Administration of radioactive pharmaceutical substances or drugs, generally termed radiopharmaceuticals, is often used in the medical field to provide information or imagery of internal body structures and/or functions including, but not limited to, bone, vasculature, organs and organ systems, and other tissue or as therapeutic agents to kill or inhibit the growth of targeted cells or tissue, such as cancer cells. Radiopharmaceutical agents used in imaging procedures and therapeutic procedures typically include highly radioactive nuclides of short half-lives and are hazardous to attending medical personnel. These agents are toxic and can have physical and/or chemical effects for attending medical personnel such as clinicians, imaging technicians, nurses, and pharmacists. Excessive radiation exposure is harmful to attending medical personnel due to their occupational repeated exposure to the radiopharmaceuticals. The constant and repeated exposure of medical personnel and patients to radiopharmaceuticals over an extended period of time is a significant problem in the nuclear medicine field.
Embodiments described herein are directed to receptacles for vials holding harmful fluids that include a cap, a container, and a collar having a means for attaching to both the cap and the container. In various embodiments, the collar may attach to a cap on the vial, and in some embodiments, the collar may include a septum and may be used in place of the standard vial cap.
Various embodiments include a vial container including a collar, a cap, and a container. In some embodiments, the container may be configured to receive a portion of the collar and to fixedly or removably attach to a portion of the collar, and in some embodiments, the cap may be configured to receive a portion of the collar and to removeably attach to the collar. In certain embodiments, the collar may include a first attachment means for facilitating an attachment with the container, and in some embodiments, the first attachment means may include, for example, a flex-ring, threads, a crimped portion, attachment pins, and the like and combinations thereof. In particular embodiments, the collar may include a second attachment means for facilitating an attachment with the cap, and in some embodiments, the second attachment means may be, for example, a flex-ring, threads, a crimped portion, attachment pins, and the like and combinations thereof. The collar, the container, or combinations thereof of various embodiments may further include a means for attaching to a device, and in some embodiments, the collar, the container, or combinations thereof may include a flex-ring, threads, attachment pins, and combinations thereof.
In certain embodiments, the collar may include one or more of a lower groove and upper groove or combinations thereof, and in some embodiments, the collar may include a magnetic material disposed in a lower groove, an upper groove, or a combination thereof. In various embodiments, the collar may include a vial groove on an inner surface of the collar, and in some embodiments, a spring may be disposed in the vial groove. The collar may include a upper flange providing an upper opening on the collar, and in particular embodiments, the collar may include a lower flange.
In certain embodiments, the container may include an inner groove. In some embodiments, a flex ring disposed in the inner groove, and in other embodiments, the inner groove may include a magnetic material.
The cap of various embodiments may include a cylindrical lower portion having an interior groove. In some embodiments, the cap may include a flex-ring or magnetic material disposed in the interior groove.
Other embodiments are directed to a vial container including a collar comprising a first attachment means for facilitating an attachment with a container and a second attachment means for facilitating an attachment with the cap, a cap configured to receive a portion of the collar, and a container configured to receive a portion of the collar. Additional embodiments include a vial container including a collar, a cap configured to receive a portion of the collar, and a container configured to receive a portion of the collar.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein.
As used in this document, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Nothing in this document is to be construed as an admission that the embodiments described in this document are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
This disclosure is not limited to the particular systems, devices and methods described, as these may vary. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing the particular versions or embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope.
The word “proximal” refers to a direction relatively closer to a clinician using the device described herein, and the word “distal” refers to a direction relatively further from the clinician. For example, the end of a catheter placed within the body of a patient is considered a distal end of the catheter, while the catheter end remaining outside the body is a proximal end of the catheter.
Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to enclosures and enclosure systems for vials including a cap, a container, and a vial collar that is capable of reversibly attaching to both the cap and the container, and methods for using such enclosures for storage of hazardous materials such as, for example, radioactive substances and radiopharmaceuticals. Other embodiments are directed to utensils and tools configured to connect to various parts of enclosure and, in certain embodiments, utensils and tools for connecting to the collar, that allow a user to transport and manipulate the vial without physically contacting the vial or the contents of the vial. The devices and systems of such embodiments may allow for safe storage and transfer of hazardous materials with reduced likelihood of user contact with the hazardous materials during transfer.
