Patent Grant
9334613
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of German Patent Application No. 10 2013 020 690.1, filed Dec. 3, 2013, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to a soil compaction machine, in particular, a vibration compactor, which has a vibration exciter comprising two parallel imbalance shafts located adjacent to one another and a drive unit for the imbalance shafts.
Construction machines for soil compaction, or soil compaction machines, are used where an increase of the density of the soil is desired. This relates in particular to the compaction of asphalt, earth, gravel, sand, etc. This is regularly the case, for example, in roadway, path, and route construction, however, this list is in no way to be understood as restrictive. Soil compaction machines frequently comprise a vibration means for this purpose, via which load pulses which compact the soil can be introduced into the surface of the soil. Such a vibration means typically comprises a vibration exciter and a soil contact unit. In particular, vibratory plates having a plate as a soil contact unit and vibration rollers having a hollow-cylindrical roller drum as a soil contact unit can be described as examples of such vibration compactors, which are particularly preferred refinements of the present invention. Such vibration rollers can be self-propelled or manually guided. Specifically, this can relate in particular, for example, to so-called single-drum compactors or tandem rollers. The vibration exciters used in this case are especially developed for the application “compaction of the ground surface” and are optimally adapted to the design conditions and the intended use of construction machines for soil compaction. This relates, in particular, to the design of the vibration exciters usable here with regard to their operating variables, for example, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, etc.
The vibration exciters used in such soil compaction machines are used to generate alternating load pulses for compacting soil, which are introduced into the soil via the respective soil contact. A vibration roller is known from EP 0704575 B1, in the roller drum of which a vibration exciter s installed which has two parallel imbalance shafts running in opposite directions. These are arranged in the roller drum opposite to one another in relation to the center axis of the roller drum and are connected to one another via a mechanical coupling in the form of a gear drive. The drive of the two imbalance shafts is performed via a motor, which acts on one of the imbalance shafts, while the other imbalance shaft is set into rotation via the gear drive. A vibratory plate and a manually-guided soil compaction roller are known, for example, from EP 2 743 402 A2.
Due to the parallel arrangement of the two imbalance shafts, it is possible to generate oriented vibrations, by changing the phase relation of the two imbalance shafts in relation to one another by means of an adjustment device. The change of the phase relation is performed by an adjustment of the angle position of one imbalance shaft relatively to the other imbalance shaft. For this purpose, for example, a hydraulic axially displaceable adjustment coil is provided on the relevant imbalance shaft, using which an axial control movement is converted into a rotational movement.
The present invention is based on the object of providing a soil compaction machine of the type described above, in which the vibration exciter enables a large number of exciter functions using relatively simple technical means.
This object is achieved in that the drive device of the vibration exciter has two motors, of which a first motor is operationally linked to the first imbalance shaft and a second motor is operationally linked to the second imbalance shaft.
The present invention has the advantage that no mechanical or hydraulic coupling is present between the two imbalance shafts, and instead each imbalance shaft can be activated independently via the associated motor. Therefore, both the rotational velocity and also the phase relation of each imbalance shaft can be set independently. The rotational velocity and the phase relation of each imbalance shaft can be changed individually. In addition to setting a positive or negative phase shift, the rotational directions of the two imbalance shafts can also be changed independently of one another. It is also possible to stop one of the two imbalance shafts while the other imbalance shaft rotates. A large number of exciter functions is enabled in this manner.
Electric or hydraulic motors are particularly suitable motors for the vibration exciter.
