The present application relates to drill string elements, components, tools, or other equipment arranged along the length of the drill string and/or within the bottom whole assembly of well drilling equipment. Still more particularly, the present application relates to vibration absorbing elements, components, tools, or other equipment. Still more particularly, the present application relates to a vibration mitigation tool particularly adapted to absorb axial, lateral, and/or torsional forces or vibrations from stick-slip, drill bit over-engagement, inconsistent weight transfer, and the like.
The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventor, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.
Drill strings include a large number of drill pipes connected end-to-end to form a drill string. At or near the distal or bottom end of the drill string, the drill string may be more robust and may be referred to as drill collar. This distal or bottom end may also include a bottom hole assembly. The bottom hole assembly or even portions of the drill string above the bottom hole assembly may include a variety of downhole tools including, for example, a drill bit, mud motors, rotary steering systems (RSS), measurement while drilling (MWD) systems and the like.
These tools, the overall drill string, and the bottom hole assembly may be subject to varying levels of shock and vibration generated by forces at the drill bit, mud motors, power section, stabilization, other bottom hole assembly components, well geometry, etc. Shock and vibration can negatively affect drilling efficiency. For example, the rate of penetration may be slower. As another example, the signals from measurements (e.g., MWD) may have bad quality. Still further, fatigue or wear on the downhole tools in the form of wear of the threaded connections, wear or damage of internal devices, poor directional control, and/or bit damage may also occur.
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of such embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all embodiments, nor delineate the scope of any or all embodiments.
In one or more examples, a vibration mitigation tool may include a mandrel portion and a sleeve portion arranged about the mandrel portion and configured to move longitudinally and rotationally relative to the mandrel portion. The tool may also include a spring stack configured to control compression on the vibration mitigation tool through compression of the spring stack and to control tension on the vibration mitigation tool through compression of the spring stack. The tool may also include a helical engagement between the mandrel portion and the sleeve portion.
In one or more examples, a vibration mitigation tool may include a mandrel portion and a sleeve portion arranged about the mandrel portion and configured to move longitudinally and rotationally relative to the mandrel portion. The mandrel portion and the sleeve portion, together, may form a lubrication chamber including a first or upper portion configured for lubricating a helical engagement, a second or central portion for lubricating a biasing mechanism, and a third or lower portion for interfacing with a pressure equalization chamber.
While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the invention. As will be realized, the various embodiments of the present disclosure are capable of modifications in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter that is regarded as forming the various embodiments of the present disclosure, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying Figures, in which:
The present application, in one or more embodiments, relates to a downhole vibration mitigation tool for a drill string in a wellbore. In particular, the tool comprises first and second sections that are longitudinally and rotationally moveable relative to one another where the relative motion is controlled by a spring stack and a helical engagement. The spring stack functions to absorb both tensile and compressive forces and the helical engagement ties the contraction and elongation of the tool to particular amounts of relative rotation. The tool absorbs vibrations from varying levels of shock and vibration generated by forces at the drill bit, mud motors, and/or other bottom hole assembly components, well geometry and the like. Thus, the tool helps to protect various aspects of the bottom hole assembly and drill string from wear and/or damage and provides for a more efficient well drilling process.
As shown, the drill string 52 may include a series of drill pipes connected end-to-end extending downward from the drill rig 50 into a wellbore in the ground. The drill string 52 may include a bottom hole assembly (BHA) 54 arranged at the tip of the string that includes drill bit, a steering system, one more measuring devices and the like. Upward from the drill bit may be a vibration mitigation tool 100 adapted to absorb axial, lateral, and/or torsional shocks and/or vibrations. While a particular arrangement of tools has been discussed, other arrangements may be provided where, for example, the particular order of tools behind the BHA is changed or modified.
