Patent Application
20190061647
The present invention relates to sound absorbing material, in particular to a vehicular member with sound absorbing characteristics, and more particularly to a vehicle exterior cladding member that is suitable for being exposed to the environment outside of a vehicle.
Various sound absorbing materials have been used for suppressing various noises. For example, a sound absorbing material or member for a vehicle exterior is used for suppressing noise external to the vehicle that infiltrates the interior of the vehicle (such as traveling noise generated when the vehicle is traveling). Reference documents in this field include, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-261359A and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-184296A.
In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-261359A, a sound absorbing material for a vehicle exterior is disclosed. The sound absorbing material for the vehicle exterior includes a non-woven fabric containing main fibers and binder fibers. The non-woven fabric is provided with a resin layer formed by heating a powder-like resin applied to the surface of the non-woven fabric. Since part of the powder-like resin remains in a particle state, the resin layer is porous.
In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-184296A, another sound absorbing material is disclosed. The sound absorbing material is composed of a composite non-woven fabric formed by laminating and integrating an organic fiber non-woven fabric (A) and a melt-blow non-woven fabric (B) formed of organic fibers with a fiber fineness of not greater than 0.5 dtex. The organic fiber non-woven fabric (A) is composed of 10 to 90 wt % of heat-bonding organic fibers (a) having a core structure with a fiber fineness of 1.1 to 22 dtex and 10 to 90 wt % of actually crimped type polyester short fibers (b) having a fiber fineness of 2.2 to 33 dtex. The above-described composite non-woven fabric is formed by subjecting the laminated organic fiber non-woven fabric (A) and melt-blow non-woven fabric (B) to heat treatment by a dryer or heat roll processing so as to melt the heat-bonding organic fibers (a) having the core structure, such that the organic fiber non-woven fabric (A) and the melt-blow non-woven fabric (B) are formed integrally.
A sound absorbing material is required to have a high sound absorption coefficient in a frequency domain corresponding to a usage environment, a purpose of use and the like. For example, when the sound absorbing material is used as a sound absorbing member for a vehicle exterior cladding member, the sound absorbing material preferably has an excellent sound absorption coefficient with respect to sound ranging from 500 to 800 Hz, like noise arising from a vehicle interacting with a road (road noise), such as that caused by friction and impact between the road surface and the tires, when the vehicle is traveling.
In one aspect of the present invention, a vehicular sound absorbing member is provided that includes a non-woven fabric web, with a loss factor of the non-woven fabric web at 20° C. and 10 Hz being not less than about 0.07, and with a bending rigidity of the non-woven fabric web being not less than about 0.5 N/50 mm.
According to the present invention, a vehicular member can be provided that has an excellent sound absorption coefficient when the vehicular member is used as a sound absorbing member for a vehicle exterior cladding member (such as a fender liner), for example.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. Note that in the following description, identical or similar structural elements will be assigned the same reference sign and a duplicate description will be omitted.
A vehicular member according to the present embodiment is provided with a non-woven fabric web.
In this specification, a web means an object (a sheet, for example) formed as a result of fibers being connected or entangled with each other, for example.
A long fiber may be a long continuous fiber manufactured using the melt-blown method or the spun-bond method, for example. The long fiber is preferably a fiber (a melt-blown fiber) manufactured using the melt-blown method, from the viewpoint of being able to spin a non-woven fabric web having a finer fiber diameter and thereby being able to improve a sound absorption coefficient of the non-woven fabric web.
In this specification, of fibers formed by melting a thermoplastic material and forming the melted thermoplastic material into a thread-like shape (or a filament-like shape) using a die (a mold), the melt-blown fiber means a particularly fine fiber formed by being extruded into a flow of high-speed gas (air, for example). The melted thermoplastic material formed into the thread-like shape or the filament-like shape is stretched by the flow of high-speed gas, and the diameter thereof is reduced. The fiber diameter of the melt-blown fiber may be less than about 20 micrometers (μm) or may be from about 1 to about 10 μm. The binder fiber means a short fiber that plays a role as a binder that connects fibers with each other (connects fibers by fusion, for example).
