1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electronic systems and methods for providing electrical power to one or more electronic devices with a power delivery surface.
2. Description of the Related Art
A variety of electronic devices, such as toys, game devices, cell phones, laptop computers, cameras and personal digital assistants, have been developed along with ways for powering them. Mobile electronic devices typically include a battery which is rechargeable by connecting it through a power cord unit to a power source, such as an electrical outlet. A non-mobile electronic device is generally one that is powered through a power cord unit and is not intended to be moved during use.
In a typical set-up for a mobile device, the power cord unit includes an outlet connector for connecting it to the power source and a battery connector for connecting it to a corresponding battery power receptacle of the battery. The outlet and battery connectors are in communication with each other so electrical signals flow between them. In this way, the power source charges the battery through the power cord unit.
In some setups, the power cord unit also includes a power adapter connected to the outlet and battery connectors through AC input and DC output cords, respectively. The power adapter adapts an AC input signal received from the power source through the outlet connector and AC input cord and outputs a DC output signal to the DC output cord. The DC output signal flows through the battery power receptacle and is used to charge the battery.
Manufacturers, however, generally make their own model of electronic device and do not make their power cord unit compatible with the electronic devices of other manufacturers, or with other types of electronic devices. As a result, a battery connector made by one manufacturer will typically not fit into the battery power receptacle made by another manufacturer. Further, a battery connector made for one type of device typically will not fit into the battery power receptacle made for another type of device. Manufacturers do this for several reasons, such as cost, liability concerns, different power requirements, and to acquire a larger market share.
This may be troublesome for the consumer because he or she has to buy a compatible power cord unit for their particular electronic device. Since people tend to switch devices often, it is inconvenient and expensive for them to also have to switch power cord units. Further, power cord units that are no longer useful are often discarded which leads to waste. Also, people generally own a number of different types of electronic devices and owning a power cord unit for each one is inconvenient because the consumer must deal with a large quantity of power cord units and the tangle of power cords the situation creates.
An embodiment employs an electronic system which includes a power delivery surface that delivers electrical power to an electrical or electronic device. The power delivery surface may be powered by any electrical power source, including, but not limited to: wall electrical outlet, solar power system, battery, vehicle cigarette lighter system, direct connection to electrical generator device, and any other electrical power source. The power delivery surface delivers power to the electronic device wirelessly. The power delivery surface may deliver power via a plurality of contacts on the electrical device conducting electricity from the power delivery surface, conductively coupling the electronic device to the power delivery surface, inductively coupling the electronic device to the power delivery surface, optically coupling the electronic device to the power delivery surface, and acoustically coupling the electronic device to the power delivery surface as well as any other electrical power delivery technology.
One embodiment may include a device comprising a battery having a plurality of contacts connected thereto. The contacts are arranged so that when the battery is carried by a power delivery support structure, at least two contacts in the plurality of contacts have a potential difference between them which charges the battery. For various embodiments, the battery may include a power adapter circuit. The power adapter circuit receives the potential difference and outputs a desired potential difference which is used to charge the battery. For some embodiments, the system may also include a battery charger having a housing that defines a battery compartment and carries a pair of charger contacts therein. The battery compartment is sized and shaped to receive the battery.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the invention will become better understood with reference to the following drawings, description, and claims.
a is a partial side view of the electronic device of
b is a side view of the power delivery system of
c is a side view of the power delivery system of
a is a block diagram of the power adapter circuit of
b is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a rectifier circuit included in the power adapter circuit of
a, 5b, and 5c are perspective views of various ways to provide power to power delivery systems, in accordance with the invention.
a, 6b, and 6c are top views of a solar power delivery system with a power delivery system, in accordance with the invention, in deployed, partially deployed, and stowed positions, respectively.
a and 9b are perspective views of an electronic device, embodied as a laptop computer, with a power connector, in accordance with the invention.
c and 9d are side and top views, respectively, of the power connector of
a is a perspective view of a power delivery system, in accordance with the invention, having a power connector operatively coupled with a power delivery support structure.
b shows a more detailed perspective view of the power connector of
c is a cut-away side view of the power connector of
d is a perspective view of a power delivery system, in accordance with the invention, with a power connector connected to a power source through a power cord unit.
a and 11b are top and bottom perspective views of a battery charger, in accordance with the invention.
c and 11d are top and bottom perspective views of an electronic device, embodied as a battery, in accordance with the invention, for use with the battery charger of
e and 11f are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of the battery of
a and 12b are top and bottom perspective views of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a battery charger.
a and 13b are top and bottom perspective views of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a battery charger.
a is a perspective view of a power delivery system, in accordance with the invention, having a power delivery support structure and an electronic device embodied as a cup carried by a cup holder.
b and 16c are sectional side views of the cup and cup holder of
a and 18b are perspective views of electronic devices, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a scanner and printer, respectively, having a power delivery support structure.
a and 19b are perspective views of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a laptop computer having a power delivery support structure.
a and 21b are perspective views of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a laptop computer having a tray which carries a power delivery support structure, in accordance with the invention.
a, 23b and 23c are perspective views of furniture, embodied as a couch, table and desk, respectively, having a power delivery support structure, in accordance with the invention.
a, 24b, 24c and 24d are perspective views of appliances, embodied as a digital clock, microwave oven, refrigerator and tool box, respectively, each including a power delivery support structure, in accordance with the invention.
a is a perspective view of the interior of a motor vehicle, embodied as car, having a power delivery support structure, in accordance with the invention.
b is a perspective view of a vehicle, embodied as an airplane, which includes airplane seating having a power delivery support structure, in accordance with the invention.
a, 28b, and 28c are perspective views of folded power delivery surfaces.
a and 29b show perspective views of interlocking mechanisms to attach adjacent power delivery surfaces.
c shows a schematic view of the placement of multiple interconnecting power delivery surfaces with the appropriate sides marked for proper mechanical attachment.
d shows a schematic view of the placement of multiple interconnecting power delivery surfaces with the appropriate corners marked for proper electrical attachment.
e shows a perspective view of the electrical attachment at the corner of multiple attached power delivery surfaces.
a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, and 31f are perspective drawings of apparatuses providing functional and aesthetic illumination for a power delivery surface.