Turning now to
The mandrel portion 102 or, more specifically, the central elongate mandrel portion may extend through a majority of the length of the tool 100 and may be configured for providing a stem upon and about which the biasing mechanism may be mounted and about which the sleeve portion 104 may be mounted. The sleeve portion 104 may articulate longitudinally and rotationally along and about the mandrel portion 102. As shown in
The proximal box end 110 may be arranged at the proximal end of the mandrel portion 102 and may be configured to receive a pin end of an upstream or up-string component along the drill string 52. The proximal box end 110 may be a generally tubular element with an outer cylindrical wall and an inner bore extending therethrough. The inner bore may include a various portions with various diameters adapted for engaging with up-string components or systems and may include internal threading for engaging those components. At a distal portion of the proximal box end 110, a length 118 of the proximal box end may have a smaller diameter to provide an outer recess for receiving the enclosure 116. Also at a distal portion of the proximal box end 110, the bore may have a larger diameter to provide an annular pocket 120 to receive a pin end of the lead screw 112. A threaded surface may be provided along the inner surface of the bore for engaging the pin end of the lead screw 112. In addition, one or more annular grooves 122 may be provided on the inner surface of the bore within the annular pocket 120 to hold and/or receive O-rings or other sealing elements to provide a seal between the proximal box end 110 and the lead screw 112. Alternatively, one or more annular grooves 122 for seals may be provided on an outside surface of the pin end of the lead screw 122. In one or more examples, grooves 122 may be provided on the inner surface of the bore and on the pin end of the lead screw.
The lead screw 112 may be secured to the distal end of the proximal box end 110 and may extend distally therefrom. The lead screw 112 may be configured to engage a distal end of the sleeve portion 104 in a manner that causes relative rotation of the mandrel portion 102 and the sleeve portion 104 when the two parts move longitudinally relative to one another or vice versa (e.g., cause longitudinal motion when the two parts rotate relative to one another). The lead screw 112 may be a generally tubular element with a cylindrical outer surface and a bore extending therethrough. At a distal end, the lead screw 112 may have a pin end sized and adapted for insertion into the annular pocket 120 of the proximal box end 110. Like the annular pocket 120, the outside surface of the pin end may include a threaded surface to engage the threads on an inner surface of the annular pocket 120 to secure the lead screw to the proximal box end 110. As mentioned, annular grooves for sealing may be provided on an outside surface of the pin end, on an inside surface of the annular pocket, or on both. For purposes of controlling the relative longitudinal and rotational motion of the mandrel portion 102 and the sleeve portion 104, the lead screw 112 may include a helical groove 124 extending along the cylindrical outer surface. As shown, multiple interlaced helical grooves may be provided. The helical groove 124 may extend from a location near the pin end distally toward a proximal end of the lead screw 112. The groove 124 may extend along all or a portion of the length of the lead screw 112. In one or more examples, the cross-sectional profile of the groove 124 may be generally square or rectangular or a trapezoidal profile or an inverted trapezoidal profile may be provided. Still other cross-sectional profiles may include rounded or U-shaped grooves, triangular or V-shaped grooves, or other geometrical shapes. The distal end of the lead screw 112 may include a slightly enlarged box end 126 having a diameter larger than the rest of the lead screw, which may form a shoulder 128. The box end 126 of the lead screw 112 may include an annular pocket for receiving the proximal end of the elongate stem or spring tube 114. The details of the engagement of the distal end of the lead screw 112 and the proximal end of the elongate stem or spring tube 114 may be the same or similar to the engagement of the proximal box end 110 and the lead screw 112. That is, the engagement may be a threaded engagement with one or more grooves for sealing elements to be placed therein. As also shown near the middle of
The elongate stem or spring tube 114 may extend distally from the lead screw 112 and may be configured to provide a central and longitudinally extending guide for the biasing mechanism 106. The spring tube 114 may also control the amount of longitudinal motion of the distal end of the biasing mechanism 106. The spring tube 114 may have a pin end that engages the distal box end 126 of the lead screw 112 and may include a generally tubular and elongate element having an outer cylindrical surface and an elongate bore extending therethrough. As shown in
The enclosure 116 on the mandrel portion 102 may be secured to the proximal box end 110 and may extend distally away from the proximal box end 110 to enclose the helical groove 124 on the lead screw 112. The enclosure 116 may be configured to enclose the helical engagement (e.g., the helical groove 124 and the engaging isolated spline segments discussed below) and maintain oil, grease, or other lubrication in and along the helical engagement and keep dirt, debris, or other external items out of the helical engagement. As shown, the enclosure 116 may threadably engage the outer recess on the distal end of the proximal box end 110 and may extend distally therefrom. The enclosure 116 may be a substantially tubular element having a cylindrical outer surface and a relatively larger inner bore. The inner bore may have a diameter selected to be larger than the outer diameter of the lead screw 112 to create an annular passage 140 to receive a spline body 144 of the sleeve portion 104. At or near the distal end of the enclosure 116, one or more grooves 138 may be provided to receive a sealing element for purposes of maintaining lubrication in the annular passage 140. In addition, a recess 142 in the inner bore of the enclosure 116 may be provided at or near the distal end to receive a bearing sleeve 171 (see
Turning now to the sleeve portion 104 of the tool 100, continued reference is made to
The spline body 144 is shown starting in
The spline body 144 may extend distally providing a cylindrical sealing surface for engagement by seals between the spline body 144 and the enclosure 116. The spline body 144 may extend beyond the enclosure 116 to an enlarged portion 162 that then gives way to a pin end 164 for securing to the central elongate housing 146. The pin end 164 may include threads for securing the central elongate housing 146 to the spline body 144. In addition, a groove 166 may be provided on the outside surface of the pin end 164 to receive a sealing element for sealing the chamber of the biasing mechanism arranged within the central elongate housing 146. In other examples, the groove for the sealing element may be on the inner surface of the central elongate housing 146 or grooves may be provided on both parts.
