The disclosure generally relates to a method of constructing a building, and a vertical slip form construction system therefor.
Many methods of constructing multi-story buildings exist. Traditionally, multi-story buildings have been constructed from the ground up, in which construction of the building begins on a ground level by attaching higher elevation structural elements on top of previously assembled lower structural elements to construct the building in upward direction, i.e., from bottom up. This construction method requires that the structural elements be lifted by a crane and connected in situ at elevation. This is particularly timely and costly when constructing tall buildings.
A more recent construction method includes constructing a vertical support core of the building. The vertical support core is designed to carry all structural loads of the building. The floor plates, including the roof structure surrounding a vertical support core, are constructed around the base of the vertical support core at ground level, lifted vertically into place with strand jacks located on top of the vertical support core, and then connected to the vertical support core. In this matter, the roof structure surrounding the vertical support core is assembled at ground level, lifted to its final elevation, and then attached to the vertical support core. After the roof structure is attached to the vertical support core, the top floor plate is assembled at ground level, lifted to its final elevation, and then attached to the vertical support core. Subsequent floor plates are assembled and attached to the vertical support core in the same manner in a descending order. By so doing, the roof and the floor plates of the building are constructed in a downward direction, i.e., from top down.
A method of constructing a building is provided. The method includes providing a vertical slip form system. The vertical slip form system includes a plurality of vertical form panels for forming a wall of a vertical support core of the building therebetween, and a plurality of yokes attached to the plurality of vertical form panels. A first portion of a roof structure is attached to the plurality of yokes. The first portion of the roof structure is a finished load bearing support system to be positioned over the vertical support core of the building. The vertical support core of the building is then formed from a hardenable material, such as but not limited to a concrete mixture, with the vertical slip form system. The vertical slip form system moves vertically upward from a ground elevation to a finished elevation while forming the vertical support core. The first portion of the roof structure is raised with the vertical slip form system while forming the vertical support core. The first portion of the roof structure is then detached from the plurality of yokes after the vertical support core is formed to the finished elevation. The vertical slip form system is removed from the formed vertical support core of the building, and the first portion of the roof structure is lowered onto the vertical support core and into a final position of the first portion of the roof structure. By so doing, the first portion of the roof structure does not have to be constructed in situ on top of the vertical support core. Rather, because the first portion of the roof structure is attached to the vertical slip form system at ground level, the vertical slip form system raises the first portion of the roof structure while concurrently forming the walls of the vertical support core of the building.
In one aspect of the method of constructing the building, a second portion of the roof structure is assembled at the ground elevation. The second portion of the roof structure is a finished load bearing support system to be positioned beyond the peripheral limits of the vertical support core. The second portion of the roof structure is then lifted vertically relative to the vertical support core into a final position of the second portion of the roof structure. The second portion of the roof structure is then attached to the vertical support core.
In another aspect of the method of constructing the building, a derrick crane is positioned on top of the first portion of the roof structure prior to forming the vertical support core. The first portion of the roof structure supports the derrick crane and transfers a vertical load from the derrick crane to the vertical slip form system. The derrick crane may include for example, but is not limited to, a crane having an eight ton lifting capacity and a nominal boom length equal to approximately eighty feet. The vertical slip form system includes a plurality of form jacks. Each of the form jacks is attached to one of the yokes. The form jacks climb a jack rod to move the vertical slip form system upward while forming the walls of the vertical support core. The form jacks are sized to include a combined lifting capacity capable of lifting the vertical slip form system, the first portion of the roof structure, and the derrick crane. The derrick crane may be used to raise and lower construction equipment, materials, and supplies onto and off of the first portion of the roof structure, as well as other elevations of the building, while the vertical slip form system is forming the walls of the vertical support core, and after the vertical support core is formed. This eliminates the need for a tower mounted jib crane next to the building. Additionally, by placing the derrick crane on top of the first portion of the roof structure prior to forming the vertical support core, the derrick crane may be used to assist formation of the vertical support core with the vertical slip form system. Once the vertical support core is formed and the first portion of the roof structure is positioned on top of the vertical support core, the derrick crane may be used for other construction purposes.