a is a schematic drawing of a power delivery surface broken down into several independent sections.
b and 32c are schematic block diagrams of power delivery and protection circuits for a power delivery surface broken down into several independent sections.
a is a schematic block diagram of a device that has a battery with an integrated power receiver.
b and 33c are perspective drawings of a battery and a host device.
d is a schematic block diagram of a device that has a battery with an integrated power receiver and regulator.
e is a schematic block diagram of a device that has a battery with an integrated power receiver, regulator, and charging regulator.
f is a schematic block diagram of a device that has a fully integrated battery.
a, 40b, and 40c are Voltage/Current (V/I) characteristic graphs for the circuit of
a and 56b are circuit diagrams for certain desired loads.
a is a partial side view of electronic device 112. In accordance with the invention, device 112 includes and carries a power adapter circuit 130. As discussed in more detail below, a power delivery signal SPDS is provided to circuit 130, when signal SPower is provided to structure 111, in response to device 112 being operatively coupled to power delivery support structure 111. It should be noted that the power in signal SPDS is from the power in signal SPower. When device 112 is operatively coupled to support structure 111, circuit 130 receives signal SPDS and adapts it to a desired power signal, denoted as signal SDevice. Signal SDevice corresponds to a desired amount of power that is compatible with device 112 and is used to operate it. As discussed in more detail below, the desired amount of power depends on many different factors, such as the type of electronic device and the manufacturer. In this way, electronic device 112 is powered by support structure 111.
b is a side view of a power delivery system 100′, wherein signal SPDS is provided to circuit 130 by magnetically coupling device 112 to power delivery structure 111. In this embodiment, electronic device 112 includes and carries a magnetic element 300, which is in communication with power adapter circuit 130. Element 300 can be of many different types, but it is an inductor in this example. Magnetic element 300 provides a magnetically induced current flow in response to being coupled with a changing magnetic field B. Changing magnetic field B is provided by support structure 111 through power delivery surface 111a in response to signal SPower. In the embodiment shown, the magnetic field B expands and contracts such that the loops of electrical conductors in the inductor element 300 induce an electric current due to the changing magnetic field B. The magnetically induced current flow is provided by element 300 to power adapter circuit 130 as signal SPDS. In this way, electronic device 112 and power delivery support structure 111 are operatively coupled together through a magnetic element and surface 111a operates as a power delivery surface wherein the power is provided with a changing magnetic field. It should be noted that electronic device 112 and power delivery support structure 111 can be operatively coupled together in many other ways, with one being discussed with
It should also be noted that magnetic field B can have many different orientations and is shown as being parallel to surface 111a for simplicity. The desired orientation of magnetic field B generally depends on the orientation of element 300. Further, the magnetically induced current may flow through magnetic element 300 when device 112 is engaged with power delivery support structure 111 or when it is away from it, as shown
In this embodiment, adapter circuit 130 outputs signal SDevice to a power system 131 included in device 112. Power system 131 may be a rechargeable battery or other storage element, or power system 131 may be the power conditioning circuitry of a device 112. Circuit 130 includes contacts 133a and 133b which are connected to contacts 139a and 139b, respectively, of power system 131 so signal SDevice can flow between them. Power system 131 provides power to the electronics included in device 112, such as its display and control circuitry. These electronics are discussed further with
Electronic device 112 can be powered in many different ways by power delivery support structure 111. For example, in some situations, signal SDevice provides charge to a battery included in power system 131, which is often the case for mobile devices. However, in other situations, signal SDevice powers the electronics in device 112 directly. One example of directly powering a device is a laptop computer, which may be operated if power is provided to it by support structure 111 after its battery has been removed. A direct connection may also be advantageous for various reasons such as that the device circuitry may recognize the application of power and indicate it on a display, or in some cases, the device may have built in charging circuitry or other features that would be advantageous to energize directly. For example, a cell phone may contain on-board charging circuitry and a display icon that indicates to the user the state of the battery and the status of charging that would be powered by a direct connection. In some cases it is desirable that signal SDevice is applied to the same input circuitry as the standard power adapter supplied by the manufacturer in order to reduce the complexity of the device's 112 input circuitry, or to provide the signal SDevice into the standard input connector of the device 112 thereby avoiding invasive modifications.
c is a side view of a power delivery system 100″, wherein signal SPDS is provided to circuit 130 by electrically coupling device 112 to power delivery structure 111. In this embodiment, support structure 111 includes pads 140a and 140b which define a portion of power delivery surface 111a and electronic device 112 includes and carries contacts 120. Here, there are five contacts in contacts 120, but only two are shown for simplicity and are denoted as contacts 120a and 120b. It should be noted, however, that contacts 120 may include more or less than five contacts, but there are generally two or more contacts.
In operation, the power source flows signal SPower to support structure 111 through power cord unit 113′ and a potential difference is provided between pads 140a and 140b in response. As discussed in more detail below, contacts 120 are arranged so that when device 112 is carried by structure 111, two contacts in contacts 120 have a potential difference between them because one engages pad 140a and the other engages pad 140b. In this example, contacts 120a and 120b engage pads 140a and 140b, respectively. In response, the potential difference between pads 140a and 140b is provided to power adapter circuit 130 through contacts 120a and 120b as signal SPDS. Hence, signal SPDS is provided to power adapter circuit 130 in response to device 112 being carried by support structure 111. Circuit 130 receives signal SPDS and adapts it to correspond to the desired power signal SDevice, which is provided to system 131. In this way, electronic device 112 and power delivery support structure 111 are operatively coupled together through contacts.
It should be noted that the embodiments of electronic devices and power delivery support structures discussed below are operatively coupled together through contacts for illustrative purposes. However, these embodiments can be modified so the electronic devices and power delivery support structures are operatively coupled together through a magnetic induction element, as discussed with respect to
In accordance with the invention, contacts 120 are arranged so signal SPDS is provided to adapter circuit 130 independently of the orientation of device 112 relative to power delivery surface 111a. These contact arrangements are discussed in more detail in the above co-pending application. Briefly, signal SPDS is provided to power adapter circuit 130 for all angles φ (
Power adapter circuit 130 is carried by device 112 for many different reasons. One reason is the desirability to power multiple electronic devices, as discussed with
In other situations the electronic devices are different types of devices (i.e. a cell phone and laptop computer). Different types of devices generally operate within different power ranges, although they can be the same or overlapping ranges in some examples. The different types of devices can be made by the same or different manufacturers. Hence, power adapter circuit 130 for each electronic device can be designed so power delivery system 100 provides power to many different types of electronic devices.
