The present invention relates to an ergometer having a vibration unit, to methods for operating an ergometer of this type, and to methods for producing ergometers of this type and to uses of ergometers of this type.
In order to be able to positively and efficiently influence the individual performance structure of rehab/geriatric patients or competitive athletes, it is necessary for as many metered external training incentives as possible to be transformed in a balanced and adapted manner to the different structural levels of the human organism. In the process, conditional (strength, stamina, speed, flexibility) as well as coordinative (neuro-motor) components should be taken into account in the application spectra of the training equipment.
A multiplicity of vibration training apparatuses has led to new training alternatives for optimizing physiological performance by reactivating pathologically degenerated functional systems, or increasing the capacity of intact functional systems, of the human structures. While the commercial use of medical vibration training (MVT) has already commenced, the scientific verification of the method is still in the stage of fundamental research.
Devices that transmit vibration energy to the user are known from a multiplicity of publications:
In this way, U.S. Pat. No. 4,570,927 discloses a device in which the legs of a paraplegic patient are moved and vibrated by a crank unit driven by a motor, for example.
NL 102 16 19 C describes an apparatus in which vibration energy is transmitted to the upper extremities by way of a handlebar.
Known from DE 102 41 340 A1 is a device in which a vibratode selectively transmits vibrations to dilated muscular structures.
A further vibration device is claimed in DE 102 25 323 B4, in which stochastic resonances are transmitted to the user by way of a mechanically complex construction.
DE 196 39 477 A1 shows a device having a seat, a handlebar and a vibration unit by way of which the feet of the user are impinged with vibrations.
A use of these five afore-mentioned devices conjointly with or as an ergometer, for example by way of a brake unit connected to the crankshaft, is not disclosed, and neither mostly are details pertaining to how the vibrations are generated.
Known from DE 103 13 524 B3 is a training apparatus in which individual or a plurality of contact points with the person undergoing training, which are able to be impinged with vibrations, are insulated in terms of vibrations by one or a plurality of damping elements so that all modules for supporting the body parts of the user are set in vibration.
Known from WO 2006/69988 A1 is a vibration ergometer in which a bottom bracket bearing is fixedly connected to a vibration plate which is set in vibration by way of two vibration motors running in opposing directions. It is disadvantageous that a non-directional vibration is generated, the amplitude of the latter decreasing depending on the mechanical load on the pedal crank or the adjustment of the ergometer brake. The connection between the pedal crank and the ergometer brake is possible exclusively by a bicycle chain with a chain tensioner in order to compensate the differences in terms of length and position between the bottom bracket bearing and the ergometer. Unpleasant noises are created as a result, and additional securing measures are required in order to prevent the chain jumping from the front chain ring.
EP 2 158 944 A2 describes a vibration ergometer having vibration which is variable in terms of amplitude. It is not disclosed herein how the vibration is specifically to be generated, and how this variation of the amplitude is to be implemented.
EP-A-2008695 relates to a training apparatus which comprises a mechanism which by way of driving means is rotated by a user of the training apparatus, said driving means rotating about a rotation axis, and vibrating means by way of which the driving means can be set in vibration, wherein the vibrating means comprise an electric motor which rotates about a rotation axis, comprising at least one weight which is to be rotated about the rotation axis by the motor, wherein the weight is disposed eccentrically relative to the rotation axis. The electric motor is freely pivotable about a fulcrum pin which extends parallel to the rotation axis of the electric motor, wherein the fulcrum pin is disposed above the electric motor below the rotation axis of the driving means while the electric motor is pivotably connected thereto via a support that supports the rotation axis of the driving means, wherein the support is connected to a frame of the exercise apparatus by way of spring means.
WO-A-2019219653 provides a self-driven vibratory mechanism which can be assembled on an existing pedal shaft, but operates independently of the existing pedal. Mechanical isolation, or mechanical decoupling, respectively, makes it possible for the vibratory energy to be transmitted to the foot instead of the pedal shaft and the bicycle. In another embodiment, a completely removable pedal having a self-driven vibratory mechanism can replace an existing pedal.
