Patent Application
20210389004
The present invention relates to a ventilation control system that ventilates a space that needs ventilating, and to a carbon dioxide concentration estimation method.
Standards for indoor carbon dioxide content, that is, standards for carbon dioxide concentration are established by law for architecture including a building. Carbon dioxide is hereinafter referred to as CO2. In order to meet this standard, it is necessary to change the ventilation amount in conformity with CO2 concentration. To this end, a ventilation control system includes a blower to discharge indoor air to the outdoors and a CO2 sensor to detect the indoor CO2 concentration.
The ventilation control system disclosed in Patent Literature 1 includes a ventilation device, a human detecting sensor capable of detecting the presence or absence of a person, a CO2 sensor capable of detecting the CO2 concentration, and a control device. For the ventilation control system disclosed in Patent Literature 1, the ventilation device, the human detecting sensor, and the CO2 sensor are installed in one space. The control device of the ventilation control system disclosed in Patent Literature 1 controls the ventilation device such that the ventilation amount of the ventilation device is switched on the basis of the output signal from the human detecting sensor when the output signal from the CO2 sensor indicates that a CO2 concentration is less than a threshold.
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent No. 5999353
For the ventilation control system disclosed in Patent Literature 1, it is required that the ventilation device, the human detecting sensor, and the CO2 sensor be installed in each room. In a case in which a single ventilation device is required to ventilate multiple rooms with a CO2 sensor installed in one of the multiple rooms or at an inlet port of the ventilation device, it. is not possible to monitor the CO2 concentration in each room. As a result, the CO2 concent ration can increase due to insufficient ventilation.
The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation control system capable of ventilating multiple rooms, using a single ventilation device while preventing the CO2 concentration from increasing due to insufficient ventilation.
To solve the problem and achieve the object described above, the present invention is directed to a ventilation control system comprising: a ventilation device to ventilate a plurality of rooms, the ventilation device including a CO2 sensor to measure a CO2 concentration in exhaust air discharged from the plurality of rooms; and a plurality of human detection means each installed in a corresponding one of the plurality of rooms to detect presence of a room occupant. The ventilation device .includes a control device to estimate a CO2 concentration of each of the plurality of rooms on a basis of the CO2 concentration measured by the CO2 sensor and detection results provided by the plurality of human detection means.
The ventilation control system according to the present invention is advantageous in being capable of ventilating multiple rooms using the single ventilation device while preventing the CO2 concentration from increasing due to the insufficient ventilation.
A ventilation control system and a carbon dioxide concentration estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that this embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of this invention.
The air conditioner 5 includes a human detecting sensor installed therein. The human detecting sensor is human detection means for detecting the presence or absence of a person in the room. On the basis of presence-absence information detected by the human detecting sensor, the air conditioner 5 is capable of stopping the operation of the air conditioner 5 or controlling the set temperature of the air conditioner 5. For example, the air conditioner 5 can be controlled, during cooling operation, such that the cooling operation stops or the set temperature of cooling is raised by a certain temperature to thereby save energy when the presence-absence information has changed to “unoccupied” for a certain time period.
The presence-absence information detected by the human detecting sensor included in the air conditioner 5 is transmitted from the air conditioner 5 to the ventilation device 1 via the connection line 8. The presence-absence information is converted into a communication signal or into a voltage signal, and is transmitted on the connection line 8. Note that the ventilation device 1 and the air conditioner 5 may be connected to each other via wireless communication.
The remote controller 6 includes a human detecting sensor installed therein, which sensor is human detection means for detecting the presence or absence of a person in the room. With the presence-absence information detected by the human detecting sensor/ the remote controller 6 is capable of stopping an operation of a device such as the air conditioner 5 or controlling the set temperature of the device. For example, the remote controller 6 can control the air conditioner 5 such that, during heating operation, the air conditioner 5 stops or the set temperature of heating of the air conditioner 5 is lowered by a certain temperature to thereby save energy when the presence-absence information has changed to “unoccupied” for a certain time period.
The presence-absence information detected by the human detecting sensor included in the remote controller 6 is transmitted from the remote controller 6 to the ventilation device 1 via the connection line 9. The presence-absence information is converted into a communication signal or into a voltage signal, and is transmitted on the connection line 9. Note that the ventilation device 1 and the remote controller 6 may be connected to each other via wireless communication.
