Patent Application
20190085937
The present invention relates to a vibration reduction device. Particularly, the present invention relates to improvement in a device for reducing vibrations caused by a reciprocating movement of a piston in a reciprocating engine.
Traditionally, there has been proposed a vibration reduction device for reducing vibrations caused by a reciprocating movement of a piston in a reciprocating engine. For example, Patent Literature 1 (hereinafter, referred to as PTL 1) discloses a configuration in which counterweights are provided at front and rear ends of a crankshaft and an eccentric rotation weight, which is driven by a motor, is disposed rearward of the rear end of the crankshaft, for the purpose of reducing an unbalanced moment of an engine.
PTL 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. S60-234146 (1985)
However, the vibration reduction device disclosed in PTL 1 includes the motor and the eccentric rotation weight, which are disposed rearward of the rear end of the crankshaft. Therefore, the crankshaft is likely to be long in its longitudinal direction when viewed in the entire device including the engine and the vibration reduction device. In addition, PTL 1 does not concretely disclose settings specified as to, e.g., masses of the counterweight and the eccentric rotation weight. Thus, the vibration reduction device disclosed in PTL 1 lacks practicality.
The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and has an object to provide a vibration reduction device with high practicality.
In order to attain the object, a solution according to one aspect of the present invention provides a vibration reduction device including: a counterweight provided to a crankshaft driven by a reciprocating movement of a piston of a reciprocating engine; and a balancer including a balance shaft driven independently from the crankshaft and a balance weight that is provided to the balance shaft and is integrally rotatable with the balance shaft. This vibration reduction device is configured such that a center line of the balance shaft and a center line of the crankshaft are substantially in parallel to each other, and a virtual plane including the center lines is substantially perpendicular to a center line of the piston.
According to the one aspect of the present invention, centrifugal forces generated by rotation of the counterweight and rotation of the balance weight occur in a direction for cancelling an inertial force generated by the reciprocating movement of the piston (an inertial force in a direction of the reciprocating movement of the piston). Consequently, it is possible to reduce vibrations in the reciprocating engine. In addition, this vibration reduction device is configured such that a center line of the balance shaft and a center line of the crankshaft are substantially in parallel to each other, and a virtual plane including the center lines is substantially perpendicular to a center line of the piston. Consequently, a length of the crankshaft in its longitudinal direction, viewed in the entire device including the reciprocating engine and the vibration reduction device, can be made shorter (i.e., shorter than that disclosed in PTL 1). Thus, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device.
A solution according to another aspect of the present invention provides a vibration reduction device including: a counterweight provided to a crankshaft driven by a reciprocating movement of a piston of a reciprocating engine; and a balancer including a balance shaft driven independently from the crankshaft and a balance weight that is provided to the balance shaft and is integrally rotatable with the balance shaft. For this vibration reduction device, an inertial force (=mass×radius of rotation (e.g., radius of rotation about center of gravity of counterweight)) of the counterweight is set at approximately a half of a combined inertial force of the piston. In addition, this vibration reduction device is configured such that a mass of the balance weight is set so that the following formula is established: inertial force of balance weight×L2=½×combined inertial force of piston×L1, where L1 denotes a distance between a vibration reduction target position and a rotation center of the crankshaft and L2 denotes a distance between the vibration reduction target position and a rotation center of the balance weight.
In the present invention, a rotation rate of the crankshaft and a rotation rate of the balance shaft are identical to each other (synchronous rotation), so that the above formula is established. Also according to this aspect of the present invention, centrifugal forces generated by rotation of the counterweight and rotation of the balance weight occur in a direction for cancelling an inertial force generated by the reciprocating movement of the piston. Consequently, it is possible to reduce vibrations in the reciprocating engine. Furthermore, since the inertial force of the counterweight (=mass×radius of rotation), the inertial force of the balance weight (the inertial force specified by the above formula (=mass×radius of rotation)), the distance between the vibration reduction target position and the rotation center of the crankshaft, and the distance between the vibration reduction target position and the rotation center of the balance weight are specified, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device.
