Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6722786
-
Patent Number
6,722,786
-
Date Filed
Wednesday, December 5, 200122 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, April 20, 200420 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
Agents
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 384 544
- 384 537
- 384 589
- 384 585
- 384 548
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
A vehicle-use bearing apparatus including a hub wheel formed of steel material to which a wheel is mounted and a rolling bearing mounted to an outer periphery of the hub wheel. An end portion of the hub wheel is expanded radially outward toward an inner ring provided to the rolling bearing to be formed into a caulked portion and a percentage of sulfur content is adjusted to be 0.020% by weight or less in steel material of which the caulked portion is formed.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hub unit to which a wheel and a disc rotor of a disc brake apparatus are mounted and other vehicle-use bearing apparatuses. More particularly the present invention relates to a vehicle-use bearing apparatus provided with a double row rolling bearing with vertex of contact angles outside of bearing on an outer periphery of a hub wheel.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a conventional vehicle-use bearing apparatus a cylindrical recessed portion is formed at an axial end of a hub wheel. The portion is bent and deformed radially outward and caulked onto an outer end face of an inner ring of a rolling bearing by using a rolling caulking jig to thereby prevent the rolling bearing from coming off the hub wheel and to apply pre-load to the rolling bearing.
The hub wheel is formed by using steel material such as JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) S40C to S58C and SUJ2, for example. Such material includes sulfur for convenience in turning and in order to obtain stability of quality. For example, a percentage of sulfur content in steel material is specified to be 0.035% by weight or less when the steel material of JIS S40C to S58C is used as the steel material for the hub wheel and a percentage of sulfur content in steel material is specified to be 0.025% or less when the steel material of SUJ2 is used respectively in terms of convenience in turning and stability of quality for the steel material.
The present inventors found that a minute crack occurred in the caulked portion when rolling caulking was carried out and pursued study of it. As a result, because a percentage of sulfur content in the steel material to be used was set at an upper limit value or a value approaching the upper limit value in order to further improve a turning property and stability of quality, manganese sulfide was liable to be generated in the steel material by chemical combination of sulfur with manganese included in the steel material. The manganese sulfide which is a nonmetallic inclusion generated in the steel material became a starting point of a crack in the rolling caulking. Then, the inventor further pursued study and found a percentage of sulfur content with which the crack could be suppressed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is a main object of the present invention to provide a vehicle-use bearing apparatus in which occurrence of a minute crack in a caulked portion can be suppressed in processing of the caulked portion by properly adjusting a specified percentage of sulfur content in steel material.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following descriptions.
In brief, a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to the present invention includes a hub wheel formed of steel material to which a wheel is mounted and a rolling bearing mounted to an outer periphery of the hub wheel. An end portion of the hub wheel is expanded radially outward toward an inner ring provided to the rolling bearing to be formed into a caulked portion.
A percentage of sulfur content is adjusted to be 0.020% by weight or less with which occurrence of a crack starting from manganese sulfide in forming the caulked portion can be suppressed in steel material of which the caulked portion is formed.
In case of the present invention, the percentage of sulfur content is adjusted to be 0.020% by weight or less with respect to the specification. Thus generation of manganese sulfide or a nonmetallic inclusion can be suppressed and occurrence of the minute crack starting from manganese sulfide in the caulked portion in processing of the caulked portion can be suppressed. As a result, few vehicle-use bearing apparatuses have to be discarded due to the minute crack generated in the caulked portion and a supply performance of the product can be improved.
In the present invention, preferably, a steel type of the steel material of which the caulked portion is formed is one selected from among JIS S40C to S58C including 0.37% by weight to 0.61% by weight carbon, SAE 1040 to 1095 including 0.37% by weight to 1.03% by weight carbon, SUJ1 to SUJ5 including 0.95% by weight to 1.10% by weight carbon, and SAE 52100 including 0.98% by weight to 1.10% by weight carbon. A percentage of sulfur content in the selected steel material is preferably adjusted to be 0.020% by weight or less.
