FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to the field of musical instruments, and more particularly to electric guitars, and specifically to an improvement for a vibrato device for a guitar to better keep a guitar in tune.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
More than sixty years ago, Paul A. Bigsby invented a device which allows a musician to modify the pitch of an electric guitar while it was being played (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. Des. 169,120 and Des. 170,109). Variations of such devices are now commonly referred to as whammy bars or vibrato bars. By pushing down or pulling up on the arm of the device, a musician can adjust tension of guitar strings to change pitch of the note/chord being played on the guitar.
The design of a Bigsby vibrato device has changed little over the years. A typical Bigsby vibrato device is illustrated in FIG. 1. The Bigsby device 10 is configured for installation on the top of the body of a guitar (not illustrated), and it includes a rotatable rod or bar 12 to which the guitar strings (not illustrated) are terminated at the bridge end of the guitar. A spring-loaded arm 14 is attached to the rod 12 so that movement of the arm 14 causes rotation of the rod 12 about its longitudinal axis A-A. Attachment of the arm 14 to the device 10 may allow rotation of the arm 14 about a vertical axis (directional notations herein assume that the vibrato device, or guitar to which it is attached, is laying on a horizontal surface with the guitar strings upward). Tension in the strings imposes a rotational force on the rod 12 which is balanced by the force of the body spring 16 located under the arm 14. Movement of the arm 14 downward by a user of the device causes rotation of the rod 12 in a direction which decreases the tension in the strings to lower the pitch, and movement of the arm 14 upward by the user increases the tension in the strings to raise the pitch.
One disadvantage of a Bigsby vibrato device is that the arm/rod does not always return to the same neutral/rest position when released due to mechanical tolerances, friction in the Bigsby device or guitar and displacement of body spring 16. Movement at either terminus of a guitar string will affect the tension in the string, and an error of as little as a thousandth of an inch in the neutral return position of the Bigsby device can change the pitch of a string by as much as one-half full tone. Thus, the use of a Bigsby device necessitates frequent tuning and can even cause mistuning of the guitar during play of a single song.
Competing vibrato device designs have been introduced over the years to address the Bigsby mistuning issue and to provide a larger range of tone change than is provided by a Bigsby device. Floyd D. Rose was awarded U.S. Pat. No. 4,171,661 in 1979 for a competing device called a Floyd Rose Tremolo, and he was awarded U.S. Pat. No. 4,497,236 in 1985 for a fine-tuning device which can be used in conjunction with the Floyd Rose device. Many musicians however still prefer the tonal quality and feel of a Bigsby vibrato. Yet, tone stability when using a Bigsby device remains problematic, as may be evidenced by searching “Bigsby tuning” on the popular internet site youtube.com. Thus, a solution to the mistuning caused by a Bigsby vibrato device remains a long-felt need.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is explained in the following description in view of the drawings that show:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art Bigsby vibrato device.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the hard stop of the device of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the hard stop of the device of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention utilizing a spring stop.
FIG. 7A is a partial perspective view of another spring stop embodiment of the invention in its neutral position.
FIG. 7B is a partial perspective view of the device of FIG. 7A in its lowered-pitch position.
FIG. 7C is a partial perspective view of the device of FIG. 7A in its raised-pitch position.
FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a kit for modifying a vibrato device.
FIG. 8B illustrates a vibrato device modified with the kit of FIG. 8A in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8C is a cut away view of the broken lined portion of 112 from FIG. 8B where the device is neutral.
FIG. 8D is a cut away view of the broken lined portion of 112 from FIG. 8B where the device s in a state wherein rotatable arm extension 132 is pushed downward.
FIG. 8E is a cut away view of the broken lined portion of 112 from FIG. 8 B where the device is in a state wherein rotatable arm extension 132 is pulled upward.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of another kit for modifying a vibrato device.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of yet another kit for modifying a vibrato device.
Like structures shown in multiple figures are generally numbered consistently when illustrated in multiple figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention improves upon the Bigsby by restricting movement of the bar and preventing movement of body spring. An example of restricting movement of bar includes introducing a stop to maintains the body spring in an unnatural, compressed state. In this embodiment, the stop imposes a new, set neutral position to the device so that after bar is rotated it returns to this new, neutral position referred to herein as the tuned position.
