The present description pertains to ventilator devices used to provide breathing assistance. Modern ventilator technologies commonly employ positive pressure to assist patient ventilation. For example, after determining a patient-initiated or timed trigger, the ventilator delivers a specified gas mixture into an inhalation airway connected to the patient to track a specified desired pressure or flow trajectory, causing or assisting the patient's lungs to fill. Upon reaching the end of the inspiration, the added support is removed and the patient is allowed to passively exhale and the ventilator controls the gas flow through the system to maintain a designated airway pressure level (PEEP) during the exhalation phase. Other types of ventilators are non-triggered, and mandate a specified breathing pattern regardless of patient effort.
Modern ventilators typically include microprocessors or other controllers that employ various control schemes. These control schemes are used to command a pneumatic system (e.g., valves) that regulates the flow rates of breathing gases to and from the patient. Closed-loop control is often employed, using data from pressure/flow sensors.
Many therapeutic settings involve the potential for leaks occurring at various locations on the ventilator device. The magnitude of these leaks can vary from setting to setting, and/or dynamically within a particular setting, dependent upon a host of variables. Leaks can impair triggering (transition into inhalation phase) and cycling (transition into exhalation phase) of the ventilator; and thus cause problems with patient-device synchrony; undesirably increase patient breathing work; degrade advisory information available to treatment providers; and/or otherwise compromise the desired respiratory therapy.
Accordingly, attempts have been made in existing control systems to compensate for leaks in ventilator components. Though some benefits have been achieved, prior compensation mechanisms typically are predicated on simplified assumptions or limited information, which limits the ability to accurately and dynamically account for system leaks in general and instantaneous leak rates in particular.
Referring now specifically to
The present systems and methods have proved particularly advantageous in non-invasive settings, such as with facial breathing masks, as those settings typically are more susceptible to leaks. However, leaks do occur in a variety of settings, and the present description contemplates that the patient interface may be invasive or non-invasive, and of any configuration suitable for communicating a flow of breathing gas from the patient circuit to an airway of the patient. Examples of suitable patient interface devices include a nasal mask, nasal/oral mask (which is shown in
Pneumatic system 22 may be configured in a variety of ways. In the present example, system 22 includes an expiratory module 40 coupled with an expiratory limb 34 and an inspiratory module 42 coupled with an inspiratory limb 32. Compressor 44 is coupled with inspiratory module 42 to provide a gas source for ventilatory support via inspiratory limb 32.
The pneumatic system may include a variety of other components, including sources for pressurized air and/or oxygen, mixing modules, valves, sensors, tubing, accumulators, filters, etc. Controller 50 is operatively coupled with pneumatic system 22, signal measurement and acquisition systems, and an operator interface 52 may be provided to enable an operator to interact with the ventilator (e.g., change ventilator settings, select operational modes, view monitored parameters, etc.). Controller 50 may include memory 54, one or more processors 56, storage 58, and/or other components of the type commonly found in command and control computing devices. As described in more detail below, controller 50 issues commands to pneumatic system 22 in order to control the breathing assistance provided to the patient by the ventilator. The specific commands may be based on inputs received from patient 24, pneumatic system 22 and sensors, operator interface 52 and/or other components of the ventilator. In the depicted example, operator interface includes a display 59 that is touch-sensitive, enabling the display to serve both as an input and output device.
In many cases, it may be desirable to establish a baseline pressure and/or flow trajectory for a given respiratory therapy session. The volume of breathing gas delivered to the patient's lung and the volume of the gas exhaled by the patient are measured or determined, and the measured or predicted/estimated leaks are accounted for to ensure accurate delivery and data reporting and monitoring. Accordingly, the more accurate the leak estimation, the better the baseline calculation of delivered and exhaled volume as well as event detection (triggering and cycling phase transitions).
Regardless of the particular cause or nature of the underlying condition, ventilator 20 typically provides breathing assistance during inspiration and exhalation.
Improper leak accounting can compromise the timing and magnitude of the control signals applied from controller 50 to pneumatic system 22 especially during volume delivery. Also, lack or inaccurate leak compensation can jeopardize spirometry and patient data monitoring and reporting calculations. As shown at schematic leak source L1, the pressure applied from the pneumatic system 22 to patient interface 28 may cause leakage of breathing gas to atmosphere. This leakage to atmosphere may occur, for example, at some point on inspiratory limb 32 or expiratory limb 34, or at where breathing circuit 30 couples to patient interface 28 or pneumatic system 22.
