
Alternative yet similar embodiments of both the speaker systems 20 and the installation methods 50 of this invention includes the following components: (1) at least one but preferably at least two widebander speakers 70 that are (2) located in a vehicle 10 where the dashboard 12 and windshield 11 meet; (3) each widebander speaker 70 is located in a sealed enclosure 24; and (4) optionally, but preferably, the dashboard 12 is treated with an acoustically absorbing material 40. For many embodiments of the present invention incorporating at least two widebander speakers 70, one widebander speaker 70 is located near the driver side 13 of the dashboard 12 and one widebander speaker 70 is located near the passenger side 14 of the dashboard 12. For embodiments incorporating only one widebander speaker 70 that one widebander speaker 70 can be located anywhere in the vehicle 10 but preferably is located near the center of the dashboard 12.
The first element of these embodiments is the use of at least one widebander speaker 70. The benefit of such speakers 70 comes from the speakers' ability to reproduce up to 7.5 octaves of the audio frequency spectrum without the need for a cross over network. Widebander speakers, by their design, remain time and phase correct throughout the reproduced spectrum.
The various embodiments of speaker systems 20 and methods 50 disclosed herein are achieved through the use of any of the following: (a) one or more concentric, coaxial speakers 22, (b) one or more widebander speakers 70, (c) any combination of concentric, coaxial speaker(s) 22 and widebander speaker(s) 70; (d) combinations of at least one concentric, coaxial speakers 22 and one or more other types of speakers; and (c) combinations of at least one widebander speaker 70 and one or more other types of speakers. The various speaker locations illustrated in
The at least one concentric, coaxial speaker 22 and/or the at least one widebander speaker 70 are each located within a pseudo-acoustic horn 30 or waveguide 30. A traditional acoustic horn 30 is a tapered sound guide designed to provide an acoustic impedance match between a sound source and free air. This maximizes the efficiency with which sound waves from the source are transferred to the air. A horn 30 also increases the level of the sound traveling through the horn 30 and provides for predictable directivity control of the sound. The walls of a horn 30 restrict the spreading of the sound waves such that the sound can be focus at its target location and kept out of areas where it is not desired. These attributes of a horn 30 are incorporated into preferred embodiments of the present invention and contribute to the invention's ability to produce clear sound at the location of the vehicle operator 60 and/or passenger.
The concentric, coaxial speakers 22 and/or widebander speakers 70 are located along the front of the vehicle 10 where the windshield 11 meets the dashboard 12 (also referred to herein as the “apex” 16 of the windshield 11 and dashboard 12). The apex 16 of the windshield 11 and the dashboard 12 is that narrowed or pointed convergence of the planes of the windshield 11 and the dashboard 12. This is shown most clearly in
Each of the concentric, coaxial speakers 22 and/or widebander speakers 70 is located in a sealed enclosure 24 that seals the back of the speaker 22, 70 off from the front of the speaker 22, 70. The sealed enclosures 24 serve primarily two purposes: (1) the sealed enclosures 24 control the rear or backward waves; and (2) the sealed enclosures 24 increase the power handling of the speakers 22, 70. The sealed enclosure 24 of the present invention can be achieved by designing the speakers 22, 70 to have an independent enclosure 24 such that the speaker 22, 70 and its enclosure 24 are installed in the vehicle 10. Alternatively, the enclosure 24 may be a part of the design of the vehicle 10, such that the speakers 22, 70 are installed into an enclosure 24 that is (at least in part) an existing structure in the vehicle 10. A non-limiting example for some speakers, such as a mid-base speaker 26 or subwoofer 28 would be to have at least one side of the enclosure 24 be a portion of the vehicle's firewall. The enclosure 24 prevents sound waves generated by the rearward-facing surface of the diaphragm of an open speaker driver from interacting with sound waves generated at the front of the speaker driver. The forward- and rearward-generated sounds are out of phase with each other. Therefore, if the rearward sounds permeate into the listing space they will cause a distortion of the original signal as it was intended to be reproduced. Additionally, because the forward- and rearward-sound waves travel different paths to and through the listening space, the sound waves in an unenclosed speaker 22, 70 arrive at the listener or the target position at slightly different times, resulting in unintended (and undesirable) echo and reverberation. This results in a muddling of the sound that is produced by the speakers 22, 70. By locating the concentric, coaxial speakers 22 and/or widebander speakers 70 of the present invention in sealed enclosures 24, the effects of rearward sound waves are mitigated.
The sealed enclosure 24 also traps a volume of air inside of it. The relationship between the characteristics of the speaker 22, 70 and the volume of air inside the sealed enclosure 24 impacts the performance of the speaker 22, 70 and the production of high-fidelity sound. Therefore, the size of the enclosure 24 and the volume of air inside of it can be used to increase the power handling of the speaker 22, 70 and/or to modify the quality of the sound emanating from the speaker 22, 70.