Referring to FIG. 1, when a user of a guitar equipped with a prior art vibrato device 10 releases the arm 14, after changing the pitch, the device may not always return exactly to its original-tuned position. A factor affecting this is due to movement and or rotation of the body spring 16 within its housing. Typically, a body spring has round coils and is disposed between an arm 14 and a base. At rest when a guitar is in tuned, the body spring may be slightly compressed, if compressed at all, and considered in a natural state, whereby the distance between coils is defined as p. When the arm 14 is pushed down, removing any force on the body spring, the distance between the coils is defined as p′. When the arm is raised/pulled up, applying force on the body spring, the distance between the coils is defined as p″.
The instant invention teaches an improvement whereby rotation or movement of the body spring is restricted by maintaining compression. In this embodiment, a stop is imposed upon the guitar such that when a guitar is in tuned, the body spring is compressed in a tuned position, whereby the distance between coils is defined as n. When the arm 14 is pushed down, the body spring remains compressed, the distance between the coils is defined as n′. When the arm is raised/pulled up, applying force on the body spring, the distance between the coils is defined as n″. In this regard, an embodiment of the improvement may generally be understood as a device which modifies a Bigsby device such that n′ is less than p′ and more specifically, where n′ is less than or equal to p.
By adding the stop taught herein, which now defines a new set, neutral position, the improved device can be set up to ensure the arm/bar always returns to the defined tuned position, thereby maintaining the same tension and pitch in the strings every time the arm is released. FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of an improved Bigsby vibrato device 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The device 20 includes a frame 22 configured for attachment to a top surface of a guitar 21 in any known manner. Strings 24 of the guitar are attached to a rod 26 which is rotatably supported at its opposed ends by respective bearing areas 28. An arm 30 is attached at one end of the rod 26 so that movement of the arm 30 toward or away from the top surface of the guitar 21 will cause rotation of the rod 26 about its longitudinal axis, thereby loosening or tightening the tension of the strings 24 respectively. A body spring 32 is disposed in a housing located under arm 30 and above frame 22. When no force is applied to arm 30 by a user, the device is at its natural, neutral position which can fluctuate. The structures thus far described in FIG. 2 are common for prior art Bigsby devices. In this regard, when the
The present invention adds a stop mechanism, such as hard stop 34. Hard stop 34 is attached to the rod 26 proximate an end of the rod 26 so that it rotates with the rod 26 about the longitudinal axis when the arm 30 is moved. The stop 34 may be attached to the rod 26 by a clamp mechanism 36, as illustrated, or in any other manner, such as by bolting, welding or by being integrally formed. The hard stop 34 in this embodiment is formed as an L-shaped plate. The hard stop 34 is free to rotate in one direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 2) when the arm 30 is moved downward toward the guitar surface 21 compressing body spring 32. However, when the arm 30 is released by the user and is urged away from the guitar surface 21 by body spring 32, the bottom surface 38 of the stop 34 eventually contacts the frame 22, defining a new and repeatable neutral position (tuned position) of device 20 which may be different than the natural, neutral position of the device. In this embodiment, body spring 32 remains compressed which ensures the guitar maintains its tuned position each time device 20 is used. To achieve this functionality, the guitar may be tuned in a manner which ensures that force of spring 32 is enough to overcome the force exerted on the rod 26 by the tuned strings 24 at the tuned position and prevent turning/rotation of spring 32 within its housing.
One skilled in the art will recognize that the shape of the stop, the way that the stop is connected to or otherwise associated directly or indirectly with the rod, the location of the stop, the surface upon which the stop strikes and the surface of the stop which makes the strike, etc. may be varied in other embodiments of the invention. For example, FIG. 3 is a top view of an improved Bigsby vibrato device 40 utilizing a stop 42 attached to the rod 44 at a position between the bearing areas 46. Two alternative embodiments of the stop 42 are illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 4 shows a snap type stop 42′ which includes a cavity 48 into which the rod 44 is inserted. A bolt and nut combination 50 is used to close the cavity 48 around the rod 44 to secure the stop 42′ on the rod 44 in order to prevent relative rotation there between during use of the device. A bottom surface 52 of the stop 42′ makes solid contact with the frame 54 of the device 40 to maintain the tuned position.
FIG. 5 shows an insert type stop 42″ having a hole 56 through which the rod 44 is inserted. A bolt and nut combination 50 is used to close the hole 56 around the rod 44 to secure the stop 42″ on the rod 44. A bottom surface 52 of the stop 42″ makes solid contact with the frame 54 of the device 40 to maintain the tuned position.
The embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 2-5 allow the pitch of the guitar to be lowered by pressing downward on the arm and compressing body spring 32, but they do not permit the pitch of the guitar to be raised by pulling upward on the arm due to the action of the hard stop. This basic one-direction improvement is easy to overcome the problem with the Bigsby and likely enough to satisfy need of a user when pulling up of bar 30 is not necessary or required. The attachment/stop disclosed in embodiments of FIGS. 2-5 may be connected, moved and/or disconnected with relative ease. It is an embodiment of the invention that a stop can include colors and exterior designs, so a user can promote self-expression, taste and style.
FIGS. 6-10 teach embodiments where pitch may be lowered or raised while maintaining a tuned position and preventing rotation of spring within its housing. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment for an improved vibrato device 60 includes the usual structures of a prior art Bigsby device, along with a spring stop 62. In this embodiment, the body spring 32 of a guitar will be more compressed in the tuned position that in FIGS. 2-5. In this embodiment, a stop is imposed upon the guitar such that when a guitar is in tuned, the body spring 72 is compressed in a tuned position, whereby the distance between coils is defined as N. When the arm 70 is pushed down, the body spring remains compressed, the distance between the coils is defined as N′. When the arm is raised/pulled up, applying force on the body spring, the distance between the coils is defined as N″. In this regard, an embodiment of the improvement allowing for two-directional arm may generally be understood as a device which modifies a Bigsby device such that n is greater than N and more specifically, where n is about the same as N″ and n″ is greater than N″.
In an embodiment, spring stop 62 is attached to an extension 64 of the arm 66 located on a side of the arm 66 opposite of the pivot axis 68 from the portion 70 of the arm 66 grasped by the user. When the arm 66 is depressed by a user and then released from its depressed position, it moves upward due to the action of the spring 72 until the spring stop 62 contacts the frame 74 or other part of the guitar. The spring stop 62 includes a bolt or pin 76 extending through an opening in the arm 66 and biased downward against the arm 66 toward the frame 74 by a spring and retaining nut (hidden in this view) on the underside of the extension 64 of the arm 66. Another spring 78 on top of the extension 64 maintains the pin 76 in place through the opening. The pin 76 is thus free to move vertically relative to the arm 66, and a bottom surface of the pin 76 contacts the frame 74 to establish the tuned position. The spring stop 62 provides a force enough to stop movement of the arm 66 at the tuned position in the absence of any force being applied to the arm 66 by the user. However, the pin 76 can be moved upward relative to the extension 64 when the arm 66 is moved upward past the tuned position in response to an upward force being applied to the arm 66 by the user, thereby increasing the pitch of the strings 80. Once the arm 66 is released from its raised position, it will return to the tuned position under influence of the spring stop 62.
The specific design of the stop may vary in other embodiments, such as by using a leaf spring, a deformable plastic material, a detent, or other mechanism to provide the stopping action upon release of the arm 66, and in the case of a spring stop, allowing further movement of the device 60 past the tuned position in response to a user-applied force. Alternatively, the spring stop may be embodied as a hard stop connected directly or indirectly to the rod or arm to contact the frame or guitar body, and a cooperating deformable structure or material such as a spring being applied to the frame or other guitar surface which is contacted by the hard stop. While the spring stop 62 is positioned on the arm 66 in the illustrated embodiment, other designs may include a hard stop or spring stop at any location enabling the described functionality. It has been discovered by the inventor that efficiency and functionality of the improvement is increased when turning/rotation of body spring (e.g., 72 in FIG. 6, 32 in FIG. 2, 16 in FIG. 1) within device is avoided.
FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate another embodiment of an inventive vibrato device 90 incorporating a spring stop 92. Device 90 is like the device 20 of FIG. 2 in that it includes an L-shaped stop plate 94 attached for rotation with rod 96 relative to frame 98. Those portions of the device 90 that are not illustrated correspond to portions of the prior art device of FIG. 1. As in FIG. 2, the attachment between stop plate 94 and rod 96 (hidden in FIGS. 7A-7C) may be accomplished by a clamp mechanism, bolting, welding, being integrally formed or any other suitable type of connection. Device 90 also includes a generally L-shaped pivot plate 100 having a surface urged into contact with a surface of stop plate 94 by a spring 102, which in turn is held in position by bolt 104 passing through a hole in the pivot plate 100. The bolt 104 is held in place relative to the stop plate 94 by any convenient attachment, such as a nut/washer, bolt head, or by being threaded into the stop plate 94. A bottom leg of pivot plate 100 extends under the stop plate 94. The bottom surface of the stop plate 94 may be curved or formed at an angle to make generally line contact with the upper surface of the bottom leg of the pivot plate 100 proximate the intrados corner of the bend in the pivot plate 100.