A variety of different operating modes with regard to vibration amplitude, vibration direction, and vibration type are fundamentally possible using the vibration exciter of the soil compaction machine according to the present invention. For example, the following operating modes can be executed using the vibration exciter of the soil compaction machine according to the present invention:
Operating mode 1: In operating mode 1, the first imbalance shaft runs at constant speed, while the second imbalance shaft is stationary or runs at most at half the speed of the first imbalance shaft. The result is a centrifugal amplitude, which revolves the vibration exciter circularly. Due to the substantially lower speed of the second imbalance shaft, its centrifugal force is so low that it has no noticeable influence on the movement behavior and in particular the exciter vibration of the entire vibration exciter. Since the centrifugal force is proportional to the square of the rotational velocity, the centrifugal force initiated by the second imbalance shaft or the imbalance mass arranged thereon corresponds to at most one-fourth of the centrifugal force of the first imbalance shaft. The slow rotation of the second imbalance shaft has the advantage that vibration bearings, in which the imbalance shafts are typically mounted, can build up a lubricant film and are thus not damaged by the vibration of the first imbalance shaft while stationary.
Operating mode 2: In operating mode 2, the first imbalance shaft runs at constant speed, while the second imbalance shaft follows in synchronous phase and with essentially identical speed in the same rotational direction, i.e., with the same sign of the rotational velocity. A centrifugal force amplitude which revolves circularly is thus created. The resulting amplitude is twice as high in this case as in operating mode 1.
Operating mode 3: In operating mode 3, the first imbalance shaft runs at constant speed, while the second imbalance shaft follows synchronously with the first imbalance shaft in the same rotational direction, i.e., with the same rotational velocity sign, but offset by a phase angle of 180°. Consequently, the centrifugal forces of the two imbalance shafts are precisely opposed during the entire operating time. Thus, no vibration movement results. If the two imbalance shafts are not arranged coaxially, but rather offset in parallel to one another, however, a changing oscillation torque results. This oscillation torque causes a rotational vibration of the vibration exciter.
Operating mode 4: In operating mode 4, the first imbalance shaft runs at constant speed, the second imbalance shaft runs in synchronous phase with the speed of the first imbalance shaft, but in the opposite direction. An oriented vibration (perpendicular to the plane of extension of the imbalance shafts) results, having the same maximum amplitude as in operating mode 2.
Operating mode 5: In operating mode 5, the first imbalance shaft runs at constant speed, while the second imbalance shaft runs synchronously with the first imbalance shaft, but in the opposite direction and with a phase rotated by 180°. An oriented vibration having the same maximum amplitude as in operating mode 4 results, the resulting vibration direction and in particular the vibration vector are rotated by 90°, however.
According to the present invention, in this case the drive device of the vibration exciter, being operationally linked to the two imbalance shafts, is implemented such that the rotational velocity of the first imbalance shaft and/or the rotational velocity of the second imbalance shaft is changeable between a positive and a negative rotational velocity. This switchover between a positive and a negative rotational velocity, the setting of a rotational velocity having the value equal to zero of course also being possible, thus enables a reversal of the rotation of the respective imbalance shaft, so that the two imbalance shafts can be set to run in the same direction, but also in opposite directions.
According to the present invention, any arbitrary intermediate setting between operating modes 4 and 5 can be set. In this case, a vibration oriented vertically to the ground enables a maximum compaction effect, wherein this compaction effect is successively reduced during a rotation of the vibration direction into the horizontal.
Any arbitrary other phase relation can also be set between the other operating modes described above. The effective compaction power can thus be adapted to the requirements. The resulting vibration is a combination in this case of circular (so-called non-oriented) vibration and oscillation.
In a special refinement, the first and the second motors of the vibration exciter have a first and a second drive shaft, respectively, which are operationally linked in each case via a gearing, in particular, a gear drive, to the first or the second imbalance shaft. In this manner, the position of the two imbalance shafts can be set very easily in conjunction with the respective motors, and a space-saving overall arrangement is obtained at the same time.
The first and the second drive shafts are preferably arranged coaxially to one another. In one embodiment, the two motors are additionally aligned on a shared axis, wherein they are preferably each arranged laterally to the two imbalance shafts extending in parallel. The drive shafts thus lie on a shared axis of symmetry, in relation to which the first and second imbalance shafts are arranged offset to the left and right in a plane. In this manner, the force transmission from the drive shaft to the respective associated imbalance shaft is can be implemented very simply by a gearwheel pair or similar gearing, wherein these gearwheels are arranged on the drive shaft and the respective imbalance shaft and mesh with one another.