In the case of non-invasive ventilation, it is typical for some amount of breathing gas to escape via the opening defined between the patient interface (e.g. facial breathing mask) and the surface of the patient's face. In facial masks, this opening can occur at a variety of locations around the edge of the mask, and the size and deformability of the mask can create significant leak variations. As one example, as shown in
Accurately accounting for the magnitude of leak L1 may provide significant advantages. In order for controller 50 to command pneumatic system 22 to deliver the desired amount of volume/pressure to the patient at the desired time and measure/estimate the accurate amount of gas volume exhaled by the patient, the controller must have knowledge of how large leak L1 is during operation of the ventilator. The fact that the leak magnitude changes dynamically during operation of the ventilator introduces additional complexity to the problem of leak modeling.
Triggering and cycling (patient-ventilator) synchrony may also be compromised by sub-optimal leak estimation. In devices with patient-triggered and patient-cycled modalities that support spontaneous breathing efforts by the patient, it can be important to accurately detect when the patient wishes to inhale and exhale. Detection commonly occurs by using accurate pressure and/or lung flow (flow rates into or out of the patient lung) variations. Leak source L2 represents a leak in the airway that causes an error in the signals to the sensors of pneumatic system 22. This error may impede the ability of ventilator to detect the start of an inspiratory effort, which in turn compromises the ability of controller 50 to drive the pneumatic system in a fashion that is synchronous with the patient's spontaneous breathing cycles.
Improved leak estimation may be achieved in the present examples through provision of a control scheme that more fully accounts for factors affecting the time-varying magnitude of leaks under interface and airway pressure variations. The present example may include, in part, a constant-size leak model consisting of a single parameter (orifice resistance, leak conductance, or leak factor) utilized in conjunction with the pneumatic flow equation through a rigid orifice, namely,
Qleak=(leak factor/Resistance/Conductance)*√{square root over (ΔP)} (1)
Where ΔP=pressure differential across the leak site. This assumes a fixed size leak (i.e., a constant leak resistance or conductance or factor over at least one breath period).
To provide a more accurate estimate of instantaneous leak, the leak detection system and method may also take into account the elastic properties of one or more components of the ventilator device (e.g., the face mask, tubing used in the breathing circuit, etc.). This more accurate leak accounting enhances patient-ventilator synchrony and effectiveness under time-varying airway pressure conditions in the presence of both rigid orifice constant size leaks as well as pressure-dependent varying-size elastic leak sources.
According to the pneumatic equations governing the flow across an orifice, the flow rate is a function of the area and square root of the pressure difference across the orifice as well as gas properties. For derivation of the algorithm carried out by the controller, constant gas properties are assumed and a combination of leak sources comprising of rigid fixed-size orifices (total area=Ar=constant) and elastic opening through the patient interface [total area=Ae(P)=function of applied pressure]. Therefore,
Qleak=K0*(Ar+Ae(P))*√{square root over (ΔP)} (2)
For the purposes of this implementation, at low pressure differences, the maximum center deflection for elastic membranes and thin plates are a quasi-linear function of applied pressure as well as dependent on other factors such as radius, thickness, stress, Young's Modulus of Elasticity, Poisson's Ratio, etc. Therefore,
Ae(P)=Ke*ΔP (3)
As ΔP is the pressure difference across a leak source to ambient (Pambient=0), then we substitute ΔP by the instantaneous applied pressure P(t) and rearrange equation 1 as follows (K1 and K2 are assumed to be constant):
Qleak=K0(Ar+KeP(t))√{square root over (P(t))} (4)
Qleak=K1*P(t)1/2+K2*P(t)3/2 (5)
Also, the total volume loss over one breath period=Vleak=Delivered Volume−Exhausted Volume;
The general equation of motion for a patient ventilator system during passive exhalation can then be written,
Paw+Pm=R*(Qleak+Qexh−Qdelivered)+(1/C)*∫[Qleak+Qexh−Qdelivered]*dt (7)
Assuming that when end exhalation conditions are present a constant airway pressure is being delivered (steady PEEP), constant bias flow maintained during exhalation phase Qdelivered, constant leak flow (due to no pressure variation), and Pm=0 (due to no patient respiratory effort), the equation of motion could be differentiated and reorganized as follows:
If Qexhdot=0 equation 8 can be reduced to
Qleak=Qdelivered−Qexh (10)
And subsequently,
Qleak=K1(PEEP)1/2+K2(PEEP)3/2 (11)
Otherwise Qexhdot≠0. In this case, an appropriate duration of time ΔT is taken during passive exhalation period and assuming constant delivered flow, equation can be derived as follows:
And,
Qleak(ti+ΔT)=K1(PEEP)1/2+K2(PEEP)3/2=[Qdelivered(ti+ΔT)−Qexh(ti+ΔT)]−R*C*Qexhdot(ti+ΔT) (13)
Therefore, equation 6 and equation 10 and equation 13 may be used to solve for K1 and K2. These calculations may be repeated every breath cycle and applied over appropriate time windows (i.e. during exhalation) and breathing conditions to optimize parameter estimation and minimize the total error between estimated total volume loss and actual measured volume loss across the full breath cycle. The constants K1 and K2 may be stored and compared to track changes and update various parameters of the system such as the triggering and cycling sensitivities, etc.