In the non-woven fabric web 1, the melt-blown fibers (the long fibers), which are continuously injected in a plurality from the die in a melted state, and the binder fibers (the short fibers), which are oriented in various directions, are entangled with each other. Each of the melt-blown fibers and the binder fibers are fused with each other at least part of an intersection (an entanglement point) between the melt-blown fiber and the binder fiber. In the non-woven fabric web 1, not only are the melt-blown fibers and the binder fibers fused with each other, but also, the binder fibers may be fused with each other. Although a specific manufacturing method will be described later, the non-woven fabric web 1 can be obtained by spraying the binder fibers into the flow of the melt-blown fibers continuously injected from the die so as to cause the melt-blown fibers and the binder fibers to be entangled with each other, thus constituting a web formed of the melt-blown fibers and the binder fibers, and then heating, pressing, and compressing the web in a state in which the binder fibers are oriented in various directions and dispersed.
Thus, the binder fiber is preferably a fiber having thermal properties that make it possible for the fiber to melt or soften when the web is heated, for example, and to be fused with the melt-blown fiber. In addition, a melting temperature (or a softening temperature) of the binder fiber is preferably lower than the melting temperature (or the softening temperature) of the melt-blown fiber. Here, the melting temperature means a “melting temperature” as defined in JIS K7121 (1987), and the softening temperature means the “Vicat softening temperature” as defined in JIS K7206 (1999).
Next, a method for manufacturing the non-woven fabric web 1 will be described.
The first unit (melt-blown device) 3 is provided with a melt-blown die 8 that includes, for example, an extruder (not illustrated), an extrusion chamber 5 that pushes forward a melted thermoplastic material (a thermoplastic resin or the like) from an inflow side toward an outflow side, a die orifice 6 that extrudes the melted thermoplastic material, which has been pushed forward from the extrusion chamber 5, to the outside, and a linked gas orifice 7 that sprays gas (heated air, for example) toward the outside at a high speed. In the first unit (melt-blown device) 3, the melted thermoplastic resin supplied from the extruder is extruded from the melt-blown die 8, thereby forming melt-blown fibers (long fibers) 9 (the melt-blown method). The high-speed gas sprayed from the linked gas orifice 7 causes the extruded thermoplastic material to be stretched and become finer. The thermoplastic material that has been made finer (fine fibers) solidifies when moving to the surface of an accumulation device. An aspect ratio (a ratio of the fiber length with respect to the fiber diameter) gradually approaches infinity. Since the melt-blown fibers may be cut when they are made finer by the high-speed gas, it is known that their fiber length is not necessarily uniform.
The first unit (melt-blown device) 3 illustrated in
The melt-blown fibers 9 formed in this manner are blown against a rotating drum 10, which includes a screen or the like provided with fine holes in the surface thereof, and the melt-blown fibers 9 are accumulated on the surface of the rotating drum 10, thereby producing a web 11. This rotating drum 10 has at least the same width as that of the melt-blown die 8. The surface of the rotating drum 10 is set to be separated from the melt-blown die 8 by a distance ranging from about 0.3 to about 1 m or from about 0.38 to about 0.64 m. In
A rotating speed of the rotating drum 10 (or an operation speed of the accumulation device) is preferably set to be a speed sufficiently lower than an injection speed of the melt-blown fibers 9. By adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating drum 10, a weight per unit area of the web 11 to be obtained and of the non-woven fabric web 1 can be adjusted. For example, when the rotating speed of the rotating drum 10 is reduced, an amount of the melt-blown fibers 9 accumulated on the surface of the rotating drum 10 increases, and the weight per unit area can be increased.
When blowing the melt-blown fibers 9 against the rotating drum 10 and forming the web 11, the binder fibers (short fibers) 12 can be mixed into the web 11 by using the second unit (fiber blowing device) 4 disposed above the first unit (melt-blown device) 3, for example. Specifically, as illustrated in
The fiber aggregate 18 may be produced using conventional fiber opening equipment, such as a garnet machine, namely, the RANDO-WEBBER, for example.
Next, by heating and pressing the obtained web 11, the non-woven fabric web 1 is obtained. At this time, the web 11 is heated sufficiently such that each of the melt-blown fibers 9 and the binder fibers 12 are fused with each other at the contact point (the intersection, or the entanglement point), and at the same time, the web 11 is pressed from one surface side or both surface sides in the thickness direction of the web 11, thereby compressing the web 11. The thickness, solidity and the like of the non-woven fabric web 1 to be obtained can be adjusted by controlling heating and pressing conditions applied to the web 11. Note that the non-woven fabric web 1 is formed into a desired shape and used. The non-woven fabric web 1 may be obtained first, and then formed into a shape, or the web 11 may be formed into the desired shape first, and then heated and pressed so as to obtain the non-woven fabric web 1.