The first and the second imbalance shafts are preferably arranged in relation to one another in the direction of their rotational axes such that the resulting centrifugal forces of the two imbalance shafts lie at least approximately in a shared plane. In the present context, “at least approximately in a shared plane” is to be understood as a deviation of the two planes by less than 100 millimeters, or a maximum of 5% of the total width in particular of the drum. In this manner, the loads acting on the vibration exciters are transferable very simply, in particular, in a vibration exciter housing.
The vibration exciter of the soil compaction machine according to the present invention preferably comprises at least one sensor device, which is implemented for detection of the angle position of the first and/or the second imbalance shaft. The angle position allows for direct conclusions to be drawn as to the present imbalance loads and in particular the direction thereof, wherein the sensor data are preferably transmitted to the positioning means, which can initiate appropriate steps for setting the respective operating mode therefrom and in particular can activate the respective motor in a specific manner. Thus, the phase relation can be concluded very easily as needed, for example, after the detection of the angle positions of the individual imbalance shafts and, if necessary, a phase adjustment can be performed. It is also possible to provide corresponding velocity sensors, which detect the velocity of the imbalance shafts either directly or via the angle position and the change thereof, and thus enable an inference about the respective operating modes.
In a further embodiment of the soil compaction machine, at least one auxiliary imbalance mass, which is rotatable about its axis of rotation, is arranged on the first imbalance shaft of the vibration exciter and/or at least one second auxiliary imbalance mass, which is rotatable about its axis of rotation, is arranged on the second imbalance shaft, wherein the first auxiliary imbalance mass is rotationally coupled via at least one first coupling element to the second imbalance shaft and the second auxiliary imbalance mass is rotationally coupled via at least one second coupling element to the first imbalance shaft, respectively. This means that during a rotation of the first imbalance shaft, the second auxiliary imbalance mass arranged on the second imbalance shaft also rotates in dependence on the first imbalance shaft, even if the second imbalance shaft is stationary. Vice versa, of course, the first auxiliary imbalance mass arranged on the first imbalance shaft rotates in dependence on the rotation of the second imbalance shaft.
The drive device assigned to the respective first and second imbalance shafts and, in particular, the respective first and second motors, thus drive further auxiliary imbalance masses, which are each arranged on the parallel shafts via suitable coupling elements. Such a design allows for easy setting of the vibration direction.
In this regard, at least one imbalance shaft and the auxiliary imbalance mass arranged thereon are preferably implemented such that the imbalance formed by at least one imbalance element of the imbalance shaft and the auxiliary imbalance formed by the auxiliary imbalance mass are of equal size. In such an embodiment, driving this one imbalance shaft is already sufficient to generate an oriented vibration. In this manner, a directional vibration can be generated by means of a single imbalance shaft.
The first and the second auxiliary imbalance masses are preferably implemented identically such that the auxiliary imbalances formed thereby on the respective imbalance shafts are of equal size. In particular, in conjunction with imbalance shafts which are also identical or are provided with identical imbalances, a vibration exciter having a very broad spectrum of settings and operating modes thus results.
The first coupling element preferably has at least one gearing element, comprising at least two gearwheels which are operationally linked to one another, in particular, meshing, namely a first drive gearwheel which is operationally linked to the first imbalance shaft, and at least one second output gearwheel, which is operationally linked to the second auxiliary imbalance mass, and/or the second coupling element has at least one gearing element, comprising at least two gearwheels which are operationally linked to one another and in particular meshing, namely a second drive gearwheel, which is operationally linked to the second imbalance shaft, and at least one first output gearwheel, which is operationally linked to the first auxiliary imbalance mass. A very simple and space-saving arrangement is achievable in this manner.