The lighting equipment 7 includes a human detecting sensor installed therein, which sensor is human detection means for detecting the presence or absence of a person in the room. With the presence-absence information detected by the human detecting sensor, the lighting equipment 7 is capable of turning on/off the lighting equipment 7 or controlling the illuminance of the lighting equipment 7. For example, when the light is in an Off state during which the presence-absence information changes to “occupied”, the light can be turned on. In addition, when the light is in an On state during which the presence-absence information has changed to “unoccupied” for a certain time period, the light can be turned off.
The presence-absence information detected by the human detecting sensor installed in the lighting equipment 7 is transmitted from the lighting equipment 7 to the ventilation device 1 via the connection line 10. The presence-absence information is converted into a communication signal or into a voltage signal, and is transmitted on the connection line 10. Note that the ventilation device 1 and the lighting equipment 7 may be connected to each other via wireless communication.
A device including human detection means capable of detecting the presence of a person may also be, for example, a security system that manages people entering and leaving a building or the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c, using a card key. The security system and the ventilation device 1 are connected to each other via wired or wireless communication, thereby allowing entering-leaving information held by the security system to be transmitted from the security system to the ventilation device 1.
Note that instead of receiving the presence-absence information from a device including a human detecting sensor or a card reader, a separate human detecting sensor can be installed in each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c to enable the ventilation device 1 to collect the presence-absence information directly from the human detecting sensors. In addition, any device capable of detecting the presence of a person can be used as a human detecting sensor.
The outdoor-side inlet OA is connected to the ventilation device 1 via an outdoor-side duct 17. The ventilation device 1 is connected to the multiple indoor-side outlets SA via a supply-side duct 18. The multiple indoor-side inlets RA are connected to the ventilation device 1 via an indoor-side duct 19. The ventilation device 1 is connected to the outdoor-side outlet EA via a discharge-side duct 20. Although omitted in
A CO2 sensor 21 for measuring CO2 concentration in the discharge airway 16 is disposed in the discharge airway 16 inside the ventilation device 1. The CO2 concentration in the discharge airway 16 is the CO2 concentration of mixed air that is a mixture of the exhaust air from the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c. That is, the CO2 concentration in the discharge airway 16 represents the total volume of CO2 gas contained in the total volume of the exhaust air discharged from the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c.
The air discharge blower 13 and the air supply blower 14 are independently driven and controlled by a control device 22. The control device 22 is connected to the CO2 sensor 21, and can thus receive information on the CO2 concentration measured by the CO2 sensor 21. An operation device 23 connected to the control device 22 operates the ventilation device 1, and checks a state of the ventilation device 1.
The ventilation device 1 is connected with the operation device 23. The operation device 23 is capable of displaying information such as an operating state of the ventilation device, the operational air flow rate of the air discharge blower 13, and the operational air flow rate of the air supply blower 14. The operation device 23 is also capable of stopping the operation of the ventilation device, and setting operating notches of the air discharge blower 13 and of the air supply blower 14. The operation device 23 is connected to the control unit 33 via an operation device communication circuit 37.
The CO2 sensor 21 disposed in the discharge airway 16 measures the CO2 concentration, and outputs a CO2 concentration signal. The CO2 sensor 21 is connected to the control unit 33 via a CO2 sensor signal reception circuit 36 for receiving the CO2 concentration signal.
The control device 22 also includes a functional setting circuit 40 having, for example, a switch for setting the operating notch of the air discharge blower 13 or of the air supply blower 14 on the basis of the presence-absence information or the CO2 concentration.
The control unit 33 is capable of receiving signals from the CO2 sensor signal reception circuit 36, the operation device communication circuit 37, a presence-absence information reception circuit 38, and the functional setting circuit 40, outputting a drive command to an air supply blower drive circuit 34 to drive the air supply blower 14, and outputting a drive command to an air discharge blower drive circuit 35 to drive the air discharge blower 13.