A direction of the reciprocating movement of the piston is preferably a horizontal direction, and the balancer is preferably attached to an upper surface of a crankcase in which the crankshaft is accommodated.
With this configuration, vibrations in the reciprocating engine can be reduced. Not only this, the position of the rotation center of the balance weight can be set to be upwardly away from the vibration reduction target position by a predetermined distance. Thus, by setting this distance longer, the balance weight can be made lightweight. In addition, a work for attaching the vibration reduction device to the crankcase is performed from above. Thus, this work can be performed with fine workability.
The balancer preferably includes two balancers disposed on two opposed sides of the crankshaft, respectively, such that the crankshaft is interposed between the two balancers, the two balancers being driven independently from each other, a rotational direction of a balance weight of one of the two balancers being set to be opposite to a rotational direction of the crankshaft, a rotational direction of a balance weight of the other of the two balancers being set to be identical to the rotational direction of the crankshaft.
With this configuration, the balance weights of the balancers can be made lightweight. Consequently, it is easier to handle the balancers, thereby making it possible to simplify a structure for attaching the balancers to the reciprocating engine.
In addition, a rotational power source of the balance shaft and the balance weight in the balancer is an electric motor. Furthermore, the crankshaft is connected to an electricity generator configured to generate electricity by making use of rotation of the crankshaft. Moreover, part of the electricity generated by the electricity generator can be supplied to the electric motor.
According to this configuration, the power source of the electric motor is electricity generated by making use of driving power of the reciprocating engine. Thus, the need for a separate power source (e.g., a commercial power source) is eliminated. Namely, it is possible to generate electricity with use of driving power of the reciprocating engine and to reduce vibrations in the reciprocating engine.
In addition, the reciprocating engine includes a cylinder in which a first piston and a second piston are accommodated, and the first piston and the second piston are configured to perform individual reciprocating movements in the cylinder. Furthermore, rotation of the balance weight is preferably controlled to generate a centrifugal force in a direction for cancelling a resultant force of an inertial force caused by the reciprocating movement of the first piston and an inertial force caused by the reciprocating movement of the second piston.
According to this configuration, it is possible to reduce, in a reciprocating engine in which a first piston and a second piston are accommodated in a single cylinder, vibrations caused by reciprocating movements of these pistons.
The present invention concretely specifies, for a vibration reduction device for reducing vibrations caused by a reciprocating movement of a piston in a reciprocating engine, a position of a balance shaft or masses and dimensions of components of the vibration reduction device. Consequently, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device.
Next, with reference to the drawings, the following will describe a plurality of embodiments of the present invention.
Firstly, a first embodiment will be described. The present embodiment will discuss a case where the present invention is applied to a Stirling engine including a single cylinder in which a displacer piston and a power piston perform individual reciprocating movements in a top-and-bottom direction.
—Schematic Configuration of Stirling Engine—
Prior to description of a vibration reduction device, which is a feature of the present embodiment, a schematic configuration of a Stirling engine will be described.
Below the cylinder 11, a crankcase 15 is disposed. The crankcase 15 includes, in its inside, a crankshaft 14. The displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 are connected to the crankshaft 14. Specifically, the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 are connected to the crankshaft 14 with their respective phases being shifted from each other by a predetermined angle (e.g., 90° around the crankshaft 14) (i.e., with a position at which the displacer piston 12 is connected to the crankshaft 14 via a rod and a position at which the power piston 13 is connected to the crankshaft 14 via the rod being shifted from each other by the predetermined angle in a rotational direction of the crankshaft 14) via a Scotch-yoke mechanism (not illustrated).
In addition, the crankshaft 14 has one end (the right end in
The cylinder 11 is connected to a heater 41 in which a working gas (e.g., a helium gas) flows. The heater 41 has one end communicating with the expansion space 11a. The heater 41 has the other end communicating with a regenerator 42. The regenerator 42 communicates with a cooler 43. The cooler 43 communicates with the compression space 11b. The heater 41 receives heat such as factory exhaust heat and/or heat from biomass combustion, and heats the working gas with the heat thus received. Meanwhile, a coolant flows inside the cooler 43 such that the coolant can exchange heat with the working gas. As a result of the heat exchange, the working gas is cooled.