For example, contacts 120 can engage surface 111a without the need to align them with it, so at least two contacts are at different potentials. The arrangement of contacts 120 is also useful when powering multiple electronic devices because they can be positioned in many more different ways on surface 111a. This allows surface 111a to be used more efficiently so more devices can be powered together by structure 111. This is useful in situations where there are not enough power sources available to power the multiple electronic devices individually.
In general, structure 111 can power more electronic devices when the area of surface 111a increases and fewer when the area decreases. In this embodiment, the area of surface 111a is length L multiplied by width W since it is rectangular in shape. Hence, structure 111 can power more electronic devices when length L and/or width W are increased and fewer when length L and/or width W are decreased. The number of electronic devices that structure 111 can carry also depends on their size. For example, cell phones are typically smaller than laptop computers so, for a given area of surface 111a, more cell phones can be carried by it than laptop computers.
Devices 401, 402 and 403 are arbitrarily positioned on surface 111a at different angles φ. As discussed above, the contacts for devices 401, 402 and 403 are arranged so that devices 401, 402 and 403 can be rotated by angle φ while still being operatively coupled to power delivery support structure 111. Hence, devices 401, 402 and 403 can be rotated as indicated by direction arrows 411, 412 and 413, respectively. It should be noted that devices 401, 402 and 403 can also be rotated in directions opposite direction arrows 411, 412 and 413, respectively, while still being operatively coupled to power delivery support structure 111.
In operation, signal SPDS is provided to the power adapter circuit of each device 401, 402 and 403 when they are operatively coupled to power delivery support structure 111. The power adapter circuit for each device 401, 402 and 403 receives signal SPDS and provides signals SDevice1, SDevice2 and SDevice3, in response. Signals SDevice1, SDevice2 and SDevice3 correspond to a desired amount of power to operate devices 401, 402 and 403, respectively. Signal SDevice1 is generally within a different power range than signals SDevice2 and SDevice3 because device 401 is embodied as a laptop and devices 402 and 403 are embodied as cell phones. Hence, device 401 is a different type of device than devices 402 and 403. Signals SDevice1 and SDevice2 can be in the same power range or they can be different since devices 402 and 403 are embodied as cell phones made by different manufacturers. In this way, power delivery system 100 can power multiple electronic devices of the same or different types.
a is a block diagram of power adapter circuit 130, in accordance with the invention. Power adapter circuit 130 can have many different configurations. In one embodiment considered to be more basic the power adapter circuit used for receiving power in an electrically conductive wireless power transfer system would consist of a rectifier circuit. The output of the rectifier circuit constitutes the signal SDevice. This may be applicable to a device tolerant of an unregulated or intermittent input voltage such as a heated coffee cup. In another embodiment, the circuit would contain a further energy storage element such as a capacitor to filter the signal SDevice. A slightly less basic circuit might further contain a diode and resistor to provide a means of enabling automatic detection of the presence of the device to the circuitry of the power delivery surface. In devices that require a specific input voltage, circuit 130 may contain a rectifier, storage element, and a voltage regulator to generate a well defined signal SDevice to the device. In some applications, it may be desirable to provide a signal SDevice that directly charges a battery or other storage element in the device. For this case, circuit 130 would contain a rectifier, storage element, and a battery charging circuit.
b is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a rectifier circuit included in power adapter circuit 130. In this embodiment, circuit 130a includes contact 120a connected to an n-type side of a diode 132a and a p-type side of a diode 132b, contact 120b connected to an n-type side of a diode 132c and a p-type side of a diode 132d, contact 120c connected to an n-type side of a diode 132e and a p-type side of a diode 132f, and contact 120d connected to an n-type side of a diode 132g and a p-type side of a diode 132h. Diodes 132a, 132c, 132e and 132g each have corresponding p-type sides connected to conductive contact 133b and diodes 132b, 132d, 132f and 132h each have corresponding n-type sides connected to conductive contact 133a.
In this embodiment, circuit 130a receives the potential difference from surface 411a through contacts 120 and, in response, flows signal SPower between conductive contacts 133a and 133b. As mentioned above, contacts 120 are arranged so there is a potential difference between at least two of them when they engage surface 111a. Circuit 130a provides the potential difference between any contacts in contacts 120 to conductive contacts 133a and 133b. The potential difference between contacts 133a and 133b is then provided to battery 260 through contacts 139a and 139b as signal VPower. In this way, signal VPower is used as a source of power for power system 131.
a, 5b, and 5c are perspective views of power delivery systems 103, 104 and 105, respectively, in accordance with the invention. Systems 103, 104 and 105 illustrate different ways that a power signal, such as signal SPower, can be provided to power delivery support structure 111.
In
In operation, light incident to solar panel 221 causes the power signal to flow through power cord unit 113. The power signal is adapted by power adapter 122 so it is compatible with power delivery support structure 111. The power signal is then provided to an electronic device (not shown) when it is operatively coupled to power delivery support structure 111, as discussed above.
In
In
a, 6b, and 6c are top views of a solar power delivery system 170, in accordance with the invention, in deployed, partially deployed, and stowed positions, respectively. In this embodiment, system 170 includes power delivery system 100 connected to a solar power system 171. Solar power system 171 can have many different configurations. In this embodiment, it includes a plurality of solar panels, denoted as panels 171a, 171b, 171c, 171d, 171e, 171f, 171g, 171h, and 171g, which are operatively connected together. In
System 170 is repeatedly moveable between deployed and stowed positions. System 170 can be moved between its deployed and stowed positions in many different ways. In one example, solar panel 171e is folded towards panel 171a to cover it. Panels 171a and 171e are then folded towards system 100 so they cover it. Solar panel 171f is folded towards panel 171b to cover it. Panels 171b and 171f are then folded towards system 100 so they cover it, as well as panels 171a and 171e. Solar panel 171g is folded towards panel 171c to cover it. Panels 171c and 171g are then folded towards system 100 to cover it, as well as panels 171a, 171b, 171e, and 171f. Solar panel 171h is folded towards panel 171d to cover it, as shown in
For example, contacts 125a and/or 125b can engage surface 111a so power flows to laptop 125. In this way, laptop 125 can be arranged in many more different ways relative to power delivery support structure 111. Further, if contacts 125a and 125b engage surface 111a, the current flow is shared between them. In this way, less current flows through any one set of contacts, which reduces the current that flows through its corresponding power adapter circuit. If less current flows through the power adapter circuit, its lifetime increases because there is less heating and it is less likely to be damaged.
