Patent Application
20110230465
The invention relates to compounds, compositions and methods for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In particular, the present invention provides novel inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and methods for using these compounds in the treatment of HCV infection.
It is estimated that at least 170 million persons worldwide are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Acute HCV infection progresses to chronic infection in a high number of cases, and, in some infected individuals, chronic infection leads to serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The development of new and specific anti-HCV treatments is a high priority, and virus-specific functions essential for replication are the most attractive targets for drug development.
The present invention provides a novel series of compounds having inhibitory activity against the HCV polymerase enzyme. In particular compounds according to this invention inhibit RNA synthesis by inhibiting the RNA dependent RNA polymerase of HCV, specifically, the enzyme NS5B encoded by HCV.
One aspect of the invention provides compounds of formula (I):
wherein:
Another aspect of this invention provides a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a medicament.
Still another aspect of this invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
According to an embodiment of this aspect, the pharmaceutical composition according to this invention additionally comprises at least one other antiviral agent.
The invention also provides the use of a pharmaceutical composition as described hereinabove for the treatment of a hepatitis C viral infection in a human being having or at risk of having the infection.
A further aspect of the invention involves a method of treating a hepatitis C viral infection in a human being having or at risk of having the infection, the method comprising administering to the human being a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a composition thereof as described hereinabove.
Another aspect of the invention involves a method of treating a hepatitis C viral infection in a human being having or at risk of having the infection, the method comprising administering to the human being a therapeutically effective amount of a combination of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one other antiviral agent; or a composition thereof.
Also within the scope of this invention is the use of a compound of formula (I) as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of a hepatitis C viral infection in a human being having or at risk of having the infection.
Another aspect of this invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a hepatitis C viral infection in a human being having or at risk of having the infection.
An additional aspect of this invention refers to an article of manufacture comprising a composition effective to treat a hepatitis C viral infection; and packaging material comprising a label which indicates that the composition can be used to treat infection by the hepatitis C virus; wherein the composition comprises a compound of formula (I) according to this invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Still another aspect of this invention relates to a method of inhibiting the replication of hepatitis C virus comprising exposing the virus to an effective amount of the compound of formula (I), or a salt thereof, under conditions where replication of hepatitis C virus is inhibited.
Further included in the scope of the invention is the use of a compound of formula (I), or a salt thereof, to inhibit the replication of hepatitis C virus.
In another aspect the invention provides novel intermediates useful in the production of compounds of Formula (I). In particular, the novel intermediates comprise one or more of the intermediates selected from the group consisting of intermediates designated 154a1, 154a2, 154a3, 154a4, 154a5, 154a6, 154a7, 154a8, 154a9, 154b1 and 154c1, as disclosed in the Examples.
Terms not specifically defined herein should be given the meanings that would be given to them by one of skill in the art in light of the disclosure and the context. As used in the specification, however, unless specified to the contrary, the following terms have the meaning indicated and the following conventions are adhered to.
In the groups, radicals, or moieties defined below, the number of carbon atoms is often specified preceding the group, for example, C1-6-alkyl means an alkyl group or radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In general, for groups comprising two or more subgroups, the first named subgroup is the radical attachment point, for example, the substituent “—C1-3-alkyl-aryl” means an aryl group which is bound to a C1-3-alkyl group, wherein the C1-3-alkyl group is bound to the core. It is understood that substituents may be attached to any one of the subgroups, unless specified otherwise. In the previous example of “—C1-3-alkyl-aryl”, substituents may be attached to either the C1-3-alkyl or aryl portion thereof or both.
In case a compound of the present invention is depicted in the form of a chemical name and as a formula in case of any discrepancy the formula shall prevail.
The following designation
is used in sub-formulas to indicate the bond which is connected to the rest of the molecule as defined.
The term “C1-n-alkyl”, wherein n is an integer from 2 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes an acyclic, saturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon radical with 1 to n C atoms. For example the term C1-5-alkyl embraces the radicals H3C—, H3C—CH2—, H3C—CH2—CH2—, H3C—CH(CH3)—, H3C—CH2—CH2—CH2—, H3C—CH2—CH(CH3)—, H3C—CH(CH3)—CH2—, H3C—C(CH3)2—, H3C—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—, H3C—CH2—CH2—CH(CH3)—, H3C—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—, H3C—CH(CH3)—CH2—CH2—, H3C—CH2—C(CH3)2—, H3C—C(CH3)2—CH2—, H3C—CH(CH3)—CH(CH3)—, H3C—CH2—CH(CH2CH3)— and H3C—CH(CH2CH3)—CH2—.
The term “C1-n-alkylene” wherein n is an integer 2 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical, denotes an acyclic, straight or branched chain divalent alkyl radical containing from 1 to n carbon atoms. For example the term C1-4-alkylene includes —(CH2)—, —(CH2—CH2)—, —(CH(CH3))—, —(CH2—CH2—CH2)—, —(C(CH3)2)—, —(CH(CH2CH3))—, —(CH(CH3)—CH2)—, —(CH2—CH(CH3))—, —(CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2)—, —(CH2—CH2—CH(CH3))—, —(CH(CH3)—CH2—CH2)—, —(CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2)—, —(CH2—C(CH3)2)—, —(C(CH3)2—CH2)—, —(CH(CH3)—CH(CH3))—, —(CH2—CH(CH2CH3))—, —(CH(CH2CH3)—CH2)—, —(CH(CH2CH2CH3))— and —(CHCH(CH3)2)—.
The term “C2-n-alkenyl”, is used for a group as defined in the definition for “C1-n-alkyl” with at least two carbon atoms, if at least two of those carbon atoms of said group are bonded to each other by a double bond.
The term “C2-n-alkynyl”, is used for a group as defined in the definition for “C1-n-alkyl” with at least two carbon atoms, if at least two of those carbon atoms of said group are bonded to each other by a triple bond.
The term “C3-n-cycloalkyl”, wherein n is an integer 4 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes a cyclic, saturated, unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 3 to n C atoms. For example the term C3-7-cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
The term “C3-n-cycloalkenyl”, wherein n is an integer 4 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical, denotes an cyclic, unsaturated but nonaromatic, unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 3 to n C atoms, at least two of which are bonded to each other by a double bond. For example the term C3-7-cycloalkenyl includes cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl cycloheptadienyl and cycloheptatrienyl.
The term “aryl” as used herein, either alone or in combination with another radical, denotes a carbocyclic aromatic monocyclic group containing 6 carbon atoms which may be further fused to a second 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic group which may be aromatic, saturated or unsaturated. Aryl includes, but is not limited to, phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl and dihydronaphthyl.
The term “Het” as used herein, either alone or in combination with another radical, is intended to mean a 4- to 7-membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from O, N and S, or a 7- to 14-membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heteropolycycle having wherever possible 1 to 5 heteroatoms, each independently selected from O, N and S; wherein each N heteroatom may, independently and where possible, exist in an oxidized state such that it is further bonded to an oxygen atom to form an N-oxide group and wherein each S heteroatom may, independently and where possible, exist in an oxidized state such that it is further bonded to one or two oxygen atoms to form the groups SO or SO2, unless specified otherwise. When a Het group is substituted, it is understood that substituents may be attached to any carbon atom or heteroatom thereof which would otherwise bear a hydrogen atom, unless specified otherwise.
The term “heteroatom” as used herein is intended to mean O, S or N.
The term “heterocycle” as used herein and unless specified otherwise, either alone or in combination with another radical, is intended to mean a 4- to 7-membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from O, N and S; or a monovalent radical derived by removal of a hydrogen atom therefrom. Examples of such heterocycles include, but are not limited to, azetidine, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, thiazolidine, oxazolidine, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, pyrazole, imidazole, isoxazole, oxazole, isothiazole, thiazole, triazole, tetrazole, piperidine, piperazine, azepine, diazepine, pyran, 1,4-dioxane, 4-morpholine, 4-thiomorpholine, pyridine, pyridine-N-oxide, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, and the following heterocycles:
and saturated, unsaturated and aromatic derivatives thereof.
The term “heteropolycycle” as used herein and unless specified otherwise, either alone or in combination with another radical, is intended to mean a heterocycle as defined above fused to one or more other cycle, including a carbocycle, a heterocycle or any other cycle; or a monovalent radical derived by removal of a hydrogen atom therefrom. Examples of such heteropolycycles include, but are not limited to, indole, isoindole, benzimidazole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzodioxole, benzothiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, naphthyridine, and the following heteropolycycles:
and saturated, unsaturated and aromatic derivatives thereof.
The term “halo” as used herein is intended to mean a halogen substituent selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
The term “oxo” as used herein is intended to mean an oxygen atom attached to a carbon atom as a substituent by a double bond (═O).
The term “thioxo” as used herein is intended to mean a sulfur atom attached to a carbon atom as a substituent by a double bond (═S).
The term “imino” as used herein is intended to mean a NH group attached to a carbon atom as a substituent by a double bond (═NH).
The term “cyano” or “CN” as used herein is intended to mean a nitrogen atom attached to a carbon atom by a triple bond (CEN).
The term “salt thereof” as used herein is intended to mean any acid and/or base addition salt of a compound according to the invention, including but not limited to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention (e.g. trifluoro acetate salts) also comprise a part of the invention.
As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. For example, such salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, besylates, bicarbonates, bitartrates, bromides/hydrobromides, Ca-edetates/edetates, camsylates, carbonates, chlorides/hydrochlorides, citrates, edisylates, ethane disulfonates, estolates esylates, fumarates, gluceptates, gluconates, glutamates, glycolates, glycollylarsnilates, hexylresorcinates, hydrabamines, hydroxymaleates, hydroxynaphthoates, iodides, isothionates, lactates, lactobionates, malates, maleates, mandelates, methanesulfonates, mesylates, methylbromides, methylnitrates, methylsulfates, mucates, napsylates, nitrates, oxalates, pamoates, pantothenates, phenylacetates, phosphates/diphosphates, polygalacturonates, propionates, salicylates, stearates subacetates, succinates, sulfamides, sulfates, tannates, tartrates, teoclates, toluenesulfonates, triethiodides, ammonium, benzathines, chloroprocaines, cholines, diethanolamines, ethylenediamines, meglumines and procaines. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.
The term “treatment” as used herein is intended to mean the administration of a compound or composition according to the present invention to alleviate or eliminate symptoms of the hepatitis C disease and/or to reduce viral load in a patient. The term “treatment” also encompasses the administration of a compound or composition according to the present invention post-exposure of the individual to the virus but before the appearance of symptoms of the disease, and/or prior to the detection of the virus in the blood, to prevent the appearance of symptoms of the disease and/or to prevent the virus from reaching detectible levels in the blood.
The term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a compound according to the invention, which when administered to a patient in need thereof, is sufficient to effect treatment for disease-states, conditions, or disorders for which the compounds have utility. Such an amount would be sufficient to elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue system, or patient that is sought by a researcher or clinician. The amount of a compound according to the invention which constitutes a therapeutically effective amount will vary depending on such factors as the compound and its biological activity, the composition used for administration, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of excretion of the compound, the duration of the treatment, the type of disease-state or disorder being treated and its severity, drugs used in combination with or coincidentally with the compounds of the invention, and the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient. Such a therapeutically effective amount can be determined routinely by one of ordinary skill in the art having regard to their own knowledge, the state of the art, and this disclosure.
The present invention also provides all pharmaceutically-acceptable isotopically labeled compounds of the present invention wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature.
In the following preferred embodiments, groups and substituents of the compounds of formula (I):
are described in detail.
Any and each individual definition as set out herein may be combined with any and each individual definition as set out herein.
wherein R2 is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 R20 substituents, wherein R20 is as defined herein.
Examples of preferred subgeneric embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the following table, wherein each substituent group of each embodiment is defined according to the definitions set forth above:
Examples of most preferred compounds according to this invention are each single compound listed in the following Tables 1 to 9.
Unless specifically indicated, throughout the specification and the appended claims, a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g. enantiomers, diastereomers, E/Z isomers, atropisomers) and racemates thereof as well as mixtures in different proportions of the separate enantiomers, mixtures of diastereomers, or mixtures of any of the foregoing forms where such isomers and enantiomers exist, as well as salts, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and solvates thereof such as for instance hydrates including solvates of the free compounds or solvates of a salt of the compound.
Suitable preparations for administering the compounds of formula (I) will be apparent to those with ordinary skill in the art and include for example tablets, pills, capsules, suppositories, lozenges, troches, solutions, syrups, elixirs, sachets, injectables, inhalatives and powders etc. The content of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in the range from 0.05 to 90 wt.-%, preferably 0.1 to 50 wt.-% of the composition as a whole.
Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing one or more compounds according to formula (I) with known excipients, for example inert diluents, carriers, disintegrants, adjuvants, surfactants, binders and/or lubricants. The tablets may also consist of several layers.
The dose range of the compounds of general formula (applicable per day is usually from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of body weight, preferably from 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of body weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 50 mg/kg of body weight. Each dosage unit may conveniently contain from 5% to 95% active compound (w/w). Preferably such preparations contain from 20% to 80% active compound.
The actual pharmaceutically effective amount or therapeutic dosage will of course depend on factors known by those skilled in the art such as age and weight of the patient, route of administration and severity of disease. In any case the combination will be administered at dosages and in a manner which allows a pharmaceutically effective amount to be delivered based upon patient's unique condition.
Combination therapy is contemplated wherein a compound according to the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is co-administered with at least one additional antiviral agent. The additional agents may be combined with compounds of this invention to create a single dosage form. Alternatively these additional agents may be separately administered, concurrently or sequentially, as part of a multiple dosage form.
When the pharmaceutical composition of this invention comprises a combination of a compound according to the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more additional antiviral agent, both the compound and the additional agent should be present at dosage levels of between about 10 to 100%, and more preferably between about 10 and 80% of the dosage normally administered in a monotherapy regimen. In the case of a synergistic interaction between the compound of the invention and the additional antiviral agent or agents, the dosage of any or all of the active agents in the combination may be reduced compared to the dosage normally administered in a monotherapy regimen.
Antiviral agents contemplated for use in such combination therapy include agents (compounds or biologicals) that are effective to inhibit the formation and/or replication of a virus in a human being, including but not limited to agents that interfere with either host or viral mechanisms necessary for the formation and/or replication of a virus in a human being. Such agents can be selected from another anti-HCV agent, an HIV inhibitor, an HAV inhibitor, and an HBV inhibitor.
Other anti-HCV agents include those agents that are effective for diminishing or preventing the progression of hepatitis C related symptoms or disease. Such agents include but are not limited to immunomodulatory agents, inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease, other inhibitors of HCV polymerase, inhibitors of another target in the HCV life cycle and other anti-HCV agents, including but not limited to ribavirin, amantadine, levovirin and viramidine.
Immunomodulatory agents include those agents (compounds or biologicals) that are effective to enhance or potentiate the immune system response in a human being. Immunomodulatory agents include, but are not limited to, TLRs (Toll-like receptor antagonists), such as ANA773(TLR-7) and IMO-2125(TLR-9), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors such as VX-497 (merimepodib, Vertex Pharmaceuticals), class I interferons, class II interferons, consensus interferons, asialo-interferons pegylated interferons and conjugated interferons, including but not limited to interferons conjugated with other proteins including but not limited to human albumin. Class I interferons are a group of interferons that all bind to receptor type I, including both naturally and synthetically produced class I interferons, while class II interferons all bind to receptor type II. Examples of class I interferons include, but are not limited to, α-, β-, δ-, ω-, and τ-interferons, while examples of class II interferons include, but are not limited to, γ-interferons. In one preferred aspect, the other anti-HCV agent is an interferon. Preferably, the interferon is selected from the group consisting of interferon alpha 2B, pegylated interferon alpha, consensus interferon, interferon alpha 2A and lymphoblastoid interferon. In one preferred aspect, the composition comprises a compound of the invention, an interferon and ribavirin.
Inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease include agents (compounds or biologicals) that are effective to inhibit the function of HCV NS3 protease in a human being. Inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease include, for example, the candidates BI1335 (Boehringer Ingelheim), VX-813 and VX-950 (Vertex), SCH-503034 and SCH-900518 (Schering-Plough), ABT-450 (Abbott/Enanta), VBY376 (Virobay), PHY1766 (Phenomix), ITMN-191 (InterMune/Roche), TMC 435350 (Medivir/Tibotec) and MK7009 (Merck).
Inhibitors of HCV polymerase include agents (compounds or biologicals) that are effective to inhibit the function of an HCV polymerase. Such inhibitors include, but are not limited to, non-nucleoside and nucleoside inhibitors of NS4A, NS5A, NS5B polymerase. Examples of inhibitors of HCV polymerase include but are not limited to those compounds described in: WO 03/007945, WO 03/010140, WO 03/010141, U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,281, WO 02/04425, WO 2008/019477, WO 2007/087717, WO 2006/007693, WO 2005/080388, WO 2004/099241, WO 2004/065367, WO 2004/064925 (all by Boehringer Ingelheim), (all of which are herein incorporated by reference) and the candidates R-7128 (Roche/Pharmasset), PSI-7851 (Pharmasset), IDX184 (Idenix), VX-759, VX-916 and VX-222 (Vertex), MK-3281 (Merck), ABT-333 and ABT-072 (Abbott), ANA598 (Anadys) and PF868554 (Pfizer).
The term “inhibitor of another target in the HCV life cycle” as used herein means an agent (compound or biological) that is effective to inhibit the formation and/or replication of HCV in a human being other than by inhibiting the function HCV polymerase. This includes agents that interfere with either host or HCV viral targets necessary for the HCV life cycle or agents which specifically inhibit in HCV cell culture assays through an undefined or incompletely defined mechanism. Inhibitors of another target in the HCV life cycle include, for example, agents that inhibit viral targets such as Core, E1, E2, p7, NS2/3 protease, NS3 helicase, internal ribosome entry site (IRES), HCV entry and HCV assembly or host targets such as cyclophilin B, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα, CD81, SR-B1, Claudin 1, VAP-A, VAP-B. Specific examples of inhibitors of another target in the HCV life cycle include ISIS-14803 (ISIS Pharmaceuticals), GS9190 (Gilead), GS9132 (Gilead), A-831 (AstraZeneca), NM-811 (Novartis), BMS-790052 (BMS) and DEBIO-025 (Debio Pharma).
It can occur that a patient may be co-infected with hepatitis C virus and one or more other viruses, including but not limited to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Thus also contemplated is combination therapy to treat such co-infections by co-administering a compound according to the present invention with at least one of an HIV inhibitor, an HAV inhibitor and an HBV inhibitor.
HIV inhibitors include agents (compounds or biologicals) that are effective to inhibit the formation and/or replication of HIV. This includes but is not limited to agents that interfere with either host or viral mechanisms necessary for the formation and/or replication of HIV in a human being. HIV inhibitors include, but are not limited to:
HAV inhibitors include agents (compounds or biologicals) that are effective to inhibit the formation and/or replication of HAV. This includes but is not limited to agents that interfere with either host or viral mechanisms necessary for the formation and/or replication of HAV in a human being. HAV inhibitors include but are not limited to Hepatitis A vaccines.
HBV inhibitors include agents (compounds or biologicals) that are effective to inhibit the formation and/or replication of HBV in a human being. This includes but is not limited to agents that interfere with either host or viral mechanisms necessary for the formation and/or replication of HBV in a human being. HBV inhibitors include, but are not limited to, agents that inhibit the HBV viral DNA polymerase and HBV vaccines.
Therefore, according to one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of this invention additionally comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or more antiviral agents.
A further embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition of this invention wherein the one or more antiviral agent comprises at least one other anti-HCV agent.
According to a more specific embodiment of the pharmaceutical composition of this invention, at least one other anti-HCV agent comprises at least one immunomodulatory agent.
According to another more specific embodiment of the pharmaceutical composition of this invention, at least one other anti-HCV agent comprises at least one other inhibitor of HCV polymerase.
According to yet another more specific embodiment of the pharmaceutical composition of this invention, at least one other anti-HCV agent comprises at least one inhibitor of HCV NS3 protease.
According to still another more specific embodiment of the pharmaceutical composition of this invention, the at least one other anti-HCV agent comprises at least one inhibitor of another target in the HCV life cycle.
Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following non-limiting examples which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. As is well known to a person skilled in the art, reactions are performed in an inert atmosphere (including but not limited to nitrogen or Ar) where necessary to protect reaction components from air or moisture. Preparation of compounds of the invention can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups. The need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups and reaction conditions can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. The chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981), and more recent editions thereof, herein incorporated by reference. Temperatures are given in degrees Celsius (° C.). Solution percentages and ratios express a volume to volume relationship, unless stated otherwise. Flash chromatography is carried out on silica gel (SiO2) according to the procedure of W. C. Still et al., J. Org. Chem., (1978), 43, 2923. Mass spectral analyses are recorded using electrospray mass spectrometry. Purification on a combiflash is performed using an Isco Combiflash (column cartridge SiO2). Unless otherwise specified, preparative HPLC is the purification method. Preparative HPLC is carried out under standard conditions either using a XBridge™ Prep C18 OBD 5 μM reverse phase column, 19×50 mm and gradient employing MeOH and 10 mM aqueous ammonium carbonate; or SunFire™ Prep C18 OBD 5 μM reverse phase column, 19×50 mm and gradient employing MeOH and 10 mM aqueous ammonium formate; or using a SunFire™ Prep C18 OBD 5 μM reverse phase column, 19×50 mm and gradient employing 0.1% TFA/acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA/water as solvents. Compounds are isolated as TFA salts when applicable. Analytical HPLC is carried out under standard conditions either using a Waters Sunfire™ C18 3.5 μM reverse phase column, 4.8×50 mm i.d., 120 Å at 220 nM, eluting in a linear gradient with MeOH and 10 mM aqueous ammonium formate or using a XBridge™ C18 3.5 μM reverse phase column, 4.8×50 mm i.d., 120 Å at 220 nM, eluting in a linear gradient with MeOH and 10 mM aqueous ammonium carbonate; or a Combiscreen™ ODS-AQ C18 reverse phase column, YMC, 50×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μM, 120 Å at 220 nM, elution with a linear gradient employing 0.1% TFA in H2O and 0.1% TFA in MeCN.
Analytical HPLC, which is carried out under standard conditions using a HSS™ C18 reverse phase column, 30×2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 μM, elution with a linear gradient as described in the following table (Solvent A is 0.1% TFA in H2O; solvent B is 0.1% TFA in MeCN):
Abbreviations or symbols used herein include:
Ac: acetyl; AcCI: acetyl chloride; AcOH: acetic acid; Ac2O: acetic anhydride; 9-BBN: 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane; BINAP: 2,2′-bis(diphphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl; Bn: benzyl (phenylmethyl); BOC or Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl; BOP: benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium; hexafluorophosphate; Bu: butyl; CDI: 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole; Cy: cyclohexyl; DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; DCE: dichloroethane; DCM: dichloromethane; DEAD: diethylazodicarboxylate; (DHQ)2PHAL: hydroquinidine-1,4-phthalazinediyldiether; DIAD: diisopropylazodicarboxylate; DiBAI-H: di-1-butylaluminum hydride; DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine; DMA or DMAc: dimethylacetamide; DMAP: 4-dimethylaminopyridine; DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; BnOH: benzyl alcohol; DPPA: diphenylphosphoryl azide; dppf: 1,1′-diphenylphosphinylferrocene; EC50: 50% effective concentration; Et: ethyl; Et2O: diethyl ether; EtOAc: ethyl acetate; EtOH: ethanol; HATU: O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; Hex: hexane; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; IC50: 50% inhibitory concentration; iPr or i-Pr: 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl); i-PrOH: isopropanol; (i-Pr)2O: diisopropylether; LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LiHMDS: lithium hexamethyl disilazide; mCPBA: meta-chloroperbenzoic acid; Me: methyl; MeCN: acetonitrile; MeI: iodomethane; MeOH: methanol; MS: mass spectrometry (ES: electrospray); MsCl: Methanesulfonyl chloride; NaHB(OAc)3: sodium triacetoxyborohydride; NaHMDS: sodium-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane; NMO: N-morpholine oxide; NMP: N-methylpyrrolidinone; Ph: phenyl; PhN(Tf)2: N-phenyltrifluoromethanesulfonimide; PPh3: triphenylphosphine; Pr: n-propyl; Prep: preparative; Psi: pounds per square inch; Rpm: rotations per minute; RT: room temperature (approximately 18° C. to 25° C.); SNAr: nucleophilic aromatic substitution; t-BME: tert-butlymethylether; tert-butyl or t-butyl: 1,1-dimethylethyl; tert-BuOH or t-BuOH: tert-butanol; TBAB: tetrabutylammonium bromide; TBAF: tetrabutylammonium fluoride; TBTU: 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl uronium tetrafluoroborate; TEA or Et3N: triethylamine; TEMPO: 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; THF: tetrahydrofuran; TLC: thin layer chromatography; TMS: trimethylsilyl; TMSCN: trimethylsilylcyanide; UHP: urea hydroperoxide; HPLC: ultra performance liquid chromatography.
Intermediate 1a1 is prepared as described in WO 2008/01947, herein incorporated by reference.
2-Amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (0.50 g, 3.27 mmol) is combined with pyridyl chloride 1a1 (1.00 g, 3.25 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (2.20 g, 6.77 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL). The mixture is heated to 80° C. and is stirred for 2 h. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT before HATU (1.33 g, 3.50 mmol), (NH4)HCO3 (0.63 g, 8.00 mmol) and TEA (1.25 mL, 9.00 mmol) are added. The mixture stirs 1 h before being diluted in EtOAc and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (2×) and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude material is purified by flash chromatography (6:4 to 4:6 Hex/EtOAc) to afford intermediate 1a2.
Reductive amination methodology described in the following publication: Abdel-Magid, A. F.; Carson, K. G.; Harris, B. D.; Maryanoff, C. A.; Shah, R. D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3849, herein incorporated by reference.
Aniline 1a2 (380 mg, 0.90 mmol) is added to DCE (10 mL) followed by 4-methylbenzaldehyde (0.11 mL, 0.95 mmol), AcOH (86 μL, 1.5 mmol) and NaHB(OAc)3 (300 mg, 1.40 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 20 h at RT. The mixture is then diluted in EtOAc and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude material is purified by flash chromatography (7:3 to 6:4 Hex/EtOAc) to afford intermediate 1a3.
Intermediate 1a3 (62.3 mg, 0.12 mmol) is added to (MeO)3CH (0.50 mL) followed by TFA (25 μL). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The mixture is injected directly onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 1001.
Intermediate 2a1 is prepared as described in WO 2009/018656, herein incorporated by reference. Compound 1002 is prepared in an analogous fashion to compound 1001.
Aldehyde 3a1 is prepared as described in WO 2009/018656, herein incorporated by reference.
To aldehyde 3a1 (2.0 g, 9.5 mmol) in 45 mL of DCE is added 3,3-difluoropiperidine-HCl salt (1.6 g, 10.5 mmol) and Na(AcO)3BH (2.8 g, 13.4 mmol). The mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The mixture is diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with water (100 mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic phase is then dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Combiflash, 15-40% EtOAc/Hex) to afford pyridyl chloride 3a2.
Pyridyl chloride 3a2 is coupled to 2-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid then elaborated to 1003 as shown in example 1A.
A mixture of pyridine-2,4-diol (97 g, 873 mmol), K2CO3 (121 g, 873 mmol) and water (1 L) is heated to 100° C. Iodine (222 g, 873 mmol) is added portionwise. When the iodine is consumed, the reaction is quenched with KHSO4 (0.873 L, 873 mmol). The solid is collected by filtration and washed with Et2O/MeCN (1:1) (2×), dried on a stream of air overnight and co-evaporated with toluene (3×) to yield iodide 4a1.
A mixture of 4a1 (207 g, 873 mmol), DMF (0.7 mL, 8.7 mmol) and POCl3 (1 L, 11 mol) is heated at 90° C. overnight with stirring. The solution is concentrated, quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3, extracted with DCM, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Co-evaporation with toluene affords dichloride 4a2.
A mixture of 4a2 (201 g, 734 mmol) and NaOMe (51.5 g, 954 mmol) in MeOH (2 L) is stirred at RT overnight then heated at 45° C. for 3 h. The reaction is diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Upon standing crystals are formed. These are collected, washed with a small amount of (i-Pr)2O followed by heptane and dried on a stream of air to afford 4a3.
A solution of 4a3 (33.1 g, 123 mmol), KF (7.14 g, 123 mmol) and CuI (23.39 g, 123 mmol) in NMP (165 mL) is heated at 80° C. Methyl-2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetate (51.8 mL, 491 mmol) is added and the mixture is heated 1.5 h at 120° C. The reaction mixture is poured into brine and Et2O is added. The solid is filtered and the layers separated. The organic layer is washed with water and the aqueous layer is extracted with Et2O. The combined organic layers are washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum followed by Kugelrohr distillation to afford the trifluoromethyl derivative 4a4.
Pyridyl chloride 4a4 is added to 2-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid then elaborated to 1004 as shown in example 1A.
Formamidine acetate (15.3 g, 147 mmol) and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene (20.8 g, 98 mmol) are mixed in DCM (100 mL) and water (100 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred vigourously and NaOH (6 M, 70.7 mL) solution is added dropwise over 30 min and stirred for 35 min. The layers are then separated and the organic phase is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is purified by kugelrohr distillation (80° C., 3 mm Hg), then distilled with a vigreux column to afford the desired product 5a1.
2-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (21.22 g, 139 mmol) is suspended in AcOH (140 mL) under Ar. To this mixture is added 2,4-difluorobenzaldehyde (23.39 g, 165 mmol) and the mixture is stirred 30 min at RT. To this mixture is added NaCNBH3 (17.78 g, 278 mmol) in portions while cooling with a water bath and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The reaction is quenched with H2O (500 mL), the solid is collected by filtration and washed with H2O. The solid is dried under vacuum at 50° C. to give compound 5b1.
Compound 5b1 (22.80 g, 81 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (200 mL) under Ar and HATU (37.25 g, 97 mmol), (NH4)HCO3 (12.91 g, 162 mmol) and Et3N (34.14 mL, 243 mmol) are added to this solution. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at RT. DMF is removed under high vacuum and the residue is diluted with H2O (400 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined EtOAc extracts are washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to dryness. The crude product is triturated in Hex/EtOAc (1:1) then in DCM and collected by filtration to afford 5b2.
Compound 5b2 (19.58 g, 70 mmol) is suspended in (MeO)3CH (150 mL) under Ar and TFA (7.5 mL) is added. The mixture is stirred 60 min at RT. Solvent is removed under vacuum. The residue is treated with H2O (˜250 mL) and vigorously stirred. The solid is collected by filtration, rinsed with H2O and hexanes and dried under high vacuum at <50° C. to give the desired product 5b3.
To a solution of phenol 5b3 (30 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) at RT is added K2CO3 (41 mg, 0.30 mmol) and the 2-fluoropyrimidine 5a1 (20 mg, 0.10 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred 1 h at 80° C. AcOH (500 μL) is added and the resulting solution is injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate, after lyophilisation, the desired product 1006.