A construction system for constructing a building is also provided. The construction system includes a vertical slip form system operable to form a vertical support core of the building from a hardenable material, while moving vertically upward from a ground elevation to a finished elevation. The slip form system includes a plurality of vertical form panels for forming a wall of the vertical support core therebetween, and a plurality of yokes attached to the plurality of vertical form panels. A first portion of a roof structure is temporarily attached to the plurality of yokes. The first portion of the roof structure is a finished load bearing support system to be positioned over the vertical support core of the building. A derrick crane is positioned on top of and supported by the first portion of the roof structure. The slip form system includes a plurality of form jacks having a combined lifting capacity capable of lifting the slip form system, the first portion of the roof structure, and the derrick crane.
A multi-story building disposed on a ground elevation is also provided, and includes a vertical support core, a roof structure and a plurality of floors. The vertical support core includes a vertical slip form system, wherein the vertical form panels form a wall of the vertical support core. The roof structure includes a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion of the roof structure is a finished load bearing support system that is positioned over the vertical support core, and wherein the second portion of the roof structure is a finished load bearing support system that is positioned beyond peripheral limits of the vertical support core, wherein the second portion is assembled at the ground elevation, and wherein the second portion is lifted vertically relative to the vertical support core into a final position. The plurality of floor plates includes each of the floorplates corresponding to one of the stories of the building or the roof structure, wherein each of the floorplates is assembled at the ground elevation, lifted to a final elevation, and attached to the vertical support core in a descending order.
The above features and advantages and other features and advantages of the present teachings are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out the teachings when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that terms such as “above,” “below,” “upward,” “downward,” “top,” “bottom,” etc., are used descriptively for the figures, and do not represent limitations on the scope of the disclosure, as defined by the appended claims.
Referring to the Figures, wherein like numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views, a construction system is generally shown at 20 in
As used herein, the term “floor plate 26” may include all structural or frame members, e.g., joists and/or purlins, flooring, e.g., concrete floor, interior walls, exterior curtain walls, modular room subassemblies, e.g., a lavatory module, utilities, etc., that form a floor or level of the building 22. The term “floor plate 26” may include a plate for the roof structure 24A, 24B of the building 22, as well as a plate for a floor or level of the building 22. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that the term “floor plate 26” is used herein to refer to both the roof structure 24A, 24B for the roof of the building 22, as well as a floor structure for a floor or level of the building 22. As used herein and shown in the Figures, the reference numeral 26 may refer and indicate any floor plate 26 of the building 22, whereas the reference numeral 24A refers to and indicates a first portion of the roof structure, and the reference numeral 24B refers to and indicates a second portion of the roof structure.
Referring to
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The vertical slip form system 32 further includes a plurality of yokes 52. The yokes 52 are attached to the vertical form panels 36. The yokes 52 may be attached to the form panels 36 in any suitable manner, such as but not limited to, a plurality of fasteners or connectors. Adjacent pairs of yokes 52 may include one or more walers extending therebetween to provide lateral support to the form panels 36. As shown, each of the yokes 52 includes a pair of vertical yoke columns, with one of the yoke columns extending vertically and attached to an inner panel 40, and the other of the yoke columns extending vertically and attached to an outer panel 42. Each of the yokes 52 includes a lower horizontal yoke beam and an upper horizontal yoke beam, each extending between and connecting the yoke columns of their respective yoke 52. The yokes 52 shown in the Figures and described herein are exemplary embodiments. It should be appreciated that the specific construction of the yokes 52 may vary from the exemplary embodiment shown and described herein.
The vertical slip form system 32 includes a plurality of form jacks 62. In one embodiment, each of the yokes 52 includes a respective form jack 62. However, in other embodiments, each of the yokes 52 need not include a respective form jack 62. The form jack 62 is operable to lift the vertical slip form system 32 vertically upward relative to the wall 38 of the vertical support core 30, as shown with reference to
A first portion of the roof structure 24A is temporarily attached to an upper end of the yokes 52. The first portion of the roof structure 24A may be attached to the yokes 52 in any suitable manner, such as but not limited to, a plurality of fasteners, connectors, temporary locking brackets, etc. The first portion of the roof structure 24A is rigidly attached to the yokes 52 to brace the yokes 52 and maintain a position of the yokes 52 and the form panels 36 relative to each other, and relative to a vertical plane 70 and the horizontal plane 50 of the building 22. By so doing, the accuracy of the vertical slip form system 32 is increased because the relative position of the form panels 36 and the yokes 52 is maintained by the rigidity of the first portion of the roof structure 24A.