US-A-2011152040 describes a training system for training a body part of a user, comprising a frame for positioning the training system on a surface during use, a bicycle device comprising at least one bicycle element which is configured to rotate about a bicycle axis, a vibration device for moving the at least one bicycle element as a vibration, and also a method and the use of the training system.
US-A-2020054920 provides a training machine of the type that has pedals or foot plates, by means of which a person can transmit kinetic energy to the machine during use, wherein the machine comprises a device for vibrating the pedals or foot plates during training.
All previously mentioned ergometer systems are based on the principle of positioning the user conjointly with the training means used on a vibrating plate. All components used for supporting the person undergoing training exert vibration energy on the body parts in contact with the components, or on the corresponding body segments, respectively. This results in whole body vibrations (WBV) which to some extent exceed the critical occupational health values according to DIN ISO 2631. The resonance conflicts reduce the application duration with a resultant (temporally limiting) minimization of efficiency. The constructive insulation of the features of the MVT apparatuses to the uniform neuro-motoric stimulation of the intramuscular coordination, while focusing on the conditional strength component, leads to a deficit in terms of a wide conditional-coordinative multifunctionality of the WBV. The MVT products in the prior art cover only a selective partial aspect of the training therapy; a holistic training concept cannot be implemented with these devices. A combination with conservative training apparatuses is mandatory (e.g. with cardiological apparatuses in the warm-up/cool-down phase, or supplementary mechanical resistance training).
It is an object of the present invention to provide an ergometer having a vibration unit, in which preferably the amplitude as well as the frequency of the vibration are to be adjustable, in which the vibration acts exclusively in one direction, wherein the amplitude of the vibration is substantially independent of the load on the vibration unit, and vibration frequencies of up to 50 Hz are to be achieved. A further object of the present invention lies in the use of the vibration unit according to the invention in a vibration ergometer for the lower and upper extremities.
Specifically, the present invention relates to an ergometer, in particular a bicycle ergometer, having at least one pedal device for a user, and having a vibration unit as claimed in claim 1. The features of the characterizing part of the claim are not disclosed in the abovementioned prior art.
The present invention relates primarily to a bicycle ergometer. However, the concepts described herein can be used in an analogous manner in an ergometer for the upper extremities, i.e. a hand ergometer. It is also possible for the present invention to be used in a combined bicycle and hand ergometer in both crank devices. If the proposed technology is used in a hand ergometer, the bottom bracket bearing consequently used is then of course not a bottom bracket bearing in the actual sense but a crank bearing for such a hand ergometer.
According to the invention, such an ergometer is characterized in particular in that the vibration unit has at least one main shaft which is driven directly or indirectly by a motor and which has an eccentric disk fastened thereto, wherein the eccentric disk is rotatably coupled to a con rod. The con rod by way of a con rod head disposed opposite one of the eccentric disk thereof transmits the vibrations generated by the rotation of the motor and the eccentricity of the eccentric disk to the bearing of the crank or pedal device such that the vibrations bear on this bearing substantially exclusively in the vertical direction.
In this way, a highly concentrated vibration on the bottom bracket bearing is generated, which vibration in this instance also has an exactly vertical direction and correspondingly initiates as few full-body vibrations as possible. The con rod used and the eccentric disk provide a very stable construction which is readily controllable and can also sustain high loads over a comparatively long time without problems. Furthermore, such a construction in terms of design can be conceived such that the amplitude and the frequency can be easily adjusted, and that the additional elements described further below can be integrated in a simple manner.
According to a first preferred embodiment, such an ergometer is characterized in that the vibration unit is disposed below the bearing, and in that the con rod head is coupled directly to the bearing, preferably forms a bearing shell for the bearing. In this case, the con rod solely and without any further guide preferably supports substantially the entire load directed vertically downward on the bearing.