At 512 the routine establishes a baseline level of leak estimation and compensation. This may be a preset value stored in the controller 50 or may be updated taking into account various parameters of the breathing cycle and ventilator 20, such as the Positive End Expiratory Pressure PEEP, the set inspiratory pressure or flow/volume targets, the volumetric airflow delivered by pneumatic system 22, and type of the breathing circuit 30, etc.
The routine then proceeds to 514 where the feedback control (e.g., as shown in
The routine advances to 516 where the leak compensation is performed. Various types of leak compensation may be implemented. For example, as shown at 518, rigid-orifice compensation may be employed using values calculated as discussed above. In particular, holes or other leak sources may be present in non-elastic parts of the breathing circuit, such as the ports of a facial mask (not shown) and/or in the inspiratory and expiratory limbs. Equation 1 may be used to calculate the volumetric airflow through such an orifice, assuming the leak factor/resistance/conductance is constant.
Elastic properties of ventilator components may also be accounted for during leak compensation, as shown at 520, for example using values calculated as described above. Specifically, elastic properties of patient interface 28 and/or breathing circuit 30 may be established (e.g., derived based on material properties such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, etc.), and employed in connection with calculations such as those discussed above in reference to equations 6, 10, and/or 13, to account for the deformation of orifice 61, as shown in
The routine then proceeds to 522 where appropriate baseline control commands and measurements are adjusted to compensate for the leaks in the ventilator calculated in 516 i.e. adjust appropriate control command and connect and/or compensate applicable measurements. In many settings, it will be desirable to regularly and dynamically update the compensation level (e.g., once every breathing cycle) in order to optimize the control and compensation.
It will be appreciated that the embodiments and method implementations disclosed herein are exemplary in nature, and that these specific examples are not to be considered in a limiting sense, because numerous variations are possible. The subject matter of the present disclosure includes all novel and nonobvious combinations and subcombinations of the various configurations and method implementations, and other features, functions, and/or properties disclosed herein. Claims may be presented that particularly point out certain combinations and subcombinations regarded as novel and nonobvious. Such claims may refer to “an” element or “a first” element or the equivalent thereof. Such claims should be understood to include incorporation of one or more such elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more such elements. Other combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features, functions, elements, and/or properties may be claimed through amendment of the present claims or through presentation of new claims in this or a related application. Such claims, whether broader, narrower, equal, or different in scope to the original claims, also are regarded as included within the subject matter of the present disclosure.
This application claims priority from U.S. Patent Application No. 61/041,070 which was filed on Mar. 31, 2008, and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3805780 | Cramer et al. | Apr 1974 | A |
3941124 | Rodewald et al. | Mar 1976 | A |
4056098 | Michel et al. | Nov 1977 | A |
4305388 | Brisson | Dec 1981 | A |
4340044 | Levy et al. | Jul 1982 | A |
4448192 | Stawitcke et al. | May 1984 | A |
4752089 | Carter | Jun 1988 | A |
4766894 | Legrand et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
4921642 | LaTorraca | May 1990 | A |
4939647 | Clough et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
4954799 | Kumar | Sep 1990 | A |
4971052 | Edwards | Nov 1990 | A |
4972842 | Korten et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
4986268 | Tehrani | Jan 1991 | A |
5057822 | Hoffman | Oct 1991 | A |
5072728 | Pasternack | Dec 1991 | A |
5072737 | Goulding | Dec 1991 | A |
5094235 | Westenskow et al. | Mar 1992 | A |
5148802 | Sanders et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5150291 | Cummings et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5161525 | Kimm et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
5237987 | Anderson et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
5239995 | Estes et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
5259373 | Gruenke et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
5271389 | Isaza et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
5279549 | Ranford | Jan 1994 | A |
5299568 | Forare et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5301921 | Kumar | Apr 1994 | A |
5313937 | Zdrojkowski et al. | May 1994 | A |
5315989 | Tobia | May 1994 | A |
5316009 | Yamada | May 1994 | A |
5319540 | Isaza et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5325861 | Goulding | Jul 1994 | A |
5333606 | Schneider et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5339807 | Carter | Aug 1994 | A |
5343857 | Schneider et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
5351522 | Lura | Oct 1994 | A |
5357946 | Kee et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
5365922 | Raemer | Nov 1994 | A |
5368019 | LaTorraca | Nov 1994 | A |
5383449 | Forare et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5385142 | Brady et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5388575 | Taube | Feb 1995 | A |
5390666 | Kimm et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5398682 | Lynn | Mar 1995 | A |
5401135 | Stoen et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
5402796 | Packer et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5407174 | Kumar | Apr 1995 | A |
5413110 | Cummings et al. | May 1995 | A |
5429123 | Shaffer et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
5433193 | Sanders et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
5438980 | Phillips | Aug 1995 | A |
5443075 | Holscher | Aug 1995 | A |
5492113 | Estes et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5503146 | Froehlich et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
5503147 | Bertheau | Apr 1996 | A |
5513631 | McWilliams | May 1996 | A |
5517983 | Deighan et al. | May 1996 | A |
5520071 | Jones | May 1996 | A |
5524615 | Power | Jun 1996 | A |
5531221 | Power | Jul 1996 | A |
5535738 | Estes et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5540220 | Gropper et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5542415 | Brody | Aug 1996 | A |
5544674 | Kelly | Aug 1996 | A |
5549106 | Gruenke et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
5551418 | Estes et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5551419 | Froehlich et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5555880 | Winter et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5596984 | O'Mahoney et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
5598838 | Servidio et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
5605151 | Lynn | Feb 1997 | A |
5623923 | Bertheau et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5630411 | Holscher | May 1997 | A |
5632269 | Zdrojkowski | May 1997 | A |
5632270 | O'Mahoney et al. | May 1997 | A |
5645048 | Brodsky et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5645053 | Remmers et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5660171 | Kimm et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
5664560 | Merrick et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
5664562 | Bourdon | Sep 1997 | A |
5671767 | Kelly | Sep 1997 | A |
5672041 | Ringdahl et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
5673689 | Power | Oct 1997 | A |
5685296 | Zdrojkowski et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5687715 | Landis et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5692497 | Schnitzer et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5715812 | Deighan et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5752509 | Lachmann et al. | May 1998 | A |
