Patent Grant
9038598
The present invention relates to a vehicle with a mixed gas generating system and a vehicle with a fuel producing system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a vehicle with a mixed gas generating system for generating a mixed gas consisting of H2 and CO generated by electrolysis and a vehicle with a fuel producing system for converting this mixed gas to a fuel.
Patent Literature 1 discloses, for example, a vehicle on which an internal combustion engine which can use an H2 containing gas as an engine fuel, a reforming device for generating an H2 containing gas from alcohol, and a supply device for supplying this H2 containing gas to the internal combustion engine are mounted. Moreover, Patent Literature 1 discloses that the above-described H2 containing gas can be used with gasoline as an engine fuel.
Moreover, Patent Literature 2 discloses that methane is synthesized by supplying CO and H2 to a cell and is re-used as an energy source, wherein CO and H2 are generated by electrolysis while supplying CO2, which is generated by combustion of a fossil fuel, and water to a cell different from the above-described cell.
Patent Literature 1: National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2009-540219
Patent Literature 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No, 9-85044
In the vehicle of the above-described Patent Literature 1, exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine is used for heating a reforming catalyst in the reforming device. Thus, when operated only with the H2 containing gas, it is likely that temperature rise of the reforming catalyst at the start of the engine is not sufficient, and thus the H2 containing gas cannot be sufficiently generated. If the H2 containing gas cannot be sufficiently generated, the H2 containing gas is not supplied to the internal combustion engine, and an operation state becomes unstable. On the other hand, if gasoline can be used with the H2 containing gas, the temperature of the reforming catalyst can be raised by combusting gasoline at the start of the engine. However, in this case, alcohol and gasoline need to be mounted on the vehicle and they need to be replenished periodically. Thus, a labor and a distribution cost will become necessary for replenishing alcohol or gasoline to the vehicle.
In this regard, the technology in Patent Literature 2 uses CO2 generated by combustion of gasoline to generate H2, and the above-described problem does not occur. However, the technology in the above-described Patent Literature 2 places an emphasis on recycling of CO2 as a resource and does not disclose a specific configuration when it is mounted on a vehicle.
The present invention was made in order to solve the above-described problems. That is, the present invention has an object to provide a vehicle with a mixed gas generating system for supplying H2 and CO generated by electrolysis, or a fuel obtained by synthesizing these H2 and CO to the internal combustion engine and a vehicle with a fuel producing system.
To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a first aspect of the present invention is a vehicle with a mixed gas generating system comprising:
an internal combustion engine capable of using a mixed gas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen as an engine fuel;
mixed gas generating means for generating said mixed gas by electrolyzing carbon dioxide contained in an exhaust from said internal combustion engine and/or atmospheric air and water, respectively; and
mixed gas supply means connected to said mixed gas generating means and supplying said mixed gas to said internal combustion engine.
A second aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the first aspect, wherein said mixed gas generating means is provided with:
carbon dioxide absorbing means containing an absorbing liquid having a carbon dioxide absorbing characteristic;
an electrolytic bath connected to said carbon dioxide absorbing means and containing the same type of solution as said absorbing liquid; and
absorbing liquid circulating means for circulating said absorbing liquid in said carbon dioxide absorbing means through said electrolytic bath and back to said carbon dioxide absorbing means.
A third aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the second aspect, wherein
said carbon dioxide absorbing means is provided in a bypass passage bypassing a part of an exhaust passage of said internal combustion engine.
A forth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the third aspect, further comprising:
absorbing liquid storing means provided between said carbon dioxide absorbing means and said electrolytic bath and temporarily storing said absorbing liquid sent from said carbon dioxide absorbing means;
exhaust pressure obtaining means for obtaining, an exhaust pressure flowing through said bypass passage; and
liquid sending amount control means for controlling an amount of said absorbing liquid to be sent to said absorbing liquid storing means from said carbon dioxide absorbing means in accordance with said exhaust pressure.
A fifth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the third aspect or the forth aspect, further comprising:
exhaust pressure adjusting means provided in said exhaust passage on the downstream side of said bypass passage and capable of adjusting said exhaust pressure.
A sixth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the second aspect, wherein
said mixed gas generating means is further provided with atmospheric air introducing means for introducing atmospheric air into said carbon dioxide absorbing means.
A seventh aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the sixth aspect, further comprising:
absorbing liquid storing means provided between said carbon dioxide absorbing means and said electrolytic bath and temporarily storing said absorbing liquid sent from said carbon dioxide absorbing means;
vehicle speed obtaining means for obtaining a vehicle speed; and
liquid sending amount control means for controlling an amount of said absorbing liquid to be sent to said absorbing liquid storing means from said carbon dioxide absorbing means in accordance with said vehicle speed.
An eighth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the sixth aspect, further comprising:
absorbing liquid storing means provided between said carbon dioxide absorbing means and said electrolytic bath and temporarily storing said absorbing liquid sent from said carbon dioxide absorbing means;
vehicle speed obtaining means for obtaining a vehicle speed;
inter-vehicle distance obtaining means for obtaining an inter-vehicle distance between the vehicle and a preceding vehicle; and
liquid sending amount control means for controlling an amount of said absorbing liquid to be sent to said absorbing liquid storing means from said carbon dioxide absorbing means in accordance with said vehicle speed and said inter-vehicle distance.
A ninth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the sixth aspect, further comprising:
absorbing liquid storing means provided between said carbon dioxide absorbing means and said electrolytic bath and temporarily storing said absorbing liquid sent from said carbon dioxide absorbing means;
vehicle speed obtaining means for obtaining a vehicle speed;
carbon dioxide concentration in atmospheric air obtaining means for obtaining, a carbon dioxide concentration in the atmospheric air; and
liquid sending amount control means for controlling an amount of said absorbing liquid to be sent to said absorbing liquid storing means from said carbon dioxide absorbing means in accordance with said vehicle speed and said carbon dioxide concentration in the atmospheric air.
A tenth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to any one of the second to ninth aspects, wherein
said mixed gas generating means is further provided with run water supply means for collecting rain water and supplying the rain water to said electrolytic bath.
An eleventh aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to any one of the second to ninth aspects, wherein
said mixed gas generating means is further provided with exhaust-derived condensed water supply means for condensing steam in an exhaust flowing through said exhaust passage and supplying the condensed water to said electrolytic bath.
A twelfth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to any one of the second to ninth aspects, wherein
said mixed gas generating means is further provided with atmospheric-derived condensed water supply means for condensing steam in atmospheric air and supplying the condensed water to said electrolytic bath.
A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, further comprising:
a generator for generating power by using an output of said internal combustion engine; and
a battery capable of storing power of said generator, wherein
said mixed gas generating means generates said mixed gas by power fed from said battery.
A fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a mixed gas generating system according to the first to thirteenth aspect, further comprising:
an on-board generating device for converting at least one of solar light, solar heat, exhaust heat, and wind power to electric power, wherein
said battery is configured to be capable of storing electric power of said on-board generating device.
To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is a vehicle with a fuel producing system comprising:
an internal combustion engine capable of using, a hydrocarbon synthetic fuel synthesized from a mixed gas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen as an engine fuel;
mixed gas generating means for generating said mixed gas by electrolyzing carbon dioxide contained in an exhaust from said internal combustion engine and/or atmospheric air and water, respectively;
fuel synthesizing means containing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst capable of converting said mixed gas generated by said mixed gas generating means to said synthetic fuel; and
synthetic fuel supply means connected to said fuel synthesizing means and supplying said synthetic fuel generated by said fuel synthesizing means to said internal combustion engine.
A sixteenth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to the fifteenth aspect, wherein
said fuel synthesizing means is provided in a bypass passage bypassing a part of an exhaust passage of said internal combustion engine,
the vehicle further comprising:
a bypass passage switching valve for switching opening/closing of said bypass passage;
a mixed gas valve for connecting or shutting of said mixed gas generating means and said fuel synthesizing means;
catalyst state determining means for determining whether or not said Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is in a predetermined active state; and
valve control means for controlling said bypass passage switching valve so as to open said bypass passage and for controlling said mixed gas valve so as to connect said mixed gas generating means and said fuel synthesizing means when it is determined that said Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is in said predetermined active state.