a and 9b are perspective views of an electronic device, embodied as a laptop computer 125′, with a power connector 126, in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, power connector 126 includes and carries contacts 120 extending from its surface 126a, as shown in a bottom view of connector 126 in
d is a side view of connector 126 in its engaged position with surface 111a. In this embodiment, connector 126 is rotatable relative to power receptacle 129, as indicated by the movement arrow, so contacts 120 can be rotatably moved between engaged and disengaged positions relative to power delivery surface 111a. In the engaged position, contacts 120 engage power delivery surface 111a and power is provided to laptop 125 through power receptacle 129. In the disengaged position, contacts 120 are away from surface 111a so power is not provided through them to laptop 125. In this way, connector 126 allows laptop computer 125′ to be operatively coupled with power delivery structure 111. It should be noted that in other embodiments, connector 126 is not rotatable relative to power receptacle 129. In these non-rotatable embodiments, connector 126 can be fixedly attached to power receptacle 129 or it can be repeatably removable therefrom.
a is a perspective view of a power delivery system 101, in accordance with the invention. System 101 is similar to system 100 and includes power delivery support structure 111 as described in more detail above. One difference, however, is that electronic device 112 is operatively coupled to support structure 111, but it is not carried by it. Instead, system 101 includes an electronic device, embodied as a power connector 116, which is carried by structure 111.
b shows a more detailed perspective view of one embodiment of power connector 116 when it is disengaged from surface 111a. As shown, connector 116 includes a power adapter housing 117 and contacts 120 which extend from its surface 116a. Connector 116 also includes power adapter circuit 130 (not shown) in communication with contacts 120 as described above. Circuit 130 is in communication with electronic device 112 through a power cord 114. It should be noted that in other embodiments, power connector 126 can include magnetic element 300 so that connector 116 is responsive to magnetic field B. Similarly, optical, acoustic, microwave, capacitive, etc. power delivery may also be utilized.
In this embodiment, cord 114 includes a strain relief portion 114a which allows cord 114 to move with more flexibility relative to connector 116. This reduces the likelihood of connector 116 being undesirably moving relative to surface 111a. It should be noted, however, that strain relief portion 114a is included here for illustrative purposes only.
c is a cut-away side view of power connector 116. In this embodiment, connector 116 includes a weight 118 which holds it to power delivery support structure 111 so better electrical contact is made between surface 111a and contacts 120. In one example, weight 118 is magnetic and power delivery support structure 111 includes a magnetic material, as discussed with
In operation, contacts 120 engage power delivery surface 111a when power connector 116 is carried by power delivery support structure 111. In response, circuit 130 receives signal SPDS and provides signal SDevice to electronic device 112 through unit 114. Hence, power connector 116 is operatively coupled with power delivery support structure 111 through contacts 120. Further, electronic device 112 is operatively coupled with power delivery support structure 111 through power connector 116. In this way, electronic device 112 is operatively coupled with power delivery support structure 111 when it is not carried by it.
d is a perspective view of a power delivery system 102, in accordance with the invention. System 102 is similar to system 101 described above and includes power connector 116. One difference, however, is that power connector 116 is connected to a power source (not shown) through power cord unit 113. Contacts 120 engage surface 111a so connector 116 is operatively coupled with power delivery support structure 111.
In operation, the power source provides power to power adapter 122 through cord 113b. Power adapter 122 adapts the power to a compatible power level and flows it to power connector 116 through cord 113a. Power connector 116 receives the power and flows it to power delivery support structure 111 through power adapter circuit 130 and contacts 120. The power is flowed to structure 111 when contacts 120 engage power delivery surface 111a. This power is then provided to electronic device 112 when it is operatively coupled with support structure 111 as described in more detail above. In this case, circuit 130 is used to deliver power to the pad which otherwise is not energized. In this case, circuit 130 contains sensing circuitry to identify which of its contacts connect to the various electrodes of the power delivery surface. Further circuitry connects the appropriate contacts to a driver circuit within circuit 130 that appropriately energizes the electrodes of the power delivery surface 111a. In this way, a passive set of electrodes comprising an inoperable power delivery surface, is energized to become a fully functional power delivery surface by the device of this invention with the circuit 130. One such purpose of this arrangement may be in cases where it is economical to furnish tables and other surfaces with power delivery electrodes that can later be enabled by an active driver placed on its surface.
For an embodiment that charges batteries, there a typically three types of chargers: 1) a battery charges itself by being placed on a the power delivery surface; 2) a charger that is really just a charge controller that uses the battery to get power from the pad, and then controls the charging of the battery; and 3) a charger that has a power receiver and charge controller and charges dumb, non-pad-enabled batteries such as AA and AAA batteries. For the first case, the battery contains all of the charging intelligence and power reception. In this case, you could just set the battery down on the surface and it would recharge by itself. For the second case, the battery has the power receiver integrated, but does not contain the circuitry to control its own charge (i.e., circuit 130). The battery simply brings the power receiver outputs to terminals on itself that bring the received power into the host device. In this case, there may be a battery charger that contains the battery charging circuit and uses the battery to obtain power from the surface. For the third case, the battery has an integrated power receiver and circuit 130 to generate signal SDevice, but not the battery charging intelligence. In this case, a battery charger would use the battery to obtain power from the surface, much like case 2 discussed above.
a and 11b are top and bottom perspective views of a battery charger 200, in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, battery charger 200 includes contacts 205a and 205b positioned in a battery compartment 204. Contacts 205a and 205b are connected to a power meter 201 which provides an indication of the charging status of battery 206. In this example, battery charger 200 includes lights 203 which indicate when battery 206 is charged. For example, lights 203 can emit red light indicating that battery 206 has a low charge and green light indicating that battery 206 needs to be charged. It should be noted that power meter 201 and lights 203 are optional components, but are shown here for illustrative purposes.
c and 11d are top and bottom perspective views of an electronic device, embodied as a battery 206, in accordance with the invention. Battery 206 is sized and shaped to be received by battery compartment 204 of charger 200. Battery 206 can be charged when it is operatively coupled to power delivery support structure 111. Battery 206 can be of many different types and can be used to power many different electronic devices. In this example, battery 206 is a rechargeable cell phone battery used to power a cell phone.