Aniline 6a1 is prepared as described in WO 2009/018656, herein incorporated by reference.
The reductive amination to form 6a2 is performed as described in example 1A step 2.
To the phenol 6a2 (1.4 g, 4.53 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) at RT is added Cs2CO3 (2.2 g, 6.79 mmol) and 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine (1.5 g, 9.06 mmol). This solution is stirred at reflux for 3 h and then concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (20-50% AcOEt/Hex) to afford 6a3.
i) To ester 6a3 (0.88 g, 1.9 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) is added 10N NaOH (0.58 mL, 5.8 mmol) and this mixture is stirred 4 h at RT. THF (2 mL) and MgSO4 are added and the solution is filtered.
ii) Ammonium bicarbonate (0.46 g, 5.8 mmol) and HATU (0.88 g, 2.3 mmol) are added to the filtrate and the mixture is stirred at RT for 2 h. The resulting mixture is diluted in water then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic extracts are combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered then concentrated. Carboxamide 6a4 is utilized without further purification.
Compound 1008 is prepared from 6a4 using the protocol described in example 1A step 3.
To 1008 (24 mg, 0.05 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) is added 10N NaOH (9 μL, 0.09 mmol) and this reaction is stirred 20 h at RT. The solution is then diluted with AcOH (2 mL) and purified by prep. HPLC to afford, after lyophilisation, compound 1009.
To 1004 (220 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) is added HBr (48% in AcOH, 3.5 mL). The reaction is stirred 9 h at 80° C. A mixture of Et2O/EtOAc (20/30 mL) is added and washed with a sat. aq. NaHCO3 and brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Trituration with Et2O followed by filtration to isolate 1012.
To 1012 (35 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) are added K2CO3 (33 mg, 0.24 mmol) and 2-bromoethyl methylether (36 μL, 0.37 mmol). The reaction is stirred 1.5 h at 80° C. then diluted with EtOAc, washed with 1N HCl, water, sat. aq. NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum, followed by purification with prep. HPLC to afford 1010.
Compound 10a1 is prepared from 1012 and tert-butyl bromoacetate using the protocol described in example 9A step 1.
To 10a1 (44 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) is added TFA (1 mL) at RT. The reaction is stirred overnight then purified by prep. HPLC to afford 1011.
The SNAr between phenol 5b3 and 3,4,5-trifluorobenzaldehyde is performed as described in example 5C step 1 with purification by flash chromatography.
To a mixture of aldehyde 11a1 (66 mg, 0.15 mmol) in THF (2 mL) is added NaBH4 (2 mg, 0.05 mmol). This mixture is stirred 2 h at RT before being diluted with AcOH (1 mL) and directly injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 1013.
Reference: Su, D.-B.; Duan, J.-X.; Chen, Q.-Y Tet. Lett. 1991, 32, 7689, herein incorporated by reference.
NMP (145 mL) is degassed 30 min with Ar and is then heated to 80° C. KF (7.62 g, 131 mmol), CuI (1) (24.99 g, 131 mmol) and 2-iodopyridin-3-ol (29 g, 131 mmol) are added in one portion, followed by methyl 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetate (55.4 mL, 525 mmol). The resulting mixture is heated at 120° C. under N2 for 3 nights. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT and is then poured gently into a slowly stirring mixture of 50% concentrated NaCl (1 L) solution and Et2O (4 L). The organic layer is decanted carefully and the aqueous layer is extracted with Et2O (3×). The combined organic layers are concentrated, washed with brine (4×), dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography on silica (DCM:MeOH 1.2%-10) then with (1-Pr2O:EtOAc 9:1) followed by trituration in heptane provides 12a1.
To a solution of 12a1 (300 mg, 1.83 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) at RT is added Cs2CO3 (894 mg, 2.76 mmol) and the methyl-5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate (397 mg, 1.84 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred 2 h at 70° C. The resulting mixture is diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum followed by combiflash purification (20-50% EtOAc/Hex) to afford 12b1.
To a solution of 12b1 (325 mg, 0.95 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere, is added Pd/C (10% w/w, 32 mg) at RT. The reaction mixture is purged with H2 atmosphere and then stirred under H2 for 4 h. The resulting mixture is filtered through a Millex™ filter and concentrated under vacuum to afford 12b2.
To a solution of aniline 12b2 (190 mg, 0.59 mmol) in DCE (3 mL) at RT is added 2,4-difluorobenzaldehyde (93 mg, 0.65 mmol) followed by Na(OAc)3BH (150 mg, 0.71 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at RT. More aldehyde (210 mg, 1.3 mmol) and Na(OAc)3BH (300 mg, 1.4 mmol) are added after 12 h. AcOH (1 mL) and Na(CN)BH3 (74 mg, 1.2 mmol) are also added to bring the reaction to completion after stirring 2 h at RT. The resulting mixture is diluted with EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHCO3 and the organic phase is separated. The aqueous phase is reextracted with EtOAc and the combined organic phases are washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum, followed by combiflash purification (5-40% EtOAc/Hex) to afford 12b3.
To a solution of ester 12b3 (210 mg, 0.47 mmol) in a mixture of THF/MeOH (2:1, 4.4 mL) at RT is added 1N NaOH (2.4 mL, 2.4 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The resulting solution pH is adjusted to 5.5 with the addition of 1N HCl and the aqueous phase is extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford acid 12b4.
Amide 12b5 is prepared from acid 12b4 using the protocol described in example 5B step 2.
Compound 1014 is prepared from 12b5 using the protocol described in example 1A step 3.
To a solution of phenol 5b3 (75 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) at RT is added K2CO3 (130 mg, 0.91 mmol) and the 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine hydrochloride (85 mg, 0.39 mmol). The mixture is heated in a microwave with stirring at 150° C. for 12 min. The mixture is diluted with water then extracted with DCM (3×). The crude product is taken up in DMSO and purified by prep. HPLC to isolate, after lyophilisation, the desired product 1015.
To a mixture of 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzyl alcohol (1.00 g, 4.48 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) is added Dess-Martin periodinane (2.12 g, 5.00 mmol). This mixture is stirred 2 h at RT. The mixture is then partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHCO3. The organic phase is washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by flash chromatography to afford aldehyde 14a1.
Compound 1016 is prepared from 14a1 using the sequence described in example 12B.
To 2-fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid (5.12 g, 19 mmol) in MeCN (100 mL) and DMF (10 mL) at 0° C., is added DBU (3.20 mL, 20.9 mmol) and MeI (1.80 mL, 28.5 mmol). The reaction is stirred overnight at RT and then is poured into water (300 mL), extracted with EtOAc (2×), washed with brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford 15a1.
Aryliodide 15a1 (5.4 g, 19.3 mmol) is dissolved in dry dioxane (50 mL) and tributylvinylstannane (6.2 mL, 21.2 mmol) is added. The solution is degassed and Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (1.35 g, 0.10 mmol) is added. The reaction is heated 2 h at reflux. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT before being concentrated and directly subjected to flash chromatography (0-5% EtOAc/Hex) to isolate alkene 15a2.
To alkene 15a2 (3.49 g, 19.4 mmol) dissolved in THF (130 mL) and water (100 mL) is added 2.5% OsO4 in t-BuOH (1.4 mL) and NaIO4 (11.8 g, 56.6 mmol). The mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The volatiles are removed under reduced pressure before the mixture is extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Purification by flash chromatography (0-5% EtOAc/Hex) affords aldehyde 15a3.
To a mixture of chloropyridine 2a1 (3.00 g, 11.4 mmol) in anhydrous DMSO (15 mL) at RT is added dibenzo-18-crown-6 (2.06 g, 5.7 mmol) followed by KF (3.31 g, 57 mmol). The mixture is stirred at RT for 5 min, sonicated for 1 min, then heated in microwave (pre-stirring 30 sec) at 170° C. for 30 min. The mixture is diluted in EtOAc (600 mL) and ether (100 mL). The solid biproducts are removed by filtration. The organic filtrate is washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and partially concentrated. The mixture is diluted in ether and hexanes ( 50/300 mL), sonicated and filtered off (medium frit to remove crown-6). The filtrate is concentrated to dryness. The crude product is purified by combiflash (5% to 50% EtOAc/Hex) to isolate the fluoropyridine 15b1.
Reference for steps 1 to 3: Cogan, D. A.; Liu, G.; Ellman, J. Tetrahedron. 1999, 55, 8883, herein incorporated by reference.
(S)-(−)-2-Methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (1.52 g, 12.5 mmol) is added to the 2,4,6-trifluorobenzaldehyde (2.0 g, 12.4 mmol) in DCE (30 mL) under a N2 atmosphere. Ti(OEt)4 (4.8 mL, 20 mmol) is then added in one portion. The mixture is warmed to 80° C. and stirred 2.5 h after which the TLC indicates completion of the reaction. Water (10 mL) is added to the vigorously stirred cold solution (ice-bath) and celite (20 g) is added to the suspension. The slurry is vigorously stirred at RT for 30 min. The mixture is filtered and the celite cake washed with DCM. The filtrate is concentrated, taken-up in EtOAc, washed with brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 15c1.
To the imine 15c1 (3.28 g, 12.5 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) at −20° C. is slowly added 3.0 M MeMgBr in Et2O (10 mL, 30 mmol). The mixture is stirred 1 h at −20° C. then 2 h at RT. A sat. aq. solution of NH4Cl is added and the two phases are separated. The aqueous phase is reextracted with DCM (2×) and the combined organic phases are dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. Purification by combiflash separates diasteriomers 15c2 and 15c3. Absolute stereochemistry was assigned based on precedent described in the aforementioned reference
To 15c2 (1.93 g, 6.91 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) is added 4N HCl in dioxane. The solution is stirred 1 h at RT then concentrated to afford crude hydrochloride salt 15c4.
To the aldehyde 15a3 (419 mg, 2.3 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) is added the amine 15c4 (490 mg, 2.3 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.2 g, 9 mmol). The solution is stirred 4 h at 90° C. then 24 h at 120° C. 2.5N NaOH (9.7 mL, 24 mmol) is added and the solution is stirred 1 h at 50° C. Water is added and the resulting mixture is neutralized with 3N HCl. The resulting residue is separated and then taken up in MeOH (10 mL). The mixture is chilled to 0° C. then concentrated H2SO4 (160 μL, 2.56 mmol) and H2O2 30% (290 μL, 2.56 mmol) are added. This solution is stirred 1 h at RT before being diluted with water and extracted with DCM (2×). The combined organic phases are dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford phenol 15c5.
The carboxamide intermediate is prepared from acid 15c5 using the protocol described in example 5B step 2. Crude carboxamide is subjected to the protocol described in example 1A step 3, to obtain the phenol 15c6.
To phenol 15c6 (75 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) are added Cs2CO3 (56 mg, 0.56 mmol) and fluoropyridine 15b1 (86 mg, 0.35 mmol). The reaction is heated to 120° C. and stirred for 30 min in a microwave. The mixture is diluted with AcOH (1 mL) and DMSO (2 mL) and the mixture is injected onto a semi-prep. HPLC to isolate 1017.
Arylether 16a1 is prepared from phenol 5b3 and 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde using the protocol described in example 5C step 1.
To a mixture of aldehyde 16a1 (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in formic acid (95%, 0.5 mL) is added UHP (20 mg, 0.21 mmol). The mixture is stirred 1 h at RT before being concentrated. The residue is taken up in DMSO and AcOH then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 1019.
To nitrile 1018 (60 mg, 0.21 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) is added NH4Cl (32 mg, 0.6 mmol) and NaN3 (39 mg, 0.6 mmol). This reaction mixture is heated 3 h at 90° C. in a sealed tube. The mixture is diluted in AcOH then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 1020.
To aldehyde 16a1 (66 mg, 0.14 mmol) in THF (2 mL) is added NaBH4 (2 mg, 0.05 mmol). This reaction mixture is stirred 2 h at RT. The mixture is diluted in AcOH then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 1021.
Phenol 19a1 is prepared using the sequence described in example 5B.
To a mixture of phenol 19a1 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) is added Cs2CO3 (86 mg, 0.26 mmol) and the chloropyridine 2a1 (55 mg, 0.21 mmol). The mixture is heated with stirring at 90° C. for 4 h. The mixture is then injected directly onto a prep. HPLC instrument to isolate 1022. The compound is repurified by prep. TLC (95:5 DCM/MeOH).
To a mixture of 4-fluorophenylsulfonylchloride (500 mg, 2.57 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) is added NEt3 (0.40 mL, 2.87 mmol) and cyclopentylamine (0.26 mL, 2.64 mmol). The mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The mixture is then diluted with DCM and washed with 1N HCl and brine. The organic phase is dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. Crude sulfonamide 20a1 is used without further purification.
To a mixture of phenol 19a1 (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) is added K2CO3 (111 mg, 0.80 mmol) and the fluoroarene 20a1 (120 mg, 0.49 mmol). The mixture is heated with stirring at 110° C. for 18 h. The mixture is filtered, diluted in DMSO/MeCN then injected directly onto a prep. HPLC instrument to isolate 1023.
To a mixture of 3-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (1.00 g, 4.81 mmol) in EtOAc/MeOH (45 mL, 7:2) is added a freshly prepared solution of diazomethane in ether until the characteristic yellow colour persists. The mixture is concentrated to afford methylester 21a1 which is utilized without further purification.
Phenol 19a1 (200 mg, 0.50 mmol) is combined with fluoroarene 21a1 (130 mg, 0.60 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (410 mg, 1.25 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL). The mixture is stirred in a microwave at 90° C. for 10 min. An additional 1.2 eq of 21a1 is added and the mixture is submitted to the same microwave conditions. This process is repeated one additional time before the reaction is quenched with AcOH. The mixture is diluted in water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase is dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. Crude 1025 is purified by flash chromatography (DCM to 5% MeOH/DCM). The resulting material is then re-purified by prep. HPLC to afford compound 1025.
Arylether 22a1 is prepared from phenol 19a1 and 2,6-dimethyl-4-fluorobenzaldehyde using the protocol described in example 15C step 6.
To a mixture of aldehyde 22a1 (150 mg, 0.35 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) is added NaH2PO4 (140 mg, 2.5 mmol) in water (6 mL) and sulfamic acid (110 mg, 1.1 mmol). The mixture is chilled to 0° C. before NaClO2 (90 mg, 1.0 mmol) in water (6 mL) is added over a period of 10 min. The mixture is stirred for 15 min at 0° C. before being acidified to pH 2 with 1N HCl. The mixture is diluted with EtOAc then washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. Crude 1027 is purified by prep. HPLC to afford the final compound.
Carboxamide 1029 is prepared from acid 1027 using the protocol described in example 5B step 2 with purification by prep HPLC.
Intermediate 24a1 is prepared from 2-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid using the protocol described in example 5B step 1.
The anthranilic acid derivative 24a1 (1.0 g, 3.36 mmol, 1.0 eq) is dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol (7 mL) under Ar. To this mixture is added formamidine acetate (0.42 g, 4.0 mmol, 1.2 eq). The mixture is refluxed for 2 h (monitored by LC-MS). Additional formamidine acetate (0.28 g, 2.7 mmol, 0.8 eq) is added and the mixture is refluxed for another 2 h. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT before being filtered and washed with ethanol to afford quinazolinone 24a2. More product can be recovered from the filtrate by concentration and recrystallization from ethanol.