The heating temperature can be set as appropriate according to the types of fibers configuring the web 11. The heating temperature is a temperature equal to or higher than a temperature at which at least some of the binder fibers 12 melt, and is preferably a temperature at which the binder fibers 12 melt, but the melt-blown fibers 9 do not melt. When a binder fiber having a core-sheath structure is used, the heating temperature may be a temperature at which only a sheath portion of the binder fiber melts. The heating method is not limited to any method, and may be a method in which the web 11 is directly heated by a lamp, a heater and the like, or may be a method in which a press portion of a press machine, which is used for compressing the web 11, is heated, and the web 11 is indirectly heated at the time of compression.
The pressing pressure can be set as appropriate and may be 10 MPa, for example. The pressing method is not limited to any method, and may be a method in which the web 11 is pressed by a press machine, a calender, a pressure roller or the like, for example.
The weight per unit area (mass per unit area) of the non-woven fabric web 1 obtained in the above-described manner may be not less than about 300 g/m2, not less than about 400 g/m2, or not less than about 500 g/m2, and may be not greater than about 1500 g/m2, not greater than about 1000 g/m2, or not greater than about 800 g/m2. The weight per unit area of the non-woven fabric web 1 can be adjusted by controlling a ratio between the melt-blown fibers 9 content and the binder fibers 12 content, an injection amount of the melt-blown fibers 9 in the above-described method for manufacturing the non-woven fabric web, the blowing amount of the binder fibers 12, the operation speed of the accumulation device, and the like.
From the viewpoint of the self-supporting performance of the non-woven fabric web 1, a bending rigidity of the non-woven fabric web 1 may be not less than about 0.5 N/50 mm, not less than about 0.7 N/50 mm, not less than about 1.0 N/50 mm, not less than about 1.5 N/50 mm, or not less than about 2.0 N/50 mm. The bending rigidity of the non-woven fabric web 1 may be not greater than about 20.0 N/50 mm, not greater than about 15.0 N/50 mm, or not greater than about 10.0 N/50 mm. The bending rigidity of the non-woven fabric web 1 is measured in compliance with the three-point bending test (method A) as specified in JIS K7074 (1998). The bending rigidity of the non-woven fabric web 1 can be adjusted by controlling the ratio between the melt-blown fibers 9 content and the binder fibers 12 content, the weight per unit area of the non-woven fabric web 1, the thermocompression of the web 11, and the like.
The thickness of the non-woven fabric web 1 may be not greater than about 10 mm, not greater than about 5 mm, or not greater than about 3 mm, and may be not less than about 0.5 mm, not less than about 1.0 mm, or not less than about 1.5 mm. When the thickness of the non-woven fabric web 1 is in the above-described range, the non-woven fabric web 1 can be used in a narrow space.
From the viewpoint of the self-supporting performance of the non-woven fabric web 1, a bulk density of the non-woven fabric web 1 may be not less than about 50 kg/m3, not less than about 70 kg/m3, not less than about 100 kg/m3, not less than about 150 kg/m3, or not less than about 200 kg/m3. The bulk density of the non-woven fabric web 1 may be not greater than about 1000 kg/m3, not greater than about 700 kg/m3, or not greater than about 500 kg/m3.
From the viewpoint of achieving excellent sound absorbing properties, a loss factor tan δ of the non-woven fabric web 1 at the temperature of 20° C. and the frequency of 10 Hz is not less than about 0.07, preferably not less than about 0.09, more preferably not less than about 0.10, and even more preferably not less than about 0.11. The loss factor tan δ of the non-woven fabric web 1 at the temperature of 20° C. and the frequency of 10 Hz may be not greater than about 1.0, not greater than about 0.7, not greater than about 0.5, or not greater than about 0.3, for example.
From the viewpoint of reducing chipping noise (a tapping sound arising from stones flying up when the vehicle is traveling), a compression storage elastic modulus of the non-woven fabric web 1 at the temperature of 20° C. and the frequency of 10 Hz is preferably not greater than about 10.0 MPa, not greater than about 8.0 MPa, not greater than about 6.0 MPa, not greater than about 5.0 MPa, not greater than about 3.0 MPa, not greater than about 2.0 MPa, or not greater than about 1.0 MPa. It is not less than about 0.10 MPa and not greater than about 10.0 MPa. The compression storage elastic modulus of the non-woven fabric web 1 at the temperature of 20° C. and the frequency of 10 Hz may be not less than about 0.10 MPa, not less than about 0.30 MPa, not less than about 0.50 MPa, or not less than about 0.80 MPa.