FIG. 7A shows the device 90 in its tuned position with no force being exerted by a user. In the tuned position, the spring located under the vibrator device arm (not shown) urges the rod 96 to rotate against the tension in the strings (not shown) until the pivot plate 100 strikes frame 98 to establish the hard stop, tuned position. In this manner the spring stop 92 functions first as a hard stop to establish a consistent tuned position, thereby maintaining the same tension and pitch in the strings any time that the arm is released.
FIG. 7B illustrates the device 90 of FIG. 7A in its lowered-pitch position, when the user exerts a downward force onto the arm, thereby causing rod 96 to rotate in a clockwise direction in the figure. In this position, spring stop 92 is lifted away from frame 98 and the tension in the strings is reduced. Rotational motion in this direction is limited only by the freedom of movement of the arm, not by the spring stop 92. Release of the arm by the user allows the device 90 to return to the tuned position of FIG. 7A.
FIG. 7C illustrates the device 90 of FIG. 7A in its raised-pitch position, when the user exerts an upward force onto the arm, thereby causing rod 96 to rotate in a counterclockwise direction past the tuned position. As stop plate 94 rotates counterclockwise in the figure, its bottom surface (edge) is urged downward onto the top surface of the bottom leg of the pivot plate 100. Because downward movement of the pivot plate 100 is hindered by its contact with the frame 98, a rotational torque is generated in the pivot plate 100, causing its surface to move away from the stop plate 94 by compressing spring 102, as illustrated. This movement increases the tension in the strings and raises the pitch. Release of the arm by the user allows the device 90 to return to the tuned position of FIG. 7A under the influence of the spring 102.
Embodiments of the invention may be incorporated into newly manufactured vibrato devices or may be implemented on an existing prior art vibrato device to upgrade the functionality of the prior art device. For example, a kit for modifying a Bigsby vibrato device may be assembled, with the kit including a stop and a mechanism for attaching the stop to a Bigsby vibrato device. The stop and attachment mechanism may be of any of the types described herein, and the kit may include multiple embodiments of the stop and/or attachment mechanism to allow the user to select the embodiment that works best with a vibrato device or guitar. Such a kit containing a stop may include multiple springs or elastomeric materials having differing stiffness coefficients and/or sizes for accommodating installation requirements and/or user preferences. The kit as disclosed herein requires machining to an existing device, however an advantage some may find is that the modification is likely unnoticeable to the eye because it is disposed within the preexisting region, i.e., housing, where body spring 16 (FIG. 1) is located.
One such kit 110 is illustrated in FIG. 8A and is shown as installed in an improved vibrato device 112 in FIG. 8B. The kit of this embodiment includes a bolt 114, a washer 116, a nut 118, optionally a replacement large spring 120, a thimble 122, a washer 124, a small spring 126, a small washer 128, and a nut 130. The provision and use of washers is optional to improve the seating/coupling of the various parts of the device. In this embodiment, the original vibrato device to be modified with the kit 110 includes a rotatable arm extension 132 including an opening (hidden) through which bolt 114 is inserted and secured with washer 116 and nut 118. Nut 118 threads onto an upper, larger-diameter threaded portion of the bolt 114. An opening may exist or need to be formed through the frame 134 to receive the bottom end of bolt 114 in the assembled device 112. Most exiting Bigsby vibrato devices do not include such an opening under the spring, so modification of the existing device frame 134 by drilling a hole may be required for this embodiment. Importantly, however, no modification of the guitar is required in most applications (although optionally an opening may exist or be formed in the guitar face should additional clearance be required for the bolt 114 in an application).