With such adjustment, because occurrence of the minute crack in the caulked portion can be suppressed while maintaining a turning property of material in forming a caulking cylindrical recessed portion by inclusion of sulfur, few products have to be discarded to thereby improve the supply performance of the product.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other objects as well as advantages of the invention will become clear by the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1
is a sectional view of a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2
is a graph in which a horizontal axis designates a percentage of sulfur content and a vertical axis designates a rate of occurrence of a crack in a caulked portion in the vehicle-use bearing apparatus in
FIG. 1
;
FIG. 3
is a sectional view of a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4
is a sectional view of a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5
is a sectional view of a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6
is a sectional view of a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7
is a sectional view of a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8
is a sectional view of a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 9
is a sectional view of a vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to
FIG. 1
a vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
is a structure applied to a follower-wheel side of a vehicle and includes a hub wheel
2
as a follower shaft to which a wheel is mounted and a double row rolling bearing
3
for supporting the hub wheel
2
for rotation with respect to a vehicle body about an axial center P. This bearing
3
is a double row angular contact ball bearing with vertex of contact angles outside of bearing.
The hub wheel
2
is formed of a small-diameter portion
5
corresponding to a vehicle inner side, a large-diameter portion
6
corresponding to a vehicle outer side, and a hub flange
7
formed at the large-diameter portion
6
to project radially outward. To the hub flange
7
, a brake disc rotor (not shown) is fixed.
On an end face of the small diameter portion
5
of the hub wheel
2
on the vehicle inner side, a caulking cylindrical recessed portion
8
, which is shown with a phantom line, is formed by turning. By deforming a peripheral portion of the cylindrical recessed portion
8
to increase a diameter of the peripheral portion radially outward, a caulked portion
9
is formed. This caulked portion
9
is pressed against an end face of an inner ring member
13
which will be described later.
The bearing
3
includes a single outer ring member
10
, a plurality of balls
11
and
12
, the inner ring member
13
, and retainers
14
.
A mounting flange
15
is formed to project radially outward on an outer peripheral face of the outer ring member
10
and a support member (not shown) called a knuckle or a carrier is fixed to the flange
15
. Thus, the outer ring member
10
is supported so as not to rotate with respect to the vehicle body. The outer ring member
10
has on an inner peripheral face thereof two rows of raceways adjacent to each other in an axial direction.
The plurality of balls
11
and
12
are arranged as rolling elements in the two rows of raceways in the outer ring member
10
.
The inner ring member
13
has on an outer peripheral face thereof a single raceway which pairs up with the raceway in the outer ring member
10
on the vehicle inner side. The inner ring member
13
is fitted with an outer peripheral face of the hub wheel
2
.
In the bearing
3
, a necessary area of the outer peripheral face of the hub wheel
2
is used as a raceway which pairs up with the raceway in the outer ring member
10
on the vehicle outer side.
An assembly procedure of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
having the above structure will be described.
First, the cylindrical recessed portion
8
is formed at the end portion of the small-diameter portion
5
of the hub wheel
2
on the vehicle inner side.
Then, the outer ring member
10
is mounted to the hub wheel
2
through the balls
12
for the row on the vehicle outer side and the inner ring member
13
is mounted to the hub wheel
2
through the balls
11
for the row on the vehicle inner side.
Then, a caulking jig
17
is pushed against the cylindrical recessed portion
8
in such a manner as to be fitted in the cylindrical recessed portion
8
while fitting the large-diameter portion
6
of the hub wheel
2
over a caulking receiving jig
16
.
Then, the caulking jig
17
is rolled about the axial center P of the hub wheel
2
and the peripheral portion of the cylindrical recessed portion
8
is deformed in such a direction as to increase the diameter of the peripheral portion to thereby form the caulked portion
9
and the caulked portion
9
is crimped onto the end face of the inner ring member
13
.
Thus, the inner ring member
13
can be prevented from coming off the hub wheel
2
and predetermined pre-loads are applied to the respective rolling elements
11
and
12
to thereby manufacture the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
.
The present embodiment is characterized in that steel material including 0.37% by weight to 1.10% by weight carbon is used as steel material of which the hub wheel
2
is formed. In this steel material, a percentage of sulfur content is adjusted to be 0.020% by weight or less and more desirably 0.015% by weight or less.
As types of the steel material of which the hub wheel
2
is formed, there are JIS S40C to S58C, SAE 1040 to SAE 1095, SUJ 1 to SUJ 5, and SAE 52100, for example.