The regenerator 42 and the cooler 43 are disposed to an outer periphery of the cylinder 11. The regenerator 42 includes a circular cylinder that is concentric with the cylinder 11 but is different in diameter from the cylinder 11. In a space between the circular cylinder and the cylinder 11, a matrix material that is a wire net made of, e.g., austenite stainless steel or brass is filled. The working gas passes through the matrix material, and then flows into the heater 41 or the cooler 43. The working gas absorbs heat from the matrix material when the working gas passes through the regenerator 42 on the way from the cooler 43 to the heater 41. Meanwhile, the working gas transmits heat to the matrix material when the working gas passes through the regenerator 42 on the way from the heater 41 to the cooler 43.
With such a configuration, in the Stirling engine 1, the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 perform reciprocating movements according to the volume change of the working gas caused by expansion of the working gas in the expansion space 11a or compression of the working gas in the compression space 11b. Consequently, the crankshaft 14 is rotatably driven. Then, the rotation force of the crankshaft 14 is transmitted to the electricity generator 2, so that the electricity generator 2 generates electricity. At the time of starting the Stirling engine 1, the electricity generator 2 is used as an electric motor for rotating the crankshaft 14.
—Configuration of Vibration Reduction Device—
Next, the following will describe a configuration of a vibration reduction device 5, which is a feature of the present embodiment. The vibration reduction device 5 reduces vibrations caused by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13. Particularly, the vibration reduction device 5 reduces vibrations generated in a direction of the reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 (in the present embodiment, a top-and-bottom direction).
The vibration reduction device 5 includes a counterweight 6 attached to the crankshaft 14 and the electric balancer 7.
The counterweight 6 is a weight integrally formed with the crankshaft 14 at a position deviated from the center line O1 of the crankshaft 14. In the present embodiment, an inertial force (=mass×radius of rotation) of the counterweight 6 is set at approximately a half of a combined inertial force of the pistons 12 and 13. For example, provided that a mass of each of the pistons 12 and 13 is 20 kg, strokes of the pistons 12 and 13 are identical to each other, a phase difference between the pistons 12 and 13 is 90°, a mass of the counterweight 6 is set at approximately 14 kg (=½×20×√2). These values are not limited to those indicated above.
A position at which the counterweight 6 is disposed is set at a position allowing the counterweight 6 to generate a centrifugal force in a direction for cancelling inertial forces caused by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 (i.e., a resultant force of inertial forces of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 in the direction of their reciprocating movements, that is, a resultant force of the inertial forces of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13).
Specifically, provided that the masses of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 are identical to each other, the strokes of the pistons 12 and 13 are identical to each other, and a phase difference between the pistons 12 and 13 (a phase difference in the rotational direction between the positions at which the pistons 12 and 13 are respectively connected to the crankshaft 14) is 90°, the position at which the counterweight 6 is disposed is set to be opposite to a position intermediate of the phase difference (i.e., opposite to a position having a phase shifted by 45° from the displacer piston 12 and from the power piston 13). Namely, as illustrated in
Next, the following will describe the electric balancer 7. The electric balancer 7 is driven independently from the crankshaft 14, and is attached to a side surface (the right side surface in
The balancer case 71 is a metal case shaped in a substantial rectangular parallelepiped, and has one surface to which a flange 71a is attached. The flange 71a is detachably attached to a side surface of the crankcase 15 via a fixing means such as a bolt. Namely, the electric balancer 7 according to the present embodiment is post-attachable to the Stirling engine 1. As illustrated in
The balance shaft 72 is rotatably supported at the support holes 71b in the balancer case 71 via radial bearings 72a. The balance shaft 72 has one end (the left side in
The balance weight 73 is a stack of a plurality of weight plates 73a. Each of the weight plates 73a is made of a flat, metallic plate material having a support ring portion 73b (see
In the present embodiment, a mass of the balance weight 73 made of the stack of the plurality of weight plates 73a is set so that the following formula regarding the inertial force of the balance weight 73 is established.