The present invention, in the preferred embodiments, comprises the use of at least two concentric, coaxial speakers 22 and/or at least two widebander speakers 70, each of which is in a sealed enclosure 24 and each of which is located in the front of a vehicle 10 where the windshield 11 meets the dashboard 12 (one speaker 22 toward the driver side 13 and one toward the passenger side 14). The use of these types of speakers 22, 70 designed and located in this manner will produce a cleaner, clearer, more acoustically true sound that what is currently on the market in many vehicles 10. However, this design can be further optimized by also coating, covering or treating the dashboard 12 with an acoustically absorbent material 40 or manufacturing the dashboard 12 (or parts of the dashboard 12) from an acoustically absorbent material 40. Covering the dashboard 12 with acoustically absorbent material 40 further reduces unwanted forward reflections. The reduction of the forward reflected sound is important because reflected sound will arrive at the listening position at a later time interval than direct sound. This will cause unwanted phase issues and will make it difficult for the brain to decode the audio data. This phenomenon can be avoided by mitigating this reflected sound at its point of first reflection, which is at the dashboard 12.
For most purposes, the use of two concentric, coaxial speakers 22 or two widebander speakers 70 in a speaker system 20 of the design and location described herein provides sound that is significantly improved over existing vehicle sound systems. For many embodiments, these pairs of speakers 22 have each speaker 22, 70 located on opposites sides of the front of the vehicle 10 (one speaker 22, 70 toward the driver side 13 and one speaker 22, 70 toward the passenger side 14) and positioned to optimize the sound at the listener's location as shown in
One embodiment of a speaker system 20, method of installing speakers 50 and method of locating speakers 22, 70 according to the present invention is shown in
When incorporating the present invention into vehicle audio systems that have additional speakers in various locations inside the vehicle 10, it is preferable to have speakers share the same vertical plane whenever possible because this results in better alignment of the speaker drivers with respect to phase and time. In home audio systems, this is achieved by having the speakers mounted on a flat baffle and placed in the same vertical plane. However, it is significantly more difficult to achieve a comparable alignment in a vehicle 10. One embodiment of the present invention overcomes such difficulties by placing the mid-bass speakers 26 in the front footwell 17 so that they share the same vertical plane as the concentric, coaxial speakers 22 and/or widebander speakers 70 designed and located according to the present invention (illustrated in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
The present invention also encompasses various embodiments of methods of installing 50 a speaker in a vehicle 10, wherein the vehicle 10 has a windshield 11 and a dashboard 12 with a driver side 13 and a passenger side 14. These installation methods 50 comprise mounting at least one concentric, coaxial speaker 22 and/or widebander speaker 70 where the windshield 11 meets the dashboard 12.
Various embodiments of these methods 50 involve the concentric, coaxial speakers 22 and/or widebander speakers 70 each being in a sealed enclosure 24 and being mounted in a location where the windshield 11 meets the dashboard 12. For these embodiments, the windshield 11 and dashboard 12 operate to form an acoustic horn 30 or waveguide 30 for each speaker 22, 70.
One embodiment of the method 50 of installing a speaker 22, 70 comprises mounting one concentric, coaxial speaker 22 and/or widebander speaker 70 on the driver side 13 of the dashboard 12 and a second concentric, coaxial speaker 22 and/or widebander speaker 70 on the passenger side 14 of the dashboard 12. An alternative method 50 includes mounting a third concentric, coaxial speaker 22 and/or widebander speaker 70 near the center 15 of the dashboard 12.
Any variation of the methods 50 presented herein can include covering all or portions of the dashboard 12 with an acoustically absorbent material 40 or making all or portions of the dashboard 12 from acoustically absorbent material(s) 40. Additionally, any variation of the methods 50 presented herein can include designing, manufacturing or forming some portion or all of the dashboard 12 into the shape of an acoustic horn 30.
More specific variations of the installation method(s) 50 of the present invention include the use of at least one 3-inch concentric, coaxial speaker 22. Additional variations incorporate mounting at least one mid-bass speaker 26 in a vehicle's front footwell 17 in vertical alignment with at least one concentric, coaxial speaker 22 and/or widebander speaker 70. Additional alternative embodiments of the methods 50 can incorporate mounting a subwoofer 28 in a sealed enclosure 24 and located behind the dashboard 12.
This application is a Continuation-in-Part Application claiming priority to U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 17/205,272, filed on Mar. 18, 2021, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3276538 | Guyton et al. | Oct 1966 | A |
| 4503930 | McDowell | Mar 1985 | A |
| 5297212 | Murayama et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5966453 | Koyano et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 6428172 | Hutzel et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 8073156 | Hutt et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 20030021433 | Lee | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20040047476 | Sato | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040109575 | Thigpen | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20050041819 | Brown | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20120025486 | Armitage et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20150307037 | Kim | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20170169810 | Nesbit et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20200322717 | Negishi et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2798477 | Jul 2006 | CN |
| 2020150822 | Jul 2020 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Website article “Where to mount speakers for best imaging” http://rftech.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/29/˜/where-to-mount-speakers-for-best-imaging, published Dec. 20, 1999, Updated Aug. 6, 2020. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for PCT Application PCT/US2022/020726 dated Jul. 20, 2022. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220303668 A1 | Sep 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17205272 | Mar 2021 | US |
| Child | 17748267 | US |