In this embodiment, battery 206 includes power adapter circuit 130 (
In operation, battery 206 is positioned in compartment 204 so contacts 139a and 139b engage contacts 205a and 205b, respectively, and power meter 201 provides an indication of the charging status of battery 206 in response. Battery charger 200 is positioned on power delivery support structure 111 so contacts 120 engage surface 111a, as described above, and power flows from surface 111a through contacts 120 and contacts 139a and 139b. In this way, battery charger 200 is used to charge battery 206 using power delivery surface 111a.
e and 11f are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of battery 206 with casing 195′ partially unfolded. In this embodiment, battery 206 includes and carries a circuit 130 which is in communication with contacts 120 and operates as a bridge rectifier. Circuit 130 is connected to contacts 139a and 139b through conductive lines 133a and 133b, respectively. Contacts 120 are arranged so there is a potential difference between at least two of them when they engage power delivery surface 111a. Contacts 120 are also arranged so the potential difference is provided to power adapter circuit 130 independently of the orientation of device 112 on surface 111a. In this way, power delivery surface 111a provides the potential difference to circuit 130 through electrical contacts 120 when contacts 120 engage it.
a and 12b are top and bottom perspective views of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a battery charger 210 which charges batteries 212. In this embodiment, battery charger 210 includes a housing 211 with a plurality of openings for receiving batteries 212. Contacts 120 are carried by battery charger 210 and extend through a surface 210b of housing 211. Battery charger 210 also carries power adapter circuit 130 in communication with contacts 120, but it is not shown for simplicity. The batteries 212 may be any type of battery, but are shown here as cell phone batteries.
In operation, batteries 212 are inserted into corresponding openings so their contacts are in communication with contacts 120 through circuit 130. Battery charger 210 is positioned on power delivery support structure 111 so contacts 120 engage power delivery surface 111a and signal SPDS flows through them to circuit 130. In response, circuit 130 provides signal SDevice which is used to charge batteries 212.
a and 13b are top and bottom perspective views of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a battery charger 215 which charges batteries 217. Batteries 217 are conventional batteries and can be of various sizes, such as A, AA, AAA, etc. Charger 215 includes a housing 216 with a plurality of battery compartments sized and shaped to receive batteries 217. Terminals (not shown) are positioned within each battery compartment to engage corresponding terminals on a battery. The terminals are connected to contacts 120 through power adapter circuit 130 (not shown) and extend through surface 216b of housing 216.
In operation, batteries 217 are inserted into corresponding openings so they are in communication with contacts 120 through circuit 130. Battery charger 215 is positioned on power delivery support structure 111 so contacts 120 engage power delivery surface 111a and signal SPDS flows through them to circuit 130. In response, circuit 130 provides signal SPower which is used to charge batteries 217.
The magnetic coupling is useful in several different situations. For example, power delivery support structure 111 can be attached to a vertical wall, such as the front of a refrigerator, and device 112 can be magnetically coupled thereto. One such embodiment is discussed with
In this embodiment, electronic device 112 includes friction members 119c and 119d positioned on surface 112a. Friction members 119c and 119d engage surface 111a to increase the amount of friction between device 112 and power delivery support structure 111. In this way, device 112 is less likely to slide relative to surface 111a. Members 119a and 119b can include many different materials, such as rubber and plastic, which provide a desired amount of friction with power delivery surface 111a.
In operation, power tool 187 is operatively coupled to power adapter 188 so its battery (not show) is in communication with contacts 120 through power adapter circuit 130. Contacts 120 are engaged with power delivery surface 111a (
a is a perspective view of a power delivery system 360, in accordance with the invention, wherein the electronic device is embodied as a cup 361 carried by a cup holder 362. Cup 361 and cup holder 362 are carried by power delivery structure 111, as described in more detail below.
In this embodiment, sleeve 362 includes a sidewall 371 with a central space 373 for receiving cup 361. Sleeve 362 also has an annular flange 370 positioned to provide sleeve 362 with more support when it is carried by power delivery support structure 111. It should be noted that flange 365 is optional and can be molded into sleeve sidewall 364 or it can be a separate piece. It should also be noted that cup holder 362 is also optional and that cup 361 can be configured to operate without it in accordance with the invention.
Cup 361 can be of many different types. In this embodiment, cup 361 includes an inner wall 366 and an outer wall 367 which enclose an inner space 368. Cup 361 has an opening 375 which extends into space 369 for holding a beverage, such as coffee and tea. Cup 361 also includes an annular flange 372 which extends around the outer periphery of opening 375. Cup 362 can be of many different types and generally includes a material, such as metal, plastic and ceramic, that can withstand a wide range of temperatures. The temperature range includes those generally used for beverages.
In accordance with the invention, cup 361 includes contacts 120 which extend through its surface 361a away from opening 375. Further, cup 361 includes power adapter circuit 130 positioned in inner space 368 so it is in communication with contacts 120, as described above. Cup 361 also includes a temperature controller 374 in communication with power adapter circuit 130. Controller 374 can be positioned at many different locations, but here it is on inner wall 366 in space 369. In this way, controller 374 can control the temperature of inner wall 366 and the beverage in space 369. Temperature controller 374 can be of many different types, such as a thermoelectric heater or cooler, which provides a desired temperature in response to a signal from power adapter circuit 130.
In operation, signal SPDS flows to power adapter circuit 130 when cup 361 is carried by power delivery support structure 111 and contacts 120 engage surface 111a. Power adapter circuit 130 provides signal SPower to temperature controller 374 in response to receiving signal SPDS. In this way, temperature controller 374 is powered by power delivery support structure 111 and controls the temperature of cup 362.