Inertial force of balance weight×L2=½×combined inertial force of pistons×L1 (1)
In this formula, L1 denotes a distance between the center line (rotation center) O1 of the crankshaft 14 and a floor surface that is a vibration reduction target position. L2 denotes a distance between a center line (rotation center of the balance weight) O2 of the balance shaft 72 and the floor surface that is the vibration reduction target position. In the present embodiment, these distances L1 and L2 are identical to each other. Configurations in which these distances L1 and L2 are different from each other will be described in the later-described second embodiment.
In addition, as illustrated in
The electric motor 74 is an alternating current motor such as an induction motor or a synchronous motor. As described above, the output shaft of the electric motor 74 is connected to the balance shaft 72 so that the output shaft and the balance shaft 72 are integrally rotatable. With this configuration, upon actuation of the electric motor 74, the balance shaft 72 and the balance weight 73 rotate in the balancer case 71 at a speed identical to a rotational speed (rotational angular speed) of the electric motor 74. Thus, the output shaft of the electric motor 74 is directly connected to the balance shaft 72. This eliminates the need for components such as a speed reducer, whereby a simpler configuration and downsizing of the electric balancer 7 can be achieved.
The rotational direction, the rotational speed, and the rotational phase of the balance shaft 72 and the balance weight 73 are adjustable by a rotation instruction signal outputted from the balancer controller 8 to the electric motor 74. Specifically, the balance shaft 72 and the balance weight 73 rotate in a direction (a counterclockwise direction in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
—Vibration Reduction Control—
Next, the following will describe control for vibration reduction that is to be performed by the vibration reduction device 5 having the above-described configuration. This control is performed on the electric motor 74 (i.e., control according to a rotation instruction signal outputted to the electric motor 74) for reducing vibrations generated in the direction of the reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13.
First, prior to the first start of the vibration reduction device 5, a relation between a rotational phase of the output shaft of the electric motor 74 and a rotational phase of the balance weight 73 needs to be worked out. Then, a rotational phase of the balance weight 73 obtained as a result of control of the electric motor 74 needs to be set at a position with which the balance weight 73 generates a centrifugal force in a direction for cancelling an inertial force (a resultant force of inertial forces of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13) caused by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13. Namely, if there is a deviation between the rotational phase of the output shaft of the electric motor 74 and the rotational phase of the balance weight 73, it is necessary to set the balancer controller 8 so that the balancer controller 8 outputs a rotation instruction signal in which the deviation is taken into consideration.
For this reason, prior to the first start of the vibration reduction device 5, an output signal from the rotational position detection sensor 72c is inputted to the balancer controller 8. Based on this, the rotational phase of the balance weight 73 is detected, so that the amount of the deviation is figured out. Then, the rotation instruction signal is corrected for the amount of the deviation, and the signal thus corrected is outputted to the electric motor 74.
Thereafter, while the Stirling engine 1 is operating, as illustrated in
The balancer controller 8 outputs, to the electric motor 74, a rotation instruction signal for causing the balance shaft 72 to rotate so that a centrifugal force for cancelling inertial forces generated by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 (i.e., a resultant force of the inertial forces of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13) is generated by rotation of the balance weight 73. More specifically, according to the rotational phase of the crankshaft rotor 14a obtained from the output signal from the rotational position detection sensor 14b, feedback control of the electric motor 74 (feedback control of the rotation instruction signal) is performed.