5762480 | Adahan | Jun 1998 | A |
5771884 | Yarnall et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5791339 | Winter | Aug 1998 | A |
5794615 | Estes | Aug 1998 | A |
5794986 | Gansel et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5803065 | Zdrojkowski et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5813399 | Isaza et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5823187 | Estes et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5826575 | Lall | Oct 1998 | A |
5829441 | Kidd et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5864938 | Gansel et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5865168 | Isaza | Feb 1999 | A |
5876352 | Weismann | Mar 1999 | A |
5881717 | Isaza | Mar 1999 | A |
5881723 | Wallace et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5884622 | Younes | Mar 1999 | A |
5884623 | Winter | Mar 1999 | A |
5891023 | Lynn | Apr 1999 | A |
5901704 | Estes et al. | May 1999 | A |
5904141 | Estes et al. | May 1999 | A |
5909731 | O'Mahony et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5915379 | Wallace et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5915380 | Wallace et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5915382 | Power | Jun 1999 | A |
5918597 | Jones et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5921238 | Bourdon | Jul 1999 | A |
5921920 | Marshall et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5927274 | Servidio et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5934274 | Merrick et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
5970975 | Estes et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
6024089 | Wallace et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6029664 | Zdrojkowski et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6041780 | Richard et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6047860 | Sanders | Apr 2000 | A |
6055981 | Laswick et al. | May 2000 | A |
6076523 | Jones et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6105575 | Estes et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6116240 | Merrick et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6116464 | Sanders | Sep 2000 | A |
6123073 | Schlawin et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6123074 | Hete et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6135106 | Dirks et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6142150 | O'Mahony | Nov 2000 | A |
6148814 | Clemmer et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6152129 | Berthon-Jones | Nov 2000 | A |
6158432 | Biondi et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6161539 | Winter | Dec 2000 | A |
6220245 | Takabayashi et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6223064 | Lynn et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6253765 | Högnelid et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6257234 | Sun | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6269812 | Wallace et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6273444 | Power | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6279569 | Berthon-Jones | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6283119 | Bourdon | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6286508 | Remmers et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6305372 | Servidio | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6305373 | Wallace et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6305374 | Zdrojkowski et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6321748 | O'Mahoney | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6325785 | Babkes et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6342039 | Lynn et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6357438 | Hansen | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6360741 | Truschel | Mar 2002 | B2 |
6360745 | Wallace et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6369838 | Wallace et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6371114 | Schmidt et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6390091 | Banner et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6412483 | Jones et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6425395 | Brewer et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6427689 | Estes et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6439229 | Du et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6467478 | Merrick et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6484719 | Berthon-Jones | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6512938 | Claure et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
6532957 | Berthon-Jones | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6532958 | Buan et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6532959 | Berthon-Jones | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6532960 | Yurko | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6536429 | Pavlov et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6536432 | Truschel | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6539940 | Zdrojkowski et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6543449 | Woodring et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6546930 | Emerson et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6550478 | Remmers et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6553991 | Isaza | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6553992 | Berthon-Jones et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6557553 | Borrello | May 2003 | B1 |
6561187 | Schmidt et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
6571795 | Bourdon | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6575163 | Berthon-Jones | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6578575 | Jonson | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6609016 | Lynn | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6609517 | Estes et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6615834 | Gradon et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6622726 | Du | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6626175 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6629527 | Estes et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
6640806 | Yurko | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6644310 | Delache et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6644312 | Berthon-Jones et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6644316 | Bowman et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6659101 | Berthon-Jones | Dec 2003 | B2 |
6668824 | Isaza et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6671529 | Claure et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
6675801 | Wallace et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
6688307 | Berthon-Jones | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6701926 | Olsen et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6718974 | Moberg | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6722365 | Nilsson et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6723055 | Hoffman | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6723132 | Salehpoor | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6725447 | Gilman et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6739337 | Isaza | May 2004 | B2 |
6748252 | Lynn et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6752150 | Remmers et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6752151 | Hill | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6755193 | Berthon-Jones et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6758216 | Berthon-Jones et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6760608 | Lynn | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6761165 | Strickland, Jr. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6761167 | Nadjafizadeh et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6761168 | Nadjafizadeh et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6789541 | Olsen et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6796305 | Banner et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6810876 | Berthon-Jones | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6814074 | Nadjafizadeh et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