As illustrated in
The collar 120 may typically have a generally cylindrical shape with an outer surface configured to contact the container and cap and an inner surface configured to attach to the vial. In some embodiments, the collar 120 may be composed of a material that is capable of forming a connection with the cap 100 and the container 130. For example, the cap may be composed in whole or in part of steel and magnets may be embedded in the cap 100 and container 130 to facilitate a connection between the collar 120 and the cap 100, container 130 or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the collar 120 may be composed on a non-magnetic material but one or more magnets that are capable of connecting with the cap 100, container 130, or combination thereof may be embedded in the collar 120.
In still other embodiments, a physical connection may be made between the collar 120 and the cap 100, container 130, or combinations thereof. For example, in some embodiments that collar 120 may include a circumferential groove 132 configured and arranged to accept a ring 131, such as a flexring, confined in a circumferential groove 132 in an inner surface of the container 130. In operation, the ring 131 will become enclosed by the circumferential groove 125 of the collar 120 and the circumferential groove 132 of the container 130 when the circumferential groove 125 of the collar 120 and the circumferential groove 132 of the container 130 meet connecting the collar 120 to the container 130 and holding the collar 130 and, by extension the vial 140 in place in the container. In other embodiments, the ring may be confined in the circumferential groove of the collar 120 rather than the container 130. While this example describes using a ring connector to connect the collar 120 to the container 130, similar components may be used to connect the collar 120 to the cap 100. In particular embodiments, separate ring type connectors can be used to connect the collar 120 to both the container 130 and the cap 100.
In particular embodiments, a combination of means for connecting the collar 120 to the cap 100 and container 130 may be used to reversibly connect the various components of the system. For example, in certain embodiments, the collar 120 may be composed of a magnetic material such as steel that allows for a connection to be made with magnets 102 embedded in circular lower portion 101 of the cap 100 and a circumferential groove 125 may be provided to connect to a ring type connector 131 enclosed in a circumferential groove 132 in the container 130. Thus, the collar 120 and vial 140 may be held in the container 130 by a physical connection, and the cap 100 may be held in contact with the collar 120 by a magnetic connection. In use, the magnetic connection between the cap 100 and collar 120 may be easier to break than the physical connection between the collar 120 and the container 130. The user may, therefore, be able to remove the cap 100 without removing vial 140 which remains encased in the container 130 by virtue of the physical connection of the collar 120 with the container 130. Other means for providing a dual connector cap can be used to connect the collar 120 to the cap 100 and container 130 that allow for preferential removal of the cap 100 and can be used in other embodiments.
A more detailed illustration of a collar 120 is provided in
In such embodiments, a spring 225, rubber ring, or other means for holding the vial cap in place may be disposed in the gap. Thus for the collar 220 depicted in
The upper flange 222 and lower flange 223 of various embodiments may have a width that is the same or different and that may vary based, for example, on the size of the vial, the size of the lip or flange portion of the vial, and combinations thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the upper flange 222 and the lower flange 223 may have substantially equal widths. In other embodiments, the upper flange 222 may have a larger width than the lower flange 223, and the width of the lower flange 223 may be limited by the size of the vial.
The collar 220 may substantially cover the outer circumference of the cap of the vial. In certain embodiments, the upper flange 222 of the collar 220 may cover at least a portion of the upper (top) surface of the cap of the vial and may provide an opening through which at least a portion of the top surface of the cap can be accessed. For example, a collar 220 configured and arranged to attach to a standard vial for transporting injectable medical fluids and pharmaceuticals having a crimped cap and a septum for providing access to the contents of the vial may include an upper flange 222 that provides an upper opening of sufficient size to provide full or partial access to the septum. The caps for standard vials may have a diameter of from about 25 mm to about 45 mm and the width of the upper flange 222 of such embodiments may be from about 2 mm to about 20 mm such that an opening having a diameter of from about 5 mm to about 30 mm is created depending on the size of the vial and the cap.