As described above, the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 are connected to the crankshaft 14 with their phases shifted from each other by a predetermined angle (for example, 90° around the crankshaft 14). Therefore, the vibration waveform resulting from the reciprocating movement of the displacer piston 12 (indicated by the alternate long and short dashes line) and the vibration waveform resulting from the reciprocating movement of the power piston 13 (indicated by the alternate long and two short dashes line) appear as waveforms whose phases are shifted from each other by the predetermined angle. To the synthesized waveform (indicated by the broken line) of these vibration waveforms, the vibration reduction device 5 generates a vibration waveform (indicated by the solid line) having an opposite phase to the synthesized waveform (i.e., as a result of the feedback control of the rotation instruction signal, the vibration reduction device 5 generates the vibration waveform having the opposite phase). Consequently, it is possible to significantly reduce vibrations in the direction (top-and-bottom direction) of the reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 in the Stirling engine 1.
The balance shaft 72 and the balance weight 73 rotate in a direction opposite to a rotational direction of the crankshaft 14. Namely, the balance shaft 72 and the balance weight 73 rotate in a direction opposite to a rotational direction of the counterweight 6. In addition, the counterweight 6 and the balance weight 73 are disposed in respective positions (phases) in which the counterweight 6 and the balance weight 73 generate centrifugal forces for cancelling inertial forces generated by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13. Thus, when viewed in a direction (horizontal direction) orthogonal to the direction of the reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13, the phases of the counterweight 6 and the balance weight 73 are opposite to each other. Namely, when the counterweight 6 is positioned at the right side (90° after top dead center) in
The comparative example shown in
Meanwhile, the configuration of the present embodiment illustrated in
As described above, according to the present embodiment, centrifugal forces generated by rotation of the counterweight 6 and rotation of the balance weight 73 occur in a direction for cancelling inertial forces generated by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13. Consequently, it is possible to significantly reduce vibrations in the direction (top-and-bottom direction) of the reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 in the Stirling engine 1.
Furthermore, as described above, according to the present embodiment, the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 and the center line O1 of the crankshaft 14 are substantially in parallel to each other, and the virtual plane including the center lines O1 and O2 is substantially perpendicular to the center line O3 of the pistons 12 and 13. Consequently, a length of the crankshaft 14 in its longitudinal direction, viewed in the entire device including the Stirling engine 1 and the vibration reduction device 5, can be made shorter (i.e., shorter than that disclosed in PTL 1). Thus, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device 5.
Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to a Stirling engine 1 including a single cylinder in which a displacer piston 12 and a power piston 13 perform individual reciprocating movements in a horizontal direction. Except for those described above, the configuration and operation of the present embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment described above. Thus, the description here mainly deals with differences between the present embodiment and the first embodiment.
An electric balancer 7 of the present embodiment is attached to an upper surface of a crankcase 15.
Also in the present embodiment, an inertial force (=mass×radius of rotation) of the counterweight 6 is set at approximately a half of a combined inertial force of the pistons 12 and 13. In addition, a position at which the counterweight 6 is disposed is set at a position at which the counterweight 6 generates a centrifugal force in a direction for cancelling inertial forces generated by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13.
A center line O2 of a balance shaft 72 of the electric balancer 7 is located vertically above a center line O1 of the crankshaft 14 and is in parallel to the center line O1 of the crankshaft 14. The center line O1 of the crankshaft 14 extends in a direction orthogonal to a direction (horizontal direction) of the reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13. Thus, the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 extends in a direction in parallel to a horizontal direction orthogonal to the direction of the reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13. Consequently, the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 and the center line O1 of the crankshaft 14 are substantially in parallel to each other, and a virtual plane including the center lines O1 and O2 is substantially perpendicular to a center line O3 of the pistons 12 and 13. A position (viewed in a direction along the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72) at which the balance weight 73 is assembled to the balance shaft 72 is set on a virtual plane in which a center of gravity G1 of the balance weight 73 is orthogonal to the center line O1 of the crankshaft 14 and which includes the center line O3 of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13.
In addition, as a feature of the balance weight 73 of the present embodiment, a mass of the balance weight 73 is set so that the following formula regarding an inertial force of the balance weight 73 is established, in a similar manner to the first embodiment.