6820613 | Wenkebach et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6820618 | Banner et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6823866 | Jafari et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6837242 | Younes | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6843250 | Efrati | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6866040 | Bourdon | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6868346 | Larson et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6874503 | Rydgren | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6910480 | Berthon-Jones | Jun 2005 | B1 |
6910481 | Kimmel et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6920875 | Hill et al. | Jul 2005 | B1 |
6920877 | Remmers et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6932084 | Estes et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6945248 | Berthon-Jones | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6948497 | Zdrojkowski et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6960854 | Nadjafizadeh et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6962155 | Sinderby | Nov 2005 | B1 |
6986347 | Hickle | Jan 2006 | B2 |
7000612 | Jafari et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7008380 | Rees et al. | Mar 2006 | B1 |
7013892 | Estes et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7017576 | Olsen et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7036504 | Wallace et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7040320 | Fjeld et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7055522 | Berthon-Jones | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7066173 | Banner et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7073501 | Remmers et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7077131 | Hansen | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7081095 | Lynn et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
RE39225 | Isaza et al. | Aug 2006 | E |
7089936 | Madaus et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7092757 | Larson et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7100607 | Zdrojkowski et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7100608 | Brewer et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7100609 | Berthon-Jones et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7107991 | Kolobow | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7117438 | Wallace et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7137389 | Berthon-Jones | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7152598 | Morris et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7168429 | Matthews et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7195028 | Basset et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7210478 | Banner et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7229430 | Hickle et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7267122 | Hill | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7270126 | Wallace et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7275540 | Bolam et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7296573 | Estes et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7297119 | Westbrook et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7331343 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7353824 | Forsyth et al. | Apr 2008 | B1 |
7367337 | Berthon-Jones et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
7369757 | Farbarik | May 2008 | B2 |
7370650 | Nadjafizadeh et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
7398115 | Lynn | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7406870 | Seto | Aug 2008 | B2 |
7428902 | Du et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7448381 | Sasaki et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7455583 | Taya et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7460959 | Jafari | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7475685 | Dietz et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7487773 | Li | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7509957 | Duquette et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7527056 | Turiello | May 2009 | B2 |
7533671 | Gonzalez et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7621269 | Turiello | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7644713 | Berthon-Jones | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7654802 | Crawford, Jr. et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7661428 | Berthon-Jones | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7673629 | Turiello | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7677247 | Turiello | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7694677 | Tang | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7694678 | Turiello | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7717112 | Sun et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
7717113 | Andrieux | May 2010 | B2 |
D618356 | Ross | Jun 2010 | S |
7770578 | Estes et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7784461 | Figueiredo et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7810496 | Estes et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7810497 | Pittman et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7814906 | Moretti | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7823588 | Hansen | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7827988 | Matthews et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7855716 | McCreary et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7856979 | Doshi et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
D632796 | Ross et al. | Feb 2011 | S |
D632797 | Ross et al. | Feb 2011 | S |
7882835 | Eger et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7886739 | Soliman et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7886740 | Thomas et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7891354 | Farbarik | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7893560 | Carter | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7905231 | Chalvignac | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7918222 | Chen | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7918223 | Soliman et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7920067 | Durtschi et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7928852 | Durtschi et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
D638852 | Skidmore et al. | May 2011 | S |
7934499 | Berthon-Jones | May 2011 | B2 |
7938114 | Matthews et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
7963283 | Sinderby | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7984712 | Soliman et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
7984714 | Hausmann et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
D643535 | Ross et al. | Aug 2011 | S |
7992557 | Nadjafizadeh et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8001967 | Wallace et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8002154 | Fontela et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
D645158 | Sanchez et al. | Sep 2011 | S |
8021309 | Zilberg | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8021310 | Sanborn et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8033280 | Heinonen | Oct 2011 | B2 |
D649157 | Skidmore et al. | Nov 2011 | S |
8051853 | Berthon-Jones | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8070709 | Childers | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8083677 | Rohde | Dec 2011 | B2 |
D652521 | Ross et al. | Jan 2012 | S |
D652936 | Ross et al. | Jan 2012 | S |
8105310 | Klein | Jan 2012 | B2 |
D653749 | Winter et al. | Feb 2012 | S |
8113062 | Graboi et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8122885 | Berthon-Jones et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
D655405 | Winter et al. | Mar 2012 | S |
D655809 | Winter et al. | Mar 2012 | S |
D656237 | Sanchez et al. | Mar 2012 | S |
8136521 | Matthews et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8152116 | Westberg | Apr 2012 | B2 |
RE43398 | Honkonen et al. | May 2012 | E |
8181643 | Friedberg | May 2012 | B2 |