In general, the axis of the main shaft preferably runs parallel to the axis of the bearing.
The bearing of the pedal device can also be mounted in a vertical linear guide having a linear slide, wherein the linear slide at the top is fixedly connected to the bearing, and at the bottom is connected to the con rod head, wherein the axis of the main shaft preferably runs parallel to the axis of the bearing.
In the case of such an ergometer, a floor plate can additionally preferably be disposed, the main shaft and preferably also the motor being disposed therebelow and the pedal device being disposed thereabove, wherein a recess through which the con rod passes and by way of which the con rod head thereof is coupled directly to the bearing can be provided in the floor plate.
A further preferred embodiment is characterized in that a brake is disposed preferably substantially at the same level as the pedal device, which brake by way of a force transmission element, preferably in the form of a chain, of a timing belt or a V-belt, is coupled to the pedal device. In this case, the bearing of the pedal device is mounted so as to be pivotable about a horizontal swivel axle preferably disposed at the level of an axle of the brake, wherein preferably, the swivel axle is disposed in such a manner that the pivoting movement at the location of the bearing is permitted substantially exclusively in the vertical direction.
The swivel axle mounting of the bearing can be provided here by a substantially fork-shaped construction in which the fork ends of the arms are mounted so as to be rotatable about the swivel axle, and the opposite converged arms are connected to the bearing, preferably in that the converged region forms a bearing receptacle for the bearing of the pedal device. Further struts can be provided for stabilization in this construction, both transversely to the axis of the bearing and parallel thereto.
The vibration unit can also be disposed below such a brake, preferably above a floor plate, wherein the coupling of the con rod to the bearing can preferably be implemented by at least one strut which runs obliquely upward and connects the con rod head directly or indirectly to the bearing, and wherein this strut can furthermore preferably be rigidly connected to the swivel axle mounting.
According to a further preferred embodiment, a further eccentric disk by way of which a counterweight is set in compensating vibration is disposed on the main shaft, wherein this further eccentric disk is preferably disposed on the main shaft by way of eccentricity which is counter to the eccentric disk for driving the con rod. As a result of a compensation device of this type it is possible to ensure that the vibrations bear exactly—and to the desired extent—only where they are desirable, specifically on the bottom bracket bearing. In other words, the compensation device prevents that the vibrations are also transmitted to other elements of the ergometer such as, for example, the floor plate, or else the seat of the user or the handles, and it can furthermore be prevented that the device is set in vibration to such a degree that these other components are consequently damaged, or the device tends to displace itself when used, respectively.
A first preferred embodiment of such a compensation device is characterized in that the further eccentric disk drives a further con rod which is rotatably mounted on the further eccentric disk and is coupled to a counterweight which is set in vibration substantially in the same direction as the vibration device on the bearing but with an action compensating the vibration on the bearing, preferably in that the vibration on the counterweight is offset by 180° in relation to the vibration on the bearing.
Furthermore, a brake can be disposed preferably substantially at the same level as the pedal device, which brake by way of a force transmission element, preferably in the form of a chain, of a timing belt or of a V-belt, is coupled to the pedal device, and the counterweight is mounted so as to be pivotable about a horizontal swivel axle mounting preferably disposed at the level of an axle of the brake, wherein the swivel axle is preferably disposed such that the counterweight in the region of the bearing performs the pivoting movement substantially exclusively in the vertical direction, wherein the counterweight in the region of the bearing preferably has a weight head, and this weight head furthermore preferably at least partially encompasses the bearing region at the top and the bottom in the shape of a fork.