As discussed above, the collar 220 may further include various components that allow the collar to reversibly connect to the cap 100 and the container 130 (
In some embodiments, a second means for attachment may be provided on the collar 220. For example, a ring of a magnetic material 227 may be provided on an upper portion of the outer surface of the collar 220 that is positioned to interact with a magnetic material associated with the cap 100 of the enclosure system 10. Magnetic material may include a magnet or a material capable of interacting with the magnet to form a magnetic connection such as steel or other metals. Thus, in some embodiments, the magnetic material 227 may include one or more magnets located about the outer circumference of an upper portion of the outer surface of the collar 220. In other embodiments, the magnetic material 227 may be a metal ring embedded in the collar 220 or enclosed within a circumferential groove in the upper portion of the outer surface of the collar 220. In still other embodiments, the magnetic material 227 may be a combination of metal portions and magnet portions.
In some embodiments, the collar 220 may be designed to fit over the cap of a sealed vial. For example, a collar 220 may be placed on the cap of a sealed vial by pushing the lower flange 223 onto and over the cap of the sealed vial. In such embodiments, the collar 220 may include a means for expanding the opening created by the lower flange 223 when the collar is pressed onto the cap of the vial that constricts around the neck of the vial after the cap has been overcome. In other embodiments, the lower flange 223 may be crimped to attach the collar to the cap of the vial, and in still other embodiments, the collar 220 may include two or more parts that attach around the cap of the vial to facilitate attachment.
In other embodiments, the collar 220 may attach directly to an uncapped vial. For example, in some embodiments, the collar may include a septum covering the opening created by the upper flange 222 and the lower flange 223 may be crimped onto an uncapped vial. In other embodiments, the collar 220 may include an inner surface that includes grooves and ridges for screw type attachment to vial, and in still other embodiments, other attachment means such as, for example, snap on configuration may be used to attach the collar to an uncapped vial. In operation, collars 220 that attach directly to the vial may be placed on the vial during manufacture, or in some embodiments, the vial cap may be removed and replaced with a collar 220 having a septum that is designed to be attached directly to the vial.
The collar 220 may be composed on any material known in the art. For example, in various embodiments, the collar 220 may be composed of a polymeric material, metal, composite material, or combinations thereof. In particular embodiments, the collar or portions thereof may be composed of a polymeric material such as a plastic that has been molded to include the various features described above. Various polymers known in the art can be useful in such embodiments, including, but not limited to, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyester, polypropylene, polyacetal, polystyrene, polyamide, polyacrylamide, polyimide, polyolefin, cyclic olefin copolymer, rubber, elastomers, thermosets, thermoplastics, and the like and combinations thereof, and in certain embodiments, low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyacetal (POM), nylon, Santoprene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the like and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the collar or portions thereof may be composed of a metal or metal alloy such as, but not limited to, aluminum, steel, copper, brass, and the like and combinations thereof.
Examples of containers encompassed by embodiments are provided in
To receive the collar 120, the upper portion 334 of the container 330 may have an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the collar 120. In some embodiments as depicted in
The container may be sized to hold a vial and the size of the container may vary depending, for example, on the size of the vial. In some embodiments, the lower portion 335 of the container 330 may be sized to receive a vial of a particular size. For example, a standard vial for holding 2 ml of injectable liquid has a diameter of 12 mm and a height of 32 mm, the lower portion 335 of the container 330 may be sized to receive a vial. In other embodiments, The lower portion 335 of the container 330 may be sized to accommodate various vials having different sizes and shapes. For example, the lower portion 335 of the container 330 may have a diameter and height substantially larger than the diameter and height of the 2 ml vial described above, but the collar may be able to securely hold the vial within the container 330. Therefore, the container may be able to hold substantially larger vials, e.g., 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml, etc., as well as the relatively small 2 ml vial described above.