8181648 | Perine et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8181649 | Brunner | May 2012 | B2 |
8187184 | Muller et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8210173 | Vandine | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8210174 | Farbarik | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8211128 | Facundus et al. | Jul 2012 | B1 |
8216159 | Leiboff | Jul 2012 | B1 |
8217218 | Court et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8225796 | Davenport et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8235930 | McCall | Aug 2012 | B1 |
8240684 | Ross et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8251923 | Carrez et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8256418 | Bassin | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8267085 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8272379 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8272380 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8288607 | Court et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8302600 | Andrieux et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8302602 | Andrieux et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
20020014240 | Truschel | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020053345 | Jafari et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
20020185126 | Krebs | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030010339 | Banner et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030158466 | Lynn et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030159695 | Younes | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030221689 | Berthon-Jones | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040050387 | Younes | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040074492 | Berthon-Jones | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040089561 | Herman | May 2004 | A1 |
20040163648 | Burton | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040187870 | Matthews et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20050039748 | Andrieux | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050109340 | Tehrani | May 2005 | A1 |
20050139212 | Bourdon | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050172965 | Thulin | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050188991 | Sun et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050241639 | Zilberg | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20060000475 | Matthews et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060011200 | Remmers et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060086357 | Soliman et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060102180 | Berthon-Jones | May 2006 | A1 |
20060112959 | Mechlenburg et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060118112 | Cattano et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060144144 | Seto | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060150974 | Berthon-Jones | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060155206 | Lynn | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060155207 | Lynn et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060161071 | Lynn et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060174883 | Aylsworth et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060189880 | Lynn et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060195041 | Lynn et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060201505 | Remmers et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060217633 | Glocker et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060235324 | Lynn | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060241708 | Boute | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060247508 | Fennell | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060249150 | Dietz et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060249156 | Moretti | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060254588 | Brewer et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060264762 | Starr | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060272642 | Chalvignac | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060278218 | Hoffman | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070000494 | Banner et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070017515 | Wallace et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070027375 | Melker et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070028921 | Banner et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070044796 | Zdrojkowski et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070068530 | Pacey | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070072541 | Daniels, II et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070077200 | Baker | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070089738 | Soliman et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070093721 | Lynn et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070101992 | Soliman et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070129647 | Lynn | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070135736 | Addington et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070144522 | Eger et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070149860 | Lynn et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070157931 | Parker et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070163579 | Li et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070191688 | Lynn | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070191697 | Lynn et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070215154 | Borrello | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070221224 | Pittman et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070227537 | Bemister et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070251532 | Friedberg | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070272241 | Sanborn et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070277823 | Al-Ali et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070283958 | Naghavi | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070284361 | Nadjafizadeh et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20080000478 | Matthiessen et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080000479 | Elaz et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080041382 | Matthews et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080041383 | Matthews et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080051674 | Davenport et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080053441 | Gottlib et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080053442 | Estes et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080053443 | Estes et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080053444 | Estes et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080066752 | Baker et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080066753 | Martin et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080072896 | Setzer et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080072902 | Setzer et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080078390 | Milne et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080081974 | Pav | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080083644 | Janbakhsh et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080092894 | Nicolazzi et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080097234 | Nicolazzi et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080168988 | Lu | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080178880 | Christopher et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080178882 | Christopher et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080185002 | Berthon-Jones et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080200775 | Lynn | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080200819 | Lynn et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080221469 | Shevchuk | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080251079 | Richey | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080295837 | McCormick et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20080302359 | Loomas et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090014007 | Brambilla et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090050153 | Brunner | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090082653 | Rohde | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090088613 | Marttila et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090093697 | Mir et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090137927 | Miller | May 2009 | A1 |