Alternatively or additionally to such a compensation device with a counterweight, the vibrations on the components that are actually not to be set in vibration can also be prevented in that the ergometer is set up on a weighted plate, typically with a weight of at least 50 kg, preferably of more than 100 kg, for example provided by metal plates, sand containers, water containers and/or stone elements which are provided, for example, in a frame which is mounted so as to be height-adjustable on the platform. Such a frame can preferably be adjusted in terms of height and/or leveled, optionally even electrically, and by way of rollers be displaced to the desired location (said rollers being able to be lowered only for the displacement, for example). The plate can additionally contain damping elements; damping elements of this type are preferably provided in the corners of such a frame and/or of the weighted plate, and/or damping mats for bearing on the frame or on frame elements may be provided. Damping mats having a fine cellular elastomeric structure with enclosed gas volumes, for example based on polyether urethane with a thickness in the range from 10-30 mm, are particularly suitable. A mechanical high-pass filter which largely prevents the vibrations on the floor on which the apparatus is set up, as well as on components of the ergometer that are not to be set in vibration, can be provided with such a construction. The high-pass filter effectively filters out in particular vibrations below 25 Hz, preferably below 20 Hz.
A further preferred embodiment of such an ergometer is characterized in that the eccentric disk and/or an optionally present further eccentric disk are/is mounted on the main shaft so as to be displaceable and adjustable along a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main shaft, wherein this mounting is preferably implemented by a gate guide in which at least one adjustment element when displaced along the axis of the main shaft causes a displacement of the eccentric disk along a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main shaft. This control of the eccentricity can be used for controlling the amplitude of the effective vibration of the vibration device as well as of the compensation device. The control can be effected by way of a further actuator, and said control can also be feed-back controlled by way of a program—as a function of a desired therapy progress or training progress, optionally so as to be coordinated with the frequency of the vibration.
Such an adjustment can be characterized in that the at least one adjustment element is mounted in a recess or through-opening in the main shaft so as to be adjustably displaceable by way of actuating means, and a gate in or on the adjustment element adjusts the eccentricity of the eccentric disk by interacting with a sliding block on the eccentric disk.
An eccentric disk for generating the desired vibration, and a further eccentric disk for the counterweight, can be mounted on the main shaft, and either an adjustment element by way of which the eccentricity of both eccentric disks can be adjusted in a correlated manner so as to be offset by 180° can be provided, or two individual adjustment elements by way of which the eccentricity of the disks can be individually adjusted can be provided for the respective eccentric disk.
Ergometers of this type are preferably configured and respectively operated at a frequency of 1-50 Hz with a vibration amplitude at the bearing in the range from 1-10 mm, preferably in the range from 3-7 mm, wherein these values are to be understood as variables generated by the vibration unit at the bearing of the pedal device. These values are combined preferably at a load in the range from 50-500 W, in particular in the range from 100-300 W.
The present invention furthermore relates to the operation of such an ergometer or respectively to the use of such an ergometer as described above for therapeutic and/or form-building therapy, wherein frequencies at the bearing are preferably adjusted in the range from 5-50 Hz, preferably in the range from 7-25 Hz, and/or with amplitudes in the range from 1-10 mm, preferably 3-7 mm.
Further embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described hereunder by means of the drawings which serve only for the purpose of explanation and are not intended to be limiting.
In the drawings:
a) is an embodiment in which the bottom bracket bearing by way of a swing arm is mounted directly from below by the con rod, in
b) is an embodiment in which the bottom bracket bearing is mounted without a swing arm in a linear mounting to which the vibration unit is coupled from below, and in
c) is an embodiment in which the vibration unit is disposed below the brake, the bottom bracket bearing is mounted by way of a swing arm, and a counterweight is provided;
The shell sleeves 9 are preferably made from a material with frictional properties, for example from a plastics material with frictional properties (e.g. PTFE), and the main shaft 12 is made from metal, in order to achieve an optimal frictional pairing on the sliding face 12b.