A seventeenth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to the fifteenth aspect, wherein
said fuel synthesizing means is provided in a bypass passage bypassing a part of an exhaust passage of said internal combustion engine,
the vehicle further comprising:
a bypass passage switching valve for switching opening/closing of said bypass passage;
a mixed gas valve for connecting or shutting off said mixed gas generating means and said fuel synthesizing means;
catalyst state determining means for determining whether or not said Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is in a predetermined active state while said internal combustion engine is stopped; and
valve control means for controlling said mixed gas valve so as to connect said mixed gas generating means and said fuel synthesizing means when it is determined that said Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is in said predetermined active state.
An eighteenth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to the fifteenth aspect, wherein
said fuel synthesizing means is provided in an EGR passage connecting an intake passage and said exhaust passage of said internal combustion engine, and
said synthetic fuel supply means is an EGR passage switching valve for switching opening/closing of said EGR passage,
the vehicle further comprising:
a mixed gas valve for connecting or shutting off said mixed gas generating means and said fuel synthesizing means;
operation condition determining means for determining whether or not an operation condition of said internal combustion engine is in a predetermined exhaust reflux area and a predetermined high-exhaust temperature area; and
valve control means for controlling said EGR passage switching valve so as to open said EGR passage and for controlling said mixed gas valve so as to connect said mixed gas generating means and said fuel synthesizing means when it is determined that said operation condition is in said predetermined exhaust reflux area and said predetermined high-exhaust temperature area.
A nineteenth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to any one of the fifteenth to eighteenth aspects, further comprising:
a fuel tank provided between said synthetic fuel generating means and said synthetic fuel supply means and storing said synthetic fuel generated by said synthetic fuel generating means and gasoline; and
a heat exchanger provided between said fuel synthesizing means and said fuel tank and performing heat-exchange between said synthetic fuel generated by said synthetic fuel generating means and cooling water for cooling said internal combustion engine.
A twentieth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to any one of the fifteenth to eighteenth aspects, further comprising:
a gasoline tank for storing gasoline; and
a canister provided between said synthetic fuel generating means and said synthetic fuel supply means and also connected to said gasoline tank, the canister storing said synthetic fuel generated by said synthetic fuel generating means and vaporized gasoline vaporized from the gasoline in said gasoline tank.
A twenty-first aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to any one of the fifteenth to twentieth aspects, further comprising:
an exhaust purification catalyst provided in an exhaust passage of said internal combustion engine and purifying exhaust from said internal combustion engine, wherein
said synthetic fuel supply means is configured to be capable of adding said synthetic fuel generated by said synthetic fuel generating means to said exhaust passage on the upstream side of said exhaust purification catalyst.
A twenty-second aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to any one of the fifteenth to twenty-first aspects, further comprising:
a generator for generating power using an output of said internal combustion engine; and
a battery capable of storing electric power of said generator, wherein
by power fed from said battery, said mixed gas generating means generates said mixed gas and said fuel synthesizing means converts said mixed gas to said synthetic fuel,
A twenty-third aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to the twenty-second aspects, further comprising:
an on-board generating device for converting at least one of solar light, solar heat, exhaust heat, and wind power to electric power, wherein
said battery is configured to be capable of storing electric power of said on-board generating device.
A twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to the twenty-second aspect or the twenty-third aspect, further comprising:
power receiving means capable of receiving electric power from a power supply outside the vehicle, wherein
said battery is configured to be capable of storing electric power received by said power receiving means.
A twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to any one of the fifteenth to twenty-first aspects, further comprising:
power receiving means capable of receiving electric power from a power supply outside the vehicle, wherein
by electric power fed from said power receiving means while the vehicle is stopped, said mixed gas generating means generates said mixed gas and said fuel synthesizing means converts said mixed gas to said synthetic fuel.
A twenty-sixth aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to any one of the twenty-second to twenty-fifth aspects, further comprising:
elapsed time determining means for determining whether or not elapsed time after production of said synthetic fuel exceeds a predetermined allowable time, wherein
if said elapsed time exceeds said predetermined allowable time, power fed to said mixed gas generating means and said fuel synthesizing means is prohibited.
A twenty-seventh aspect of the present invention is the vehicle with a fuel producing system according to any one of the fifteenth to twenty-first aspects, further comprising:
a generator for generating electric power by using an output of said internal combustion engine;
power receiving means capable of receiving electric power from a power supply outside the vehicle;
a battery capable of storing electric power of said generator and electric power received by said power receiving means;
mode switching means for switching a mode between a battery storing mode for storing electric power received by said power receiving means in said battery and a fuel production mode for feeding electric power received by said power receiving means to said mixed gas generating means and said fuel synthesizing means; and
mode switching control means for controlling said mode switching means so as to switch to said battery storing mode if a stored power amount of said battery is smaller than a predetermined amount, and to said fuel production mode if said stored power amount is larger than the predetermined amount.
According to the first invention, the mixed gas composed of CO and H2 can be generated by electrolyzing CO2 contained in exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine and/or atmospheric air and water by the mixed as generating means, respectively. Moreover, the generated mixed gas can be supplied to the internal combustion engine by the mixed gas supplying means. Therefore, H2 and CO generated by electrolysis can be supplied to the internal combustion engine in the vehicle.
According to the second invention, the absorbing liquid can be circulated between the carbon dioxide absorbing means and the electrolytic bath by the absorbing liquid circulating means. In the electrolytic bath, the CO2 concentration in the absorbing liquid decreases with the generation of CO. In this regard, by returning the absorbing liquid again from the electrolytic bath to the carbon dioxide absorbing means, CO2 can be replenished by the carbon dioxide absorbing means. Therefore, since the absorbing liquid with the substantially constant CO2 concentration can be supplied to the electrolytic bath, CO can be generated stably.
According to the third invention, since the carbon dioxide absorbing means is provided in the bypass passage bypassing a part of the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, CO2 can be introduced into the absorbing liquid in the carbon dioxide absorbing means by using the exhaust gas pressure. Therefore, since the power for introducing CO2 to the carbon dioxide absorbing means can be omitted, energy efficiency and fuel efficiency can be improved.
The CO2 concentration in the absorbing liquid and pressure of the exhaust gas flowing through the bypass passage are correlated to each other, and if the exhaust gas pressure is high, the CO2 concentration in the absorbing liquid in the carbon dioxide absorbing means increases. According to the fourth invention, the amount of the absorbing liquid to be sent to the absorbing liquid storing means can be controlled in accordance with the exhaust gas pressure. Thus, such an adjustment is made possible that if the exhaust gas pressure is high, the liquid sending amount is increased, while if the exhaust gas pressure is low, the liquid sending amount is decreased. Therefore, the absorbing liquid with the substantially constant CO2 concentration can be sent to the absorbing liquid storing means.
As described above, if the exhaust gas pressure is high, the CO2 concentration in the absorbing liquid in the carbon dioxide absorbing means increases. According to the fifth invention, since the exhaust gas pressure can be adjusted by the exhaust as pressure adjusting means, the CO2 concentration can be increased even in an area where a requested air amount is small such as idling or a low-rotation and light-load area. Therefore, even in an area where the requested air amount is small, the absorbing liquid with the substantially constant CO2 concentration can be sent to the absorbing liquid storing means.
According to the sixth invention, atmospheric air can be introduced into the carbon dioxide absorbing means by the atmospheric air introducing means. Therefore, CO2 can be introduced into the absorbing liquid in the carbon dioxide absorbing means by using a ram pressure during running of a vehicle. Therefore, since the power for introducing CO2 into the carbon dioxide absorbing means can be omitted, energy efficiency and fuel efficiency can be improved.
A vehicle speed and the ram pressure are correlated to each other, and the CO2 concentration in the absorbing liquid in the carbon dioxide absorbing means and the ram pressure are correlated to each other. Specifically, if the vehicle speed is high, the ram pressure is high, and if the ram pressure high, the CO2 concentration in the absorbing liquid in the carbon dioxide absorbing means increases. According to the seventh invention, the amount of the absorbing liquid to be sent to the absorbing liquid storing means can be controlled in accordance with the vehicle speed. Thus, such an adjustment of the liquid sending amount can be made that if the vehicle speed is high, the liquid sending amount is increased, while if the vehicle speed is low, the liquid sending amount is decreased. Therefore, the absorbing liquid with the substantially constant CO2 concentration can be sent to the absorbing liquid storing means.