As shown in
With reference to
The housing 174 may include a proximal threaded end for threadably securing the equalizing assembly 148 to the elongate housing 146 and a distal threaded end for threadably securing the housing to the distal pin end 150 of the tool 100. The housing 174 may be a generally tubular element with an outer cylindrical surface and a bore extending therethrough. The outer diameter may be the same or similar to the outer diameter of the elongate housing 146 and the diameter of the inner bore may also be the same or similar to the inner diameter of the elongate housing 146. The housing 174 may include relatively large ports 180, such as bores, extending radially through the housing 174 and into an equalizing chamber 182 within the pressure equalizing assembly 148. The radially extending ports 180 may be arranged at or near the distal end of the housing 174. Smaller, plugged ports 184 may be arranged at the proximal end of the housing 174 for supplying a distal or lower portion 183 of the single lubrication chamber with oil or other lubrication after which the ports 184 may be plugged.
The wash pipe 176 may be configured to establish a radially inward boundary of the equalizing chamber 182 and the lower portion 183 of the single lubrication chamber. The wash pipe 176 may also be configured to provide drill fluid communication from the distal end of the mandrel 102 to the distal pin end 150 of the tool 100. The wash pipe 176 may be a generally cylindrical element with a cylindrical surface and a bore extending therethrough. The proximal end of the wash pipe 176 pipe may threadably engage an inside threaded surface of the distal end of the housing 174 and the distal end may sealingly engage the distal pin end 150. The wash pipe 176 may include one or more grooves 185 on an inside surface near the proximal end for receiving seals and for sealingly engaging the distal end of the mandrel 102. Proximal of the seal grooves 185, the pipe may include one or more passageways 186 that pass radially into the pipe wall from the outside surface and include a groove 188 extending longitudinally along the inside of the pipe wall to the proximal end. These passageways 186 and grooves establish fluid and pressure communication between the lower portion 183 of the single lubrication chamber and the stop ring 190 at the distal end of the biasing mechanism 106. Orifices or other openings may be provided in the stop ring 190 to allow fluid through the stop ring 190 and into the central portion 168 of the single lubrication chamber.
The floating divider element 178, shown in
The pin end 150 of the tool 100 may extend distally from the pressure equalizing assembly 148 and may be configured for securing the tool 100 to downstream or down string tubulars, tools, or equipment. The proximal end of the pin end 150 may include external threads for threadingly securing the pin end 150 to the housing 174 of the equalizing assembly 148. A groove may be provided on an inside or bore side surface of the proximal end of the pin end to receive a seal 181 and seal against the wash pipe 176 of the equalizing assembly 148. The distal end of the pin end 150 may be a tapered conical element with a threaded outer surface that is similar to pin ends of tubulars such as drill pipes and/or drill collar, for example.