Specified percentages of carbon content of the respective steel materials are 0.37% by weight to 0.61% by weight, 0.37% by weight to 1.03% by weight, 0.95% by weight to 1.10% by weight, and 0.98% by weight to 1.10% by weight in order.
In
FIG. 2
, a horizontal axis designates a percentage (% by weight) of sulfur content in the steel material. A vertical axis designates a rate of occurrence (%) of a crack in the caulked portion
9
when the steel material of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
is subjected to caulking as describe above.
The caulking at this time is carried out on conditions that a pressurizing force applied by the caulking jig
17
to the hub wheel
2
is 98 kN and that the number of revolutions of the caulking jig
17
is 1,000 rpm.
In
FIG. 2
, if the percentage of sulfur content in the steel material is 0.025% by weight, a crack occurs in the caulked portion
9
at a rate of occurrence of about 3%. If the percentage of sulfur content is 0.020% by weight or less, a crack hardly occurs in the caulked portion
9
. If the percentage of sulfur content is 0.015% by weight or less, the rate of occurrence of the crack becomes zero.
The reason why occurrence of the crack can be prevented in forming the caulked portion
9
is considered that generation of manganese sulfide which is a nonmetallic inclusion can be suppressed by setting the percentage of sulfur content at the above value.
The present invention can also be applied to a vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
on a side of a follower wheel as shown in FIG.
3
. This vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
includes a hub wheel
2
, a double row rolling bearing
3
, and an outer ring member
10
.
The bearing
3
includes a single outer ring member
22
, two inner ring members
20
and
21
adjacent to each other in an axial direction, and a plurality of balls
11
and
12
. The bearing
3
also constitutes a double row angular contact ball bearing with vertex of contact angles outside of bearing as well as the case of FIG.
1
.
The outer ring member
22
has on an inner peripheral face thereof two rows of raceways adjacent to each other in the axial direction.
The inner ring
20
on the vehicle inner side has a raceway which pairs up with the raceway in the outer ring member
22
on the vehicle inner side.
The inner ring
21
on the vehicle outer side has a raceway which pairs up with the raceway in the outer ring member
22
on the vehicle outer side.
The plurality of balls
11
and
12
are arranged in two rows between both the raceways in the outer ring member
22
and the raceways in both the inner ring members
20
and
21
.
A mounting flange
15
such as a knuckle is not provided to an outer peripheral face of the outer ring member
22
of the bearing
3
. The outer ring member
10
including the mounting flange
15
is fixed to the outer peripheral face of the outer ring
22
of the bearing
3
through locating snap rings
10
a
and
10
b.
The hub wheel
2
includes a caulked portion
9
formed by expanding a cylindrical recessed portion
8
at an end portion of the hub wheel
2
on the vehicle inner side radially outward with a caulking jig
17
and caulking the cylindrical recessed portion
8
onto an end face of the inner ring member
20
on the vehicle inner side.
The present invention can be applied to a vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
on a side of a flower wheel as shown in FIG.
4
. This vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
has a structure formed by integrating the outer ring member
22
and the other outer ring member
10
in the bearing
3
of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
shown in FIG.
3
. Because other structures are similar to those of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
shown in
FIG. 3
, description of them will be omitted.
The invention can be applied to a vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
on a side of a driving wheel as shown in FIG.
5
. In this vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
, a central hole
23
through which a power transmitting shaft (not shown) is inserted is formed at a center of the hub wheel
2
. Because other structures of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus are similar to those of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
shown in
FIG. 4
, description of them will be omitted.
The present invention can be applied to a vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
on a side of a driving wheel as shown in FIG.
6
. In this vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
, a central hole
23
through which a power transmitting shaft (not shown) is inserted for rotation integral with the hub wheel
5
is formed at a center of the hub wheel
2
of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
shown in FIG.
1
. Because other structures are similar to those of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
shown in
FIG. 1
, description of them will be omitted.
The present invention can be applied to a vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
on a side of a driving wheel as shown in FIG.
7
. In this vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
, a hollow rotary shaft
26
is formed integrally with a bowl-shaped outer ring member
25
of a constant velocity joint to which a driving force of an engine is transmitted. The hollow rotary shaft
26
is inserted into a central hole
23
of the hub wheel
2
from a vehicle inner side. The bowl-shaped outer ring member
25
and the hub wheel
2
are supported on an outer ring member
10
through balls
11
and
12
for rotation about an axial center P. In the case of this vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
, the hub wheel
2
, the bowl-shaped outer ring member
25
, the outer ring member
10
and the balls
11
and
12
also constitute the double row angular contact ball bearing with vertex of contact angles outside of bearing.