Phenol 24a2 (100 mg, 0.33 mmol) is coupled to 3,5-dichloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene (84 mg, 0.40 mmol) using the protocol described in example 5C step 1. The mixture is diluted with EtOAc then washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in THF (8 mL). To the mixture is added 1N HCl (5 mL) and tin (110 mg, 0.90 mmol). The mixture is stirred 2 h at RT before being filtered through celite and concentrated. Crude 24b1 is utilized in the next step without further purification.
To a mixture of hydroxylamide 24b1 (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) is added AcCI (8 μL, 0.10 mmol) and NEt3 (28 μL, 0.20 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT before being concentrated. The residue is taken up in DMSO then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 2001.
Aldehyde 25a1 is prepared using the protocol described in the following reference: WO 2008/019477, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of 24a2 (2.0 g, 6.5 mmol) and the aldehyde 25a1 (1.64 g, 7.8 mmol) in DMSO (30 mL) is added K2CO3 (2.25 g, 16.3 mmol). The mixture is stirred at 40° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool to RT and then poured into H2O (500 mL) while stirring. The solid is collected by filtration, washed with H2O and dried under high vacuum at <50° C. The solid is then triturated in Hex/EtOAc (4:1) overnight to give the desired product 25a2.
To 25a2 (2.31 g, 4.8 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL) at 0° C. is added NaBH4 (0.22 g, 2.8 mmol) in portions. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 40 min before being quenched with H2O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined EtOAc layer are washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to dryness to afford crude 25a3 which is utilized without further purification.
The quinzolidinone 25a3 recovered in step 2 is taken up in MeOH (50 mL). To this mixture is added Na2CO3 (1.02 g, 9.6 mmol) and I2 (1.71 g, 6.7 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at RT overnight. MeOH is removed under vacuum and the residue is diluted in EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with 20% Na2S2O3. The organic phase is back extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined EtOAc extracts are washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue is triturated in EtOAc to afford compound 2003.
Phenol 24a2 (100 mg, 0.33 mmol) is coupled to 3,5-dichloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene (84 mg, 0.40 mmol) using the protocol described in example 5C step 1. The mixture is diluted with EtOAc then washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in THF (8 mL). To the mixture is added 1N HCl (5 mL) and tin (110 mg, 0.90 mmol). The mixture is stirred 2 h at RT then heated to 60° C. and stirring is continued for 24 h. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is diluted with EtOAc then washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase is dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in DMSO then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 2004.
Phenol 24a2 is coupled to 2-fluoro-5-pyridine carboxaldehyde using the protocol described in example 5C step 1. Purification by prep. HPLC affords 2006.
To a mixture of aldehyde 2006 (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) in t-BuOH/2-Me-2-butene (5 mL, 3:2) at 0° C. is added 2 mL of an aq. solution of CaClO2 (17 mg, 0.19 mmol) and NaH2PO4 monohydrate (130 mg, 0.94 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT, partially concentrated, filtered and then purified by prep. HPLC to afford 2007.
To a mixture of alcohol 2003 (1.57 g, 3.1 mmol) in CHCl3 (70 mL) is added SOCl2 (0.71 mL, 9.7 mmol). The mixture is stirred at 40° C. for 2 h, then at RT overnight. The solvent is removed under vacuum and the residue is co-evaporated with CH2Cl2 (3×). The residue is triturated in Hex/EtOAc and filtered to afford benzyl chloride 29a1.
To NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 7.5 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added 4-azaindole (6 mg, 0.09 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, 29a1 (40 mg, 0.07 mmol) is added and the resulting solution is stirred 0.5 h at RT. The mixture is acidified with TFA before being injected directly onto a prep. HPLC to separate and isolate 2008 and 2025.
To 29a1 (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added the stannane derivative (83 mg, 0.23 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (11 mg, 0.01 mmol). The reaction is stirred 20 min at 120° C. in a microwave. The mixture is acidified with TFA before being injected directly onto a prep. HPLC to separate and isolate 2009.
A solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-amine (880 mg, 5.40 mmol) in 50% H2SO4 (12.25 mL) is cooled to −5° C. and a solution of NaNO2 (447 mg, 6.48 mmol) in water (4.4 mL) is added slowly. The mixture is left to return to RT and stirring is continued for 30 min. The reaction mixture is heated to 100-110° C. for 2 h. The reaction medium is added dropwise to a sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution (keep pH>7), and the mixture is extracted with Et2O (2×) and EtOAc (3×). The organic phases are combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide hydroxypyridine 31a1.
Hydroxylpyridine 31a1 is used to synthesize 2011 using the same sequence described in example 12B (synthetic method F).
Aniline 2004 is acylated to afford 2012 using the protocol described in example 24B step 2.
To benzyl chloride 29a1 (41 mg, 0.07 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added the boronic acid (19 mg, 0.11 mmol) and K3PO4 (70 mg, 0.33 mmol). Ar is bubbled through the mixture for 10 min before Pd(OAc)2 (4.5 mg, 0.02 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (9 mg, 0.04 mmol) are added. The reaction is stirred 20 min at 110° C. in a microwave. After the mixture cools to RT, the volatiles are removed under reduced pressure. The residue is taken up in DMSO (1 mL) and AcOH (0.5 mL) then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 2015.
Phenol 24a2 is coupled to fluoropyridine 15b1 using the protocol described in example 15C step 6. Purification by flash chromatography (6:1:1 EtOAc/acetone/Hex) affords 2022.
i) Phenol 24a2 is coupled to 3,4-dinitrofluorobenzene using the conditions described in example 5C step 1. The reaction mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford crude arylether which is utilized directly in the next step.
ii) To the residue in EtOH (8 mL) is added a sat. aq. solution of NH4Cl (3 mL) and iron powder (55 mg, 1.0 mmol). This reaction mixture is stirred 20 h at reflux then diluted with EtOAc and washed (2×) with brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford 35a1 which is utilized without further purification.
Reference: Beaulieu P. L.; Hache, B.; Van Moos, E. Synthesis 2003, 1683, herein incorporated by reference.
To the dianiline 35a1 (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added water (0.1 mL) then acetaldehyde (8 mg, 0.17 mmol) and Oxone® (74 mg, 0.12 mmol). The reaction is stirred 20 h at RT then diluted with AcOH (4 mL) and purified by semi-prep. HPLC to afford 2023.
To 29a1 (60 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added azetidine (10 mg, 0.18 mmol) and Et3N (67 μL, 0.48 mmol). The solution is stirred 2.5 h at RT. The mixture is acidified with TFA before being injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 2026.
To a solution of iodide 1a1 (300 mg, 0.98 mmol) in THF (3 mL) is added i-PrMgCl (0.54 mL 2.0 M soln in THF) at −40° C. The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 min and allyl bromide (0.13 mL, 1.5 mmol) is then added. This mixture is stirred at −40° C. for 15 min and then stirring is continued at RT for 30 min. The mixture is quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered under vacuum and concentrated. Crude alkene 37a1 is employed without further purification in the subsequent step.
Alkene 37a1 is transformed to aldehyde 37a2 using the procedure described in Step 3, Example 15A.
Aldehyde 37a2 is reduced to alcohol 37a3 using the procedure described in Step 2, Example 25A.
PPh3 (30.5 g, 116 mmol) and 1,2,3-triazole (7.3 g, 106 mmol) are added to a mixture of alcohol 37a3 (23.0 g, 106 mmol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL). The solution is chilled to 0° C. and DEAD (23.5 g, 116 mmol) is added dropwise. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 45 min then warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 hr. Water (100 mL) is added and the mixture is extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL). The organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated.
The crude material is dried, co-evaporated with toluene several times and dried under high vacuum until constant weight. The residue is taken up in hexanes cooled to 0° C. for 48 hrs. The desired product 37a4 is recovered by filtration.
Phenol 24a2 is coupled to chloropyridine 37a4 using the protocol described in step 6 example 15C, to provide compound 2029.
To a mixture of 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (30 μL, 0.49 mmol) in THF (2 mL) at RT is added phenol 24a2 (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) and PPh3 (70 mg, 0.26 mmol). DIAD (38 μL, 0.26 mmol) is added dropwise and the reaction mixture is then stirred overnight at RT. The mixture is filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in DMSO then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 2030.
Reference: Buck, E.; Song, Z. J.; Tschaen, D.; Dormer, P. G.; Volante, R. P.; Reider, P. J. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 1623, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of phenol 24a2 (60 mg, 0.20 mmol) in NMP (2 mL) at RT is added 3-iodopyridine (50 mg, 0.24 mmol), Cs2CO3 (195 mg, 0.60 mmol), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione (12 μL, 0.06 mmol) and CuCl (I) (6 mg, 0.06 mmol). This mixture is purged with Ar and heated 30 min at 160° C. in a microwave. The resulting mixture is filtered then directly purified by semi-prep. HPLC to afford, after lyophilisation, the desired product 2032.
Phenol 24a2 is coupled to 3,6-dichloropyridazine using the protocol described in example 5C, step 1. The product is used in the subsequent step without purification.
Chloropyridazine 40a1 (60 mg, 0.14 mmol) is combined with morpholine (1 mL) and heated in a microwave at 140° C. for 20 min with stirring. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in DMSO and injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 2033.
i) To a solution of phenol 24a2 (240 mg, 0.57 mmol) in DMSO (3 mL) at RT is added the 5-bromo-2-nitropyridine (120 mg, 0.60 mmol) and K2CO3 (300 mg, 2.17 mmol). The mixture is heated to 100° C. and stirred 5 h. The mixture is then diluted with water and extracted (2×) with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum.
ii) The resulting residue is dissolved in EtOH (5 mL) and Pd/C (10% w/w, 20 mg) is added. This mixture is stirred at RT for 2 h under 1 atm of H2. The solution is filtered on celite and concentrated under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in EtOAc and extracted with 1N HCl (2×).
The organic and aqueous phases are separated and manipulated as follows:
The aqueous phase is basified with NaOH 10N and extracted (2×) with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue is taken up in MeOH then Na2CO3 (200 mg, 3 mmol) and I2 (145 mg, 0.57 mmol) are added and the mixture is stirred 1 h at RT. The mixture is filtered on Millex™, diluted with AcOH and injected onto a prep. HPLC to obtain aminopyridine derivative 2038. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue is taken up in MeOH then Na2CO3 (200 mg, 3 mmol) and I2 (145 mg, 0.57 mmol) are added and the mixture is stirred 1 h at RT. The mixture is then filtered on Millex™, diluted with AcOH then injected onto a prep. HPLC to obtain pyridine derivative 2039.
i) To a solution of phenol 24a2 (60 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) at RT is added the 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) and K2CO3 (70 mg, 0.51 mmol). The mixture is heated to 60° C. and stirred for 1 h. The mixture is then diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated.
ii) The resulting residue obtained is dissolved in EtOH (8 mL) and iron powder (39 mg, 0.70 mmol) and NH4Cl (64 mg, 1.2 mmol) are added. This mixture is stirred at RT for 20 h. Additional iron (2 eq) and 1N HCl (3 mL) are added and stirring is continued for another 6 h. The mixture is then diluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in AcOH then injected onto a prep. HPLC to obtain the amino pyridine derivative 2042.
Reference: Yoakim, C.; Guse, I.; O'Meara, J.; Thavonekham, B. Synlett, 2003, 473, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of 3-methoxypropan-1-ol (21 μL, 0.21 mmol), compound 2036 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) and 4-diphenylphosphinobenzoic acid 2-trimethylsilylethyl ester (0.5M in THF, 430 μL, 0.21 mmol) in THF (2 mL) is added DIAD (46 μL, 0.23 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred 3 h at RT. To the mixture is added TBAF (1.0 M THF, 420 μL, 0.42 mmol). The mixture is stirred for an additional hour before being diluted with EtOAc and washed with water, 1N NaOH and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in DMSO then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 2045.
To a mixture of ethylester 2046 (75 mg, 0.16 mmol) in THF (2 mL) and water (0.4 mL) is added LiOH (39 mg, 1.6 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in DMSO/AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate acid 44a1.
Carboxamide 44a1 is converted to quinazolinone 2047 as described in step 3 of example 1.
i) trans-N-Boc-4-aminocyclohexanol is coupled to phenol 24a2 using the protocol described in example 38A (synthetic method U). Partial purification is accomplished by combiflash (3% MeOH in DCM).
ii) To a mixture of the Boc-protected intermediate (57 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) is added TFA (1 mL). The mixture is stirred at RT for 0.5 h. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in DMSO then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate 2049.
To a mixture of amine 2049 (4 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DCM (0.3 mL) is added Boc2O (2 mg, 0.01 mmol) and 1N NaOH (10 μL, 0.01 mmol). The mixture is stirred at RT for 1 h. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in DMSO then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate 2054.
3,5-difluorobenzonitrile is coupled to phenol 24a2 using the protocol described in example 5C (synthetic method B).
To a mixture of nitrile 46a1 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) in dioxane (0.5 mL) in a sealed tube vessel is added azidotributyltin (60 mg, 0.18 mmol). The mixture is heated to 100° C. and stirred for 20 h. The mixture is diluted in hexanes and the solid is collected. The solid residue is taken up in DMSO/AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate 2050.
To a mixture of acid 2047 (56 mg, 0.10 mmol) in THF (1 mL) is added a borane—THF complex (1.0 M in THF, 0.51 mL, 0.51 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT. The reaction is quenched with 1N HCl and stirred 0.5 h. The mixture is diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO3 then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in MeOH then Na2CO3 (110 mg, 1.02 mmol) and I2 (78 mg, 0.31 mmol) are added. The mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT before being quenched by diluting the mixture with sat. aq. Na2S2O3. The aqueous mixture is extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (6% MeOH in DCM) then purified again by prep HPLC to afford compound 2051.
Ethyl-4-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate is separated by combiflash (20-50% EtOAc in Hex) to afford the trans- and cis-isomers 48a1 and 48a2.
The respective alcohols 48a1 and 48a2 are coupled to phenol 24a2 using the protocol described in example 38A (synthetic method U) to afford compounds 2052 and 2053.
The Boc group of 2109 is deprotected using the protocol described in step 1ii) of example 45. The crude TFA salt 49a1 is not purified.
To a mixture of acid 49a1 (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) is added NEt3 (80 μL, 0.58 mmol) and MsCl (10 μL, 0.17 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 0.5 h at RT. The mixture is acidified with AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 2057.
1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethyleneketal is reduced to alcohol 50a1 using the protocol described in step 2 of example 25A.
Alcohol 50a1 is coupled to phenol 24a2 using the protocol described in example 38A (synthetic method U) to afford compoud 2060.
To ester 2052 (160 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) is added 10N NaOH (38 μL, 0.38 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 0.5 h at RT. Another equivalent of NaOH is added and the mixture is stirred for 20 min. The mixture is acidified with AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate acid 51a1.
Acid 51a1 is reduced to compound 2061 using the protocol described in step 1 of example 47A.
To a mixture of ketal 2060 (30 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DCM (0.9 mL) and water (0.1 mL) is added TFA (0.1 mL). The mixture is stirred at RT for 2 h. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in DMSO then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 2062.
Reference: Williams, J., M.; Jobson, R. B.; Yasuda, N. Marchesini, G.; Dolling, U.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 5461, herein incorporated by reference.
A stirring mixture of ester 2052 (48 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine.HCl (16 mg, 0.16 mmol) in THF (1 mL) is cooled to −15° C. i-PrMgCl (2.0 M in Et2O, 156 μL, 0.31 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred for 0.5 h. The mixture is diluted in sat. aq. NH4Cl and extracted EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in DMSO then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 2063.
To a mixture of 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (1.00 g, 4.8 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) is added BnBr (0.63 mL, 5.3 mmol) and DBU (0.86 mL, 5.8 mmol). The mixture is stirred at RT overnight. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is diluted in EtOAc. The organic phase is washed with 1N HCl, water, 1N NaOH and brine then dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by flash chromatography to afford benzyl ester 54a1.
