The present invention relates to a ventilated facade, made up of covering pieces, such as slate, natural stone, ceramic or metal panels, plastic, composite panels, fiber cement, etc., which are mounted on horizontal rails fixed to vertical rails anchored to the wall which is to be covered, or directly to said wall. The covering pieces are mounted on the rails by means of anchoring hook elements which hang from said rails.
Ventilated facades are facades that have an air chamber between the cladding and the wall of the facade. This air chamber creates a “chimney effect”, which provides continuous ventilation due to the temperature differences between the air outside and the air inside the chamber.
Among the different types of ventilated facades, facades in which the cladding is made up of slate pieces which are mounted by means of wire or plate anchoring elements on horizontal rails, generally made of wood, fixed to the wall of the façade, are known.
In this sense, CH 659679 and EP0167032 may be cited, in which the mounting of the covering pieces is carried out by means of anchoring pieces comprising a straight section, the ends of which have folds in opposite directions, consisting of hooks with different widths. On the wider hook, which is inverted, the anchoring piece of the rails is hung, and the upper edge of a panel belonging to a lower row of panels is inserted between the rail and the straight section of the anchoring piece, while the hook with the smaller width supports the lower edge of a panel belonging to an upper row of panels. In EP 0167032, the outer limb of the thicker hook can be laterally extended in a loop that is housed in the rail and serves as a support means, in an ascending direction, for the hook on said rail.
With this constitution, in the case of using panels with different thicknesses in the same row, on the visible covering surface there are areas located on different planes due to the fact that the anchoring piece does not have the ability to adjust to different thicknesses.
The present invention relates to a ventilated facade made up of a cladding constituted of covering pieces of any nature (slate, granite, plastic, plate, fiber cement, etc.), which are mounted on metal rails by means of wire or plate anchoring elements.
The cladding of the facade enables a long-lasting and attractive finish to be obtained, in comparison with cladding of wood or prefabricated panels.
Metal rails offer greater performance and resistance to moisture and possible fires in comparison with wood.
The wire, metal rod or plate anchoring elements are made up such that they have the capacity to absorb or adjust to possible differences in thickness of the slate pieces, which enables a surface that appears essentially flat to be obtained.
The ventilated facade of the invention is of the aforementioned type, made up of covering pieces mounted to the horizontal rails by means of wire or plate anchoring elements which hang from the rails, through openings of said rails.
According to the present invention, the anchoring elements adopt a U shape and are hung in an inverted position from the horizontal rails, with a rear lateral limb inserted through the openings on the rails, and with a front lateral limb which runs in a descending direction in front of the rails. The aforementioned front lateral limb ends at a fold which is in an ascending direction, forming an outer hook, on which the lower edge of a cladding piece is supported, belonging to an upper row of covering pieces. In turn, the rear lateral limb, inserted through the openings on the rails, has an inner protrusion which, with the front limb of the U, determines a narrowing of width which is less than the thickness of the covering pieces. Inserted through this narrowing is the upper edge of a covering piece which belongs to a lower row of covering pieces.
The aforementioned inner protrusion of the rear limb of the U can be obtained by means of transversal structures made in said rear lateral limb. The inner protrusion may also be constituted of a spring which is fixed to the inner surface of the rear lateral limb of the U.
With regard to the horizontal rails on which the covering pieces are fixed, they have a split profile, made up of three sections, one central section and two end sections perpendicular to the central section and in opposite directions. Throughout the outer surface of one of the end sections, these rails have a wing which is parallel to the central section of the rail. Located in the aforementioned wing are the openings through which the rear limb of the U which makes up the anchoring elements is inserted. Moreover, this wing ends in a longitudinal support which secures the positioning of the anchoring elements on the rail.
The transversal structures of the rear lateral limb of the anchoring elements may consist of an end fold toward the inside of the U and which defines a narrowing in the mouth of said U, which elastically supports the upper edge of a covering piece inserted between said fold and the front lateral limb of the U.
The transversal structures of the rear lateral limb of the anchoring elements may also consist of intermediate folds toward the inside of the U, folds which form an inner protrusion inside the U and which elastically supports the upper edge of a covering piece inserted between the aforementioned intermediate fold and the front lateral limb of the U.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention are presented through a non-limiting exemplary embodiment, shown in the accompanying drawings, where:
The covering pieces are mounted on the rails by means of anchoring elements (5) which hang from the rails (4). The covering pieces (3-3′) may be of any type, such as slate, granite, plastic, metal, fiber cement, etc.
The rails (4) of
From said end section (8), a wing (10), which is parallel and next to the section (6), protrudes along the same and ends at a longitudinal support (11) for the anchoring elements (5) in the form of an inverted canal with walls at different heights. The bottom (12) of this canal is approximately coplanar with the central section (6) of the rail (4).
The wing (10) has openings (13) along the same which serve to hang the anchoring elements (5).
Running along the end section (7), and through the inner surface thereof, are veins (14) for the positioning of fastening screws (15) for fastening the horizontal rails (4) to the vertical rails (4′), which may be fixed to the wall by means of brackets (16) and screws (15).
The anchoring elements (5′),
The front lateral limb (17) ends at an outer fold (20) which is in an ascending direction, forming a hook (21), on which the lower edge of a covering piece (3) is supported, belonging to an upper row of covering pieces.
The rear lateral limb (18) has structures which may be defined by end folds in the form of a hook (22),
In any case, the aforementioned structures determine a narrowing in the interior of the U which will elastically support the upper portion of a covering piece (3′) bellowing to a lower row of covering pieces partially inserted in the U, according to
In the embodiment of
The anchoring element in
With the described components, for constructing the facade of the invention, the rails (4) are then fixed in a horizontal position on the vertical rails (4′) anchored to the wall (2), or directly on said wall. The anchoring elements (5) are then mounted, inserting the limb (18) and the hook (22) through the openings (13) of the rail (4). Once the anchoring elements are mounted, the covering piece (3) is supported on an upper row of pieces on the hook (21) by the lower edge of said pieces (3). At the same time, the upper edge of the covering pieces (3′) which belong to a lower row of pieces is inserted in the U, these pieces (3′) being compressed between the side (26) of the hook (22) or on the covering (27), which acts as a spring, and the limb (17) of the U, all in accordance with
Through the limb (18), the anchoring element is supported on the end limb (8) of the rails (4). The central limb (19) of the anchoring piece has a structure which enables it to be securely attached to the rail (4).
By inserting the hook (22) of the anchoring element (5) through the slot (13), the horizontal movements of said anchoring are blocked, with respect to the rail.
The inner narrowing of the U, which provides the aforementioned spring effect, can also be achieved by means of the arrangement of a spring (30) fixed to the inner surface of the rear limb (18) of the U,
Between the surface of the wall (2) and the covering elements (3-3′), vertical chambers are delimited that, due to the so-called “chimney effect”, keep a continuous ventilation due to the temperature differences between the outside and inside said chamber.
To improve resistance to impacts against the cladding, the covering pieces may incorporate a fiberglass mesh, fixed, for example, using resin. Intermediate support profiles (31),
To mount the covering pieces in special areas of the facade, for example where there are window joins, balconies or corners, where anchoring elements may not be placed, or where the fastening must be reinforced, auxiliary pieces (32) may be used with the profile shown in
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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P201530505 | Apr 2015 | ES | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/ES2016/070240 | 4/8/2016 | WO | 00 |