The hub wheel
2
has on an outer peripheral face thereof a hub flange
7
and the outer ring member
10
has on an outer peripheral face thereof a mounting flange
15
.
In this vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
, a caulking jig
17
is fitted in a caulking cylindrical recessed portion
8
at an end portion of the rotary shaft
26
on a vehicle outer side. The cylindrical recessed portion
8
is crimped onto an end face of the hub wheel
2
by rolling the caulking jig
17
about the axial center P.
The present invention can be applied to a vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
on a side of a follower wheel as shown in FIG.
8
. In this vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
, a hub wheel
2
and an inner ring member
13
are supported for rotation about an axial center P and constitute the double row angular contact ball bearing with vertex of contact angles outside of bearing on an outer ring member
10
through double-row conical rollers
28
and
29
as rolling elements. The inner ring member
13
is fitted over an end portion of the hub wheel.
A midpoint area of an outer peripheral face of the hub wheel
2
is used as an inner ring raceway for the conical rollers
29
in the row on a vehicle outer side. An outer peripheral face of the inner ring member
13
is used as an inner ring raceway for the conical rollers
28
in the row on a vehicle inner side.
The hub wheel
2
has on an outer peripheral face thereof a hub flange
7
and the outer ring member
10
has on an outer peripheral face thereof a mounting flange
15
.
In this vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
, a caulking jig
17
is fitted in a caulking cylindrical recessed portion
8
at the end portion of the hub wheel
2
on a vehicle inner side. The caulking cylindrical recessed portion
8
is crimped onto an end face of the inner ring member
13
by rolling the caulking jig
17
about the axial center P.
As another example of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
for which the double-row conical rollers
28
and
29
are used as shown in
FIG. 8
, there is a vehicle-use bearing apparatus (not shown) in which a pair of inner ring members adjacent to each other in an axial direction are provided and outer peripheral faces of the inner ring members are respectively used as inner ring raceway faces for the conical rollers.
Furthermore, as another example of the vehicle-use bearing apparatus for which the double-row conical rollers are used, a central hole through which a power-transmitting shaft is inserted is formed at a center of a hub wheel to use the hub wheel as a vehicle-use bearing apparatus on a side of a driving wheel.
The present invention can be applied to a vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
on a side of a driving wheel shown in FIG.
9
. In this vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
, a double row rolling bearing
3
for supporting a hub wheel
2
for rotation about an axial center P includes a pair of inner ring members
20
and
21
through which the hub wheel
2
is inserted for rotation with the inner ring members
20
and
21
about the axial center P and an outer ring member
10
disposed on an outside through balls
11
and
12
for which outer peripheral faces of the respective inner ring members
20
and
21
are used as inner ring raceway faces. This double row rolling bearing
3
constitutes a double row angular contact ball bearing with vertex of contact angles outside of bearing.
The outer ring member
10
of this double row rolling bearing
3
is press fitted into a through hole of a support member (knuckle or carrier)
30
mounted to a vehicle body.
The hub wheel
2
has a hub flange
7
on and to which a brake disc rotor
31
is placed and mounted and a rotary shaft
26
integrally formed with a bowl-shaped outer ring member
25
of a constant velocity joint is fitted in a central hole of the hub wheel
2
for rotating with the hub wheel
2
.
Then, a caulked portion
9
is formed by respectively deforming opposite portions of the through hole of the support member
30
radially inward toward end faces of the outer ring
10
.
It is also possible to form a stopper extending toward the axial center P at the portion of the through hole on the vehicle outer side in forming the support member
30
and to deform the portion of the through hole on the vehicle inner side radially inward to form the caulked portion
9
after press fitting the outer ring member
10
into the through hole of the support member
30
.
In any of the above vehicle-use bearing apparatuses
1
, a percentage of carbon content is adjusted to be 0.37% by weight to 1.10% by weight and a percentage of sulfur content is adjusted to be 0.020% by weight or less and desirably 0.015% by weight or less in the steel material of which the caulked portion
9
is formed.