Inertial force of balance weight×L2=½×combined inertial force of pistons×L1 (1)
L1 denotes a distance between the center line O1 of the crankshaft 14 and a floor surface that is a vibration reduction target position. L2 denotes a distance between the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 and the floor surface that is the vibration reduction target position.
The inertial force of the balance weight 73 is determined according to the formula (1) as above. Therefore, for example, provided that the distance L2 between the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 and the floor surface is twice the distance L1 between the center line O1 of the crankshaft 14 and the floor surface, the inertial force of the balance weight 73 is approximately one fourth of the combined inertial force of the pistons.
Except for those described above, the configuration and operation of the present embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment described above.
According to the present embodiment, the inertial force of the counterweight 6 is set at approximately a half of the combined inertial force of the pistons 12 and 13, as described above. In addition, the inertial force of the balance weight 73, the distance L1 between the center line O1 of the crankshaft 14 and the floor surface, and the distance L2 between the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 and the floor surface are defined so that the formula (1) described above is established. Consequently, in a similar manner to the first embodiment, centrifugal forces generated by rotation of the counterweight 6 and rotation of the balance weight 73 occur in a direction for cancelling inertial forces generated by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13. Thus, it is possible to significantly reduce vibrations in the direction (horizontal direction) of the reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 in the Stirling engine 1. Furthermore, it is possible to concretely specify inertial forces and dimensions of components of the vibration reduction device 5 according to the formula (1) described above. Thus, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device 5. Moreover, according to the formula (1), it is possible to optimize the distance L2 between the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 and the floor surface. This makes it possible to suppress or reduce a moment caused by rotation of the balance weight 73, thereby enabling stable operation of the Stirling engine 1.
Furthermore, according to the formula (1) described above, a position of a rotation center (the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72) of the balance weight 73 is set to be upwardly away from the floor surface, which is the vibration reduction target position, by a predetermined distance (L2 described above). By setting this distance longer, the balance weight 73 can be made lightweight. In addition, a work for attaching the vibration reduction device 5 to the crankcase 15 is performed from above. Thus, this work can be performed with fine workability.
Moreover, also in the present embodiment, a length of the crankshaft 14 in its longitudinal direction, viewed in the entire device including the Stirling engine 1 and the vibration reduction device 5, can be made further shorter. Thus, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device 5.
Next, a third embodiment will be described. The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the number of electric balancers. Except for those described above, the configuration and operation of the present embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment described above. Thus, the description here also mainly deals with differences between the present embodiment and the first embodiment.
The vibration reduction device 5 according to the present embodiment includes two electric balancers 7A and 7B. The electric balancers 7A and 7B are respectively attached to two side surfaces of the crankcase 15 on the right and left sides. Each of the electric balancers 7A and 7B has a configuration similar to that of the first embodiment. Specifically, balance weights 73 of the electric balancers 7A and 7B are rotatable independently from each other by their respective electric motors.
In the present embodiment, the first electric balancer 7A, which is one of the two electric balancers, rotates in a direction (a counterclockwise direction in
In the present embodiment, inertial forces of the balance weights 73 of the electric balancers 7A and 7B are set so that the following formula is established.
Inertial force of one balance weight×L2=¼×combined inertial force of pistons×L1 (2)
In a case where the sum of the inertial forces of the balance weights 73 is assumed as one inertial force, the formula (1) described above is established.
The electric balancers 7A and 7B are controlled individually. Specifically, electric motors of the electric balancers 7A and 7B are supplied with a rotation instruction signal for rotating balance shafts 72 so that centrifugal forces for cancelling inertial forces generated by reciprocating movements of the displacer piston 12 and the power piston 13 are generated by rotation of the balance weights 73. Namely, feedback control of the electric motors 74 is performed so that the balance weights 73 are located at positions at which phases of the balance weights 73 are opposite to a rotational phase of a crankshaft rotor obtained from an output signal from a rotational position detection sensor.
Also in the present embodiment, similar effects to those in the first embodiment can be achieved.