The eccentric disk 6 in the axial recess 43 thereof possesses a sliding block 5 which runs so as to be tilted and transversely to the axis of said recess 43 and which determines the deflection of the eccentric disk 6 and thus the stroke of the con rod 1. The sliding block 5 bridges the recess 43 and is held by the screws 7. The fitting screws 7 fix the sliding block 5 in the eccentric disk 6 not only in a force-fitting but also in a form-fitting manner. For mounting the con rod 1, a ball bearing is fastened on the eccentric disk 6 by way of the bearing ring 3. To this end, the ball bearing by way of the bearing ring 3 is screwed to the eccentric disk by way of the screws 2. A clamping ring 8 which fixes the outer ring of the ball bearing 4 in a force-fitting manner to the con rod 1 by way of the screws 10 is provided on the other side. The screws 10 by way of the clamping ring 8 clamp the ball bearing 4 to the con rod 1.
The forces of the con rod 1 are transmitted to the main shaft 12 by way of the eccentric disk 6 by way of the shell sleeves 9, and transmitted to the bearing housing 19 by way of the bearing assembly 11. The con rod head 1a serves for receiving a bearing for the movable fixing to the linear unit or the swing arm (see further below).
A stud-shaped adjustment element 13 engages in a displaceable manner axially in an axial blind bore 38 of the main shaft 12. The adjustment element 13 by way of the fitting screws 14 is connected in a force-fitting and form-fitting manner to the bearing receptacle 15. The bearing receptacle 15 receives the bearing assembly 16 in the form of two ball bearing rings. A trapezoidal thread nut 17, which is mechanically connected (=secured against rotation) to the bearing housing 19 (not illustrated in
The adjustment element 13 is preferably made from a material with frictional properties, for example from a plastics material with frictional properties (e.g. PTFE), and the sliding block 5 is made from metal in order to achieve an optimal frictional pairing.
A gate opening in the form of a cut-out area 13a runs transversely in the adjustment element. This cut-out area possesses a substantially identical width to the thickness of the sliding block 5 and is however substantially longer. Said cut-out area is in alignment with the larger opening 39 when the adjustment element 13 is pushed into the blind bore 38. In other words, the sliding block 5 penetrates the openings 39 and 13a. The cut-out area 13a is thus part of the adjustment element 13. The sliding block 5 is positioned in the cut-out area 13a; the deflection of the eccentric disk 6 in a form-fitting manner is achieved by way of the planar faces of the sliding block 5 and of the cut-out area 13a of the adjustment element 13.
In this way, the eccentric disk 6 is eccentrically mounted on the main shaft 12. The lower ring of the con rod 1 in turn is rotatably mounted on the eccentric disk 6 by way of the bearing ring 4. When the main shaft 12 rotates, the eccentric disk 6 thus performs an eccentric movement which is transmitted to the lower ring of the con rod 1 and in this way is converted to a translation or oscillation at the con rod head 1a. The frequency of these oscillations are determined by the rotational frequency of the main shaft 12, and thus by way of the frequency of the motor that drives this shaft. The amplitude of the oscillation can be adjusted by the trapezoidal spindle 18. The further the adjustment element 13 is pushed into the blind bore 31, the more the eccentric disk 6 is displaced out of the axis of the main shaft 12 by way of the sliding block 5, and the larger the amplitude of the eccentricity and thus also of the movement at the con rod head 1a. The vibration generated at the con rod head 1a can thus be finely adjusted and controlled in terms of frequency as well as in terms of amplitude. Moreover, the con rod has a high mechanical stability and a very high directional stability, i.e. the vibrations thus generated run exactly along the direction of the con rod, i.e. the proposed device permits quasi unidirectional vibrations with an adjustable frequency and an adjustable amplitude along an exactly defined direction to be generated.
The main shaft 12 is mounted in the right bearing housing 19 by way of the bearings 11 already mentioned above, wherein a shaft clamping nut 20 which fixedly clamps the bearing assembly 11 for the purpose of minimizing the axial and radial play of the main shaft 12 is provided for fastening purposes. There is additionally a locking ring 21 which prevents inadvertent loosening of the shaft clamping nut 20.
The bearing assembly 11 in
The only intended oscillation in the present invention is a deflection of the con rod head 1 which is substantially perpendicular to the floor plate.