The correlation with the CO2 concentration in the absorbing liquid is not limited to the above-described ram pressure. That is, a combination between the inter-vehicle distance between the own vehicle and the preceding vehicle and the ram pressure or the combination between the CO2 concentration in the atmospheric air and the ram pressure is also correlated with the CO2 concentration in the absorbing liquid. According to the eighth and ninth invention, the amount of the absorbing liquid to be sent to the absorbing liquid storing means can be controlled by using such correlations. Therefore, the absorbing liquid with the substantially constant CO2 concentration can be sent to the absorbing liquid storing means.
In the electrolytic bath, water is consumed with generation of H2. Thus, in order to continuously generate H2, periodic replenishment of water is needed. In this regard, according to the tenth invention, water can be automatically collected by the rainwater supply means. Moreover, according to the eleventh invention, vapor in the exhaust gas can be condensed and collected by the exhaust-derived condensed water supply means. Moreover, according to the twelfth invention, vapor in atmospheric air can be condensed and collected by the atmosphere-derived condensed water supply means. Therefore, since water can be collected automatically, periodic water replenishment can be omitted.
According to the thirteenth invention, by storing power of the generator in the battery, the mixed gas can be generated by power fed from this battery. Moreover, according to the fourteenth invention, power of the on-board power generating device can be supplied to the battery. Therefore, power required for generation of the mixed gas can be sufficiently borne. Moreover, the on-board power generating device can generate power even while the vehicle is stopped, and the mixed gas can be generated and stored while the vehicle is stopped.
According to the fifteenth invention, the mixed gas composed of CO and H2 can be generated by electrolyzing CO2 contained in the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine and/or atmospheric air and water by the mixed gas generating means, respectively. Moreover, the mixed gas can be converted to a synthetic fuel by the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst (hereinafter also referred to as an “FT catalyst”) in the fuel synthesizing means. Furthermore, the synthetic fuel can be supplied to the internal combustion engine by the synthetic fuel supply means. Therefore, in the vehicle, the fuel obtained by synthesizing H2 and CO can be supplied to the internal combustion engine.
When the mixed gas is to be converted to the synthetic fuel by the FT catalyst, a certain amount of thermal energy is required. According to the sixteenth invention, if it is determined that the FT catalyst is in an active state, the bypass passage switching valve is controlled so that the bypass passage is opened, and the mixed gas valve can be controlled so that the mixed gas generating means and the fuel synthesizing means are connected. By connecting the mixed gas generating means and the fuel synthesizing means, the mixed gas can be introduced from the mixed gas generating means to the fuel synthesizing means. Moreover, by opening the bypass passage, the exhaust gas can be introduced to the fuel synthesizing means side. Therefore, the mixed gas can be converted to the synthetic fuel by using the thermal energy of the exhaust gas.
Even while the internal combustion engine is stopped, if residual heat remains in the exhaust passage, it is likely that the FT catalyst is in the active state and the thermal energy required for the above-described conversion remains. According to the seventeenth invention, the mixed gas can be introduced from the mixed gas generating means to the fuel synthesizing means in such a case. Therefore, the mixed gas can be converted to the synthetic fuel by using the residual heat in the exhaust passage.
According to the eighteenth invention, the mixed gas can be converted to the synthetic fuel by using thermal energy of the exhaust gas flowing through the EGR passage. Moreover, by getting rid of the thermal energy by this conversion, the exhaust gas can be cooled. Therefore, since the fuel synthesizing means can be made to function as an EGR cooler, the system can be simplified.
Since the synthetic fuel immediately after conversion is at a high temperature close to the temperature of the FT catalyst, most of it is present in a gas state. According to the nineteenth invention, the synthetic fuel in the gas state can be heat-exchanged with cooling water for cooling the internal combustion engine. Therefore, since the high-temperature synthetic fuel can be cooled and liquefied, the synthetic fuel can be stored in the fuel tank together with gasoline.
As described above, since the synthetic fuel immediately after conversion is at a high temperature close to the temperature of the FT catalyst, most of it is present in the gas state. According to the twentieth invention, the synthetic fuel still in the gas state and vaporized gasoline can be adsorbed by the canister. Therefore, as in the nineteenth invention, installation of various devices for cooling the synthetic fuel is no longer necessary. Moreover, the synthetic fuel can be supplied with the vaporized gasoline to the internal combustion engine by utilizing an existing purge device.
According to the twenty-first invention, the synthetic fuel can be added to the exhaust passage on the upstream side of the exhaust purification catalyst. Therefore, controls can be made such that, if the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst is low, for example, the synthetic fuel is added so as to raise the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst.
According to the twenty-second invention, by storing power generated by the generator in the battery by using an output of the internal combustion engine, power required for generation of the mixed gas or conversion of this mixed gas to the synthetic fuel can be borne by power fed from the battery. Moreover, according to the twenty-third invention, the power from the on-board generating device can be stored in the battery. Therefore, power required for generation of the mixed gas or conversion of this mixed gas to the synthetic fuel can be borne reliably.
According to the twenty-fourth invention, since power from the external power supply can be stored in the battery, a shortage of power required for generation of the mixed gas or conversion of this mixed gas to the synthetic fuel can be favorably suppressed. Moreover, according to the twenty-fifth invention, power required for generation of the mixed gas or conversion of this mixed gas to the synthetic fuel can be borne by power fed from the external power supply while the vehicle is stopped. Therefore, a sufficient amount of the synthetic fuel can be produced. Moreover, while the vehicle is stopped, liquid level oscillation of the electrolytic solution does not occur, and the synthetic fuel can be produced stably.
The synthetic fuel has a nature common to gasoline but also contains coarse components and thus, the synthetic fuel is deteriorated more easily than gasoline. According to the twenty-sixth invention, if an elapsed time after production of the synthetic fuel exceeds a predetermined allowable time, power fed to the fuel synthesizing means can be prohibited. Therefore, since additional production of the synthetic fuel can be prohibited, mixture of the additionally produced synthetic fuel with the synthetic fuel having a long storage period can be prevented.
According to the twenty-seventh invention, the battery charging mode can be realized if the charged amount of the battery is smaller than a predetermined amount, while the fuel production mode can be realized if the charged amount is larger than the predetermined amount by the mode switching control means. Therefore, power received by the power receiving means can be effectively used without waste.
First, an embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described by referring to
Moreover, the vehicle 10 illustrated in
The CO2 reclaimer 18 stores an electrolytic solution having CO2 absorbing properties therein (KHCO3 aqueous solution or organic salt formed having molecular composition of a cation site and an anion site and not crystallized but melted at a normal temperature (so-called ionic liquid), for example). Moreover, the CO2 reclaimer 18 is provided on a bypass passage bypassing a part of an exhaust passage 26 of the engine 12, and in the bypass passage, a CO2 inlet valve 28 and a CO2 outlet valve 30, each being composed of an electromagnetic valve and the like, are provided, respectively. The CO2 inlet valve 28 is connected to an inlet pipe, not shown, and by opening the CO2 inlet valve 28, an exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 26 makes bubbling introduction into the electrolytic solution in the CO2 reclaimer 18 through this inlet pipe. Moreover, by opening the CO2 outlet valve 30, an excessive exhaust gas in the CO2 reclaimer 18 is returned to the exhaust passage 26.
The electrolytic solution tank 20 is provided on the downstream side of the CO2 reclaimer 18. The electrolytic solution tank 20 is connected to the CO2 reclaimer 18 through an electrolytic solution pump 32 and is provided with the electrolytic solution having absorbed CO2 therein. The electrolytic solution in the CO2 reclaimer 18 is assumed to be introduced into the electrolytic solution tank 20 by driving the electrolytic solution pump 32.
The electrolyser 22 is provided on the downstream side of the electrolytic solution tank 20. The electrolyser 22 is a small-sized on-board electrolyser and is configured to generate H2 and CO from the electrolytic solution in the electrolytic solution tank 20 and the water in the water tank 24. The electrolyser 22 is connected to the electrolytic solution tank 20 through the electrolytic solution pump 34 and is also connected to the water tank 24 through a water pump 36. An impurity removing device tot shown) such as an activated carbon or the like is provided between the water tank 24 and the water pump 36.
Moreover, the electrolyser 22 is connected to the H2 & CO tank 16. The H2 & CO tank 16 is connected to an intake system of the engine 12 through an H2 & CO supply valve 38 composed of an electromagnetic valve or the like. That is, H2 and CO generated by the electrolyser 22 are temporarily stored in the H2 & CO tank 16 and supplied to the intake system of the engine 12 in the mixed gas state by opening the H2 & CO supply valve 38.