A resin that provides the melt-blown fibers 9 that configure the non-woven fabric web 1 is not particularly limited, as long as the resin melts when heated and can be melted and spun by a melt-blown device. Examples of such a resin include a cellulose such as rayon, and viscose, a polyamide such as nylon 6 and nylon 6,6, a polyimide, polyethylene, a polypropylene (PP), a polyolefin such as an ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, a polyester such as a polybutylene naphthalate, a polyacetal such as a polyoxymethylene copolymer, an ethylene-proplylene copolymer, a polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer such as a propylene 1-butene copolymer, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, a styrene thermoplastic elastomer such as a styrene-isopropylene copolymer, a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, and a polyester thermoplastic elastomer such as a polyethylene terephthalate thermoplastic elastomer and a polybutylene naphthalate thermoplastic elastomer.
Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining desired thermal properties, the resin that provides the melt-blown fibers (long fibers) 9 preferably contains two or more types of resins, more preferably contains two or more types of resins having different thermal properties from each other, and even more preferably contains two or more types of resins having different softening points from each other. When the resin that provides the melt-blown fibers (long fibers) 9 contains two or more types of resins, those resins may be a high-crystal polypropylene and a low-crystal polypropylene, for example, from a viewpoint of compatibility of the resins. The high-crystal polypropylene means a polypropylene that has a relatively high stereoregularity of its molecular structure, of the two or more types of resins. The low-crystal polypropylene means a polypropylene that has a relatively low stereoregularity of its molecular structure, of the two or more types of resins. In this case, with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the high-crystal polypropylene and the low-crystal polypropylene, the content of the low-crystal polypropylene in the melt-blown fibers may be not less than about 0.5 parts by mass, not less than about 1 part by mass, not less than about 5 parts by mass, or not less than about 10 parts by mass, and the content may be not greater than about 90 parts by mass, not greater than about 85 parts by mass, or not greater than about 80 parts by mass.
The cross-sectional shape, the fiber diameter, the length and the like of the melt-blown fiber 9 are not particularly limited. Since the melt-blown fiber 9 has a fiber diameter of less than about 20 μm or about 1 to about 10 μm, a relative number of fibers with respect to a surface density increases in the non-woven fabric web 1 containing the melt-blown fibers 9, compared with a sound absorbing material formed of a non-woven fabric composed of generic fibers. As a result, a sound energy intruding via the non-woven fabric web 1 can be efficiently converted into air friction energy, thus enabling high sound absorbing properties to be obtained.
As the binder fibers (short fibers) 12 configuring the non-woven fabric web 1, a fiber can be used having a section with a melting temperature (softening temperature) that is lower than the melting temperature (softening temperature) of the resin that provides the melt-blown fibers 9, on at least part of the surface of the fiber. For example, the melting temperature (or softening temperature) of the above-described section of the binder fiber 12 may be lower than the melting temperature (or softening temperature) of the melt-blown fiber 9 by 10° C. or greater or 20° C. or greater. As a result of having such a section, the binder fibers 12 function as a binder. A resin that provides the binder fibers 12 may be one of the resins described above as examples of the resin that provides the melt-blown fibers 9. For the section of the binder fiber 12 with the low melting temperature (or the low softening point temperature), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PT), polyethylene (PE) or the like, each of which have a low-melting point, can be used, for example.
The binder fiber 12 need not necessarily have a uniform melting temperature (or softening temperature) over the entire section thereof, and it is sufficient that the binder fiber 12 includes the section with the low melting temperature (or the low softening temperature), at least on the surface thereof. The binder fiber 12 may be a fiber having a core-sheath structure in which a resin having a low melting temperature (or a low softening temperature) is used only for the sheath portion thereof. When the fibers having this type of the core-sheath structure are used, when the fibers are mixed with the melt-blown fibers 9, only the sheath portion of each of the binder fibers 12 having the low melting temperature (or the low softening temperature) melts, and a core portion thereof remains as the fiber, together with the melt-blown fibers 9.
The cross-sectional shape, the fiber diameter, and the like of the binder fiber (short fiber) 12 configuring the non-woven fabric web 1 are not particularly limited. The binder fibers 12 may be staple fibers, having a fiber length of 10 mm to 100 mm, manufactured by cutting spun fibers, for example.
A fiber fineness of the binder fiber 12 is from about 1 dtex to about 100 dtex, for example, and may be from about 2 dtex to about 50 dtex, or from about 2 dtex to about 15 dtex.
A fiber length of the binder fiber 12 may preferably be from about 10 mm to about 100 mm, more preferably be from about 25 mm to about 60 mm, or be approximately about 150 mm, for example. The binder fiber 12 may be crimped so as to have about 1 to 10 or about 3 to 5 crimps per cm.
With respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the melt-blown fibers 9 and the binder fibers 12, the content of the binder fibers 12 may be from about 30 parts by mass to about 90 parts by mass, or from about 40 parts by mass to about 80 parts by mass.
The non-woven fabric web 1 may further include other structural materials within a range that does not impair effects of the present invention. For example, the non-woven fabric web 1 may further include staple fibers that have a melting temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the resin that provides the melt-blown fibers 9.
As a result of being provided with the above-described configuration, the non-woven fabric web 1 has an excellent sound absorption coefficient in a frequency domain ranging from 500 to 800 Hz (particularly, the sound absorption coefficient in the frequency domain of 800 Hz), for example, and when an air layer and the non-woven fabric web 1 are continuously disposed, the non-woven fabric web 1 can attain a particularly excellent sound absorption coefficient. Conventional sound absorbing materials have not been able to achieve a sufficient sound absorption coefficient in the frequency domain of 800 Hz, even when they offered an excellent sound absorption performance in a high frequency domain. Since sounds in this frequency domain corresponds to peaks in road noise, the non-woven fabric web 1 is suitable as a sound absorbing member for a vehicle exterior cladding member, such as a fender liner, an engine undercover, a body undercover, and the like.
Below, a mode in which a vehicular member provided with the non-woven fabric web 1 is used as the sound absorbing member for the vehicle exterior cladding member (the fender liner), will be described.
Means for attaching (or means for fixing) the fender liner 21 to the wheel housing 25 is not particularly limited. For example, the fender liner 21 may be fixed to the wheel housing 25 by providing holding means (a clip, for example) on the wheel housing 25 side, or may be fixed to the wheel housing 25 by providing a hole in the fender liner 21 and fitting the fender liner 21 into the wheel housing 25.
A space 26 formed by the fender liner 21 and the wheel housing 25 may be configured by an air layer and a layer formed by a sound absorbing body including a felt layer and the like. When the layers formed of the sound absorbing body are provided, these layers can function integrally with the fender liner 21 as a sound absorbing structure for preventing vehicle noise, vehicle external noise (traveling noise generated when the vehicle is traveling, and the like), and the like from infiltrating into the interior of the vehicle. Specifically, the sound absorbing structure is provided with a sound absorbing material layer such as the fender liner 21, the air layer, and the layer formed of the sound absorbing body including the felt layer and the like. As the sound absorbing structure, a sound absorbing structure in which the layer formed by the sound absorbing body is the air layer, is preferably used. A thickness L of the layer formed of the sound absorbing body may be from about 5 to 40 mm or about 5 to 20 mm, for example.
From another perspective, it can also be said that the present embodiment is a method for preventing the infiltration of the vehicle external noise into the interior of the vehicle. Specifically, the present embodiment is the method for preventing the infiltration of the vehicle external noise into the interior of the vehicle, and provides a method in which the fender liner 21 is disposed so as to be separated from the wheel housing 25, and the fender liner is provided with the non-woven fabric web 1. In this method, the fender liner 21 may be disposed so as to be separated from the wheel housing 25 by about 5 to 40 mm or about 5 to 20 mm. When the surface of the wheel housing 25 is not smooth, a clearance between the wheel housing 25 and the fender liner 21 may be an average value of the clearance.
According to the above-described method, the sound absorbing material layer formed of the fender liner 21 provided with the above-described non-woven fabric web 1, and the sound absorbing structure provided with the layer formed of the sound absorbing body including the air layer and the like are formed below the wheel housing 25. As a result, an excellent performance is obtained for preventing the infiltration of the vehicle external noise into the interior of the vehicle.
Particularly, an excellent sound absorption coefficient is obtained in the frequency domain ranging from 500 to 800 Hz, and the infiltration of the road noise into the interior of the vehicle can be efficiently prevented.
Although the present invention will be described below more specifically based on examples, the present invention is in no manner limited by the examples described below.