Of course, instead of the direct meshing between the two gearwheels, suitable similar or similarly acting gearing elements can be provided, which provide corresponding transmission ratios.
In a special embodiment, the first and/or the second auxiliary imbalance mass has at least one hollow cylinder shell, which is arranged on the associated imbalance shaft such that it at least partially encloses an imbalance element arranged thereon. The hollow cylinder shell can thus be mounted using its two U-legs on the imbalance shaft, for example, so that it rotates about the imbalance element of the imbalance shaft during a rotation. Instead of such a hollow cylinder shell, of course, the first and/or the second auxiliary imbalance mass can be implemented geometrically differently, wherein it is preferably always implemented so that it encloses the imbalance element arranged on the respective imbalance shaft or is arranged on the imbalance shaft so that it rotates around this imbalance element.
The present invention will be described in greater detail hereafter on the basis of three exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the drawings. In the schematic figures:
The same reference numerals are used hereafter for identical and identically acting elements, wherein sometimes apostrophes are applied for differentiation.
A first exemplary embodiment of a vibration exciter 6, as is provided in particular according to the present invention for one of the soil compaction machines shown in
Each of the two eccentric devices 13, 13′ has a first or second drive shaft 14, 14′, which is driven by the first or second motor 12, 12′, respectively, and also a first or second imbalance shaft 10, 10′ having a first or second imbalance mass 11, 11′, respectively, which extend parallel to one another and to the axis of rotation ARW of the roller drum 4. The two imbalance shafts 10, 10′ lie opposite to one another with respect to the rotation axis ARW of the roller drum 4 and at an equal distance thereto.
Firstly, the first eccentric device 13 will be described hereafter. The first drive shaft 14 is connected to the first motor 12, arranged outside the hollow interior space of the roller drum 4 on the first end side of the roller drum, and attached to one of the roller drum supports 2. Within the first axle stub 9, the first drive shaft 14 is mounted so it is rotatable coaxially thereto and is guided from the outside into the interior of the housing 32. The first drive shaft 14 is connected via a first gearing made of a first gearwheel pair 34, 36 to the first imbalance shaft 10 and is mounted via bearings 15 on the housing 32. The first imbalance shaft 10 can be set into rotational movement about its rotation axis AR1 by the first motor 12.
The second motor 12′ of the second eccentric device 13′ is connected to the second drive shaft 14′ and is arranged on the associated roller drum support 2 (not shown), in a mirror inverted manner with respect to the first motor 12, in front of the second end side of the roller drum 4. Inside the associated second axle stub 9′, the second drive shaft 14′ is mounted so it is rotatable coaxially thereto and is guided from the outside into the interior of the housing 32. The second drive shaft 14′ is connected via a second gearing made of a second gearwheel pair 34′, 36′ to the second imbalance shaft 10′ and is mounted via bearings 15′ on the housing 32. The second imbalance shaft 10′ can be set into rotational movement about its rotation axis AR2 by the second motor 12′.
The first and the second motors 12, 12′ enable the rotational velocity of the respective associated imbalance shaft 10, 10′, their rotational direction, and the phase relation to be set.
In the embodiment shown here, the imbalance masses 11, 11′ of the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ are of equal size, so that the resulting centrifugal forces F1 and F2 in the case of an identical rotational velocity are also of equal magnitude. The two imbalance shafts 10, 10′ are arranged in relation to one another along their rotational axes AR1 and AR2 such that the resulting centrifugal forces F1 and F2 at least approximately act in a plane E which extends along the line illustrated in
During a rotation of the two imbalance shafts 10, 10′ via the respective associated motors 12, 12′, operating modes 1 to 4, which were described above in detail, may be set very simply in spite of the very uncomplicated technical implementation of the vibration exciter 6.