Here, a detailed configuration of the electrolyser 22 will be described by referring to
To the cathode chamber 52, the H2 & CO tank 16 and the electrolytic solution tank 20 in
Moreover, to the anode chamber 54, the water tank 24 in
Moreover, the diaphragm 56 has a function of carrying protons from the anode chamber 54 side to the cathode chamber 52 side and is formed of a polymer electrolyte resin such as NAFION (registered trademark), for example.
Moreover, the electrolyser 22 is provided with a potentiostat 64. The potentiostat 64 is connected to the WE 58, the RE 60, and the CE 62. The potentiostat 64 controls a current value to flow between the WE 58 and the CE 62 so that a voltage between the RE 60 and the WE 58 becomes a predetermined value.
Here, the electrolysis in the electrolyser 22 will be described. When an electric current is made to flow between the WE 58 and the CE 62 by controlling the potentiostat 64, an electrochemical reaction in the following formulas (1) to (3) occurs in the WE 58 and the CE 62;
WE 58: CO2+2H+2e−→CO+H2O (1)
2H++2e−→H2 (2)
CE 62: 2H2O→O2+4H++4e− (3)
The reaction in the above-described formula (1) occurs at a spot where the CO2 reduction catalyst on the WE 58 is in contact with the electrolytic solution. Moreover, the reaction in the above-described formula (2) occurs at a spot where the main body portion of the WE 58 is in contact with the electrolytic solution. Furthermore, the reaction in the above-described formula (3) occurs at a spot where the CE 62 is in contact with the water.
By driving the water pump 36 while allowing the current to flow between the WE 58 and the CE 62 and to be supplied to the anode chamber 54, protons can be continuously generated on the CE 62 (the above-described formula (3)). At this time, further by driving the electrolytic solution pump 34 and by supplying the electrolytic solution to the cathode chamber 52, CO2 and protons can be continuously supplied to the cathode chamber 52. Therefore, CO and H2 can be continuously generated on the WE 58 (the above-described formulas (1) and (2)).
As described above, in this embodiment, CO and H2 can be generated by using the electrolyser 22. Moreover, as will be described later, in this embodiment. CO and H2 are generated by applying a voltage as low as approximately 3V between the RE 60 and the WE 58. Thus, the electrolyser 22 is more suitable to be mounted on board than other reacting devices requiring a high temperature condition of several hundreds degree Celsius.
Returning to
Subsequently, a control system of the vehicle 10 will be described by referring to
First, the sensor system will be described. A crank angle sensor 170 outputs a signal synchronized with rotation of the crank shaft of the engine 12, and the ECU 200 can detect an engine revolution speed on the basis of this output. An accelerator opening sensor 172 detects an accelerator opening degree, and a water temperature sensor 174 detects a temperature of cooling water of the engine. Moreover, a vehicle speed sensor 176 detects a vehicle speed. The sensor system also includes various sensors required for control of the vehicle 10 or the engine 12 (an air/fuel ratio sensor for detecting an exhaust air/fuel ratio, a throttle sensor for detecting an opening degree of a throttle valve and the like, for example) other than the above-described sensors 170 to 176, and these sensors are connected to the input side of the ECU 200.
On the other hand, to the output side of the ECU 200, the CO2 inlet valve 28, the CO2 outlet valve 30, the electrolytic solution pumps 32 and 34, the water pump 36 and the like are connected. The ECU 200 detects operation information of the vehicle 10 through the sensor system and drives each actuator on the basis of the detection results so as to execute various controls such as the operation control of the vehicle 10, a CO2 recovery control, a mixed gas generation control and a mixed gas supply control which will be described below.
The CO2 recovery control is to send the electrolytic solution in the CO2 reclaimer 18 to the electrolytic solution tank 20 while introducing exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 26 into the CO2 reclaimer 18 during operation of the engine 12. In the CO2 recovery control, the exhaust gas (CO2 source) is subjected to bubbling introduction into the electrolytic solution in the CO2 reclaimer 18 by using the exhaust gas pressure (hereinafter also referred to as an “engine back pressure”) in the exhaust passage 26. Thus, by executing the CO2 recovery control, power for introducing the CO2 source into the reclaimer (pump power, for example) can be omitted and thus, energy efficiency and fuel efficiency can be improved.
This CO2 recovery control will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates an exhaust gas flow rate flowing into the CO2 reclaimer 18 from the engine back pressure obtained at Step 304 (Step 306).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates an electrolytic solution amount to be sent to the electrolytic solution tank 20 from the exhaust gas flow rate calculated at Step 306 (Step 308).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates a motor revolution speed of the electrolytic solution pump 32 (motor application voltage) from the electrolytic solution sent amount calculated at Step 308 (Step 310).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 opens the CO2 inlet valve 28 and the CO2 outlet valve 30 and drives the electrolytic solution pump 32 at the motor revolution speed calculated at Step 310 (Step 312). As a result, the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 26 is absorbed by the electrolytic solution in the CO2 reclaimer 18, and the electrolytic solution having absorbed CO2 in the exhaust gas is sent to the electrolytic solution tank 20 from the CO2 reclaimer 18 (Step 314).
(Mixed Gas Generation Control)
The mixed gas generation control is to generate a mixed gas composed of CO and H2 on the WE 58 by supplying the electrolytic solution in the electrolytic solution tank 20 and the water in the water tank 24 to the electrolytic bath 50 while controlling the potentiostat 64 during operation of the engine 12. This mixed gas generation control will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 sets generation speeds of CO and H2 generated on the WE 58 (Step 320) and calculates the electrolytic solution amount and the water amount to be sent to the electrolytic bath 50 from the set speeds, respectively (Steps 322 and 324).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates the motor revolution speed of the electrolytic solution pump 34 from the electrolytic solution sent amount calculated at Step 322 (Step 326).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 drives the electrolytic solution pump 34 and the water pump 36 at the motor revolution speeds calculated at Steps 326 and 328 (Step 330). As a result, the electrolytic solution in the electrolytic solution tank 20 and the water in the water tank 26 are sent to the electrolyser 22, respectively.
Subsequently, the ECU 200 controls the potentiostat 64 so that the electrolysis voltage set at Step 318 is applied between the RE 60 and the WE 58 (Step 332). As a result, CO and H2 are generated on the WE 58. The generated CO and H2 are stored in the H2 & CO tank 16 (Step 334).
(Mixed Gas Supply Control)
The mixed gas supply control is to supply the mixed gas in the H2 & CO tank 16 to the intake system of the engine 12 during operation of the engine 12. This mixed gas supply control will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
At Step 338, a requested added amount of the mixed gas is obtained. This requested added amount is calculated by a sub routine in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates a target air/fuel ratio from the engine water temperature obtained at Step 340 (Step 342),
Subsequently, the ECU 200 obtains a revolution speed of the engine 12 (Step 344) and obtains an engine torque (Step 346). Processing at Steps 344 and 346 is the same as that at Steps 300 and 302 in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates a fuel (that is, gasoline and the mixed gas) supply amount from the target air/fuel ratio calculated at Step 342 and the throttle opening degree calculated at Step 350 and calculates the added amount of the mixed gas from this fuel supply amount (Step 352).
Returning to the main routine illustrated in
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the voltage between the RE 60 and the WE 58 is controlled by the potentiostat 64 by using the three-electrode type electrolytic bath 50, but a two-electrode type electrolytic bath in which the CE 62 also serves as the RE 60 may be used instead of the three-electrode type electrolytic bath 50. That is, if it is configured such that a voltage to be applied between the WE 58 and the CE 62 can be controlled, the configuration can be applied as a variation of the electrolyser 22 of this embodiment. Moreover, in this embodiment, the diaphragm 56 is used between the cathode chamber 52 and the anode chamber 54, but the diaphragm 56 may be omitted. These variations can be similarly applied in embodiments which will be described later.
In this embodiment, the CO2 reclaimer 18, the electrolytic solution tank 20, the electrolyser 22, the water tank 24, the CO2 inlet valve 28, the CO2 outlet valve 30, the electrolytic solution pumps 32 and 34, and the water pump 36 correspond to the “mixed gas generating means” in the above-described first invention and the H2 & CO tank 16 and the H2 & CO supply valve 38 correspond to the “mixed gas supply means” in the above-described first invention, respectively.