The first portion of the roof structure 24A is a finished load bearing support system of the final roof structure that is to be positioned over the vertical support core 30 of the building 22. The first portion of the roof structure 24A may be constructed from multiple steel beams attached together in a system of rafters 78 and purlins 80 as known in the art. However, the first portion of the roof structure 24A may be constructed in other manners using other materials, such as with a series of trusses or pre-fabricated concrete beams, etc. A temporary floor 72 may be disposed on top of the first portion of the roof structure 24A to provide a walking surface for construction workers, as well as a staging area for construction materials.
The construction system 20 further includes a derrick crane 74 that is positioned on top of and supported by the first portion of the roof structure 24A. The derrick crane 74 may be sized for the specific building 22. However, an exemplary embodiment of the derrick crane 74 includes an eight ton lifting capacity having a nominal boom length equal to eighty feet. The derrick crane 74 may be rigidly attached to the first portion of the roof structure 24A. The features and operation of the derrick crane 74 are well known to those skilled in the art, are not pertinent to the teachings of this disclosure, and are therefore not described in detail herein.
Because the derrick crane 74 is attached to and supported by the first portion of the roof structure 24A, and the first portion of the roof structure 24A is attached to and supported by the yokes 52 of the vertical slip form system 32, the form jacks 62 of the vertical slip form system 32 are sized to include a combined lifting capacity capable of lifting the vertical slip form system 32, the first portion of the roof structure 24A, and the derrick crane 74, relative to the wall 38 of the vertical support core 30.
As shown in
A method of constructing a building 22 is also provided. The method includes providing the vertical slip form system 32. Referring to
The first portion of the roof structure 24A is then attached atop the yokes 52 of the vertical slip form system 32. As described above, the first portion of the roof structure 24A is the finished load bearing support system to be positioned over the vertical support core 30 of the building 22. As shown in
The derrick crane 74 may then be placed atop of the first portion of the roof structure 24A. Notably, the derrick crane 74 is positioned atop the first portion of the roof structure 24A prior to forming the wall 38 of the vertical support core 30. As described above, the first portion of the roof structure 24A supports the derrick crane 74 and transfers the vertical load from the derrick crane 74 to the vertical slip form system 32. As such, the first portion of the roof structure 24A provides a platform having sufficient strength to support the derrick crane 74 and any load hoisted by the derrick crane 74.
Once the derrick crane 74 is positioned atop the first portion of the roof structure 24A of the wall 38 structure, the wall 38 of the vertical support core 30 of the building 22 may be formed from the hardenable material 34, e.g., concrete, with the vertical slip form system 32. As understood by those skilled in the art, the vertical slip form system 32 moves vertically upward from the ground elevation 28 to the finished elevation of the wall 38 while forming the wall 38 of the vertical support core 30. Because the first portion of the roof structure 24A and the derrick crane 74 are supported by and attached to the vertical slip form system 32, the first portion of the roof structure 24A and the derrick crane 74 are simultaneously raised with the vertical slip form system 32 while forming the wall 38 of the vertical support core 30.
The process of forming the wall 38 of the vertical support core 30 using the vertical slip form system 32 is understood by those skilled in the art, and is therefore not described in detail herein. However, referring to
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Once the first portion of the roof structure 24A is positioned atop the vertical support core 30 at its final position, the first portion of the roof structure 24A may be secured to the vertical support core 30 of the building 22. The first portion of the roof structure 24A may be secured to the vertical support core 30 in any suitable manner. The specific manner in which the first portion of the roof structure 24A is secured to the vertical support core 30 is dependent upon the specific design considerations of the building 22 and the location. The specific manner in which the first portion of the roof structure 24A is secured to the vertical support core 30 is well known to those skilled in the art, is not pertinent to the teachings of this disclosure, and is therefore not described in detail herein.
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The second portion of the roof structure 24B may be assembled at the ground elevation 28. The second portion of the roof structure 24B is a finished load bearing support system to be positioned beyond the peripheral limits of the vertical support core 30. In other words, the second portion of the roof structure 24B constitutes the remainder of the roof structure not included in the first portion of the roof structure 24A, as shown with reference to
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The detailed description and the drawings or figures are supportive and descriptive of the disclosure, but the scope of the disclosure is defined solely by the claims. While some of the best modes and other embodiments for carrying out the claimed teachings have been described in detail, various alternative designs and embodiments exist for practicing the disclosure defined in the appended claims.