In accordance with the CO2 concentration detected by the CO2 sensor 21 or the CO2 concentration of each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c, the control unit 33 outputs a drive command to the air supply blower drive circuit 34 to drive the air supply blower 14 and outputs a drive command to the air discharge blower drive circuit 35 to drive the air discharge blower 13. The control unit 33 operates the air discharge blower 13 and the air supply blower 14 in a high power mode when the highest CO2 concentration of a room among the rooms 4a, 4b, 4c is equal to or greater than 800 ppm, the highest CO2 concentration being highest of CO2 concentrations of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c. The control unit 33 operates the air discharge blower 13 and the air supply blower 14 in a low power mode when the highest CO2 concentration of a room among the rooms 4a, 4b, 4c is equal to or greater than 500 ppm and less than 800 ppm, the highest CO2 concentration being highest of CO2 concentrations of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c. The control unit 33 operates the air discharge blower 13 and the air supply blower 14 in a very low power mode when the highest CO2 concentration of a room among the rooms 4a, 4b, 4c is less than 500 ppm, the highest CO2 concentration being highest of CO2 concentrations of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c.
A process performed by the control unit 33 for estimating the CO2 concentration of each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c will next be described. The example is described below on the assumption that the presence-absence information on the room 4a is “occupied”, the presence-absence information on the room 4b is “unoccupied”, and the presence-absence information on the room 4c is “occupied”, and that the CO2 concentration in the discharge airway 16 is 800 ppm.
Assuming that the volume of air discharged from each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c per hour is 100 m3/h, the exhaust air discharged to the outdoors by the ventilation device 1 will be 300 m3/h, which is the sum of the volumes of air discharged from the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c per hour. Accordingly, the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air discharged to the outdoors by the ventilation device 1 is 300[m3/h]×800[ppm]=300[m3/h]×800÷1000000=0.24[m3/h].
Next, the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air in each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c is calculated. Since the presence-absence information on the room 4b represents “unoccupied”, there are no person in the room 4b. Since the room 4b is ventilated by the ventilation device 1 in spite of the absence of room occupants in the room 4b, the CO2 concentration of the exhaust air becomes identical to the CO2 concentration in the outdoor air. Since the typical CO2 concentration in the air is about 400 ppm, the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air from the room 4b is 100[m3/h]×400[ppm]=100[m3/h]×400÷1000000=0.04[m3/h].
Since the presence-absence information on each of the room 4a and the room 4c represents “occupied”, there are people in the room 4a and the room 4c. In the presence of a room occupant, air exhaled from the person makes the indoor CO2 concentration higher than the CO2 concentration in the air. Thus, the CO2 concentrations of the rooms 4a and 4c are estimated from “the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air discharged through the ventilation device 1” and “the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air discharged from the room 4b”.
First, assume that the number of people present in the room 4a is the same as that in the room 4c, and that the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air discharged from the room 4a is the same as that from the room 4c. Then, the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air discharged from the room 4a is (“the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air discharged through the ventilation device 1”—“the amount of CO2 gas contained in the exhaust air discharged from the room 4b”)÷“the sum of the volumes of the exhaust air discharged from the occupied rooms 4a and 4c ”דthe volume of the exhaust air discharged from the room 4a”=(0.24−0.04)÷200×100=0.1[m3/h]. Thus, the CO2 concentration is calculated: CO2 concentration=amount of CO2 gas÷volume of the exhaust air=0.1[m3/h]÷100[m3/h]=1000 ppm. Similarly, the CO2 concentration of the room 4c is also 1000 ppm.
Since the CO2 concentrations of the rooms 4a and 4c are 1000 ppm, the control device 22 operates the air supply blower 14 and the air discharge blower 13 in a high power mode.
At step S102, the control device 22 receives presence-absence information from the air conditioner 5, the remote controller 6, and the lighting equipment .installed in the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c, respectively. The control device 22 performs the subsequent part, of the CO2 concentration estimation process for the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c, using the presence-absence information obtained at step S102. Note that the indoor CO2 gas is not discharged immediately after the presence-absence information on one of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c changes from “occupied” to “unoccupied”, in which case a large error may occur between the estimated value and the actual value. To prevent such a large error, thus, the CO2 concentration estimation process for the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c may be performed regarding the presence-absence information as remaining “occupied” for a certain time period after the change in the presence-absence information from “occupied” to “unoccupied”. That is, the CO2 concentration estimation process for the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c may be performed regarding room occupants as being present for a certain time period after no room occupant has been detected.