Moreover, in this embodiment, the CO2 reclaimer 18 and the electrolytic solution tank 20 correspond to the “carbon dioxide absorbing means” in the above-described second invention, the electrolytic bath 50 corresponds to the “electrolytic bath” in the above-described first invention, and the electrolytic solution pumps 32 and 34 correspond to the “absorbing liquid circulating means” in the above-described second invention, respectively.
Moreover, in this embodiment, the CO2 reclaimer 18 corresponds to the “carbon dioxide absorbing means” in the above-described third invention.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the electrolytic solution tank 20 corresponds to the “absorbing liquid storing means” in the above-described fourth invention. Moreover, the “exhaust pressure obtaining means” in the above-described fourth invention is realized by execution of the processing at Step 304 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
In the above-described embodiment 1, CO2 is recovered by introducing the exhaust gas to the CO2 reclaimer 18 by using the engine back pressure in the CO2 recovery control. However, in an area where a requested air amount is small such as in idling or a low-revolution light-load area, an engine back pressure is low and it is likely that the CO2 recovery amount becomes insufficient. If the CO2 recovery amount is insufficient, a CO production amount on the WE 58 lowers. Thus, at the start of the engine, for example, it is likely that the mixed gas to be supplied to the engine 12 might be insufficient. Thus, in this embodiment, in the CO2 recovery control, the engine back pressure is controlled by changing the opening degree of the turbine nozzle.
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 sets engine back pressure increase amount (Step 366). The engine back pressure increase amount is set in accordance with a temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst 76, for example, and this temperature is estimated by the operation state (load and revolution speed) of the engine 12. The temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 can be estimated by using a known estimating method.
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates a corrected opening degree of the variable nozzle from the engine back pressure obtained at Step 364 and the engine back pressure increase amount set at Step 366 (Step 368),
The case where the characteristic line A is used will be described as an example. During normal operation of the engine 12, the corrected VN opening degree is set to zero. By setting the engine back pressure increase amount at Step 366, the engine back pressure is added by the increase portion and thus, the corrected VN opening degree is shifted to the right side. As a result, the variable nozzle is changed to a direction of closing. At this Step 368, the corrected opening degree of the variable nozzle is calculated by referring to map data made from the characteristic diagram illustrated in
Subsequently, an exhaust gas flow rate to the CO2 reclaimer 18 is calculated from the engine back pressure obtained by adding the engine back pressure increase amount set at Step 366 to the engine back pressure used by the ECU 200 at Step 368, that is, the engine back pressure obtained at Step 364 (Step 370). The processing at this Step 370 is the same as the processing at Step 306 in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates an electrolytic solution amount to be sent to the electrolytic solution tank 20 from the exhaust gas flow rate calculated at Step 370 (Step 372) and calculates a motor revolution speed of the electrolytic solution pump 32 from the electrolytic solution sent amount calculated at Step 372 (Step 374). Subsequently, the ECU 200 opens the CO2 inlet valve 28 and the CO2 outlet valve 30 and drives the electrolytic solution pump 32 at the motor revolution speed calculated at Step 374 (Step 376). The processing at Steps 372 to 376 is the same as the processing at Steps 308 to 312 in
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the engine back pressure is controlled by changing the opening degree of the variable nozzle but the engine back pressure may be controlled by changing the opening degree of the waste gate valve 74 instead of the opening degree of the variable nozzle. By closing the waste gate valve 74, the engine back pressure can be raised, while by opening the waste gate valve 74, the engine back pressure can be lowered. Thus, by changing the opening degree so as to close the waste gate valve 74 in accordance with the engine back pressure increase amount set at Step 366, the engine back pressure can be raised similarly to the case where the variable nozzle is closed. Moreover, by providing an opening/closing type hack pressure control valve on the exhaust passage 26 between a connection port on the exhaust inflow side of the bypass passage in which the CO2 reclaimer 18 is provided and a connection port on the exhaust outflow side of the bypass passage 72, the engine back pressure may be controlled by changing the opening degree of this back pressure control valve instead of the opening degree of the variable nozzle.
In this embodiment, the execution of the processing at Steps 366 and 368 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described by referring to
In the above-described embodiment 1, the mixed gas generation control is executed by supplying power from the alternator 40 to the electrolytic solution pumps 32 and 34 and the potentiostat 64 during operation of the engine 12. However, if the power from the alternator 40 falls under power required for electrolysis, the power cannot meet the requested added amount of the mixed gas, and it is likely that usable time of the mixed gas is limited short. Thus, in this embodiment, the mixed as generation control is executed by using generated power from the solar cell 86. As a result, since a shortage of the requested added amount of the mixed gas can be prevented, the above-described various combustion improvement effects can be reliably obtained. Particularly, the solar cell 86 is capable of power generation even while the vehicle 10 is stopped. Thus, the mixed gas can be generated and stored while the vehicle 10 is stopped.
Subsequently, the mixed gas generation control in this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 compares the generated power obtained at Step 380 with electrolysis power (Step 382). The electrolysis power is the total sum of power required for execution of the mixed gas generation control such as power for driving the electrolytic solution pumps 32 and 34 and the water pump 36, power to be supplied to the potentiostat 64 and the like and can be calculated by executing the processing at Steps 316 to 328 in
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the generated power from the solar cell 86 is used, but other types of generated power that can be provided on board may be used. For example, by providing a thermo-electric device capable of taking out thermal energy as electric energy in the exhaust passage 26, the mixed gas generation control may be executed by using the generated power from residual heat of the exhaust passage 26. Moreover, the mixed gas generation control may be executed by using generated power from an on-board wind turbine generator, for example. Furthermore, the mixed gas generation control may be executed by combining these types of generated power.
Subsequently, an embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described by referring to
In the above-described embodiment 1, the exhaust gas is subjected to bubbling introduction into the electrolytic solution in the CO2 reclaimer 18 by using the engine back pressure during operation of the engine 12. However, the exhaust gas might contain particulate matters (PM), soluble organic fractions (SOF), sulfates and the like derived from unburned fuel or engine oil. Thus, if they are in an unprocessed state, the life of the electrolytic solution becomes short, and as a result, such a problem is caused that replacement frequency of the electrolytic solution increases. Moreover, the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 might contain Sox or NOx. The electrolytic solution in the CO2 reclaimer 18 (particularly, an ionic liquid) also has a characteristic of absorbing SOx and NOx. Thus, if the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 is introduced into the electrolytic solution, it is likely that the absorbing efficiency or recovery efficiency of CO2 might be lowered by the portion absorbing SOx and NOx.
Thus, in this embodiment, atmospheric air is used instead of the exhaust gas. Since the atmospheric air is cleaner than the exhaust gas, it can suppress pollution of the electrolytic solution and can minimize the replacement frequency of the electrolytic solution. Moreover, a contribution can be made to reduction of CO2 in the atmospheric air. Moreover, in this embodiment, the atmospheric air is introduced into the electrolytic solution in the CO2 reclaimer 18 by using a ram pressure caused by running wind of the vehicle 10. Therefore, since power for introducing the CO2 source to the reclaimer can be omitted, energy efficiency and fuel efficiency can be improved.
Subsequently, the CO2 recovery control in this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates a CO2 amount per unit time flowing into the CO2 reclaimer 18 from the ram pressure calculated at Step 388 (Step 390).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates an electrolytic solution amount to be sent to the electrolytic solution tank 20 from the CO2 amount calculated at Step 390 (Step 392). Subsequently, the ECU 200 executes the same processing as that at Steps 310 and 312 in
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the CO2 inlet valve 28 and the atmospheric air inlet 88 correspond to the “atmospheric air introducing means” in the above-described sixth invention.