As melt-blown fibers, a high-crystal polypropylene (manufactured by SunAllomer Ltd.) and a low-crystal polypropylene (L-MODUS901 or L-MODU S400 manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) were used, and the melt-blown fibers (long fibers) were spun from a melt-blown die by an extruder, such that the weight per unit areas of the high-crystal polypropylene and the low-crystal polypropylene were the values shown in Table 1. Then, binder fibers (short fibers) having a core-sheath structure (4080 produced by UNITIKA Ltd. with a fiber fineness of 6.6 dtex and a fiber length of 32 mm) and containing polyethylene terephthalate as a core material and a polyethylene terephthalate copolymer as a sheath material, were mixed with the melt-blown fibers, so as to merge into a web obtained immediately after the melt-blown fibers were spun and so as to have the weight per unit areas as shown in Table 1. As a result, a web was produced. By heating and compressing this web under conditions of 137° C. and 10 MPa for 60 seconds, a non-woven fabric having a thickness of 2.0 mm was obtained, and then, a non-woven fabric web formed of one layer of this non-woven fabric was obtained.
Three sheets of the non-woven fabric web each cut into a circular shape having a diameter of 133 mm were prepared, and a weight of each of the sheets was measured. An average value of the weights of the three sheets was calculated as a weight per unit area (mass per unit area). The results are shown in Table 2.
The thickness (mm) of the non-woven fabric web was measured in compliance with ASTM F778-88. First, three sheets of the non-woven fabric web each cut into a circular shape having a diameter of 133 mm were prepared as test pieces. A measuring device provided with a pair of an upper plate and a lower plate each having a diameter of 100 mm was prepared, and a weight of 16 g was placed on the upper plate. Then, the upper plate was lifted, and a test piece was placed at the center of the lower plate. The height of the upper plate was adjusted so as to set a distance between the upper and lower plates to 1.0 cm, and the upper plate was released from this height and dropped onto the lower plate under its own weight. After waiting for three seconds in this state, the distance between the upper and lower plates was measured by a built-in micrometer. The measured value was recorded as the thickness of the non-woven fabric web.
The bending rigidity of the non-woven fabric web was measured in compliance with the three-point bending test (method A) as specified in JIS K7074 (1998).
The bulk density of the non-woven fabric web was calculated by dividing the weight per unit area (mass per unit area) measured in the above-described manner by the thickness measured in the above-described manner.
The various physical property values of the non-woven fabric web, which were measured in the above-described manner, are shown in Table 2.
Viscoelastic properties of the non-woven fabric web were measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device, namely, the RAS-III Solid Analyzer (manufactured by Rheometric Scientific Ltd.). After leaving the non-woven fabric web for 24 hours or longer, a test piece of a circular shape having a diameter of 8 mm was stamped out from the non-woven fabric web, and the compression storage elastic modulus E′ and the loss factor tan δ (=compression storage elastic modulus E″/compression storage elastic modulus E′) were measured under conditions in which a temperature rising rate was set to 5° C./min and a compression mode of 10 Hz was selected. The results (the compression storage elastic moduli E′ and the loss factors tan δ at 20° C., 0° C., and −10° C.) are respectively shown in Tables 3 and 4.
The sound absorption coefficient of the non-woven fabric web was measured based on the two microphone method based on ASTM E1050-98 (“Impedance and Absorption Using A Tube, Two Microphones and A Digital Frequency Analysis System”). The measurement range was 125 Hz to 1600 Hz. The two microphone method is a method for measuring an incidence component and a reflection component of sound pressure inside an acoustic impedance tube and calculating the sound absorption coefficient, using two microphones. More specifically, the non-woven fabric web was set inside an acoustic impedance tube, one end portion of which was a rigid surface, such that the non-woven fabric web was separated from the rigid surface by 10 mm (an air layer of 10 mm was provided), and the sound absorption coefficient was measured by causing sound pressure to enter from a surface of the non-woven fabric web on the opposite side to a side facing the rigid surface. The results (sound absorption coefficients at 500 Hz and 800 Hz) are shown in Table 5.
Chipping noise was measured for each of the non-woven fabric webs of Examples 1 to 6. Inside an anechoic chamber, a non-woven fabric web of 300 mm×300 mm was prepared, and the non-woven fabric web was restrained by a jig at positions 50 mm inward from each edge of the non-woven fabric web. Then, the non-woven fabric web restrained by the jig was inclined by 45 degrees together with the jig, and was placed on the ground. A noise level meter was set at a position at a height of 150 mm from a ground plane and separated from a center portion of the non-woven fabric web by 40 mm, and a steel ball having a diameter of 8 mm and a weight of 2 g was dropped from a position located two meters above the center portion of the non-woven fabric web. An impact noise generated when the steel ball impacted the non-woven fabric web was measured as the chipping noise, using the noise level meter. The results (chipping noise at 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz, and 8000 Hz) are shown in Table 6.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-048318 | Mar 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2017/020864 | 3/6/2017 | WO | 00 |