With reference back to
As shown in
As mentioned, the tool 100 may have a single lubrication chamber made up of an upper portion 140, a central portion 168 and a lower portion 183. The single lubrication chamber may be filled via the fill ports 184. Filling the chamber may cause the lubrication to enter the lower portion 183, pass into the central portion 168, and then into the upper portion 140. Regarding flow of the lubrication between the lower portion 183 and the central portion 168, reference is made to
In operation and use, the tool 100 may provide for absorption of shock or vibration and, in particular, may provide for absorption of torsional shock or vibration in addition to longitudinal shock or vibration and/or lateral shock or vibration. The tool 100 may have a neutral condition and during absorption of shock may move to a compression position or a tension position.
A neutral position is shown in
A tension position of the tool 100 is shown in
A compression position of the tool 100 is shown in
It is to be appreciated from the description above that whether the tool 100 is in tension or compression, the primary spring 106A and the secondary spring 106B are compressed toward one another in both instances and, notably, are not compressed in a direction away from one another in either instance. This may be a relevant distinction between the present tool and some of the prior art tools available on the market.
It is also to be appreciated that while the helical groove 124 has been described as being present on the lead screw 112 and the spline blocks 154 have been described as being part of the spline body 144, an opposite approach could be used or grooves and spline segments or protrusions may be provided on both, for example. Still further, while seal grooves have been described as being on one side of a sealing interface, grooves may be provided on the opposite side of the interface or grooves on both sides may be provided.
As mentioned with respect to
The presently described tool 100 may be advantageous for a variety of reasons. In particular, the tool 100 may reduce stick-slip by mitigating axial, lateral, and/or torsional vibration and may absorb, for example, torque spikes caused by sudden reduction in drill bit rpm. More particularly, the spring stack may provide dual functions by absorbing both tension and compression forces as well as torque. That is, while a primary spring 106A and a secondary spring 106B are provided, the stack, as a whole, functions to absorb both tension and compression forces. The lubrication is advantageous in several ways by providing a single oil reservoir for lubricating both the helical engagement section and the spring stack portion. That is, the several portions of the single lubrication chamber including the upper portion or annular space 140, the central portion 168, and the lower portion 183 may all be in fluid communication with one another to form a single lubrication chamber, which can make it very straight forward to perform maintenance on the tool such as by changing the lubrication fluid. Still further, the entire oil chamber including the upper portion 140, the central portion 168, and the lower portion 183 may be hydrostatically balanced with the wellbore pressures due to the pressure equalizing assembly 148, which provides an equalization chamber 182 and floating divider 178 separating the equalization chamber from the lower portion 183. The helical grooves 124 in the lead screw 112 are also advantageous as having a strong square or rectangular cross-section for an efficient transfer of torque and less frictional resistance. Still another advantage is the increased control of the depth of cut/engagement of the drill bit using the present tool. That is, the tool may allow for the drill bit to softly land on the hole bottom and improve cutting engagement. Still other advantages will be appreciated by those of skill in the art.
As used herein, the terms “substantially” or “generally” refer to the complete or nearly complete extent or degree of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result. For example, an object that is “substantially” or “generally” enclosed would mean that the object is either completely enclosed or nearly completely enclosed. The exact allowable degree of deviation from absolute completeness may in some cases depend on the specific context. However, generally speaking, the nearness of completion will be so as to have generally the same overall result as if absolute and total completion were obtained. The use of “substantially” or “generally” is equally applicable when used in a negative connotation to refer to the complete or near complete lack of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result. For example, an element, combination, embodiment, or composition that is “substantially free of” or “generally free of” an element may still actually contain such element as long as there is generally no significant effect thereof.
To aid the Patent Office and any readers of any patent issued on this application in interpreting the claims appended hereto, applicants wish to note that they do not intend any of the appended claims or claim elements to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) unless the words “means for” or “step for” are explicitly used in the particular claim.
Additionally, as used herein, the phrase “at least one of [X] and [Y],” where X and Y are different components that may be included in an embodiment of the present disclosure, means that the embodiment could include component X without component Y, the embodiment could include the component Y without component X, or the embodiment could include both components X and Y. Similarly, when used with respect to three or more components, such as “at least one of [X], [Y], and [Z],” the phrase means that the embodiment could include any one of the three or more components, any combination or sub-combination of any of the components, or all of the components.
In the foregoing description various embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for the purpose of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The various embodiments were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principals of the disclosure and their practical application, and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the present disclosure as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.