Moreover, in this embodiment, the electrolytic solution tank 20 corresponds to the “absorbing liquid storing means” in the above-described seventh invention. Moreover, the “liquid sent amount control means” in the above-described seventh invention is realized by execution of the processing at Steps 390 and 392 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described by referring to
In the above-described embodiment 4, in the configuration in which the atmospheric air inlet 88 is provided in the vehicle 10, CO2 in the atmospheric air is recovered by executing the CO2 recovery control illustrated in
As described in the above-described embodiment 4, since the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 contains PM, SOF, sulfate and the like, if they are introduced into the CO2 reclaimer 18 in an unprocessed state, there is a problem that the life of the electrolytic solution becomes short. In this regard, as illustrated in
Moreover, since the exhaust gas from the tail pipe 94 contains high-concentration CO2, if this exhaust gas can be introduced into the CO2 reclaimer 18, recovery efficiency of CO2 can be improved. However, CO2 diffuses into atmospheric air immediately after emission from the tail pipe 94, and the farther the distance from the preceding vehicle 92 is, the lower the CO2 concentration in the atmospheric air becomes. Thus, in this embodiment, an inter-vehicle distance is measured by using the radar 90, and the CO2 recovery control is executed on the basis of the measured inter-vehicle distance. The radar 90 is assumed to be connected to the input side of the ECU 200. Moreover, in a general vehicle, since the tail pipe is provided on the rear right of the vehicle, the atmospheric air inlet 88 is preferably provided on front right of the vehicle 10 in this embodiment.
The CO2 recovery control of this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 obtains an inter-vehicle distance between the vehicle 10 and the preceding vehicle 92 by the radar 90 (Step 404). Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates a CO2 amount per unit time flowing into the CO2 reclaimer 18 from the ram pressure calculated at Step 402 and the inter-vehicle distance obtained at Step 404 (Step 406).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates an electrolytic solution amount to be sent to the electrolytic solution tank 20 from the CO2 amount calculated at Step 406 (Step 408). Subsequently, the ECU 200 executes the same processing as Steps 394 and 396 in
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the electrolytic solution tank 20 corresponds to the “absorbing liquid storing means” in the above-described eighth invention, and the radar 90 corresponds to the “inter-vehicle distance obtaining means” in the eighth invention, respectively. Moreover, in this embodiment, the “liquid sent amount control means” in the above-described eighth invention is realized by executing the processing at Steps 406 and 408 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described by referring to
In the above-described embodiment 5, in the configuration in which the atmospheric air inlet 88 and the radar 90 are provided in the vehicle 10, CO2 in the atmospheric air is recovered by executing the CO2 recovery control illustrated in
In the case of the CO2 recovery control in the above-described embodiment 5, it is effective when the vehicle 10 and the preceding vehicle 92 are tandem driving linearly in a no-wind state. However, if a lateral wind is blowing or these vehicles are running on a curve or the like, the CO2 concentration often fluctuates due to factors other than the inter-vehicle distance. Thus, it is likely that a divergence occurs between a predicted value of the CO2 amount per unit time flowing into the CO2 reclaimer 18 and an actual value. If such a divergence occurs, the electrolytic solution in a state where CO2 is not sufficiently absorbed is sent to the electrolytic solution tank 20 or the electrolyser 22. Thus, in this embodiment, the CO2 concentration in the atmospheric air is directly measured by the CO2 sensor 98, and the CO2 recovery control is executed.
The CO2 recovery control of this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 obtains a CO2 concentration in the atmospheric air sucked through the atmospheric air inlet 88 by the CO2 sensor 98 (Step 420). Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates a CO2 amount per unit time flowing into the CO2 reclaimer 18 from the ram pressure calculated at Step 418 and the CO2 concentration obtained at Step 420 (Step 422).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 calculates an electrolytic solution amount to be sent to the electrolytic solution tank 20 from the CO2 amount calculated at Step 422 (Step 424). Subsequently, the ECU 200 executes the same processing as Steps 410 and 412 in
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the electrolytic solution tank 20 corresponds to the “absorbing liquid storing means” in the ninth invention, and the CO2 sensor 98 corresponds to the “carbon dioxide concentration obtaining means” in the ninth invention, respectively. Moreover, in this embodiment, the “liquid sending amount control means” in the above-described ninth invention is realized by execution of the processing at Steps 422 and 424 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 7 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
In the above-described embodiment 1, the water in the water tank 24 is supplied to the electrolyser 22, and H2 and CO are generated by consuming this water (See the above-described formulas (1) to (3)). Thus, water needs to be replenished periodically to this water tank 24 from the outside, and there is a problem of labor. Moreover, if water to be replenished into the water tank 24 is river water, its nature cannot be necessarily guaranteed and it might deteriorate electrolysis performance in the electrolyser 22. In this regard, since rain water collected by the rain water collector 100 can be automatically supplied to the water tank 24 in this embodiment, periodic replenishment can be omitted. Moreover, since the nature of rain water is relatively cleaner than river water, the deterioration of the electrolysis performance in the electrolyser 22 can be suppressed.
In this embodiment, the rain water collector 100, the water tank 24, and the water pump 36 correspond to the “rain water supply means” in the above-described tenth invention.
Subsequently, an embodiment 8 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
As described in the above-described embodiment 7, there is a problem that the water tank 24 needs to be replenished with water from the outside periodically, which takes a labor. Moreover, if water to be replenished to the water tank 24 is river water, its nature cannot be necessarily guaranteed, and it might deteriorate electrolysis performance in the electrolyser 22. In this regard, in this embodiment, since steam in the exhaust gas condensed by the H2O condenser 102 can be automatically supplied to the water tank 24, periodic replenishment can be omitted. Moreover, since condensed water is close to pure water and its nature is stable, the deterioration of electrolysis performance of the electrolyser 22 can be suppressed.
In this embodiment, the H2O condenser 102 and the water pump 36 correspond to the “exhaust-derived condensed water supply means” in the above-described eleventh invention.
Subsequently, an embodiment 9 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
In the above-described embodiment 8, steam in the exhaust gas is condensed so as to collect condensed water. Thus, while the vehicle 10 is stopped (the engine 12 is not operated) and the exhaust gas is not exhausted, condensed water cannot be obtained. Therefore, if the mixed gas generation control is to be executed while the vehicle 10 is stopped, it is likely that water will become insufficient. In this regard, in this embodiment, water can be ensured from the atmospheric H2O condenser 104 even while the vehicle 10 is stopped. Particularly, this is effective in a high-temperature and high-humidity area.
In this embodiment, the atmospheric H2O condenser 104, the water tank 24, and the water pump 36 correspond to the “atmospheric air-derived condensed water supply means” in the above-described twelfth invention.
Subsequently, an embodiment 10 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
Inside the FT synthesizer 106, an FT catalyst of iron, cobalt, and ruthenium is provided capable of heat exchange with the exhaust gas (not shown). The FT synthesizer 106 is configured capable of synthesizing a fuel of hydrocarbon from the mixed gas (hereinafter referred to as a “synthetic fuel” or “HC”) by a catalytic function of the FT catalyst and thermal energy of the exhaust gas.
Here, the synthetic reaction in the FT synthesizer 106 (hereinafter also referred to as an “FT reaction”) will be described. The FT reaction can be expressed by the following formula (4):
CO(g)+2H2(g)→[1/n(CH2)n]−(1)+H2O(g) (4)
In the above-described formula (4), —[1/n(CH2)n]—is assumed to express HC.
Returning to
In the above-described embodiment 1 and the like, the mixed gas stored in the H2 & CO tank 16 is supplied to the intake system of the engine 12. However, the capacity of the H2 & CO tank 16 is limited, and it is difficult to store a large amount of the mixed gas in the gas state. If the mixed gas in the gas state is compressed, a large amount can be stored, but a device for the compression and power for driving the device are separately needed. On the other hand, as illustrated in above-described formula (4), HC which is a product of the FT reaction can be present in a liquid state.
Thus, in this embodiment, the mixed gas is converted to HC in the liquid state by using the FT reaction (HC synthesis control). HC in the liquid state can be handled more easily than the mixed gas in the gas state and can be stored in a large amount in the synthetic fuel tank 112. Moreover, in this embodiment, since the FT synthesizer 106 is provided in the bypass passage 108, the energy required for progress of the FT reaction can be borne by the thermal energy of the exhaust gas. Thus, HC can be synthesized with high energy efficiency.
In the mixed gas generation control of this embodiment, similarly to the above-described embodiment 1, the generation ratio of CO and H2 generated on the WE 58 is set to CO/H2=1/2. As illustrated in the above-described formula (4), at the FT reaction, CO and H2 are reacted with each other at a substance amount ratio of CO:H2=1:2. Thus, in the mixed gas generation control of this embodiment, by setting the generation ratio of CO and H2 generated on the WE 58 at CO/H2=1/2, the mixing ratio of the mixed gas in the H2 & CO tank 16 can be made at CO:H2=1:2. Thus, in the HC synthesis control which will be described below, the mixed gas in the H2 & CO tank 16 can be made to react without waste.