At step S103, the control device 22 sets the volume of the exhaust air to be discharged by the ventilation device 1 from each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c. In a case in which the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c have the same heights and the same floor areas, the volumes of the exhaust air may be deemed as the same as one another. Alternatively, in a case in which the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c differ from one another in at least one of the height and the floor area, the volume of the exhaust air may be individually set for the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c. The volumes of the exhaust air to be discharged from the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c may be set by the functional setting circuit 40. In addition, the volumes of the exhaust air to be discharged from the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c may be set in correspondence with the cooling or the heating capacity of the air conditioner 5. That is, the control device 22 may receive information on the cooling capacity or the heating capacity from the air conditioner 5, and then set the volumes of the exhaust air on the basis of the received information.
For a building having a reinforced concrete structure, the air conditioner 5 having a cooling capacity of 5.6 kW can typically cool a room having an area of about 32 m2. As for Japan, Act on Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings provides for a required ventilation amount of 25 to 30 m3/h per person in a case where the number of room occupants per 1 m2 is 0.2. In compliance with this provision, a required ventilation amount per 1 kW of the cooling capacity of the air conditioner 5 is 32[m2]÷5.6[kW]×0.2[person/m2]×30[m3/h/person]=34.3[m3/h].
Alternatively, the volumes of the exhaust air to be discharged from the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c may be set in correspondence to the power consumption of lighting equipment installed in each room. That is, the control device 22 may receive information on the power consumption from the lighting equipment installed in each room, and then set the volumes of the exhaust air on the basis of the received information. A room having a floor area of 16 m2 typically needs a fluorescent lamp of about 100 W. Thus, a required ventilation amount per 1 W of lighting equipment is 16[m2]÷100[W]×0.2[person/m2]×30 [m3/h/person]=0.96[m3/h]. The control device 22 performs the subsequent part of the CO2 concentration estimation process for each room, using the volume of the exhaust air discharged from each room obtained at step S103.
At step S104, the control device 22 calculates the amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged to the outdoors by the ventilation device 1. The amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged by the ventilation device 1 is calculated by multiplication of “the volume of the exhaust air that the ventilation device 1 can discharge” by “the CO2 concentration obtained at step S101”.
At step S105, the control device 22 calculates the amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged from the room determined to be unoccupied from the presence-absence information on each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c obtained at step S102. The amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged from the room determined to be unoccupied is calculated by multiplication of “the CO2 concentration in the air” by “the volume of the exhaust air discharged from the room, set at step S103”.
Note that the CO2 concentration in the air may be set to any value, using the functional setting circuit 40 in view of a possible situation where a building is located in an environment, for example, along a major road having a CO2 concentration higher than a normal value. In addition, the CO2 concentration at the time when all the rooms have been unoccupied for a time period during which the air in the rooms can be replaced with fresh air may be regarded as the CO2 concentration in the ambient air.
At step S106, the control device 22 calculates the sum of the volumes of the exhaust air discharged from the rooms having the presence-absence information representing “occupied”, among ail the rooms. The sum of the capacities of the exhaust air discharged from the occupied rooms is calculated using the volume of the exhaust air discharged from each of the rooms obtained at step S103.
Next, to calculate the amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged from each of the rooms determined to be occupied, the process from step S107 to step S111 is performed on a room-by-room basis. In this example, each room is assigned a room number N such that the room 4a is assigned N=1, the room 4b is assigned N=2, and the room 4c is assigned N=3. In the repeat process, at first, N is 1. The repeat process proceeds from step S107 to step S112, after which N is incremented by one. The processes from step S107 to step S112 are subsequently performed again. When the repeat process with N equal to 3 proceeds to step S112, the process terminates, thereby terminating the process of estimating the CO2 concentration. That is, the repeat process is performed using the variable N from an initial value of 1 to a final value of 3, and an increment of 1.
After the start of the repeat process at step S107, the control device 22 determines, at step S108, whether the presence-absence information on the room having the room number N is “occupied”. If the presence-absence information on the room having the room number N is “occupied”, that is. Yes at step S108, the process proceeds to step S109.
At step S109, the control device 22 calculates the amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged from the room having the room number N that is occupied. Note that the amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged from the room having the room number N is calculated by: subtracting the total value of “the amount(s) of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged from the unoccupied room(s) calculated at step S105” from “the amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged to the outdoors by the ventilation device 1 calculated at step S104”; dividing the resulting difference by “the sum of the volumes of the exhaust air discharged from the occupied rooms calculated at step S106”; and multiplying the resulting quotient by “the volume of the exhaust air to be discharged from the room that has been set at step S103”.