Fluoroarene 54a1 is coupled to phenol 24a2 using the protocol described in example 13A (synthetic method G) to afford compound 2065.
To a mixture of ester 2065 (60 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) is added 2.5N NaOH (0.2 mL, 0.50 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The mixture is acidified with AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate acid 2066.
Nitrile 2075 is converted to tetrazole derivative 2067 using the protocol described in step 2 example 46A.
Aldehyde 2110 is reduced to alcohol derivative 2068 using the protocol described in steps 2 & 3 of example 25A.
To a mixture of acid 51a1 (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) and methylamine.HCl (8 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (0.6 mL) is added NEt3 (60 μL, 0.42 mmol) and HATU (29 mg, 0.08 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 3 h at RT. The mixture is acidified with AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate amide 2070.
To a mixture of acid 51a1 (23 mg, 0.05 mmol) in THF (1 mL), cooled to −15° C., are added N-methylmorpholine (8 μL, 0.07 mmol) and i-butylchloroformate (8 μL, 0.06 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 0.5 h. Saturated aq. NH4OH (˜10 μL) is added and the mixture is allowed to warm to RT and stirring is continued for 3 h. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate carboxamide 2072.
To a mixture of methylester 2073 (54 mg, 0.13 mmol) in MeOH (1.3 mL) is added LiOH (31 mg, 1.3 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in DMSO/AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate acid 2076.
To a mixture of ethylester 48a2 (100 mg, 0.58 mmol) in THF (6 mL), chilled to 0° C., is added MeMgBr (3.0 M in ether, 0.77 mL, 2.3 mmol). The reaction mixture is warmed to RT and stirred for 2 h. The mixture is diluted in 0.1N HCl then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is filtered through a pad of silica gel (eluent: EtOAc) to afford diol 61a1.
Diol 61a1 is coupled to phenol 24a2 using the protocol described in example 38A (synthetic method U) to afford compound 2077. The product is successively purified by prep HPLC and combiflash.
To a mixture of benzylchloride 29a1 (320 mg, 0.63 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) is added Et4NCN (170 mg, 1.1 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred for 5 h at RT. The mixture is diluted in DCM and washed with 0.5N HCl, sat. aq. NaHCO3, water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude nitrile 4022 is advanced to the next step without further purification.
A mixture of nitrile 4022 (300 mg, 0.61 mmol) in AcOH (4 mL) and conc. H2SO4 (1 mL) is heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 days. The mixture is then poured into water and neutralized by the careful addition of 1N NaOH until a precipitate is formed. The solid 2078 is collected by filtration and dried.
Phenol 24a2 (250 mg, 0.50 mmol) is combined with 5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde (190 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (650 mg, 2.0 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL). The mixture is stirred in a microwave at 110° C. for 10 min. After cooling to RT, AcOH is added to the mixture which is filtered, then injected onto a HPLC to isolate compound 2079.
To a mixture of alcohol 2111 (110 mg, 0.26 mmol) in THF (3 mL) are added PPh3 (200 mg, 0.78 mmol), DPPA (170 μL, 0.78 mmol) and DIAD (160 mg, 0.78 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 0.5 h at RT. The mixture is then diluted in sat. aq. NH4Cl then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. Crude azide 64a1 is purified by combiflash (2-5% MeOH/DCM).
To a mixture of azide 64a1 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) is added trimethylsilylacetylene (160 μL, 1.16 mmol). The mixture is heated in a microwave at 130° C. for 30 min with stirring. This heating cycle is repeated 4 additional times. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in AcOH then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate triazole derivative 2080.
To a mixture of phenol 24a2 (1.5 g, 3.6 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) are added ethyl-2-bromothiazole-5-carboxylate (1.0 g, 4.3 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.99 g, 11 mmol). The mixture is heated to 90° C. and stirred for 18 h under an Ar atmosphere. The mixture is diluted in water then extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. A sample of the crude product is purified by prep HPLC to isolate 2102.
To a crude mixture (not purified by prep HPLC) of ester 2102 (200 mg, 0.43 mmol) in THF (8 mL) chilled to 0° C. is added DiBAI-H (1.0 M in THF, 3.25 mL, 3.25 mmol). The mixture is warmed to RT and stirred for 18 h before being quenched by the addition of a sat. aq. solution of Rochelle's salt. The mixture is then extracted with EtOAc and the organic extract is concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (0 to 10% MeOH/DCM) to afford alcohol 65b1.
Alcohol 65b1 is converted to compound 2086 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
To a mixture of ester 2103 (100 mg, 0.21 mmol) in DMSO (0.5 mL) chilled to 0° C. is added 1N NaOH (1.1 mL, 1.1 mmol). The mixture is allowed to warm to RT and is stirred for 3 h. The pH of the mixture is adjusted to −3-4 and the resulting precipitate is recovered by filtration and washed with 1N HCl. The crude acid 66a1 is dried under vacuum then advanced to the next step without further purification.
Carboxamide 66a1 is converted to quinazolinone 2088 as described in step 3 of example 1A.
To a mixture of acid 51a1 (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) and N-methyl-1,2-phenylenediamine (34 mg, 0.29 mmol) in DMF (0.6 mL) are added NEt3 (38 μL, 0.27 mmol) and TBTU (35 mg, 0.11 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1.5 h at RT. The mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in AcOH and the mixture is heated to 70° C. in an oil bath and stirred for 1 h. The mixture is filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate benzimidazole derivative 2091.
To a mixture of bromide 2092 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMSO (0.7 mL) and MeOH (0.35 mL) is added NEt3 (40 μL, 0.28 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (4.4 mg, 0.01 mmol). CO is bubbled through the mixture for 5 min before the mixture is heated to 85° C. and stirred for 36 h under 1 atm of CO (balloon). The mixture is diluted in MeCN, filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate methylester 2097.
To a mixture of bromide 2092 (11 mg, 0.02 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) cooled to −78° C. is added i-PrMgCl.LiCl (1.3 M in THF, 20 μL, 0.03 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at −78° C. Saturated aq. NH4Cl (1 mL) is added and the mixture is allowed to warm to RT. The mixture is diluted in MeCN, filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate methylester 2100.
BF3-Et2O (110 mL, 870 mmol) is added to 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzoic acid (15 g, 81.3 mmol) in MeOH (250 mL) at RT. Et2O is distilled off until the temperature reaches 70° C. and the reaction mixture is heated to reflux overnight. BF3-Et2O (50 mL) is added to complete the reaction with an additional 24 h at reflux. MeOH is removed under vacuum and the residue is diluted in DCM (300 mL), washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum to afford methylester 70a1.
To a mixture of phenol 70a1 (10 g, 50.8 mmol) in DMSO (100 mL) are added at RT 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine (8.9 mL, 76 mmol) and K2CO3 (24.5 g, 180 mmol). The reaction is stirred overnight at 100° C. then cooled to RT. Water (300 mL) is added and the compound is extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layers are washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum. Purification by column chromatography (20% EtOAc/Hex) affords compound 70a2.
A mixture of 70a2 (4.0 g, 12.0 mmol) in NH3/MeOH (50 mL) is stirred 24 h at 100° C. in a sealed tube. The mixture is concentrated and crude product is purified by flash chromatography (2% MeOH/DCM) to afford carboxamide 70a3.
To a stirred mixture of nitroarene 70a3 (5.0 g, 15 mmol) in MeOH (150 mL), is added Raney-Ni (1.0 g). The reaction is stirred 24 h under H2 pressure (15-20 psi) at RT. The reaction mixture is filtered through celite and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to afford 70a4.
To a stirred mixture of aniline 70a4 (0.50 g, 1.7 mmol) in THF/MeOH (17 mL, 1:1) at 0° C. are added 4-methylbenzaldehyde (0.81 g, 6.7 mmol), NaBH3CN (0.42 g, 6.7 mmol) and a catalytic amount of AcOH. The reaction mixture is stirred at RT for 48 h. The solvent is removed under vacuum and the residue is taken up in DCM, washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product is purified by flash chromatography (20% AcOEt/petroleum ether) to afford intermediate 70b1.
A mixture of carboxamide 70b1 (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in (EtO)3CH (15 mL) is heated to 120° C. and stirred for 5 h. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT whereupon a precipitate is formed. The solid is collected by filtration and dried to afford compound 3001.
Reductive amination methodology described in the following publication: Abdel-Magid, A. F.; Carson, K. G.; Harris, B. D.; Maryanoff, C. A.; Shah, R. D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3849, herein incorporated by reference.
To a stirred mixture of aniline 70a4 (25 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DCE (1 mL) are added 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (12 mg, 0.08 mmol), Na(AcO)3BH (25 mg, 0.12 mmol) and AcOH (5 μL). The mixture is agitated on an orbital shaker at RT overnight. Another portion of aldehyde, Na(AcO)3BH and AcOH are added and the mixture is agitated for an additional 24 hr. Triethylorthoformate (0.5 mL) is added and the mixture is warmed to 80° C. and agitated overnight. The reaction mixture is filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 3007.
To a mixture of 2-(4-methylphenyl)ethanol (100 mg, 0.73 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) is added Dess-Martin periodinane (340 mg, 0.80 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The resulting mixture is diluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3, 10% aq. citric acid and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4 and filtered and concentrated. Crude aldehyde 72a1 is utilized in the next step without further purification.
To the aniline 70a4 (60 mg, 0.20 mmol) in 1:1 DCM/THF (3 mL) is added aldehyde 72a1 (27 mg, 0.20 mmol), Na(OAc)3BH (170 mg, 0.80 mmol) and AcOH (10 μL). The reaction is stirred for 2 h at RT. The resulting mixture is diluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 and brine then dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. To the residue is added (MeO)3CH (2 mL) and TFA (50 μL) and the reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The resulting solution is concentrated and purified by semi-prep. HPLC to afford 3023.
i) To the aniline 70a4 (110 mg, 0.37 mmol) in cyclohexane/MeCN (1:1, 2 mL) is added S-styrene oxide (49 mg, 0.4 mmol) and BiCl3 (20 mg, 0.06 mmol). This mixture is stirred during 20 h in a sealed tube at 60° C. The resulting solution is filtered on Millex™ and concentrated under vacuum.
ii) The residue obtained is dissolved in (MeO)3CH (2 mL), TFA is added (20 μL) and the reaction is stirred for 1 h at RT. The resulting solution is concentrated, dissolved in DMSO/MeOH (1:1, 3 mL) and purified by semi-prep. HPLC to afford 3025.
To a stirred mixture of aniline 70a4 (40 mg, 0.13 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) are added benzaldehyde (15 μL, 0.15 mmol), NaBH3CN (13 mg, 0.20 mmol) and AcOH (20 μL). The reaction mixture is stirred at RT for 20 h. Water (45 μL) is added to the mixture before the solvent is removed under vacuum. The residue is taken up in (MeO)3CH (2 mL) and TFA is added (20 μL). This mixture is stirred for 5 h at RT. The resulting solution is concentrated, dissolved in DMSO/AcOH (1:1, 2 mL) and purified by semi-prep. HPLC to afford 3027.
i) To (S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamine (170 mg, 1.2 mmol) is added K2CO3 (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) and a solution of fluoroarene 15a3 (55 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DMSO (0.5 mL). The reaction is agitated on an orbital shaker at 70° C. overnight. Water (1 mL) and HCl 12M (0.7 mL) are added and this reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h at 70° C. The resulting solution is diluted with EtOAc (4 mL), washed with brine (2×) and concentrated under vacuum.
ii) To the resulting residue is added MeOH (3 mL) and the reaction mixture is cooled to 2° C. and H2O2 30% (45 μL, 0.40 mmol) and H2SO4 16% (25 μL, 0.04 mmol) are added. The reaction is stirred for 6 h at 2° C. To the resulting solution is added brine (2 mL) and the desired product is extracted (2×) with EtOAc (4 mL). The combined organic phases are washed (2×) with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum.
iii) To the residue is added K2CO3 (150 mg, 1.08 mmol), DMSO (0.5 mL) and 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine (60 mg, 0.36 mmol). This mixture is stirred at 85° C. overnight. The resulting solution is filtered, washed with DMSO (1 mL) and AcOH (1 mL). The filtrate is diluted with AcOH (1 mL) and purified by semi-prep. HPLC to afford the product 75a1.
i) To the ester 75a1 (75 mg, 0.028 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) is added 1N NaOH (130 μL, 0.13 mmol) and this mixture is stirred 20 h at RT. THF (2 mL) and MgSO4 are added and the solution is filtered on Millex™
ii) (NH4)HCO3 (10 mg, 0.13 mmol) and HATU (20 mg, 0.053 mmol) are added to the filtrate and the resulting mixture is stirred at RT for 1 h. The resulting solution is concentrated under nitrogen flow and (MeO)3CH (2 mL) and TFA (50 μL, 0.65 mmol) are added. The reaction is stirred for 1 h at RT. The mixture is directly purified by semi-prep. HPLC to isolate compound 3028.
To a mixture of MeP(Ph)3Br (16.1 g, 45 mmol) in THF (130 mL) chilled to 0° C. is added KHMDS (0.91 M in THF, 49.5 mL, 45 mmol) and the mixture is allowed to warm to RT and is stirred for 15 min. The mixture is re-chilled to 0° C. and 2,4-difluorobenzaldehyde (3.0 mL, 27.4 mmol) is added as a solution in THF (10 mL). The mixture is allowed to warm to RT once again and is stirred for 30 min. The reaction is quenched with water and the resulting mixture is diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product is filtered through a pad of silica gel (eluent: 10% EtOAc in Hex) to afford alkene 76a1.
To a mixture of alkene 76a1 (322 mg, 2.3 mmol) in t-BuOH/H2O (1:1, 12 mL) is added K2OsO4. 2H2O (25 mg, 0.07 mmol), (DHQ)2PHAL (53 mg, 0.07 mmol) and NMO (60% in water, 0.60 mL, 3.5 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 21 h at RT. The reaction mixture is diluted in toluene (10 mL) and aq. Na2SO3 (492 mg, 3.9 mmol in 5 mL of H2O). The mixture is stirred for 2 h before 0.3M H2SO4 and sat. aq. Na2SO4 are added. The organic layer is separated then washed with sat. aq. Na2SO4. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude diol 76a2 is used in the next step without further purification.
To a mixture of tricyclohexylphosphine (467 mg, 1.7 mmol) in THF (6 mL) chilled to 5° C. is added DIAD (310 μL, 1.6 mmol). The mixture is allowed to warm to 15° C. and stirred for 10 min. To this is slowly added diol 76a2 (200 mg, 1.2 mmol) in THF (3 mL). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT and then the reaction mixture is concentrated. The residue is subjected to flash chromatography (1:9 EtOAc/Hex) to isolate epoxide 76a3.
Epoxide 76a3 and aniline 70a4 are used to synthesize compound 3034 as described in example 73A (synthetic method AJ).
Compound 77a1 is synthesized as described in synthetic method AH.
To the bromoarene 77a1 (70 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) are added K2CO3 (61 mg, 0.44 mmol), the 3-thiopheneboronic acid (28 mg, 0.22 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (17 mg, 0.01 mmol). The reaction mixture is purged with Ar, sonicated for 5 min followed by stirring overnight at 80° C. The resulting mixture is acidified with AcOH and purified by semi-prep. HPLC to afford compound 3035.
Intermediate 78a1 is prepared as described in PCT Int. Appl. WO 2008/019477, herein incorporated by reference.
Reference: WO 2006/064286, herein incorporated by reference.