For example, only the first imbalance shaft 10 can be actively driven via the first motor 12 or only the second imbalance shaft 10′ can be actively driven via the second motor 12′, while the respective other imbalance shaft is stopped. For example, if the first motor 12 is activated so that the first imbalance shaft 10 runs at a constant speed, while the second motor 12′ is stationary or only rotates at most at half of the speed of the first motor 12, the resulting centrifugal force F1 proportional to the first imbalance mass 11 and its rotational velocity result in a revolving exciter amplitude. Since the rotational velocity of the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ has an exponential influence on the exciter amplitude, in such an operating mode, the slow rotation of the second imbalance shaft 10′ is negligible. However, this slow rotation causes a lubrication of the bearing 33, which significantly lengthens the service life of the vibration exciter 6. The operating mode described here corresponds to operating mode 1 described above.
The magnitude and the direction of the resulting imbalance force of the vibration exciter 6 and the resulting torques according to operating mode 1 are illustrated in
In operating mode 2, in contrast, both motors 12, 12′ are operated at equal speed and in synchronous phase, so that a synchronous rotation of the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ at equal rotational velocity and in particular at a rotational velocity having the same sign results. In this manner, an exciter vibration results which revolves circularly, its amplitude being twice as large as in above-described operating mode 1. The resulting centrifugal forces F1 and F2 add up here. Operating mode 2 is illustrated in
In contrast, if the phase of the first or the second motor 12, 12′ is rotated by 180° at equal speeds of the first and second imbalance shafts 10, 10′, the resulting centrifugal forces F1 and F2 of the two imbalance shafts 10, 10′ extend in opposite directions during the rotation operation. An imbalance interference results and therefore no vibration amplitude. However, due to the distance of the two imbalance shafts from one another, an alternating oscillation torque results, which causes a rotational vibration of the vibration exciter. This operating mode is operating mode 3, which is shown in
In operating mode 4, as also already described, the first motor 12 is operated at constant speed, while the second motor 12′ is operated in synchronous phase and at a rotational velocity such that the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ rotate in opposite directions. In this manner, in the embodiment shown here, a vertically oriented vibration results having the same maximum amplitude as has already occurred in operating mode 2.
Rotation of the phase of the motors 12, 12′ by 180° results in a change of operating mode 4 into operating mode 5, generating an oriented vibration having the same maximum amplitude as in operating mode 4.
According to one aspect of the present invention, both a vector adjustment and also an amplitude adjustment of the exciter vibration can thus be carried out by appropriate activation of the two motors 12, 12′.
In addition, auxiliary imbalance masses 16, 16′, specifically a first auxiliary imbalance mass 16 and a second auxiliary imbalance mass 16′, are arranged on the imbalance shafts 10, 10′. These auxiliary imbalance masses 16, 16′ are implemented here as hollow bodies in the form of sectors of hollow cylinder shells, which are mounted rotationally using legs 38 on the respective imbalance shaft 10, 10′. The auxiliary imbalance masses 16, 16′ are shaped and arranged such that they can rotate about the first or second imbalance mass 11, 11′, without obstructing a rotation of the first or second imbalance mass 11, 11′, respectively.
The auxiliary imbalance masses 16, 16′ are rotationally coupled crosswise with the imbalance shafts 10, 10′. This means that the first auxiliary imbalance mass 16, which is arranged on the first imbalance shaft 10, is connected to the second imbalance shaft 10′. The second auxiliary imbalance mass 16′, which is mounted on the second imbalance shaft 10′, is connected to the first imbalance shaft 10. During a rotation of the first imbalance shaft 10, in addition to the first imbalance element 11, the second auxiliary imbalance mass 16′ also rotates. During a rotation of the second imbalance shaft 10′, the first auxiliary imbalance mass 16 rotates together with the second imbalance mass 11′.