The thimble 122 is inserted into the opening in the frame 134 from the underside of the frame 134. The opening in the frame 134 may be counter bored to contact the thimble 122 along its rim 136 to resist a lifting force exerted on the thimble 122 during operation of the device. Alternatively, an interference fit may be used between the thimble 122 and the frame 134. The bolt 114 passes through the center of the large spring 120 and into the thimble 122 through an opening 138 in the top of the thimble 122. The small spring 126 is then installed onto the bolt 114 concentric with the large spring 120 and is secured in place with small nut 130, utilizing washers 124 and 128 as appropriate. The position of the washer/small spring/washer/nut combination 124/126/128/130 may be adjusted relative to the thimble 122 during assembly of the device and/or tuning of the guitar such that contact is established with the underside of the top of the thimble 122 at the neutral tuning position to provide the desired stop function. The spring stop 140 of this embodiment consists of the kit 110 less the optional replacement large spring 120. Advantageously, the entire spring stop 140 of this embodiment is located under the arm 132 and between the arm 132 and the frame 134, thus being completely unobtrusive to the user of the guitar.
During use of the vibrato device 112, the arm 132 will assume the tuned position with the tension in the strings 142 counter-balanced by compression in the large spring 120 and contact established by the spring stop 140. The tuned position is shown for example in FIG. 8C. That contact is achieved when washer 124 is urged upward against the underside bottom surface of thimble 122 in the region around opening 138. When the arm 132 is pushed downward by a user to further compress large spring 120 to lower the pitch of the strings 142, the bolt 114 moves downward and contact pressure between washer 124 and thimble 122 is removed. See FIG. 8D. Release of the arm 132 allows the large spring 120 to return the device back to the tuned position to reestablish the contact, thereby providing a repeatable neutral tuned position. When the arm 132 is pulled upward away from the frame 134 to raise the pitch of the strings 142, small spring 126 is compressed against the thimble 122 as the anchor, i.e., bolt 114 and nut 130 are moved upward. See FIG. 8E. Upon release of the arm 132, this compression in small spring 126 causes the device to return reliably to the tuned position.
One may envision an embodiment like FIGS. 8A and 8B but with a small spring being located above the arm such that movement of the arm still results in the counter-loading of the large and small springs (i.e. when one spring is being compressed, the other is being relaxed). While such an embodiment may be easier to assemble and to adjust, it would require the bolt and small spring to protrude above the arm, and therefore would not be as compact or visually appealing as is the embodiment of FIGS. 8A and 8B.
FIG. 9 illustrates another kit 144 for modifying a Bigsby vibrato device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. This kit 144 is like the kit 110 shown in FIG. 8A, with components being numbered consistently between the figures. In lieu of the washer 124 and small spring 126 of FIG. 8A, kit 144 utilizes a small thimble 146 to contact the bottom of small spring 148 when lifting the arm of the vibrato device to raise the pitch of the guitar strings. Small thimble 146 fits within small spring 148, and small spring 148 fits within large spring 120, with relatively small diametrical clearance (e.g. 1/16-⅛ inch) to provide stability and strength when compressing small spring 148. This strength and stability permit the use of a small spring 148 with a relatively higher spring constant than the small spring 126 used in the embodiment of FIG. 8A, thereby providing a more robust neutral position while still allowing adequate upward and downward movement of the device arm. FIG. 10 illustrates another kit 110 for modifying a Bigsby vibrato device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. This kit is similar to kit 110 shown in FIG. 8A, with like components being numbered consistently between the figures. FIG. 10 however provides an embodiment that does not include the second spring.
As noted improvements disclosed herein to maintain tune of a Bigsby device include avoiding rotation and/or movement of body spring within its housing. To further achieve this goal, the inventor has discovered that the spring may be altered itself so that it will not rotate, twist or turn in its hosing. In this regard, the inventor has modified the configuration of the end or ends of a coil so that it will not twist or rotate in the housing, for example by forming corners on at least one of its ends on a region referred to as a terminating loop. Additionally, the inventor has discovered that the preexisting body spring may be connected to an adapter that prevents rotation within the housing based on the configuration of the adapter. As an example, the spring may be threaded onto a disc that has a rectangular configuration preventing it from being rotated and/or turned within the housing. It is within the scope of this invention for an improved Bigsby device whereby the body spring housing is itself modified to prevent rotation of the body spring.
The present invention is not limited to any material of construction, and it may be manufactured with materials commonly used in the art of guitars and Bigsby vibrato devices, typically metals such as aluminum and steel, and possibly other structural materials such as hard rubber, reinforced fiberglass or resin materials, etc.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes and substitutions may be made without departing from the invention herein. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Patent Application
20200143777