In various embodiments, the attachment between the collar 520 and the container 530 may be sufficient to allow the container 530 containing the vial 540 to be inverted. For example, flex-ring containing collar 520 and container 530 combinations described above can provide sufficient stability to allow the container to be inverted while the vial remains attached. In some embodiments, the collar 520 or the container 530 may be configured to allow for the introduction of an inverted container into a larger device. For example as illustrated in
The container 330, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
In various embodiments as illustrated in
The cap 400 may be made from any material known in the art, and the choice of material may depend on the hazardous material held within the vial. In some embodiments, the cap 400 may be made from the same material as the container, and in other embodiments, the cap 400 may be made from a different material than the container. For example, in various embodiments, the cap 400 or portions thereof may be made from a polymeric material, metal, composite material, or combinations thereof, such as those described above. In some embodiments, the container 330 or portions thereof may be composed of a metal or metal alloy such as those described above. In particular embodiments, the container 330 may be designed to hold a radioactive material and may be composed of a material capable of stopping emission of high energy radioactive particles such as those described above.
Although various embodiments have been described in detail for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements. For example, it is to be understood that this disclosure contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any embodiment can be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1427820 | Kaufman | Sep 1922 | A |
1609447 | Ward | Dec 1926 | A |
1780728 | Webber | Nov 1930 | A |
1875325 | Bowman | Sep 1932 | A |
1918307 | Webber | Jul 1933 | A |
1918308 | Webber | Jul 1933 | A |
2487728 | Quiring | Nov 1949 | A |
2492326 | Scotti | Dec 1949 | A |
2682352 | Hawkins | Jun 1954 | A |
2761717 | Mahlke | Sep 1956 | A |
2915640 | Grubel et al. | Dec 1959 | A |
3027034 | Christian | Mar 1962 | A |
3308980 | Taylor | Mar 1967 | A |
3369121 | Bruno et al. | Feb 1968 | A |
3432666 | Harding et al. | Mar 1969 | A |
3531644 | Koster | Sep 1970 | A |
3630403 | Berg | Dec 1971 | A |
3655985 | Brown et al. | Apr 1972 | A |
3673411 | Glasser | Jun 1972 | A |
3718138 | Alexandrov et al. | Feb 1973 | A |
3754141 | Leebl et al. | Aug 1973 | A |
3811591 | Novitch | May 1974 | A |
3850325 | MacLeod | Nov 1974 | A |
3882315 | Soldan | May 1975 | A |
3896958 | Robbins et al. | Jul 1975 | A |
3971955 | Heyer et al. | Jul 1976 | A |
3973554 | Tipton | Aug 1976 | A |
3984695 | Collica et al. | Oct 1976 | A |
3993063 | Larrabee | Nov 1976 | A |
4020355 | Czaplinski | Apr 1977 | A |
4074824 | Kontes | Feb 1978 | A |
4081688 | Fries | Mar 1978 | A |
4084097 | Czaplinski et al. | Apr 1978 | A |
4092546 | Larrabee | May 1978 | A |
4122836 | Burnett | Oct 1978 | A |
4144461 | Glasser | Mar 1979 | A |
4307713 | Galkin et al. | Dec 1981 | A |
4382512 | Furminger | May 1983 | A |
4401108 | Galkin et al. | Aug 1983 | A |
4409966 | Lambrecht et al. | Oct 1983 | A |
4562829 | Bergner | Jan 1986 | A |
4567014 | Popp | Jan 1986 | A |
4585009 | Barker et al. | Apr 1986 | A |
4594214 | Popp et al. | Jun 1986 | A |
4673813 | Sanchez | Jun 1987 | A |
4738388 | Bienek et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
4811858 | Augur | Mar 1989 | A |
4865189 | Guerra | Sep 1989 | A |
5027966 | Yadock | Jul 1991 | A |
5042679 | Crowson et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
5274239 | Lane et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
5303836 | Childress | Apr 1994 | A |
5316146 | Graff | May 1994 | A |
5437387 | Burns | Aug 1995 | A |
5442186 | Walker | Aug 1995 | A |
5472403 | Comacchia et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5514071 | Sielaff, Jr. et al. | May 1996 | A |
5519931 | Reich | May 1996 | A |
5624410 | Tsukada et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5695090 | Burdick | Dec 1997 | A |
5725114 | Pickman | Mar 1998 | A |
5817067 | Tsukada | Oct 1998 | A |
5828073 | Zhu et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5834788 | Fu et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5857579 | Finneran | Jan 1999 | A |
5865805 | Ziemba | Feb 1999 | A |
5904267 | Thompson | May 1999 | A |
5927351 | Zhu et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5944190 | Edelen | Aug 1999 | A |
5993425 | Kriesel | Nov 1999 | A |
6162198 | Coffey et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6425174 | Reich | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6585684 | Hughett et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6586758 | Martin | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6589158 | Winkler | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6614040 | Zens | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6767319 | Reilly et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6773673 | Layfield et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
7040856 | Reich | May 2006 | B2 |
7086133 | Reich | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7105846 | Eguchi | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7151267 | Lemer | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7170072 | Schwarz et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7199375 | Drobnik et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7307265 | Polsinelli et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7419478 | Reilly et al. | Sep 2008 | B1 |