(HC Synthesis Control)
The HC synthesis control is to convert the mixed gas to HC by introducing the mixed gas stored in the H2 & CO tank 16 into the FT synthesizer 106 during operation of the engine 12. This HC synthesis control will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
At Step 434, if it is determined that the engine cooling water temperature is lower than the above-described lower limit value, the ECU 200 controls the bypass valve 110 so that the exhaust gas does not flow through the bypass passage 108 (Step 436) and this routine is finished. On the other hand, at Step 434, if it is determined that the engine cooling water temperature is at the lower limit value or above, the ECU 200 obtains a revolution speed of the engine 12 (Step 438) and obtains an engine torque (Step 440). The processing at Steps 438 and 440 is the same processing at Steps 300 and 302 in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 determines whether or not an operation state specified by the engine revolution speed and the engine torque obtained at Steps 438 and 440 is in an FT reaction allowed area (Step 442).
If it is determined that the state is in the FT reaction non-allowed area at Step 442, the ECU 200 controls the bypass valve 110 so that the exhaust gas does not flow through the bypass passage 108 (Step 436) and finishes this routine. On the other hand, if it is determined that the state is in the FT reaction allowed area at Step 442, the ECU 200 controls the bypass valve 110 so that the exhaust gas flows through the bypass passage 108 (Step 444) and opens the H2 & CO supply valve 38 (Step 446). As a result, the FT reaction is executed (Step 448) and HC is stored in the synthetic fuel tank 112 (Step 450).
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the allowableness of the FT reaction is determined on the basis of the estimated temperature of the exhaust gas at Step 442 in
In this embodiment, the CO2 reclaimer 18, the electrolytic solution tank 20, the electrolyser 22, the water tank 24, the CO2 inlet valve 28, the CO2 outlet valve 30, the electrolytic solution pumps 32 and 34, and the water pump 36 correspond to the “mixed as generating means” in the above-described fifteenth invention, the FT synthesizer 106 corresponds to the “fuel synthesizing means” in the above-described fifteenth invention, and the synthetic fuel supply valve 114 corresponds to the “synthetic fuel supply means” in the above-described fifteenth invention, respectively.
Moreover, in this embodiment, the bypass valve 110 corresponds to the “bypass passage switching valve” in the above-described sixteenth invention, and the H2 & CO supply valve 38 corresponds to the “mixed gas valve” in the above-described sixteenth invention, respectively. Moreover, in this embodiment, the “catalyst state determining means” in the sixteenth invention is realized by execution of the processing at Step 442 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 11 of the present invention will be described by referring to
In the above-described embodiment 10, the temperature of the exhaust gas is estimated during operation of the engine 12, and the allowableness of the FT reaction is determined on the basis of the temperature of the exhaust gas. However, residual heat might remain in the bypass passage 108 even after the engine 12 is stopped. Thus, in this embodiment, as illustrated in
In the above-described embodiment 10, the CO2 recovery control, the mixed gas generation control, and the mixed gas supply control are executed during operation of the engine 12, but in this embodiment, the HC synthesis control after the engine 12 is stopped is presumed. Thus, the CO2 recovery control, the mixed gas generation control, and the mixed gas supply control are assumed not to be executed.
(HC Synthesis Control)
The HC synthesis control of this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 determines whether or not the actual temperature of the FT catalyst obtained at Step 454 is at a predetermined temperature or above (Step 456). As described in the above-described embodiment 10, if warming-up of the FT catalyst is not sufficient, the FT reaction does not progress. Thus, at this Step 456, an allowable lower limit value of the temperature of the FT catalyst is compared with the actual temperature of the FT catalyst obtained at Step 454. The allowable lower limit value is assumed to be acquired separately from experiments and the like and stored in the ECU 200.
At Step 456, if it is determined that the actual temperature of the FT catalyst is lower than the above-described allowable lower limit value, it can be determined that warming-up of the FT catalyst is not sufficient, and the ECU 200 finishes this routine. On the other hand, if it is determined at Step 456 that the actual temperature of the FT catalyst is at the above-described allowed lower limit value or above, the ECU 200 opens the H2 & CO supply valve 38 (Step 458). As a result, the FT reaction is executed (Step 460), and HC is stored in the synthetic fuel tank 112 (Step 462).
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, an embodiment 12 of the present invention will be described by referring to
In the above-described embodiment 10, the FT synthesizer 106 is provided in the exhaust passage 26 so that the FT reaction is made to progress by the thermal energy of the exhaust gas. However, since the thermal energy of the exhaust gas is taken away by the FT synthesizer 106, the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 located on the downstream side of the FT synthesizer 106 lowers, and exhaust emission deteriorates. Thus, a measure for raising the catalyst temperature by separately adding fuel to the exhaust passage 26 (so-called exhaust addition) or the like needs to be taken. Thus, in this embodiment, as illustrated in
By having the exhaust gas flow through the EGR passage 118, an exhaust gas amount flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst 76 can be decreased, and temperature drop of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 can be suppressed. Thus, since no exhaust addition needs to be carried out, fuel efficiency can be improved. Moreover, since the thermal energy can be taken away by the FT synthesizer 106, the FT synthesizer 106 can function as an EGR cooler. Therefore, since installation of an EGR cooler can be omitted, simplification of the system can be also realized.
Moreover, in this embodiment, as illustrated in
The HC synthesis control of this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, the ECU 200 determines whether or not an operation state specified by the engine revolution speed and the engine torque obtained at Steps 464 and 466 is in an EGR allowed area and also a FT reaction allowed area (Step 468).
If it is determined that the state is not in the EGR allowed area and also in the FT reaction allowed area at Step 468, the ECU 200 finishes this routine. On the other hand, if it is determined that the state is in the EGR allowed area and also in the FT reaction allowed area at Step 468, the ECU 200 opens the H2 & CO supply valve 38 and the EGR valve 120 (Step 470). As a result, the FT reaction is executed (Step 472), and the HC mixed EGR gas flows into the intake system for the engine 12 (Step 474).
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the EGR valve 120 corresponds to the “EGR passage switching valve” in the above-described eighteenth invention, and the H2 & CO supply valve 38 corresponds to the “mixed gas valve” in the above-described eighteenth invention, respectively. Moreover, in this embodiment, the “operation condition determining means” in the above-described eighteenth invention is realized by execution of the processing at Step 468 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 13 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
Since the HC immediately after synthesis in the FT synthesizer 106 is at a high temperature close to the temperature of the FT catalyst, most of it is present in the gas state. In this regard, in this embodiment, since the heat exchanger 122 is provided on the downstream of the FT synthesizer 106, HC can be cooled. If HC can be cooled, HC can be reliably brought into the liquid state and thus, HC can be stored in the gasoline tank 14. Therefore, since fuel storage or fuel supply can be made by using the existing gasoline tank 14 or an injector for gasoline (not shown), simplification of vehicle configuration or cost reduction can be realized. Moreover, since the heat exchanger 122 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 124 on the upstream side of the engine 12, the engine, an air conditioner heater and the like can be warmed up by recovered heat.
In the above-described embodiment, the gasoline tank 14 corresponds to the “fuel tank” in the above-described nineteenth invention, and the heat exchanger 122 corresponds to the “heat exchanger” in the above-described nineteenth invention, respectively.
Subsequently, an embodiment 14 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
As described in the embodiment 13, since the HC immediately after synthesis in the FT synthesizer 106 is at a high temperature close to the temperature of the FT catalyst, most of it is present in the gas state. Thus, in this embodiment, the canister 128 is provided on the downstream side of the FT synthesizer 106. As a result, HC in the has state can be adsorbed by the canister 128 and purged to the intake system of the engine 12 together with vaporized gasoline from the gasoline tank 14. A purge method is known and is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-83135, for example. Since the purge method is not an essential part of the present invention, further explanation will be omitted here.
As described above, in this embodiment, since HC in the gas state is adsorbed by the canister 128 and purged to the intake system of the engine 12, installation of various devices for cooling HC are no longer necessary. Moreover, HC can be purged to the intake system of the engine 12 by using the existing purge device. Therefore, simplification of the vehicle configuration and cost reduction can be realized.