To a stirred mixture of aniline 78a1 (100 mg, 0.33 mmol) in THF (2 mL) are added 2,4-difluoroacetophenone (60 μL, 0.49 mmol) and Bu2SnCl2 (5 mg, 0.02 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at RT for 5 min before phenylsilane (45 μL, 0.36 mmol) is added. The mixture is warmed to 80° C. and is stirred for 3 h. Additional acetophenone, Bu2SnCl2 and phenylsilane are added iteratively until the reaction is complete. The mixture is concentrated and the crude product is purified by combiflash to afford intermediate 78a2.
Intermediate 78a2 is converted to compound 3036 as described in example 6A steps 3 and 4.
To arylbromide 77a1 (70 mg, 0.15 mmol) in THF (1.5 mL) are added Et3N (51 μL, 0.37 mmol), 4-ethynylpyridine (17 mg, 0.16 mmol), CuI (3 mg, 0.015 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (17 mg, 0.015 mmol). The reaction mixture is purged with Ar, then heated at 65° C. in a sealed tube. The resulting mixture is acidified with TFA and injected onto a semi-prep. HPLC to isolate compound 3037.
Intermediate 80a1 is synthesized using intermediate 15c3 as described in example 15C.
Phenol 80a1 is coupled to 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine as described in example 27A (synthetic method O) to generate compound 3041.
Reference: Arvela, R. K.; Leadbeater, N. E. Synlett 2003, 8, 1145, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of arylbromide 3141 (40 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.4 mL) is added NiCl2.6H2O (18 mg, 0.08 mmol). The mixture is heated in a microwave at 170° C. for 5 min. The resulting solution is acidified with AcOH and injected onto a semi-prep. HPLC to isolate compound 3043.
To a solution of 4-methylacetophenone (930 mg, 6.9 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) is slowly added over 60 min a solution of Br2 (0.31 mL, 6.1 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 min and then quenched with a sat. aq. solution of NaHCO3 and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting mixture is extracted with Et2O (2×). The combined organic extracts are washed with water and brine then dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford the α-bromoketone 82a1.
To the aniline 70a4 (98 mg, 0.33 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) are added K2CO3 (110 mg, 0.99 mmol) and α-bromoketone 82a1 (120 mg, 0.58 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred for 12 min at 100° C. in microwave. Another portion of α-bromoketone 82a1 is added and the reaction mixture is again stirred for 12 min at 100° C. in a microwave. The resulting solution is diluted in water, extracted with EtOAc (2×), passed through a IST® phase separator cartridge and concentrated under vacuum. The crude residue is diluted in CH(OMe)3 (4 mL), TFA (0.1 mL, 1.3 mmol) is added and the reaction is stirred at RT overnight. The mixture is concentrated then the residue is taken up in DMSO and injected onto a semi-prep. HPLC to isolate compound 3044.
To a mixture of 3,5-difluorotoluene (100 mg, 0.78 mmol) in THF (4 mL) cooled to −78° C. is slowly added n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexanes, 0.50 mL, 0.80 mmol). After stirring 20 min at −78° C., DMF (20 μL) is added and the mixture is allowed to warm to RT. The mixture is partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase is separated and washed with brine. The organic is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford aldehyde 83a1 which is utilized in the next step without further purification.
Intermediate 83a1 is coupled to aniline 70a4 and converted to compound 3047 as described in example 71A (synthetic method AH).
To a mixture of 2-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (25.0 g, 163 mmol) in water (500 mL) and H2SO4 16M (33 mL) at 0° C. is added, over 30 min, a solution of NaNO2 (20.9 g, 304 mmol) in 100 mL of water. The temperature is maintained at 0-5° C. during the addition. After diazotization, a solution of KI (67.6 g, 406 mmol) in 100 mL water is added and the resulting reaction mixture is heated to 80-90° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to 0° C. and the solid is collected by filtration and the filtrate is extracted with Et2O. The combined organic layers are concentrated and combined with the filter solid. Treatment with charcoal in hot water and co-evaporation with MeOH (6×) provides iodide 84a1.
To 84a1 (25.3 g, 96.0 mmol) in MeOH (1 L) is added H2SO4 16M (12.0 mL, 115 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture is heated to reflux for 18 h then cooled down to RT. Most of the solvent is removed and the residue is partitioned between EtOAc and water. The combined organic layer are washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and decolorized with active charcoal. The charcoal is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated and purified by ISCO flash chromatography (Hex:EtOAc 2:1) to obtain ester 84a2.
To 84a2 (12.0 g, 43.2 mmol) in DMSO (200 mL) are added 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine (7.83 g, 47.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (14.9 g, 108 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated for 1.5 h at 80-82° C. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT and is poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer is washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue is purified by ISCO flash chromatography (Hex:EtOAc 5:1 to 2:1, gradient) to afford 84a3.
Ester 84a3 is converted to carboxamide 84a4 as described in example 12B steps 4 and 5.
To a solution of sulfinimine 15c1 (1.00 g, 3.8 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) is slowly added vinylmagnesium bromide (1.0 M in THF, 9.1 mL, 9.1 mmol) at −78° C. The reaction mixture is slowly warmed up to −10° C., stirred for 1 h and warmed to RT with continuous stirring for another hour. The reaction is quenched with a sat. aq. NH4Cl solution and extracted with DCM (2×). The organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered under vacuum and concentrated. Purification by flash chromatography using an AcOEt/Hex gradient isolates diastereoisomers 84b1 and 84b2. Absolute stereochemistry was assigned based on precedent described in the reference
Sulfinamide 84b1 is converted to amine hydrochloride salt 84b3 as described in example 15C step 3.
A solution of the iodide 84a3 (450 mg, 1.1 mmol), amine 84b3 (260 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (870 mg, 2.7 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) is degassed in a sonic bath for 5 min then Pd(OAc)2 (36 mg, 0.05 mmol) and XANPHOS (49 mg, 0.09 mmol) are added. The mixture is degassed for 2 min. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1.5 h at 60° C., concentrated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (10-90% AcOEt/Hex) to afford 84b4.
To a mixture of 84b4 (260 mg, 0.54 mmol) in MeOH/THF (1:1, 4 mL) is added 5N aq. NaOH (0.54 mL, 2.70 mmol). The reaction is stirred for 4 h at RT, quenched with 1N HCl and extracted with AcOEt (3×). The organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered under vacuum and concentrated to afford acid 84b5.
Intermediate 84b5 is converted to compound 3048 as described in example 5B steps 2 and 3.
To a mixture of 84b5 (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) is added N2H4.H2O (0.3 mL, 6.2 mmol). The reaction is warmed to 60° C. and stirred for 5 h. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is subjected to combiflash to isolate intermediate 85a1.
Intermediate 85a1 is converted to compound 3053 as described in example 5B steps 2 and 3.
i) To a mixture of 3048 (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in THF (1 mL) at 0° C. is slowly added BH3 (1M in THF, 126 μL, 0.13 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT. To complete the reaction, 9-BBN (0.5 M in THF, 600 μL, 0.30 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred for 2 h at 60° C. The solution is quenched at 0° C. with the addition of aq. 5N NaOH (0.60 mL, 0.63 mmol) and H2O230% (142 μL, 1.27 mmol). This mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT and then extracted with AcOEt (3×). The organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered under vacuum and concentrated.
ii) The residue is then combined with I2 (16 mg, 0.06 mmol) and Na2CO3 (20 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) and stirred for 2 h at RT. The resulting solution is quenched with a sat. aq. Na2S2O3, extracted with DCM (3×) and concentrated. The residue obtained is dissolved in MeOH (6 mL) and injected on a semi-prep. HPLC to separate alcohol compounds 3055 and 3056.
Reference: Suda, M. Synthesis 1981, 714, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of 3048 (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) in DCM (0.5 mL) at 0° C. is added diazomethane (0.7 M/Et20, 1 mL). Pd(OAc)2 (2 mg, 0.01 mmol) is added in one portion and the mixture is stirred at RT for 1 h. The mixture is concentrated partially under a nitrogen flow. The crude material is purified by prep-TLC (eluted with 100% AcOEt) to afford 3057.
Compound 88a1 is synthesized as described in example 5B.
To the bromoarene 88a1 (50 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) and water (0.2 mL) are added K2CO3 (56 mg, 0.41 mmol), the 3-pyridineboronic acid (25 mg, 0.20 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (12 mg, 0.01 mmol). The reaction mixture is purged with Ar for 5 min before being heated to 125° C. for 20 min with stirring in a microwave. The resulting mixture is acidified with TFA, filtered then injected on a semi-prep. HPLC to isolate compound 3058.
To a mixture of 3055 (22 mg, 0.02 mmol) in MeCN/H2O (0.3/0.2 mL) is added NaH2PO4 (0.67 M in water, 200 μL, 0.13 mmol) and TEMPO (1.2 mg, 0.01 mmol) followed by NaClO2 (2.0 M in water, 50 μL, 0.10 mmol) and NaClO (50 μL of dilute Javel™; 30 μL in 0.5 mL of water). The reaction mixture is warmed to 45° C. and stirred for 2 h. Additional TEMPO (2 mg) is added and stirring is continued for an additional 2 h at 45° C. The mixture is acidified with AcOH, filtered and injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate 3064.
Reference: Ma, D; Xia, C. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 2583, herein incorporated by reference.
A mixture of iodide 84a4 (1.00 g, 2.5 mmol), 3-amino-3-(4-methylphenyl)butanoic acid (0.53 g, 2.9 mmol), K2CO3 (0.85 g, 6.1 mmol) and CuI (23 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) and water (0.2 mL) is heated to 160° C. with stirring for 25 min in a microwave. The reaction is diluted in 1N HCl and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered under vacuum and concentrated. Purification by flash chromatography (9:1 DCM/MeOH) and trituration (Et2O) affords the coupled aniline.
ii) To a mixture of the aniline-carboxamide in (MeO)3CH (10 mL) is added TFA (0.3 mL). The mixture is stirred 30 min at RT before it is concentrated to afford compound 3067.
To a mixture of thioether 3074 (23 mg, 0.04 mmol) in acetone (0.4 mL) and water (0.15 mL) is added Oxone® (100 mg, 0.17 mmol). This mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT. The mixture is diluted in MeCN, filtered then injected on a prep HPLC to isolate compound 3080.
Reference: Sanz, R.; Fernández, Y.; Castroviejo, M. P.; Pérez, A.; Fañanás, F. J. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 6291-6294, herein incorporated by reference. Pd(OAc)2/Xanthphos is found to be superior to Pd2(dba)3/BINAP for this coupling.
Aryliodide 84a3 (157 mg, 0.37 mmol) is combined with 2-chloroaniline (40 μL, 0.41 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (180 mg, 0.56 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) and the mixture is degassed (Ar bubbling). Pd(OAc)2 (13 mg, 0.02 mmol) and Xanthphos (17 mg, 0.03 mmol) are added and the mixture is heated to 110° C. and stirred overnight. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is loaded directly onto a CombiFlash (hex/EtOAc, 5% to 100%) to isolate diarylaniline 92a1.
Intermediate 92a1 is converted to 92a2 using the protocols described in steps 4-6 in example 12B.
Arylchloride 92a2 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) is combined with 4-methylphenylboronic acid (25 mg, 0.18 mmol) and aq. Na2CO3 (2.0 M, 0.18 mL) in DMF (1 mL). Ar is bubbled through the mixture for 10 min before (Bu3P)2Pd (6 mg, 0.01 mmol) is added. The mixture is then heated to 150° C. in a microwave for 15 min with stirring. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture is filtered then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 3084.
Intermediate 84a3 is coupled to 3-amino-2-bromopyridine using the protocols described in example 92A step 1.
Intermediate 93a1 is coupled to 4-methylphenylboronic acid using the protocol described in example 88A (synthetic protocol AQ).
Intermediate 93a2 is converted to 3090 using the protocols described in example 12B steps 4-6.
Intermediate 94a1 is synthesized as described in example 93A.
To a mixture of pyridine 94a1 (640 mg, 1.3 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) is added mCPBA (550 mg, 2.6 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT. The reaction mixture is diluted in sat. aq. Na2CO3 then extracted with DCM (3×). The organic phase is passed through an IST® phase separator cartidge to afford N-oxide 94a2.
Reference: Kanekiyo, N.; Kuwada, T.; Choshi, T.; Nobuhiro, J.; Hibino, S. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 8793, herein incorporated by reference.
A mixture of N-oxide 94a2 (660 mg, 1.3 mmol) in Ac2O (5 mL) is heated to 100° C. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture is concentrated and dried in vacuo. The residue is diluted in THF/MeOH/water (5:2.5:2.5 mL) and 10N NaOH (2.5 mL, 25 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The mixture is diluted in sat. aq. NH4Cl then extracted with DCM. The aqueous phase is concentrated. The residue is taken up in MeOH and filtered to remove solids. The organic filtrate is concentrated then diluted in toluene and re-concentrated (2×) to afford crude pyridine/acid 94a3 which is utilized in the next step without further purification.
Intermediate 94a3 is converted to 3093 using the protocols described in example 12B steps 5-6.
i) To a stirred mixture of aniline 78a1 (300 mg, 0.96 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) and AcOH (50 μL) are added NaCNBH3 (25 mg, 0.40 mmol) and formaldehyde (35% in water, 29 μL, 0.34 mmol), The mixture is stirred at RT for 1 h. Another portion of NaCNBH3 and formaldehyde are added and stirring is continued for an additional hour. The mixture is concentrated and then DMSO (3 mL) and 2.5 N NaOH (1 mL) are added. The mixture is stirred at RT for 1 h before being acidified with AcOH then partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic phase is separated, washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated.
ii) The crude acid intermediate is converted to 3094 using the protocols described in example 12B steps 5-6.
To a stirred mixture of pyridone 3093 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DCM/MeOH (1/0.1 mL) is added TMS-diazomethane (40 μL, 0.08 mmol). The mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The mixture is diluted in water then extracted with DCM. The organic phase is passed through a IST® phase separator cartridge then concentrated. The crude product is purified by prep TLC (10% MeOH in EtOAc) to afford methylether 3095.
To a stirred mixture of pyridone 3093 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) are added K2CO3 (10 mg, 0.07 mmol) and cyclopropylmethyl bromide (13 μL, 0.13 mmol). The mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The mixture is diluted in water then extracted with DCM. The organic phase is passed through an IST phase separator cartridge then concentrated. The crude product is purified by prep HPLC to afford ether 3096.
To a stirred mixture of pyridone 3093 (34 mg, 0.07 mmol) in MeCN (1 mL) are added Cs2CO3 (32 mg, 0.10 mmol) and methyl-2-bromoacetate (7 μL, 0.07 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT. The mixture is diluted in water then extracted with DCM. The organic phase is passed through an IST phase separator cartridge then concentrated. The crude product is purified by prep HPLC to afford ether 3097.
To a stirred mixture of t-Bu ester 3098 (48 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) is added TFA (0.5 mL). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The mixture is diluted in water then extracted with DCM. The organic phase is passed through an IST® phase separator cartridge then concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (0 to 10% MeOH in DCM) to afford acid 3100.
Bromopyridine 3086 (11 mg, 0.02 mmol) is combined with 4-bromophenylboronic acid (7 mg, 0.03 mmol) and aq. Na2CO3 (2.0 M, 40 μL) in DMF (0.5 mL). Ar is bubbled through the mixture for 10 min before (Bu3P)2Pd (1.3 mg, 0.002 mmol) is added. The mixture is then heated to 65° C. and stirred for 16 h. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture is filtered then injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 3101.