The second exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment inter alia also in that the main shaft 12 is coupled in a somewhat different way. Here, there is additionally a V-belt pulley 24 which serves for coupling a servomotor to the main shaft by way of a V-belt. The V-belt pulley 24 is fastened by a clamping nut, for example in the form of a taper-lock bush.
The second embodiment thus differs from the first embodiment in that compensation of unintended oscillations is possible. The term unintended oscillations is understood to mean in particular the oscillation of the floor plate 28 that is directed counter to the intended oscillation, as well as other oscillation which is not directed perpendicularly to the floor plate 28. The unintended oscillations are created by the eccentric which has not been balanced, wherein the imbalance of the eccentric is significantly caused by the adjustability of the con rod and the construction of the latter, which cannot be statically balanced due to the amplitude modulation of the stroke.
The bearing face of the con rod head bearings 26 in
The adjustment element 13 extends the respective sliding blocks for the crank, or for the compensation weight, in opposite directions. The two eccentric disks have to be axially rotated by 180° in relation to one another in order to be able to be deflected in opposite directions. This offset arrangement of the eccentric disks 6 can be better seen in
The third embodiment thus differs from the second embodiment in that the amplitudes of both con rods can be controlled in a mutually independent manner. According to this embodiment, compensation of unintended by oscillation balance can take place. The substantial difference in relation to the embodiment according to
The adjustment of the compensation can also take place manually, but it is also possible that the trapezoidal spindle or the plurality of trapezoidal spindles is/are actuated by way of a further actuator. It is thus possible, for example, for such an actuator to be actuated by feedback control, for example by way of a vibration sensor or else a plurality of vibration sensors, and a corresponding control unit. It is thus in particular also possible for such a control to be feedback-controlled in a self-teaching algorithm such that the vibrations measured by the vibration sensors are minimal where said vibrations are not to arise (for example on the floor plate), and are maximal or exactly in the desired range where said vibrations are to arise (for example at the bottom bracket bearing).
A first possibility, which is illustrated in a lateral view in
Provided in this way is a construction which selectively enables vibrations only in a strictly vertical direction, and the entire suspension and load of the vibration unit is handled by way of the front region below the bottom bracket bearing. Such a vibration unit can be combined with a customary brake 30 which is coupled by way of a force transmission element, for example a chain, a belt, a timing belt.
In this construction it is possible for a vibration unit according to the first exemplary embodiment described above to be used, i.e. with only a single con rod for the vibration at the bottom bracket bearing. However, it is also possible for a vibration unit according to the second or according to the third exemplary embodiment to be used. As is illustrated in
Vibrations of this type suitable for this device are typically in the range of up to 50 Hz. Low frequencies of 7-12 Hz with amplitudes in the range of up to 7-10 mm for neurostimulations, typically in a load range of approx. 100 W, have proven particularly suitable. Higher frequencies in the range from 15-25 Hz, for example, can also be used for athletes, in this instance with typically somewhat lower vibration amplitudes of up to 3-4 mm. In this instance, loads in the range of 200-300 W in terms of brake output are used. In this way, the vibrations and the amplitudes are in a range which is mechanically critical for other components, and the compensation by one or a plurality of counterweights is enormously important.
The crank bearing in
A further possibility of providing such a vibration device on an ergometer is illustrated in
In
A further possibility of providing such a vibration device on an ergometer is illustrated in
In such a construction, a corresponding counterweight 36 is advantageously mounted in a very similar manner and actuated by the second con rod which is phase-shifted by 180°. Cf. in this regard in particular
Illustrated in
Likewise to be seen in this exemplary embodiment is the actuator 52 with the assigned V-belt 51 for the adjustment of the trapezoidal thread nut, and correspondingly for the adjustment of the eccentricity and the associated amplitude of the vibration. The motor 54 for the drive of the main shaft 12, and the corresponding V-belt 53, can likewise be seen.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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21162425.9 | Mar 2021 | EP | regional |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2022/055397 | 3/3/2022 | WO |