7425195 | Wissman | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7546855 | Rodewald | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7694610 | Flores et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7753835 | Van Der Lee et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7772565 | Wilson | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7812322 | Wagner et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7842023 | Chinol et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7934614 | Finneran | May 2011 | B2 |
7975733 | Horppu et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
8044377 | Helle | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8251221 | Castaneda | Aug 2012 | B1 |
8409165 | Niedospial et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8496272 | Davis | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8505787 | Fox et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8633461 | Fago et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
20030222228 | Chen Fu et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030226981 | Schmidt | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040015038 | Lemer | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040084340 | Morelle et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040254525 | Uber et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050085682 | Sasaki et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050107698 | Powers et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050154275 | Chinol | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050203329 | Muto et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050203330 | Muto et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050224728 | Schwarz | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050234424 | Besing et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050247893 | Fu et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050277833 | Williams | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060086909 | Schaber | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060151048 | Tochon-Danguy et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060293553 | Polsinelli et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070034537 | Fago et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070129591 | Yanke | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20080177126 | Tate et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080197302 | Fago | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080200747 | Wagner et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080242915 | Jackson et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20090069625 | Helle | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20100019174 | Helle et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100032591 | Lemer | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100049159 | Fangrow | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100160889 | Smith et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100168712 | Tuckwell et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100185040 | Uber et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20110124948 | Yokell | May 2011 | A1 |
20110132907 | Hajichristou et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110178359 | Hirschman et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110201867 | Wagner | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110209764 | Uber et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110214781 | Horppu et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110215267 | Fago et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20120007004 | Valentin et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120305800 | Mayfield et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130001446 | Sakashita | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20140046295 | Uber et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20140048432 | Kakiuchi et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20150123021 | Isensee | May 2015 | A1 |
20150325321 | Helle | Nov 2015 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
0915760 | May 2002 | EP |
1616587 | Jan 2006 | EP |
1927996 | Jun 2008 | EP |
2004290455 | Oct 2004 | JP |
2005283431 | Oct 2005 | JP |
2004004787 | Jan 2004 | WO |
2006051531 | May 2006 | WO |
2006124775 | Nov 2006 | WO |
2007010534 | Jan 2007 | WO |
2007056654 | May 2007 | WO |
2008083313 | Jul 2008 | WO |
2009149367 | Dec 2009 | WO |
2012019201 | Feb 2012 | WO |
Entry |
---|
The International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Jul. 15, 2014 from corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2014/022448, which was filed on Mar. 10, 2014. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for Application No. PCT/US2013/044031, mailed on Dec. 9, 2014, 7 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for Application No. PCT/US2013/048484, mailed on Dec. 31, 2014, 6 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2013/044031, mailed on May 28, 2014, 8 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2013/048484, mailed on Oct. 22, 2013, 8 pages. |
The International Preliminary Report on Patentability mailed Sep. 24, 2015 from corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2014/022448. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20140263319 A1 | Sep 2014 | US |