3-Amino-4-iodopyridine is coupled to 2,4-difluorophenylboronic acid to form biaryl 101a1 using the protocol described in example 88A (synthetic method AQ).
Aminopyridine 101a1 is coupled to iodoarene 84a3 using the protocol described in example 92A (synthetic method AR).
Intermediate 101a2 is converted to 3110 using the protocols described in example 12B steps 4-6.
To a stirred mixture of Boc-protected amine 3113 (330 mg, 0.61 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) is added 4N HCl in dioxane (1.0 mL, 4.0 mmol). The mixture is stirred overnight at RT. The mixture is concentrated then diluted in MeCN and re-concentrated (3×). The crude product is triturated in MeCN to afford hydrochloride salt 3114.
Intermediate 103a1 is prepared using synthetic method AT.
A mixture of cyclohexene 103a1 (65 mg, 0.14 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) is purged with Ar (3×) before 10% Pd/C (25 mg) is added. The flask is charged with 1 atm of H2 and stirred overnight at RT. The reaction mixture is filtered then concentrated. The residue is diluted in (MeO)3CH (3 mL) and treated with TFA (0.1 mL). The mixture is stirred for 1 day at RT. The mixture is concentrated and residue is taken up in DMSO, filtered and injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 103a2.
Carboxamide 103a2 is converted to compound 3116 using the protocol described in example 1A, step 3.
To a solution of alcohol 3055 (200 mg, 0.40 mmol) in THF (2 mL) is added DBU (79 μL, 0.52 mmol) and DPPA (100 μL, 0.48 mmol) and NaN3 (140 mg, 2.2 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 16 h at RT. The mixture is diluted in 1N HCl then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered under vacuum and concentrated. Purification by flash chromatography using (1:99 to 10:90) MeOH/DCM affords azide 3121.
A mixture of 3121 (260 mg, 0.50 mmol) and 5% Pd/C (25 mg) in MeOH (5 mL) is stirred at RT under a H2 atm (balloon) for 4 h. The mixture is filtered then concentrated. Purification by prep. HPLC affords 3123.
Reference: Ma, D.; Cai, Q. Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 3799, herein incorporated by reference. In a microwave tube, bromopyridine 93a1 (300 mg, 0.64 mmol), phenol (105 mg, 1.12 mmol), Cs2CO3 (418 mg, 1.12 mmol) and N,N-dimethylglycine are combined in dioxane (1.7 mL). Ar is bubbled through the mixture for 10 min. CuI (17 mg, 0.09 mmol) is then added and mixture is heated to 150° C. in a microwave and stirred for 40 min. After cooling to RT, the mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Combiflash purification affords 105a1.
Intermediate 105a1 is converted to 3122 using the protocols described in example 12B steps 4-6.
To a mixture of the phosphonate 106a1 (15 mg, 0.02 mmol), isolated as a byproduct of example 104A step 1, in DMF (1 mL) is added KCN (27 mg, 0.41 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT then is warmed to 50° C. and stirred for 1 h. The mixture is warmed once again to 60° C. and stirred for 16 h. The mixture is diluted in water and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic layers are combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Purification by prep-TLC using (5:95) MeOH/DCM affords nitrile 3124.
Reference for steps 1 & 2: Eastwood, P. R. Tet. Lett. 2000, 41, 3705, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of 4-methylcyclohexanone (0.5 mL, 4.1 mmol) in THF (10 mL) cooled to −78° C. is added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 4.5 mL, 4.5 mmol). The mixture is allowed to warm to 0° C. over 45 min. This mixture is cooled to −78° C. once again and PhN(Tf)2 is added as a mixture in THF (1 mL). The mixture is allowed to warm to RT and is stirred for 2 h. The mixture is diluted in sat. aq. NH4Cl then extracted with Et2O. The organic phase is dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (5 to 50% Et2O in Hex) to afford vinyltriflate 107a1.
A mixture of vinyltriflate 107a1 (6500 mg, 2.7 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (770 mg, 3.1 mmol), KOAc (780 mg, 8.0 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (97 mg, 0.13 mmol) and dppf (74 mg, 0.13 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) is purged with Ar. The vessel is sealed then heated to 80° C. and stirred overnight. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is directly loaded onto a combiflash (eluting with 0 to 100% Et2O in Hex) to isolate vinylboronate 107a2.
i) Bromopyridine 93a1 is coupled to vinylboronate 107a2 using the protocol described in example 77A (synthetic method AL).
ii) The coupled product is converted to carboxamide 107a3 using the protocols described in example 12B steps 4-5.
Carboxamide 107a3 is converted to compound 3129 using the protocols described in example 12B steps 6.
Carboxamide 107a3 is converted to compound 3130 using the protocol described in example 103A (synthetic method AX).
A mixture of 5-chloroindanone (0.25 g, 1.5 mmol) and NH4OAc (1.2 g, 15 mmol) in i-PrOH (15 mL) is stirred at RT for 1 h before NaBH3CN (0.33 g, 5.3 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated to reflux and stirred for 3 h. The mixture is quenched by the addition of 5N NaOH (5 mL). The aqueous mixture is extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by flash chromatography (9:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford amine 108a1.
Amine 108a1 is coupled to iodoarene 84a3 then converted to 3132 using the protocol described in example 92A (synthetic protocol AR).
To a stirring mixture of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylcyanide (0.50 g, 2.9 mmol), TBAB (9 mg, 0.03 mmol) and KOH (60% in water, 0.98 mL, 10.5 mmol) is added 1,2-dibromoethane (1.0 mL) dropwise. The mixture is stirred at RT for 16 h. The mixture is diluted with water then extracted with Et2O (3×). The combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in MeOH (1 mL) and 10N NaOH is added (4.0 mL). The mixture is heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture is diluted with water then extracted with Et2O. The aqueous phase is acidified with conc. aq. HCl (pH ˜1). The aqueous phase is extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by flash chromatography (19:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford acid 109a1.
A mixture of acid 109a1 (400 mg, 1.9 mmol), DPPA (600 mg, 2.8 mmol) and NEt3 (0.38 mL, 2.8 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) is stirred at RT for 2 h. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is subjected to flash chromatography (19:1 DCM/MeOH) to isolate the acylazide intermediate. The acylazide is taken up in dioxane (1 mL) and heated to 100° C. and stirred for 1 h. BnOH (1.0 mL) is added and stirring is continued at 100° C. for 2 h. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is subjected to flash chromatography (7:3 EtOAc/Hex) to isolate the Cbz-protected benzylamine intermediate. To a mixture of Cbz-benzylamine in EtOH is added Pd/C (5%, 50 mg). The vessel is charged with H2 and the mixture is stirred for 4 h under 1 atm of H2. The mixture is filtered then subjected to prep TLC plate to isolate amine 109a2.
Amine 109a2 is coupled to iodoarene 84a3 then converted to 3134 using the protocol described in example 92A (synthetic protocol AR).
Pyridylbromide 3086 is coupled with 2-fluoro-4-formylphenylboronic acid to form 110a1 using the protocol described in example 77A (synthetic method AL).
To a mixture of aldehyde 110a1 (87 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DCM (0.5 mL) is added Deoxofluor™ (54 μL, 0.29 mmol) dropwise. The mixture is stirred at RT for 3 days. The mixture is diluted in sat. aq. NaHCO3 then extracted with DCM. The organic extract is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by prep HPLC to afford compound 3135.
To a mixture of arylbromide 3136 (50 mg, 0.10 mmol) in EtOAc/MeOH (1:1, 2 mL) is added 5% Pd/C (20 mg). The flask is charged with 1 atm of H2 and stirred overnight at RT. The reaction mixture is filtered then concentrated. The residue is diluted in AcOH (3 mL) and injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 3139.
To a mixture of aldehyde 25a2 (70 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) is added 6-aminobenzothiazole (45 mg, 0.30 mmol) and HCl (4N in dioxane, 76 μL, 0.31 mmol). After stirring for 30 min at RT, NaCNBH3 (3 mg, 0.05 mmol) is added and the resulting mixture is stirred for 30 min at RT. The mixture is then diluted with AcOH and injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 4008.
A mixture of aldehyde 25a2 (60 mg, 0.13 mmol), cyclopropylsulfonamide (16 mg, 0.13 mmol) and molecular sieves (4 Å) in DCE (2 mL) is heated to 150° C. and stirred for 50 min. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT and NaBH4 (8 mg, 0.20 mmol) is added portionwise. This mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in MeOH (0.5 mL) and I2 (50 mg) is added. This mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT. The reaction is quenched by the addition of solid Na2S2O3. The mixture is diluted in DMSO/AcOH, filtered and injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 4016.
A mixture of cyanide 4022 (50 mg, 0.10 mmol), Na2CO3 (54 mg, 0.51 mmol) and I2 (44 mg, 0.17 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) is stirred for 16 h at RT. The reaction is quenched by the addition of sat. aqueous Na2S2O3 then extracted with EtOAc. The organic extract is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is taken up in DMSO/AcOH and injected onto a prep HPLC to afford compound 4018.
To nitrile 4022 (100 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) is added NH4Cl (26 mg, 0.49 mmol) and NaN3 (79 mg, 1.2 mmol) in a sealed tube. This reaction mixture is degassed with Ar before being heated to 120° C. for 6 h. The mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is taken up in DMSO/AcOH and injected onto a prep HPLC to afford compound 4020.
To a mixture of nitrile 4022 (100 mg, 0.20 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) is added NH2OH.HCl (16 mg, 0.22 mmol) and NaHCO3 (20 mg, 0.24 mmol). The mixture is heated to 70° C. and stirred for 5 h. The mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is combined with CU (66 mg, 0.41 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL). The mixture is heated to 100° C. and stirred for 1 h. The mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is taken up in DMSO/AcOH and injected onto a prep HPLC to afford compound 4021.
A mixture of aldehyde 25a2 (300 mg, 0.63 mmol) and (carbethoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane (220 mg, 0.63 mmol) in THF (10 mL) is heated to 80° C. and stirred for 3 h. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT, concentrated and the residue loaded onto a combiflash (0 to 5% MeOH in DCM) to isolate unsaturated ester 117a1.
i) A mixture of unsaturated ester 117a1 (110 mg, 0.20 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) is purged with Ar (3×) before 10% Pd/C (30 mg) is added. The flask is charged with 1 atm of H2 and stirred for 5 h at RT. The reaction mixture is filtered then concentrated.
ii) The residue is taken up in DMSO and treated with 1N NaOH (1 mL) and stirred for 0.5 h at RT. The mixture is acidified with AcOH before being diluted in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated.
iii) The residue is taken up in MeOH and treated with Na2CO3 (42 mg, 0.40 mmol) and I2 (61 mg, 0.24 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The reaction is quenched by the addition of sat. aq. Na2S2O3. The mixture diluted in EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is diluted in DMSO and injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 4053.
Ester 117a1 is saponified to acid 4034 using the protocol described in section ii) of step 2 followed by purification by prep HPLC.
Phenol 24a2 is coupled to 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-5-nitropyridine using the protocol described in example 5C (synthetic method B) to form intermediate 118a1.
To a mixture of nitroarene 118a1 (1.1 g, 2.1 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) and 1N HCl (5 mL) zinc (powdered, 0.69 g, 11 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred for 3 h at 100° C. The mixture is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated. The residue is subjected to combiflash (0 to 5% MeOH in DCM) to isolate compound 4033.
To a mixture of aminopyridine 4033 (120 mg, 0.26 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) is added and ethylisocyanatoacetate (40 mg, 0.31 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at 60° C. The mixture is concentrated and taken up in DMSO (3.5 mL) and 1N NaOH (0.5 mL, 0.5 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 10 min at 50° C. before being quenched by the addition of AcOH. The mixture is filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compounds 4030 and 4031.
To a chilled (0° C.) mixture of aldehyde 25a2 (300 mg, 0.63 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) is added TMSCN (0.25 mL, 1.9 mmol) and ZnI2 (100 mg, 0.31 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT before being portioned between water and DCM. The aqueous phase is separated and extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford intermediate 119a1 which is utilized without further purification.
A mixture of nitrile 119a1 (100 mg, 0.17 mmol) in AcOH (30 mL) and conc H2SO4 (0.5 mL) is stirred for 1 h at 100° C. The mixture is diluted in AcOH, filtered then injected onto prep. HPLC to isolate compounds 4035 and 4036.
Intermediate 120a1 is synthesized from pyridylchloride 1a1 and phenol 5b3 using synthetic method I.
To a mixture of 120a1 (56 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DMSO (2.5 mL) is added Pd(OAc)2 (2 mg, 0.01 mmol), Cs2CO3 (180 mg, 0.56 mmol), rac-BINAP (8 mg, 0.01 mmol) followed by piperidine (44 μL, 0.50 mmol). The mixture is degassed with Ar then stirred overnight at 115° C. The mixture is diluted with DMSO and acidified with TFA then injected onto a semi-prep. HPLC to isolate compound 5004.
Intermediate 121a1 is synthesized from pyridylchloride 3a1 and phenol 5b3 using the protocol described in example 19A (synthetic method I).
To a mixture of aldehyde 121a1 (80 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) and water (40 μL) is added 1,2-diaminobenzene (25 mg, 0.23 mmol) and Oxone® (70 mg, 0.11 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The mixture is diluted with water and the pH is adjusted to −6. The resulting precipitate is collected by filtration. The crude product is taken up in DMSO/MeCN (1:2) then purified by prep. HPLC to afford compound 5014.
To a mixture of aldehyde 121a1 (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in EtOH (0.5 mL) is added AcOH (46 μL) and morpholine (14 μL, 0.16 mmol). After stirring for 30 min at 50° C., NaCNBH3 (6 mg, 0.10 mmol) is added and the resulting mixture is stirred for 30 min at RT. The mixture is then diluted with water, filtered and injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 5016.
To a mixture of t-Bu-ether 5034 (44 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) is added TFA (2 mL). The resulting mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The mixture is concentrated then diluted with DMSO, filtered and injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 5035.
Intermediate 124a1 is prepared from aldehyde 121a1 using the protocols described in steps 2 of example 25A and step 1 of example 29A.
To a mixture of 124a1 (35 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) is added NaCN (6 mg, 0.13 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred for 30 min at RT. The mixture is then acidified with TFA, filtered and injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 5036.
To a mixture of acid 6002 (100 mg, 0.20 mmol) in THF (10 mL) is added CU (130 mg, 0.80 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred for 30 min at reflux. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT and cyclopropanesulfonamide (97 mg, 0.80 mmol) is added followed by DBU (66 μL, 0.44 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred for 3.5 h at RT. The mixture is acidified with AcOH, filtered and injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate compound 6003.
Aldehyde 126a1 is prepared from 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde and phenol
24a2 using the protocol described in example 13A (synthetic method G).
Aldehyde 126a1 is reduced to alcohol 126a2 using the protocol described in step 2 of example 25A.
Alcohol 126a2 is converted to compound 6034 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
Alcohol 126a2 is converted to benzylchloride 126a3, using the protocol described in example 29A.
Benzylchloride 126a3 is converted to benzylcyanide 126a4 using the protocol described in step 1 of example 62A.
Benzylcyanide 126a4 is converted to compound 6037 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
To a mixture of benzylcyanide 126a4 (1.65 g, 3.4 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) is added a sat. solution of HCl in MeOH (80 mL). The mixture is stirred for 3 h at RT before it is purged with bubbling N2. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in MeCN. To the mixture is added 1N aq. HCl (3 mL). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT.
The mixture is diluted in the EtOAc and washed with water and brine then dried over
MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (40 to 100% EtOAc in Hex) to afford ester 126a5.