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. As illustrated in
Also in the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce vibrations (vibrations in a top-and-bottom direction) caused by rotation of the balance weights 73 in the Stirling engine 1, in a similar manner to the third embodiment.
Next, a fifth embodiment will be described. The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in a power source of an electric balancer 7. Except for those described above, the configuration and operation of the present embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment described above. Thus, the description here also mainly deals with differences between the present embodiment and the first embodiment.
According to the present embodiment, the power source of the electric motor 74 of the electric balancer 7 is electricity generated with use of driving power of the Stirling engine 1. Thus, the need for a separate power source (e.g., a commercial power source) is eliminated. Namely, it is possible to generate electricity by use of driving power of the Stirling engine 1 and to reduce vibrations in the Stirling engine 1.
Note that the configuration of the present embodiment (the configuration in which the electricity generator 2 is used as the power source of the electric balancer 7) is applicable also to the second, third, and fourth embodiments.
Next, a sixth embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to an electricity generating system including a plurality of Stirling engines 1 and a plurality of electricity generators 2.
For the vibration reduction devices 5A, 5B, and 5C, balancer controllers 8A, 8B, and 8C and electric motor amplifiers 81A, 81B, and 81C are provided, respectively. Thus, electric motors of the first, second, and third vibration reduction devices 5A, 5B, and 5C are controlled individually. The electricity generating system according to the present embodiment is configured as above so that, in a case where there is a difference in power generation amount between the first to third electricity generators, vibrations caused by operation of the Stirling engines 1A, 1B, and 1C can be reduced individually according to the power generation amounts. Note that, in
With the configuration of the present embodiment, each of the Stirling engines 1A, 1B, and 1C can achieve similar effects to those in the embodiments described above.
Note that any of the configurations (the configurations of the Stirling engines 1 and the vibration reduction devices 5) of the first, third, fourth, and fifth embodiments is also applicable to the electricity generating system according to the present embodiment.
Next, a seventh embodiment will be described. The present embodiment will discuss a case where the present invention is applied to an internal combustion engine (e.g., a diesel engine) including a single cylinder in which a single piston performs a reciprocating movement in a top-and-bottom direction.
As illustrated in
The present embodiment also includes the vibration reduction device 5 including, in a similar manner to that of the first embodiment, a counterweight 6 attached to the crankshaft 114 and an electric balancer 7.
The counterweight 6 of the present embodiment is also a weight integrally formed with the crankshaft 114 at a position deviated from the center line O1 of the crankshaft 114. An inertial force (=mass×radius of rotation) of the counterweight 6 is set at approximately a half of an inertial force of the piston 112.
The reciprocating engine of the present embodiment is the internal combustion engine 101 including the single piston 112. Therefore, a position at which the counterweight 6 is disposed is set at a position opposite to (i.e., a position shifted in phase by 180° from) the position at which the connecting rod 113 is connected to the crankshaft 114. Thus, the counterweight 6 is configured to generate a centrifugal force in a direction for cancelling an inertial force generated by a reciprocating movement of the piston 112.
Except for those described above, the configuration and operation of the present embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment described above.
Also in the present embodiment, centrifugal forces generated by rotation of the counterweight 6 and rotation of the balance weight 73 occur in a direction for cancelling an inertial force generated by a reciprocating movement of the piston 112. Consequently, it is possible to significantly reduce vibrations in a direction (top-and-bottom direction) of the reciprocating movement of the piston 112 in the internal combustion engine 101.
In addition, also in the present embodiment, a center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 and a center line O1 of the crankshaft 114 are substantially in parallel to each other, and a virtual plane including the center lines O1 and O2 is substantially perpendicular to a center line O3 of the piston 112. Consequently, a length of the crankshaft 114 in its longitudinal direction, viewed in the entire device including the internal combustion engine 101 and the vibration reduction device 5, can be made shorter. Thus, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device 5.