In one mode of operation, temperature controller 374 operates as a heater so it drives the temperature of the beverage to a desired high temperature. In another mode of operation, temperature controller 374 operates as a cooler so it drives the temperature of the beverage to a desired low temperature. It should be noted that a high temperature is generally one that is higher than room temperature and a low temperature is one that is lower than room temperature. In some examples, controller 374 can operate as both a heater and cooler so it can drive the temperature of the beverage to a desired high or low temperature. In this way, the temperature of the beverage in space 369 is controlled.
In this embodiment, cup 361 includes a handle 363 which extends through a slot 364 of holder 362 when cup 362 is engaged with holder 362. Handle 363 moves through slot 364 relative to holder 362 when cup 362 is moved away from power delivery surface 111a. It should be noted that handle 363 and slot 364 are optional components and are shown for illustrative purposes. Cup 361 is repeatedly moveable between engaged (
Cup 361 and sleeve 362 can be moved relative to each other in many different ways. Here, when cup 361 is lifted by handle 363, sleeve 362 slides upwards and catches flange 372 and cup 361 is moved away from surface 111a in response. When cup 361 is engaged with surface 111a, sleeve 362 slides down until it engages surface 111a.
The positioning of cup 361 relative to sleeve 362 when in the engaged position can be adjusted to adjust the engagement force between contacts 120 engage surface 111a. As the engagement force between contacts 120 and surface 111a increases, the contact resistance between them decreases. Further, as the engagement force between contacts 120 and surface 111a decreases, the contact resistance between them increases.
The power delivery system can also be used with many different apparatuses. For example, as shown in
a and 18b are perspective views of electronic devices, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a scanner 155 and printer 156, respectively. In this embodiment, scanner 155 includes power delivery support structure 111 so surface 111a defines a portion of its upper surface 155a and printer 156 includes power delivery support structure 111 positioned so surface 111a defines a portion of its upper surface 156a. Power to power delivery surface 111a can be provided by the power system of scanner 155 or printer 156, or from a separate power cord unit (not shown).
a is a perspective view of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a laptop computer 135. In this embodiment, laptop 135 includes power delivery support structure 111 positioned so surface 111a defines a portion of an outer surface 127a of laptop housing 127. In some examples, the power system of laptop 135 provides power delivery surface 111a with power. In other examples, the power is provided to surface 111a independently of the power system of laptop 135. For example, a separate power cord unit can extend from laptop 135 and connect power delivery surface 111a to an electrical outlet.
b is a perspective view of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a laptop computer 136. In this embodiment, laptop 136 includes a display 137 and a keyboard 138 which extend through an inner surface 127b of housing 127. Laptop 136 also includes power delivery support structure 111 positioned so surface 111a defines a portion of surface 127b. Surface 111a can be provided with power in a manner the same or similar to that discussed above with laptop 135.
Tray 140 can be moved between its stowed and deployed positions in many different ways. In one example, it is held by rails so it can slide towards and away from housing 127. In another example, it is attached to a tongue which engages a groove carried by housing 127. In some examples, tray 140 can include a handle so it can be pulled from its stowed position to its deployed position.
a and 21b are perspective views of an electronic device, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a laptop computer 145. In this embodiment, computer 145 includes a tray 148 which is moveable, as indicated by the movement arrow, between a stowed position (
In this embodiment, power delivery support structure 111 is carried by tray 148 and is moveable therewith. Power delivery surface 111a can obtain its power from the battery or power system of laptop 145. When needed, tray 148 is deployed to expose surface 111a so an electronic device can be carried thereon. When not needed, tray 148 is stowed and door 146 is latched to housing 127 so it is held in the stowed position. Tray 148 is designed to support the weight of electronic device 112.
In some examples, an existing computer component, such as a CDROM drive or a DVD player is already installed in laptop 145. In accordance with the invention, this already installed component can be removed from laptop 145 and replaced with tray 148. In other embodiments, tray 148 can be a built in feature with laptop 145. In still other embodiments, the tray of an already existing CDROM drive or a DVD player is modified so it carries power delivery surface 111a. In this way, it can be used to play a CD or DVD and to power an electronic device.
Power connector 152 may be of many different types, such as those normally used to connect a laptop to a power source. In some embodiments, power delivery surface 111a may operate as a mouse pad which provides power to a computer mouse. In other examples, surface 111a may operate as a touch pad for providing information to a computer.
In accordance with the invention, a plurality of separate power delivery systems are positioned at the same or different locations to provide a wire-free recharging infrastructure. A “wire-free” recharging infrastructure is one that does not require power cord units connected between the power source and electronic device being charged. With this infrastructure, a user of an electronic device is able to recharge and operate the electronic device wire-free and without the need to carry a battery charger. The power delivery surface 111a may still require a power cord, but the individual electronic devices do not require power cords, and are therefore wire-free.
If enough power delivery systems are provided, a user is more likely to be able to use one. In some situations, the power delivery system is provided as a convenience to the user by the business hosting the wire-free infrastructure and, in other situations, the user is charged by the business.
The infrastructure can be provided in a discrete fashion by integrating it with various structures. For example, it can be integrated with a sofa, table and desk, as discussed with
a is a perspective view of a piece of furniture, in accordance with the invention, embodied as a couch 180 having power delivery support structure 111. In this embodiment, power delivery support structure 111 is carried on an arm 181 of couch 180. However, power delivery support structure 111 can be positioned at many other different locations on couch 180. In this embodiment, power delivery support structure 111 can be used to charge a remote control device for a television and the other electronic devices discussed above. The power cable which provides power to power delivery support structure 111 extends from an electrical wall outlet (not shown) through couch 180 and to power delivery surface 111a so it is hidden from view.
b is a perspective view of a fixture, embodied as a table 182, with a power delivery support structure 111, in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, power delivery support structure 111 is carried on an upper surface 182a of table 182. However, power delivery support structure 111 can be positioned at many other different locations on table 182, such as on a lower surface 182b. The power cable which provides power to power delivery surface 111a extends from an electrical wall outlet (not shown) and to power delivery surface 111a. It should be noted that lamp 182a can be powered by a power cable connected to the wall outlet or it can be powered by a power delivery support structure 111 (not shown). In this way, the power cable is hidden from view so the fixture is more aesthetically pleasing.