For this purpose, corresponding first or second mechanical coupling elements 18, 18′ are provided, which transmit the respective rotational forces. The first coupling element 18 thus couples the first imbalance shaft 10 to the second auxiliary imbalance mass 16′ and the second coupling element 18′ couples the second imbalance shaft 10′ to the first auxiliary imbalance mass 16. The respective coupling elements 18, 18′ are again implemented here as a combination of drive gearwheels 17, 17′ and output gearwheels 19, 19′, which are meshed with one another.
In the embodiment illustrated here, the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ driven by the motors 12, 12′ thus drive, via the additional coupling elements 18, 18′, the respective auxiliary imbalance masses 16, 16′ arranged on the respectively other imbalance shaft 10, 10′. The imbalance masses 11, 11′ and auxiliary imbalance masses 16, 16′ which are arranged on each imbalance shaft 10, 10′ are of equal size in this embodiment, so that the total imbalances resulting in each case from them on each imbalance shaft 10, 10′ are of equal size. Thus, at equal rotational velocity, the imbalance mass 11 on the first imbalance shaft 10 causes equal imbalance U1 (with regard to absolute value) as the first auxiliary imbalance mass 16 (imbalance UZ1). Therefore, driving a single motor 12, 12′ or one imbalance shaft 10, 10′ is sufficient to generate an oriented vibration.
It is particularly advantageous to drive both motors 12, 12′ at equal speeds such that the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ rotate in opposite directions. The auxiliary imbalance masses 16, 16′ thus also rotate at the same speed as the imbalance masses 11, 11′ arranged fixedly on the imbalance shafts 10, 10′. The second auxiliary imbalance mass 16′ thus rotates synchronously with the second imbalance mass 11′. Also, the first auxiliary imbalance mass 16 rotates identically with the first imbalance mass 11. The total imbalance can be changed by a change of the phase relation (here, the angle between the first auxiliary imbalance mass 16 and the first imbalance mass 11, or between the second auxiliary imbalance mass 16′ and the second imbalance mass 11′). For particularly high speeds, for example, the total imbalance can be reduced to reduce loads on the vibration bearings.
In
{(U1+UZ1)+(U2+UZ2)},
and the smallest amplitude is defined by the ratio:
{(U1−UZ1)+(U2−UZ2)}.
If U and UZ are selected to be equal, the amplitude of the vibration can only be reduced to zero by changing the relative angle between the first motor 12 and the second motor 12′.
Two imbalances 11, 16 or 11′, 16′, whose relative positions can be changed in relation to one another, are thus located on each imbalance shaft 10, 10′. The imbalance can be set continuously from the maximum value down to zero. In the case of reduction of the imbalance, the bearings of the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ are relieved, so that higher speeds of the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ are possible. This is because the centrifugal forces of the individual imbalances U2 and UZ2 or U1 and UZ1 only act with their vector total on the associated bearing points. The mounting of the auxiliary imbalance masses 16, 16′ on the imbalance shafts 10 or 10′, respectively, is unproblematic, since only the adjustment movements are transmitted here. Independently of the vibration speed, only low relative velocities occur during a change of the phase relation.
In addition, a further operating mode is also possible using the second exemplary embodiment of the vibration exciter 6′. In this case, the motors 12, 12′ are driven such that the imbalance shafts 10, 10′ rotate in the same rotational direction and with the same sign of the respective rotational velocity. The first imbalance mass 11 thus rotates in the opposite direction to the first auxiliary imbalance mass 16 and the second imbalance mass 11′ rotates in the opposite direction to the second auxiliary imbalance mass 16′. At equal drive speed of the motors 12, 12′, an oriented vibration having constant vibration amplitude is generated. The vibration direction can be set freely by changing the phase relation between the motors 12, 12′.
In the third exemplary embodiment of the vibration exciter 6″ according to
The imbalance shafts 10, 39 or 10′, 39′ of each pair of imbalance shafts according to
While the present invention has been illustrated by description of various embodiments and while those embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of Applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such details. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. The present invention in its broader aspects is therefore not limited to the specific details and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of Applicants' invention.
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| 20150152606 A1 | Jun 2015 | US |