At step S110, the control device 22 calculates the CO2 concentration in the exhaust air discharged from the room having the room number N. The CO2 concentration in the exhaust air discharged from the room having the room number N is calculated by dividing “the amount of CO2 gas in the exhaust air discharged from the room calculated at step S109” by “the volume of the exhaust air to be discharged from the room that has been set at step S103”.
When the presence-absence information on the room having the room number N is “unoccupied”, that is, No at step S108, the control device 22 sets, at step S111, the CO2 concentration of the room having the room number N to the CO2 concentration in an unoccupied state. The CO2 concentration in an unoccupied state is set to the same value as that of the CO2 concentration in the ambient air. Note that when no occupant has been detected for a certain time period for all the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c, the CO2 concentration of each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c may be estimated to be the CO2 concentration measured by the CO2 sensor 21.
When the process for the room having the room number N is complete at step S112, N is incremented by one, after which the process restarts from step S107. Alternatively, when N reaches the final value, the repeat process terminates.
After the completion of the CO2 concentration estimation process for all the rooms, such processes not illustrated as controlling the air discharge blower 13 and the air supply blower 14 are performed. The CO2 concentration estimation process is repeatedly performed after these processes.
The CO2 concentration of each room cannot be detected only by the CO2 sensor 21 disposed in the discharge airway 16 of the ventilation device 1. However, performing the foregoing operation in combination with the human detecting sensor installed in each room enables estimating the CO2 concentration of each room. This can prevent the CO2 concentration in a particular room from increasing due to insufficient ventilation.
Although the foregoing description is made on the assumption that the human detecting sensors are installed in the air conditioner 5, the remote controller 6, and the lighting equipment 7, the human detecting sensors may be installed in the rooms separately from the air conditioner 5, the remote controller 6, and the lighting equipment 7.
The functionality of the control unit 33 of the ventilation control system 50 according to the first embodiment described above is implemented in a processing circuitry. The processing circuitry may be a dedicated hardware element or a processing unit that, executes a program stored in a memory device.
In a case in which the processing circuitry is a dedicated hardware element, the processing circuitry may be a single circuit, a set of multiple circuits, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, or a combination thereof.
In a case in which the processing circuitry 29 is a processing unit, the functionality of the control unit 33 is implemented in software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
The processing circuitry 29 implements the functionality of the control unit 33 by reading and executing the program 29b stored in the memory device 293. It can also be said that the program 29b causes a computer to perform a procedure and a method for implementing the functionality of the control unit 33.
Note that the processing circuitry 29 may implement the functionality of the control unit 33 partially in a dedicated hardware element and partially in software or firmware.
As described above, the processing circuitry 29 can implement the foregoing functionality in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
The configurations described in the foregoing embodiment are merely examples of various aspects of the present invention. These configurations may be combined with a known other technology that includes means for detecting another type of presence-absence information such as presence-absence information generated through room entry-exit management, and moreover, a part of the configurations may be omitted and/or modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The foregoing embodiment has been described as to the ventilation control system 50, which estimates the CO2 concentration of each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c from the CO2 concentration in the ventilation device 1, the presence-absence information on each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c, and the capacity information on the exhaust air from each of the rooms 4a, 4b, and 4c. The procedure described herein is applicable as a carbon dioxide concentration estimation method in various occasions, and is effective in applications other than ventilation control.
1 ventilation device; 2 air supply duct; 3 air discharge duct; 4a, 4b, 4c room; 5 air conditioner; 6 remote controller; 7 lighting equipment; 8, 9, 10 connection line; 11 body housing; 12 heat exchanger; 13 air discharge blower; 14 air supply blower; 15 supply airway; 16 discharge airway; 17 outdoor-side duct; 18 supply-side duct; 19 indoor-side duct; 20 discharge-side duct; 21 CO2 sensor; 22 control device; 23 operation device; 29 processing circuitry; 29a logic circuit; 29b program; 31 commercial power supply; 32 power circuit; 33 control unit; 34 air supply blower drive circuit; 35 air discharge blower drive circuit; 36 CO2 sensor signal .reception circuit; 37 operation device communication circuit; 38 presence-absence information reception circuit; 40 functional setting circuit; 50 ventilation control system; 291 processor; 292 random access memory; 293 memory device.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/047951 | 12/26/2018 | WO | 00 |