c is a perspective view of a fixture, embodied as a desk 183, with power delivery support structure 111, in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, power delivery surface 111a is carried on a side 183c of desk 183. However, power delivery surface 111a can be positioned at many other different locations on desk 183, such as an upper surface 183a and a lower surface 183b. Power delivery surface 111a is powered by a power cord unit connected from a wall outlet (not shown) and power delivery surface 111a. The power cord unit is hidden from view to make desk 183 more aesthetically pleasing. In some embodiments, power delivery surface 111a is held to desk 183 by an adhesive or a magnetic force, as discussed with
a is a perspective view of an appliance, embodied as a digital clock 184, with power delivery support structure 111, in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, power delivery support structure 111 is carried on an upper surface 184a of clock 184. However, power delivery support structure 111 can be carried at many other different locations on clock 184, such as a side surface 184b. In some embodiments, clock 184 can be powered by a power delivery support structure (not shown) or it can be powered by a power cord unit.
b is a perspective view of an appliance, embodied as a microwave oven 185, with power delivery support structure 111, in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, power delivery support structure 111 is positioned on an upper surface 185a of oven 185. However, power delivery support structure 111 can be positioned at many other different locations on oven 185, such as a side surface 185b.
c is a perspective view of an appliance, embodied as a refrigerator 186, with a power delivery surface in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, power delivery support structure 111 is positioned on a front side surface 186ca of refrigerator 186. However, power delivery support structure 111 can be positioned at many other different locations on refrigerator 186, such as a side surface 186b and an upper surface 186a.
d is a perspective view of a tool box 190 with a power delivery surface, in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, tool box 190 includes a lid 191 which carries a solar power system 189. Power delivery support structure 111 is carried on a surface 190a which can be enclosed by lid 191. Solar power system 189 is connected to power delivery support structure 111 and provides power to it. Some examples of solar power systems connected to power delivery support structure 111 are discussed with
a is a perspective view of the interior of a motor vehicle, embodied as car 195, having power delivery support structure 111, in accordance with the invention. Power delivery support structure 111 can be positioned in many different locations with car 195. For example, a console 194 separating the driver and passenger sides can carry power delivery support structure 111. Power delivery support structure 111 can also be positioned at an intermediate location between console 194 and dash board 192, as indicated by power delivery support structure 111′. Power delivery support structure 111 can be positioned on dash board 192, as indicated by power delivery support structure 111″.
Power delivery support structures 111′ and 111″ are the same or similar to power delivery support structure 111. In these examples, support structure 111 can include a magnetic material, as discussed with
Power delivery support structures 111, 111′, and/or 111″ can be powered in many different ways when included with car 195. In some examples, they are wired to the electrical system of car 195. This can be done directly or it can be done through a power connector, such as cigarette lighter 193. Examples of power delivery support structure 111 powered by a power connector embodied as a cigarette lighter are shown in
b is a perspective view of a vehicle, embodied as an airplane, which includes airplane seating 197 having power delivery support structure 111, in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, power delivery support structure 111 is carried by a tray table 199a, which is repeatedly moveable between open and closed positions. In this example, a seat 198a carries a tray table 199a which has power delivery support structure 111. Tray table 199a is shown as being in its closed position. A seat 198b carries a tray table 199b which has power delivery support structure 111 integrated with it. Tray table 199b is shown as being in its open position. The plane can be a commercial plane or it can be a private plane. In some embodiments, power delivery support structure 111 can be integrated with an arm of seat 198a and 198b instead of a tray. Support structure 111 can also be integrated with the back of seat 198a and 198b and include the magnetic material as discussed with
a, 28b, and 28c are perspective views of folded power delivery surfaces. A power delivery surface 111 can be economically constructed to be foldable. The hinges 404 and interconnections are carefully chosen to make folding viable.
a and 29b show perspective views of interlocking mechanisms to attach adjacent power delivery surfaces. Power deliver surface pads may be dynamically connected to each other (cascaded), thus, enlarging the active area in size while receiving power through a single connection. Power delivery surfaces may be placed adjacent to each other in order to increase the effective power delivery area.
c shows a schematic view of the placement of multiple interconnecting power delivery surfaces with the appropriate sides marked for proper mechanical attachment. In
d shows a schematic view of the placement of multiple interconnecting power delivery surfaces with the appropriate corners marked for proper electrical attachment. The corners of the power delivery surfaces 412, 413 may have contacts as shown in
e shows a perspective view of the electrical attachment at the corner of multiple attached power delivery surfaces. The contacts 415 on each corner of a particular power delivery surface are in electrical contact with the contacts 416 at the diametrically opposed corner of another power deliver surface. The corners should be connected such that all corner polarities match (i.e., all corners are positive 412 or negative 413).
A power delivery surface may also be collapsible by means of a sliding mechanism. In this case, a power delivery surface is divided into multiple segments. Adjacent segments slide one under another to collapse. One embodiment may call for a tongue in groove arrangement whereby each segment has a set of grooves on opposing edges on their underside, and mating “tongues” on their opposing edges of their topsides. The topside tongue of one segment mates and slides into the grooves on the underside of adjacent panels.
a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, and 31f are perspective drawings of apparatuses providing functional and aesthetic illumination for a power delivery surface. The illumination may be in the form of a glowing perimeter ring of light 602, a backlight that is visible through a translucent pad substrate 603, or lighting visible through the gaps between the pad contacts. Illumination may be generated by incandescent light, light pipe, electroluminescent, Light Emitting Diodes (LED), or other such light sources.
f shows another configuration similar to that of
a is a schematic drawing of a power delivery surface 111a broken down into several independent sections 701a-f. Each section 701a-f is powered by the same power supply 113, but through independent undercurrent sensors 703a-f. As a result, much of the pad 111a may not be energized at any given time. In another embodiment, the different sections of the power delivery surface 701a-f may be configured to provide different voltages, or other electrical characteristics, for different areas of the pad. In one embodiment, the pad is composed of an array of independent pads 701a-f. Each independent pad 701a-f may be connected to one of a set of power supplies of unique, predetermined voltages or other electrical characteristics. The pad 701a-f detects the power requirements of the device 112 using a programming resister technique. In this way, the pad may deliver a compatible voltage to devices without the need for a converter on-board the device 112. The sections 701a-f of the power delivery surface 111a may be divided into many sections 701a-f that are electrically independent of each other such that different sections 701a-f may provide different excitations. It is also desirable that the different sections 701a-f are independent so that each section 701a-f may perform independent safety and status testing regardless of the activity on other sections.