20090149730 | McCrary | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090165795 | Nadjafizadeh et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090171176 | Andersohn | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090171226 | Campbell et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090178675 | Turiello | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090178676 | Villax et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090194100 | Minagi | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090205661 | Stephenson et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090205663 | Vandine et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090229605 | Efrati et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090241951 | Jafari et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090241952 | Nicolazzi et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090241953 | Vandine et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090241955 | Jafari et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090241956 | Baker, Jr. et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090241957 | Baker, Jr. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090241958 | Baker, Jr. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090247891 | Wood | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090250061 | Marasigan | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090272382 | Euliano et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090281481 | Harding | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090301486 | Masic | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090301487 | Masic | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090301490 | Masic | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090301491 | Masic et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090308398 | Ferdinand et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090314294 | Chalvignac | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090318851 | Schenck | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100011307 | Desfossez et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100018529 | Chalvignac | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100024819 | Tiedje | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100024820 | Bourdon | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100051026 | Graboi | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100051029 | Jafari et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100065057 | Berthon-Jones | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100069761 | Karst et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100071689 | Thiessen | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100071692 | Porges | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100071695 | Thiessen | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100071696 | Jafari | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100071697 | Jafari et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100078017 | Andrieux et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100078018 | Heinonen | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100078026 | Andrieux et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100081119 | Jafari et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100081955 | Wood, Jr. et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100081958 | She | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100101574 | Bassin | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100101576 | Berthon-Jones | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100116276 | Bayasi | May 2010 | A1 |
20100137737 | Addington et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100139660 | Adahan | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100147303 | Jafari et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100186741 | Aylsworth et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100186744 | Andrieux | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100218765 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100218766 | Milne | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100218767 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100234758 | de Menezes | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100236553 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100236555 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100242961 | Mougel et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100252048 | Young et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100258123 | Somaiya et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100262038 | Tan et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100282259 | Figueiredo et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100288283 | Campbell et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100300446 | Nicolazzi et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100331768 | Hedmann et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110011400 | Gentner et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110023878 | Thiessen | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110023879 | Vandine et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110023880 | Thiessen | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110023881 | Thiessen | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110029910 | Thiessen | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110034863 | Hoffa | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110041849 | Chen et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110041850 | Vandine et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110061648 | Durtschi et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110071367 | Court et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110077549 | Kitai et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110100373 | Efrati et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110125052 | Davenport et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110126829 | Carter et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110126832 | Winter et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110126834 | Winter et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110126835 | Winter et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110126836 | Winter et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110126837 | Winter et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110128008 | Carter | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132361 | Sanchez | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132362 | Sanchez | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132363 | Chalvignac | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132364 | Ogilvie et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132365 | Patel et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132366 | Ogilvie et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132367 | Patel | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132368 | Sanchez et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132369 | Sanchez | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110132371 | Sanchez et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110133936 | Sanchez et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110138308 | Palmer et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110138309 | Skidmore et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110138311 | Palmer | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110138315 | Vandine et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110138323 | Skidmore et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110146681 | Jafari et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110146683 | Jafari et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110154241 | Skidmore et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110175728 | Baker, Jr. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110178427 | Tan et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110196251 | Jourdain et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110201956 | Alferness et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110209702 | Vuong et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110209704 | Jafari et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110209707 | Terhark | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110213215 | Doyle et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110220112 | Connor | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110226250 | LaBollita et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110230780 | Sanborn et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110249006 | Wallace et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110259330 | Jafari et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110259332 | Sanchez et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110259333 | Sanchez et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110265024 | Leone et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110271960 | Milne et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110273299 | Milne et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110284003 | Douglas et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110290246 | Zachar | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20110293706 | Ludwig et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20110313689 | Holley et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120000466 | Rapoport | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120000467 | Milne et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120000468 | Milne et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120000469 | Milne et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120000470 | Milne et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120006328 | Berthon-Jones | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120022441 | Kelly et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120029317 | Doyle et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120030611 | Skidmore | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120060835 | Mashak | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120060841 | Crawford, Jr. et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120065533 | Carrillo, Jr. et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120071729 | Doyle et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120083729 | Childers | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120090610 | O'Connor et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120090611 | Graboi et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120096381 | Milne et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120133519 | Milne et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120136222 | Doyle et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120137249 | Milne et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120137250 | Milne et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120139734 | Olde et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120150057 | Mantri | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120167885 | Masic et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120185792 | Kimm et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120197578 | Vig et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120197580 | Vij et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120211008 | Perine et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120215081 | Euliano et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120216809 | Milne et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120216810 | Jafari et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120216811 | Kimm et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120226444 | Milne et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120247471 | Masic et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
20120304997 | Jafari et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
19808543 | Nov 1998 | DE |
0425092 | May 1991 | EP |
1270036 | Jan 2003 | EP |
WO 9423780 | Oct 1994 | WO |
WO 9806449 | Feb 1998 | WO |
WO 0010634 | Mar 2000 | WO |
WO 0045880 | Aug 2000 | WO |
WO 0174430 | Oct 2001 | WO |
WO 0228460 | Apr 2002 | WO |
WO 03055552 | Jul 2003 | WO |
WO 2004000114 | Dec 2003 | WO |
WO 2004084980 | Oct 2004 | WO |
WO 2005105189 | Nov 2005 | WO |
WO 2006137784 | Dec 2006 | WO |
WO 2007145948 | Dec 2007 | WO |
WO 2009123981 | Oct 2009 | WO |
Entry |
---|
International Search Report in PCT/US10/26618 mailed on Jun. 22, 2010. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion in Application PCT/US2010/025485, mailed Feb. 27, 2009, 8 pgs. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion in Application PCT/2009/038810, mailed Jul. 6, 2009, 16 pgs. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion in Application PCT/2009/038815, mailed Jul. 1, 2009, 14 pgs. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion in Application PCT/US09/038811, mailed Jun. 7, 2009, 13 pgs. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion in Application PCT/US2009/038819, mailed Jun. 26, 2009, 12 pgs. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion in Application PCT/US2009/038820, mailed Jul. 22, 2009, 14 pgs. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion in Application PCT/US2009038818, mailed Jul. 14, 2009, 15 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/242,741, Office Action mailed Jan. 10, 2012, 7 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/242,756, Office Action mailed Jan. 10, 2012, 7 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/334,354, Notice of Allowance mailed Jan. 27, 2012, 7 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/242,741, Notice of Allowance mailed Jun. 5, 2012, 5 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/242,756, Notice of Allowance mailed Jun. 5, 2012, 5 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/408,408, Notice of Allowance mailed Jun. 4, 2012, 10 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/408,414, Office Action mailed Jun. 20, 2012, 9 pgs. |
Jafari, M. et al., “Robust Feedback Design for Proportional Assist Ventilation-System Dynamics and Problem Definition,” Decision and Control, 2005 and 2005 European Control Conference. CDC-E CC '05. 44TH IEEE Conference on Seville, Spain Dec. 12-15, 2005, pp. 4839-4844 (6 pages), XP010884460 DISBN: the whole document. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/238,248, Office Action mailed Oct. 15, 2012, 12 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/238,248, Office Action mailed May 14, 2012, 12 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/334,354, Notice of Allowance mailed Oct. 5, 2012, 5 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/395,332, Office Action mailed Sep. 13, 2012, 9 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 13/565,595, Notice of Allowance mailed Nov. 2, 2012, 12 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/242,756, Supplemental Notice of Allowability mailed Aug. 27, 2012, 2 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/242,741, Supplemental Notice of Allowability mailed Aug. 27, 2012, 2 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/408,414, Amendment and Response filed Sep. 5, 2012, 7 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/395,332, Notice of Allowance mailed Dec. 24, 2012, 8 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/408,414, Notice of Allowance mailed Dec. 10, 2012, 10 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 12/238,248, Advisory Action mailed Jan. 4, 2013, 3 pgs. |
U.S. Appl. No. 13/565,595, Notice of Allowance mailed Feb. 25, 2013, 8 pgs. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20090241962 A1 | Oct 2009 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61041070 | Mar 2008 | US |