Subsequently, an embodiment 15 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
As described in the above-described embodiment 12, by providing the FT synthesizer 106 in the exhaust passage 26 and having the FT reaction progress by the thermal energy of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 on the downstream side lowers. Thus, in this embodiment, if the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 is low, the ECU 200 executes an exhaust addition control for adding HC into the exhaust gas by opening the exhaust adding valve 134. By executing the exhaust addition control, the added HC can be made to react with the exhaust purification catalyst 76 so as to raise the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst 76. Therefore, deterioration of exhaust emission can be suppressed. In the exhaust addition control, the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst 76 may be estimated in accordance with an operation state of the engine 12 or a progress state of the FT reaction or may be directly obtained by a thermometer or the like.
Subsequently, an embodiment 16 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
As illustrated in
Moreover, in
In the above-described embodiment 11, controls such as the mixed gas generation control, the mixed gas supply control, and the HC synthesis control are executed during operation of the engine 12. These controls are realized by using power stored in the battery 42 in
In the above-described embodiment, the external power supply input device 140 corresponds to the “power receiving means” in the above-described twenty-fifth invention.
Subsequently, an embodiment 17 of the present invention will be described by referring to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
In the above-described embodiment 16, HC is produced by power from the external power supply while the vehicle 10 is stopped, and this HC and gasoline are used as a power source of the vehicle 10. In this embodiment, HC is synthesized by power from the external power supply while the vehicle 10 is stopped and also, this power is stored in the battery 150. The synthesized HC and electricity in the battery 150 are used as a power source of the vehicle 10. Therefore, since HC produced while the vehicle 10 is stopped and the motor 148 can be combined, vehicle running in which main driving and sub driving are switched between electricity and HC, for, example can be realized.
In the above-described embodiment, the external power supply input device 140 corresponds to the “power receiving means” in the above-described twenty-fourth invention.
Subsequently, an embodiment 18 of the present invention will be described by referring, to
[Description of Configuration of Vehicle]
Subsequently, the power distribution control in this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
If it is determined that the remaining amount of HC is larger than the predetermined amount at Step 478, since it can be determined that HC synthesis is not necessary at the current point of time, the ECU 200 outputs an instruction to the power distributing device 154 so as to charge the battery 150 (Step 480). On the other hand, if it is determined that the remaining amount of HC is the predetermined amount or less at Step 478, the ECU 200 determines whether or not a charged amount of the battery 150 is at a predetermined amount or more (Step 482). Here, the above-described predetermined amount is assumed to be stored in the ECU 200 in advance as a threshold value at which the battery 150 needs to be charged. Moreover, the charged amount of the battery 150 may be obtained from a charged amount sensor (not shown) installed in the battery 150 or may be calculated by integrating the charged/discharged amount of the battery 150.
If it is determined that the charged amount of the battery 150 is smaller than the predetermined amount at Step 482, since it can be determined that the battery 150 needs to be charged, the ECU 200 outputs an instruction to the power distributing device 154 so as to charge the battery 150 (Step 480). On the other hand, if it is determined that the charged amount of the battery 150 is the predetermined amount or more, the ECU 200 outputs an instruction to the power distributing device 154 so as to supply power to the CO2 absorbing device 142, the CO and H2 generating device 144, and the FT synthesizer 106 (Step 484).
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In the above-described embodiment, the power distributing device 154 corresponds to the “mode switching means” in the above-described twenty-seventh invention. Moreover, in the above-described embodiment, the “mode switching control means” in the above-described twenty-seventh invention is realized by execution of the processing at Steps 482, 480, and 484 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 19 of the present invention will be described by referring to
In the above-described embodiment 18, by executing the routine in
While the vehicle is stopped, abundant power from the outside can be used. However, while the vehicle is running, power needs to be sorted for driving of the vehicle and the other actuators. Thus, in the power distribution control of this embodiment, if the remaining amount of ITC is sufficient, power supply to warming-up targets stopped. As a result, since power consumed for warming-up can be saved, energy efficiency of HC production can be improved.
The power distribution control in this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
On the other hand, if it is determined that the charged amount of the battery 150 is the predetermined amount or more at Step 486, the ECU 200 determines whether or not a remaining amount of HC in the fuel tank 146 is a predetermined amount or less (Step 490). This Step 490 is the same as the processing at Step 478 in
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
Subsequently, an embodiment 20 of the present invention will be described by referring to
The energy source control during running is to execute a mode in which HC in the fuel tank 146 is used up by prohibiting HC production if a storage period of HC in the fuel tank 146 is long (hereinafter also referred to as a “long-term storage fuel processing mode”). Though ITC in the fuel tank 146 has a nature in common with gasoline basically but also contains coarse components and deteriorates easily than gasoline. Thus, in this embodiment, by executing the long-term storage fuel processing mode, further progress of fuel deterioration caused by mixture of additionally produced HG and HC with a long storage period is suppressed. As a result, malfunctions such as a failure of an engine caused by fuel reforming or deterioration of exhaust emission can be prevented.
The long-term storage fuel processing mode is continued until HC in the fuel tank 146 becomes zero once. Thus, during execution of the long-term storage fuel processing mode, an alarm lamp on the instrument panel is lighted so as to notify a driver.
The energy source control during running in this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
On the other hand, if it is determined that the remaining amount of HC is not zero at Step 496, the ECU 200 determines whether or not a storage period of HC in the fuel tank 146 is a predetermined period or more (Step 504). Here, the storage period of HC in the fuel tank 146 can be obtained by counting elapsed time after the previous execution of the long-term storage fuel processing mode, for example. On the other hand, the above predetermined period is assumed to be calculated in advance through experiments and the like and stored in the ECU 200. If it is determined that the storage period is less than the predetermined period at Step 504, since it can be determined that the long-term storage fuel processing mode does not have to be executed, the routine proceeds to Step 502. On the other hand, if it is determined that the storage period is the predetermined period or more at Step 504, the ECU 200 prohibits fuel production (Step 506) and turns on the alarm lamp (Step 508).
Subsequently, the ECU 200 determines whether or not a charged amount of the battery 150 is a predetermined amount or more (Step 510). This Step 510 is the same as the processing at Step 482 in
On the other hand, if it is determined that the charged mount of the battery 150 is less than the predetermined amount at Step 510, the ECU 200 outputs an instruction to the battery 150 so as to execute fuel main running and also outputs an instruction to the power distributing device 154 so as to execute a charging control to the battery 150 (Step 514). As a result, a minimum battery charged amount required for running immediately after HC with a long storage period is used up can be ensured while the HC with the long storage period is being used up.
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
In this embodiment, the “elapsed time determining means” in the above-described twenty-sixth invention is realized by execution of the processing at Step 504 in
Subsequently, an embodiment 21 of the present invention will be described by referring to
In the above-described embodiment 20, the energy source control during running is executed by using one fuel tank 146. In this embodiment, the fuel tanks 146A and 146B are provided, and if there is a tank with a long HC storage period, the long-term storage fuel processing mode is executed for the tank. As a result, the effect substantially similar to the above-described embodiment 20 can be obtained. In addition, if the long-term storage fuel processing mode is executed for one of the tanks, the other tank is held in a state where HC is stored. Therefore, since the other tank can be handled as a preliminary tank, the energy source control during running with allowance in a fuel remaining amount can be realized.
The energy source control during running in this embodiment will be described by referring to
In the routine illustrated in
On the other hand, if it is determined that the remaining amount of HC is not zero at Step 516, the ECU 200 determines whether or not a storage period of HC in the fuel tank 146A is a predetermined period or more (Step 520). This Step 520 is the same as the processing at Step 504 in
On the other hand, if it is determined that the storage period is less than the predetermined period at Step 520, the ECU 200 determines whether or not a storage period of HC in the fuel tank 146B is the predetermined period or more (Step 524). If it is determined that the storage period is the predetermined period or more at Step 524, the ECU 200 sets the fuel tank 146B to a consuming tank and the fuel tank 146A to an accumulating tank, respectively (Step 526). If it is determined that the storage period is less than the predetermined period at Step 524, since it can be determined that the long period storage fuel processing mode does not have to be executed, the routine proceeds to Step 518.
Subsequently to Steps 522 and 526, the ECU 200 determines whether or not a charged amount of the battery 150 is a predetermined amount or more (Step 528). This Step 528 is the same as the processing at Step 510 in
As described above, according to the routine illustrated in
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/055366 | 3/8/2011 | WO | 00 | 6/20/2013 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012/120641 | 9/13/2012 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130333638 A1 | Dec 2013 | US |