Next, an eighth embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to an internal combustion engine 101 including a single cylinder in which a piston 112 performs a reciprocating movement in a horizontal direction. Except for those described above, the configuration and operation of the present embodiment are similar to those of the second and seventh embodiments described above. Thus, the description here mainly deals with differences between the present embodiment and the first and seventh embodiments.
An electric balancer 7 of the present embodiment is attached to an upper surface of a crankcase 15.
Specifically, also in the present embodiment, an inertial force (=mass×radius of rotation) of a counterweight 6 is set at approximately a half of a combined inertial force of the piston 112.
A center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 of the electric balancer 7 is located vertically above a center line O1 of the crankshaft 114 and is in parallel to the center line O1 of the crankshaft 114. The center line O1 of the crankshaft 114 extends in a direction orthogonal to a direction (horizontal direction) of the reciprocating movement of the piston 112. Thus, the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 extends in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the direction of the reciprocating movement of the piston 112. Consequently, the center line O2 of the balance shaft 72 and the center line O1 of the crankshaft 114 are substantially in parallel to each other, and a virtual plane including the center lines O1 and O2 is substantially orthogonal to a center line O3 of the piston 112. A position at which the balance weight 73 is assembled to the balance shaft 72 is set on a virtual plane in which a center of gravity G1 of the balance weight 73 is orthogonal to the center line O1 of the crankshaft 114 and which includes the center line O3 of the piston 112.
An inertial force of the balance weight 73 is also set so that the formula (1) described above is established. Except for those described above, the configuration and operation of the present embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment described above.
Also with the configuration of the present embodiment, centrifugal forces generated by rotation of the counterweight 6 and rotation of the balance weight 73 occur in a direction for cancelling an inertial force generated by a reciprocating movement of the piston 112. Consequently, it is possible to significantly reduce vibrations in a direction (horizontal direction) of the reciprocating movement of the piston 112 in the internal combustion engine 101. Furthermore, it is possible to concretely specify inertial forces and dimensions of components of the vibration reduction device 5 according to the formula (1) described above. Thus, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device 5.
Moreover, a length of the crankshaft 114 in its longitudinal direction, viewed in the entire device including the internal combustion engine 101 and the vibration reduction device 5, can be made shorter. Thus, it is possible to enhance the practicality of the vibration reduction device 5.
Note that the configuration as those of the seventh and eighth embodiments, in which the reciprocating engine is the internal combustion engine 101, is applicable also to any of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth embodiments.
Next, a ninth embodiment will be described. The present embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in a configuration of a control system of an electric balancer 7. Except for those described above, the configuration and operation of the present embodiment are similar to those of the seventh embodiment described above. Thus, the description here will deal with only a control system of an electric balancer 7.
Consequently, it is possible to reduce the number of controllers in the entire control system, whereby a simple configuration and cost reduction can be achieved.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may be embodied in other specific forms. These embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes and modifications which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
For example, each of the embodiments described above has dealt with the configuration in which the reciprocating engine 1 (101) is employed as the power source of the electricity generator 2. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention is applicable also to a configuration in which the reciprocating engine 1 (101) is employed as a power source of other device such as a water pump or an oil pump.
Furthermore, each of the embodiments described above relates to the configuration in which the present invention is applied to the reciprocating engine 1 (101) including a single cylinder. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention is applicable also to a multi-cylinder reciprocating engine.
Moreover, each of the embodiments described above relates to the configuration in which the electric motor 74 is the alternating current motor. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Alternatively, the electric motor 74 may be a direct current motor.
Furthermore, each of the embodiments described above relates to the configuration in which the balance shaft 72 and the balance weight 73 are separate members. Alternatively, the balance shaft 72 and the balance weight 73 may be integrally configured.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may be implemented in other various modes. These embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes and modifications which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
The present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-035526 filed in Japan on Feb. 26, 2016. The entire contents of this application are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention is applicable to a vibration reduction device for reducing vibrations caused by a reciprocating movement of a piston in a reciprocating engine.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-035526 | Feb 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/004860 | 2/10/2017 | WO | 00 |