b and 32c are schematic block diagrams of power delivery and protection circuits for a power delivery surface 111a broken down into several independent sections.
c shows an embodiment whereby any of n power supplies may be connected to any of m power delivery surface sections 701a-n. Each power supply 113 drives a safety protection circuit 703a-n. Ellipses are shown to indicate that the blocks repeat for n or m times. A controller 706 monitors input from each safety protection circuit 703a-n, the power requirement sensor 705, and each power supply 113. The controller 706 determines from the power requirement sensors 705 which power delivery surfaces 111a needs to be connected to which power supply 113. Safety protection may be used at either location (a) 701a, location (b) 701b, or both locations 701a, 701b. In the case of the safety protection circuit (a) 703a, it protects the power supply 113 it is connected to. If one of the sections 701a-f powered by this power supply 113 caused a fault, for example, then safety protection circuit (a) 703a would shut down its output and all the sections connected to the output of safety protection circuit (a) 703a by the crosspoint power switch 704 would also be shut down. Safety protection circuit (b) 703b protects the particular section 701a-f it is directly attached to. In this case, a fault on a particular section 701a-f would disable only that particular section through the safety protection circuit (b) 703b.
a is a schematic block diagram of a device that has a battery with an integrated power receiver. This is a ‘dumb’ battery 801 that requires the host mobile device 112 to supply the appropriate voltage and/or current limit 806. The host mobile device 112 would require charging circuitry 807 and/or a regulator 806 in order to charge the battery 200. The battery 200 electrically connects 804 to the host device 112 allowing charging and discharging. The power receiver 805 delivers power 800 from the power delivery surface 111a to the host device 112. In this configuration, the operation of the battery 200 and the power receiver 805 are independent. If the output of the power receiver 805 is not compatible with the power requirements of the host device 112, the host device must have a power regulator 806 to condition the characteristics appropriately. In addition, the host 112 must have a charging regulator 807 to appropriately charge the battery 200.
b and 33c are perspective drawings of a battery 200 and a host device 112. The connections on the battery 200 that mate with the host battery operated device 112 are as required for the host device 112 to use and charge the battery 200. Additionally the battery may include power contacts 205 from the compatible adapter.
d is a schematic block diagram of a device that has a battery with an integrated power receiver 805 and regulator 806. The connections on the battery 804 that mate with the host mobile device 112 are as required for the host device 112 to use and charge the battery 200. Additionally, the battery 200 may include power contacts from the compatible adapter and power contacts from a regulated version of the adapter power. The host mobile device 112 would require charging circuitry 807 in order to charge the battery. The physical configuration would be identical to that shown in
e is a schematic block diagram of a device that has a battery 200 with an integrated power receiver 805, regulator 806, and charging regulator 807. The integrated converter 807 provides the appropriate voltage and/or current for proper operation of the charging controller within the mobile device. This is a universal pad-enabled battery 803 that provides the mobile device 112 with all the necessary voltages/currents for charging. This battery requires a host mobile device 112 to control the charging. If the battery 200 were set on the pad 111a by itself, it would not be able to self charge. The host device 112 has electrical connections 804 to the various integrated systems. The host device does not contain the regulator 806 or the charging regulator 807. The physical configuration is similar to
f is a schematic block diagram of a device 112 that has a fully integrated battery 811. The fully integrated battery 811 is integrated with a compatible adapter, and contains a complete charging and monitoring circuit 808. The battery 811 will provide connections 810 to the mobile device that include monitoring signals 809 such that the mobile device can determine, for example, the state of charge. This is a universal pad-enabled battery that takes care of itself (re-charging) and merely supplies the host mobile device 112 with status about itself. Batteries 811 like this may be placed on the pad 111a without the mobile device 112 to be recharged. The fully integrated battery 811 includes an integrated power receiver 805, regulator 806, charging regulator 807, and charging controller 808. The host device 112 receives power 800 from the battery 200, and status and control signals 809 connect the host device 112 to the charging controller 808. The status and control signals 809 connecting the battery 811 to the host may include signals indicating that the battery is charging, that the power receiver is receiving power, the battery voltage, etc. The fully integrated battery 811 has the ability to be recharged on the power delivery surface 111a without being installed in the host 112.
a, 40b, and 40c are Voltage/Current (V/I) characteristic graphs for the circuit of
a and 56b are circuit diagrams for certain desired loads. This method disclosed with respect to
Since these and numerous other modifications and combinations of the above-described method and embodiments will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to any of the exact construction and process shown and described above. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, permutations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such modifications, permutations, additions, and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope. The words “comprise,” “comprises,” “comprising “has,” “have,” “having,” “include,” including,” and “includes” when used in this specification and in the following claims are intended to specify the presence of stated features or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, or groups thereof.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/778,761, filed Mar. 3, 2007, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/781,456, filed Mar. 10, 2007, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/797,140, filed May 3, 2006, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, and it is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/670,842, filed Feb. 2, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/672,010, filed on Feb. 6, 2007, which additionally claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/776,332, filed Feb. 24, 2006, which are a divisional patent application and a continuation-in-part patent application, respectively, from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/732,103, filed on Dec. 10, 2003, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/432,072, filed Dec. 10, 2002, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/441,794, filed Jan. 22, 2003, and U.S. Provisional No. 60/444,826, filed Feb. 4, 2003, all of which are also incorporated herein by reference
Number | Date | Country | |
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60778761 | Mar 2006 | US | |
60781456 | Mar 2006 | US | |
60797140 | May 2006 | US | |
60444826 | Feb 2003 | US | |
60441794 | Jan 2003 | US | |
60432072 | Dec 2002 | US | |
60776332 | Feb 2006 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11672010 | Feb 2007 | US |
Child | 11682309 | US | |
Parent | 11670842 | Feb 2007 | US |
Child | 11672010 | US |