Although a boss portion or an end portion is employed as a receiving position in the vehicle-use bearing apparatus
1
in caulking in each the above embodiment, the receiving position is not limited to this and may be a flange portion, for example. It is also possible to carry out caulking while employing two or more portions among the boss portion, the end portion, and the flange portion as the receiving positions.
In any case, generation of manganese sulfide which is a nonmetallic inclusion can be suppressed by setting the percentage of carbon content and the percentage of sulfur content and thus, occurrence of the minute crack in forming the caulked portion
9
can be prevented. As a result, no products are discarded, a cost of a product is stabilized, and supply performance of the product can be improved.
Although S55C is used and the steel material in which the percentage of carbon content is set at 0.52% by weight to 0.58% by weight and the percentage of sulfur content is set at 0.020% by weight or less or the steel material in which the percentage of sulfur content is set at 0.015% by weight or less is used as material of which the caulked portion
9
is formed in each the above embodiment, SUJ2 (alloy steel) may also be used as the material of which the caulked portion
9
is formed.
In the case of this SUJ2, a crack occurs in the caulked portion
9
in about 3% of products if the percentage of sulfur content is 0.025% by weight. Therefore, when the alloy steel of a kind of SUJ2 is used, the percentage of carbon content is set at 1.10% by weight and the percentage of sulfur content is adjusted to be 0.020% by weight to produce the products. As a result, generation of MnS (manganese sulfide) which is a nonmetallic inclusion can be suppressed and a crack hardly occurs in the caulked portion
9
similarly to the case in which S55C is used. When the percentage of sulfur content is set at 0.015% by weight or less, a rate of occurrence of the crack becomes zero, no products are discarded, a cost of the product is stabilized, and supply performance of the product can be improved.
Although S55C or SUJ2 is employed as the steel type to be used in each the above embodiment, the steel type is not limited to this and it is also possible to use S40C to S58C, SAE1040 to SAE1095, SUJ1 to SUJ5, and SAE52100 excluding S55C and SUJ2 in some cases and to set the percentage of sulfur content at 0.020% by weight or 0.015% by weight in the steel material. In any case, operations and effects similar to those of each the above embodiment can be obtained.
While there has been described what is at present considered to be preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be understood that various modifications may be formed therein, and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
Claims
- 1. A vehicle-use bearing apparatus comprising:a hub wheel foamed of steel material to which a wheel is mounted; and a rolling bearing mounted to an outer periphery of said hub wheel, wherein an end portion of said hub wheel is expanded radially outward toward an inner ring member provided to said rolling bearing to be formed into a caulked portion and a percentage of carbon content is adjusted to be in a range of about 0.50% to about 1.10% by weight and a percentage of sulfur content is adjusted to be about 0.015% by weight or less in steel material of which said caulked portion is formed.
- 2. The vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a steel type of the steel material of which said caulked portion is formed is one selected from among JIS S53C to S58C including about 0.50% by weight to about 0.61% by weight carbon, SAE 1055 to 1095 including about 0.50% by weight to about 1.03% by weight carbon, SUJ1 to SUJ5 including about 0.95% by weight to about 1.10% by weight carbon.
- 3. The vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rolling bearing includes a single outer ring member having two rows of raceways adjacent to each other in an axial direction, a plurality of rolling elements arranged in said two rows of raceways, and an inner ring member having a single raceway which pairs up with said raceway in said outer ring member on a vehicle inner side and is fitted with an outer peripheral face of said hub wheel and a necessary area of said outer peripheral face of said hub wheel is used as a raceway which pairs up with said raceway in said outer ring member on a vehicle outer side.
- 4. The vehicle-use bearing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said hub wheel has a central hole through which a rotary shaft is inserted for rotation with said hub wheel.
Priority Claims (3)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
P2000-370691 |
Dec 2000 |
JP |
|
P2001-260878 |
Aug 2001 |
JP |
|
P2001-334695 |
Oct 2001 |
JP |
|
US Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
20020174544 |
Webb et al. |
Nov 2002 |
A1 |
Foreign Referenced Citations (3)
Number |
Date |
Country |
0854303 |
Jul 1998 |
EP |
10-196661 |
Jul 1998 |
JP |
10-272903 |
Oct 1998 |
JP |