Acid 126a6 is converted to compound 6035 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
Quinazolinone 24a2 is reduced to quinazolidinone 127a1 using the protocol described in step 2 of example 25A.
Phenol 127a1 is coupled to F-arene 21a1 to form diarylether 127a2 using the protocol described in example 27A (synthetic method O).
Quinazolidinone acid 127a3 is oxidized to quinazolinone 6033 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
i) Methylester 7033 is saponified to the acid using the protocol described in step 3 i) of example 6A.
ii) The resulting carboxamide is converted to quinazolinone 7003 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 1A.
Aldehyde 129a1 is prepared from 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and phenol 24a2 using the protocol described in example 13A (synthetic method G).
To 129a1 (62 mg, 0.15 mmol) in THF (4 mL) at 0° C. is slowly added PhMgBr (1.0 M in THF, 150 μL, 0.15 mmol). Additional PhMgBr is gradually added until the reaction is complete. The mixture is quenched with AcOH. The mixture is concentrated, diluted in AcOH, filtered then injected onto a semi-prep. HPLC to isolate compound 7005.
Aldehyde 129a1 is reduced to alcohol 7006 using the protocol described in steps 2 and 3 of example 25A.
Aldehyde 131a1 is prepared from 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and phenol 127a1 using the protocol described in example 13A (synthetic method G).
i) MeMgBr is added to aldehyde 131a1 as described in in example 129A (synthetic method BL).
ii) To the intermediate in DCM (10 mL) is added Dess-Martin periodinane (300 mg, 0.7 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT before it is partitioned between sat. aq. NaHCO3 and EtOAc. The organic phase is separated and washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (40%-90% EtOAc/Hex) to afford methylketone 131a2.
Quinazolidinone 131a2 is oxidized to quinazolinone 7010 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
Quinazolidinone 131a2 is converted to 7011 using the protocol described in example 129A (synthetic method BL) followed by the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
Intermediate 132a1 is prepared from N-Boc-toluenesulfonamide and alcohol 7006 using the protocol described in example 38A (synthetic method U).
N-Boc group of 132a1 is removed to afford 7017 using the protocol described in step 1 of example 123A.
To carboxylic acid 7003 (130 mg, 0.31 mmol) in THF (1.5 mL) is added DIPEA (65 μL, 0.37 mmol) and the BOP reagent (150 mg, 0.34 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 5 min before chilling to 0° C. and then NaBH4 (24 mg, 0.62 mmol) is added. The mixture is allowed to warm to RT and is stirred for 1 h. An additional 2 eq. of NaBH4 is added and the mixture is stirred overnight. The mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with 5% aq. HCl, sat. aq. NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford crude alcohol 133a1 that is utilized in the next step without further purification.
Quinazolidinone 133a1 is oxidized to quinazolinone 7025 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
A mixture of aldehyde 2083 (150 mg, 0.35 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) is passed through an H-cube hydrogenation reactor three times at 40° C. and 60 bar with a 1 mL/min flow rate. The fractions were concentrated to afford quinazolidinone 134a1 that is utilized in the next step without further purification.
MeMgBr is added to quinazolidinone 134a1 to form alcohol 134a2 using the protocol described in example 129A (synthetic method BL).
Quinazolidinone 134a2 is oxidized to quinazolinone 7028 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
To a mixture of ester 7033 (138 mg, 0.31 mmol) in THF (3 mL) cooled to −78° C. is dropwise added DiBAI-H (1.0 M in THF, 1.1 mL, 1.1 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at −78° C. before the mixture is allowed to warm to 0° C. and stirred for an additional hour. Another 1.75 eq. of DiBAI-His added and the mixture is stirred at 0° C., gradually warming to RT overnight. The mixture is chilled to 0° C. once again and 3.5 eq of DiBAI-His added. The mixture is diluted in DCM and washed with a sat. aq. mixture of Rochelle's salt. The aqueous phase is back-extracted with DCM (2×). The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (0 to 5% MeOH in DCM) to afford quinazolidinone 135a1.
MeMgBr is added to quinazolidinone 135a1 form alcohol 135a2 using the protocol described in example 129A (synthetic method BL).
Quinazolidinone 135a2 is oxidized to quinazolinone 7029 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
To a mixture of ester 7031 (250 mg, 0.55 mmol) in THF (10 mL) cooled to −78° C. is added NaHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 0.61 mL, 0.61 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 0.5 h at −78° C. before MeI (1.0 M in THF, 0.55 mL, 0.55 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred for 1 h at −78° C. before being allowed to warm to RT. The mixture is concentrated and the residue is taken up in CH3CN/water, filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 7063.
Boronic acid 137a1 is prepared according to the procedure described in WO 2009/000818, herein incorporated by reference.
Reference: Gouts, S. J.; Adams, J.; Krolikowski, D.; Snow, R. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 5109, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of boronic ester 137a1 (150 mg, 0.47 mmol) in acetone (20 mL) and water (10 mL) are added NaIO4 (300 mg, 1.4 mmol) and NH4OAc (110 mg, 1.4 mmol). The mixture is stirred at RT for 16 h before 2N NaOH (30 mL) is added. The mixture is stirred for 1 h then the reaction is diluted in 1N HCl (pH ˜1). The organic phase is extracted with DCM (3×). The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford boronic acid 137a2.
Phenol 24a2 is coupled to boronic acid 137a2 to form compound 7064 using the protocol described in example 144A (synthetic method AC).
Aryl iodide 138a1 is prepared from 5-iodo-2-aminobenzoic acid as described in example 5B.
To mixture of iodide 138a1 (600 mg, 1.4 mmol) in DMF (6 mL), degassed with Ar, at RT, are added bispinacolatoborane (370 mg, 1.5 mmol), KOAc (380 mg, 4.0 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2-DCM complex (120 mg, 0.15 mmol). The reaction is stirred at 95° C. for 1 h. The crude reaction mixture is diluted with water and the product is extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic phases are washed with water, brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude mixture is further purified by combiflash (3% MeOH/AcOEt) to afford boronic acid 138a2.
4-(chloromethyl)benzylalcohol is coupled to boronic acid 138a2 to form compound 8001 using the protocol described in example 33A (synthetic method S).
To a mixture of 1a3 (11 mg, 0.02 mmol) in trimethylorthoacetate (0.2 mL) is added TFA (25 μL). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at RT. The mixture is filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 8002.
Carboxamide 140a1 is prepared from aniline 70a4 and 2,4-difluorobenzaldehyde using the protocol described in step 1 of example 5B.
To a mixture of 140a1 (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) in hydrocinnamoyl chloride (0.5 mL) is added TFA (25 μL). The mixture is warmed to 50° C. and stirred for 16 h. The mixture is diluted in AcOH, filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 8004.
To a mixture of 140a1 (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) in tetraethylorthocarbonate (0.5 mL) is added TFA (25 μL). The mixture is heated to 120° C. and stirred for 1 h. The mixture is concentrated then diluted in DMSO, filtered then injected onto a prep HPLC to isolate compound 8005.
Reference: Takagi, K. Chem. Lett. 1985, 14, 1307, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of iodide 138a1 (500 mg, 1.2 mmol) in DMF (2.5 mL), degassed with Ar, at RT, are added NiBr2 (27 mg, 0.12 mmol), thiourea (140 mg, 1.8 mmol) and NaCNBH3 (11 mg, 0.18 mmol). The reaction is stirred at 120° C. for 0.5 h in a microwave (2×). The crude reaction mixture is diluted in EtOAc/Et2O. The organic phase is washed with 10% aq. citric acid, water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the crude disulfide 142a1 that is utilized in the next step without further purification.
Reference (disulfide reduction): Vidya Sagar Reddy, G.; Venkat Rao, G.; lyengar, D. S. Synth. Comm. 2000, 30, 859, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of disulfide 142a1 (100 mg, 0.16 mmol) in EtOH (6 mL) are added Indium powder (140 mg, 1.2 mmol) and NH3Cl (64 mg, 1.2 mmol). The reaction is stirred for 1 h at reflux. The mixture is concentrated to dryness and the residue is taken up in DMF. To the mixture is added 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine (50 mg, 0.30 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (220 mg, 0.67 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 15 h at 85° C. The crude reaction mixture is diluted in EtOAc then washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the crude thioether 142a2 that is utilized in the next step without further purification.
Quinazolidinone 142a2 is oxidized to quinazolinone 8007 using the protocol described in step 3 of example 25A.
To 1008 (35 mg, 0.08 mmol) in THF (1 mL) is added Me2NH2/THF (2 M, 40 μL, 0.08 mmol) and Et3N (28 μL, 0.20 mmol). The reaction is stirred for 20 h at RT. The solution is then diluted with AcOH (2 mL) and purified by semi-prep. HPLC to afford 8009.
Reference: Chan, D. M. T.; Monaco, K. L.; Wang, R.-P.; Winters, M. P. Tet. Lett. 1998, 39, 2933, herein incorporated by reference.
To a mixture of phenol 24a2 (500 mg, 1.2 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) are added 3-formylphenylboronic acid (357 mg, 2.4 mmol), NEt3 (1.5 mL, 11 mmol), Cu(OAc)2 (432 mg, 2.4 mmol) and activated 4 Å molecular sieves (350 mg). The mixture is stirred overnight at RT open to the air. The reaction mixture is then filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate is concentrated and the crude product is purified by combiflash (0 to 5% MeOH/DCM) to afford compound 2083.
A solution of n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 36 mL, 91 mmol) is diluted in anhydrous THF (200 mL) under Ar. The mixture is cooled to −70° C. then 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (15 g, 110 mmol) is added dropwise. The solution is allowed to warm to 0° C. then is kept at that temperature and stirred for 30 min. The mixture is cooled to −70° C. once again and chloropyrazine (8.0 g, 70 mmol) is added dropwise over 30 min. This mixture is stirred for 30 min at −70° C. A mixture of I2 (21 g, 84 mmol) in anhydrous dry THF (20 mL) is added dropwise to the reaction mixture. Stirring is continued at −70° C. for 2 h before the mixture is allowed to warm to ambient temperature. MeOH (5 mL) is added to quench the mixture. The mixture is evaporated to dryness and the residue is diluted in EtOAc (50 mL) then filtered through a pad of silica gel. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is purified by combiflash (Hex/DCM, 2:1) to afford 2-chloro-3-iodopyrazine 145a1.
Reference: Su, D.-B.; Duan, J.-X.; Chen, Q.-Y Tet. Lett. 1991, 32, 7689, herein incorporated by reference.
A mixture of dry KF (4.4 g, 76 mmol), CuI (11 g, 57 mmol), ClCF2COOMe (11 g, 76 mmol), and 2-chloro-3-iodopyrazine 145a1 (9.2 g, 38 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (40 mL) is heated with stirring to 115° C. under Ar and kept at this temperature for 3 h. The mixture is allowed to cool to RT before the mixture is quenched with water (20 mL). The mixture is made acidic with HCl (˜pH=1). The mixture is extracted with ether (4×200 mL) then the combined organic extracts are washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (200 mL) and sat. aq. NaS2O3 (2×50 mL). The organic layer is dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The mixture is carefully concentrated then the residue is distilled under high vacuum (1 Torr, ˜70° C.) to afford 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine 145a2.
Chloropyrazine 145a2 is coupled to phenol 24a2 using the protocol described in synthetic method Ito afford compound 2107.
To 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine (3.0 g, 27 mmol) in trimethyl orthoformate (20 mL) is added TFA (0.5 mL). This reaction mixture is heated 5 h at 120° C. in a sealed tube. The reaction mixture is concentrated under vacuum to dryness and the crude material is purified by flash chromatography (100% Hex to 6:4 Hex/EtOAc) to afford intermediate 146a1.
To compound 24a2 (600 mg, 1.4 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) is added 2-bromo-6-fluorobenzotrifluoride (693 mg, 2.9 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.4 g, 4.3 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated at 40° C. for 3 days. The reaction mixture is then cooled to ambient temperature, the solution is decanted and the solid is washed with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic phases are washed with 1N HCl, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (0 to 10% MeOH in DCM) to afford bromide 146a2.
Reference: McClure, M. S.; Glover, B.; McSorley, E.; Millar, A.; Osterhout, M. H.; Roschangar, F. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1677 and Pivsa-Art, S.; Satoh, T.; Kawamura, Y.; Miura, M.; Nomura M. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1998, 71, 467, herein incorporated by reference.
To bromide 146a2 (114 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) is added the intermediate 146a1 (88 mg, 0.73 mmol), KOAc (42 mg, 0.43 mmol), TBAB (69 mg, 0.22 mmol), CuI (82 mg, 0.43 mmol) and bis(tri-t-butylphosphine)palladium(0) (11 mg, 0.02 mmol). Ar is bubbled through the mixture for 10 min, the vial is then capped and the reaction is stirred 10 min at 170° C. in a microwave. After the mixture cools to RT, the mixture is diluted with MeOH, filtered and directly injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 6040.
Compound 2036 (500 mg, 1.1 mmol) in POCl3 (6 mL) is stirred for 16 h at RT in a seal vial. The reaction mixture is concentrated under vacuum to dryness and the crude material is purified by flash chromatography (100% DCM to 10:1 DCM/MeOH) and then triturated in EtOAc to afford intermediate 147a1.
Intermediate 147a1 is converted to compound 4054 as described in example 146A step 3.
To compound 127a1 (7.9 g, 26 mmol) in DMSO (46 mL) are added 2-bromo-6-fluorobenzotrifluoride (7.5 g, 31 mmol) and K2CO3 (7.1 g, 51 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture is then cooled to ambient temperature, and water (300 mL) is added. The product is extracted with ethyl acetate (3×150 mL). The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (0 to 0.25% MeOH in DCM) to afford bromide 148a1.
To a solution of bromide 148a1 (5.02 g, 9.45 mmol) in DMAc (50 mL) is added Zn(CN)2 (2.25 g, 19.2 mmol) and Ar is bubbled through the mixture for 20 min. Pd(PPh3)4 (0.90 g, 0.77 mmol) is added and Ar is bubbled through the mixture for 10 min. The reaction mixture is then heated to 110° C. for 3 h and then diluted with ethyl acetate (1 L), washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The organic phase is concentrated and the crude product is purified by combiflash (1 to 10% EtOAc in DCM) to afford compound 148a2.
To compound 148a2 (500 mg, 1.0 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) is added hydroxylamine 50 wt % solution in water (220 μL, 3.3 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 16 h at 70° C. before being concentrated to afford crude intermediate 148a3. The residue is used as such without further purification.
To the intermediate 148a3 (80 mg, 0.16 mmol) in NaOEt, 21 wt % solution in ethanol (0.71 mL, 1.6 mmol) is added methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (39 mg, 0.39 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at 80° C. AcOH (1 mL) is added to the reaction mixture before being concentrated. The residue is taken up in MeOH (1 mL) and iodine (119 mg, 0.47 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT. The excess of I2 is destroyed by the addition of an aq. solution of Na2S2O3. The mixture is diluted with MeOH, filtered and directly injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 6041.
Intermediate 149a1 is synthesized as described in example 93A
Reference: Sasada, T.; Kobayashi, F.; Sakai, N.; Konakahara, T. Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 2161, herein incorporated by reference.
To a suspension of compound 149a1 (190 mg, 0.39 mmol) in MeCN (500 μL) is added triethyl orthoacetate (1 mL) and ZnCl2 (54 mg, 0.39 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at 90° C. in a seal tube before being concentrated. The crude product is purified by combiflash (100% Hex to 100% EtOAc) to afford intermediate 149a2.
Compound 149a2 (120 mg, 0.22 mmol) in AcOH (2 mL) is stirred for 2 h at 90° C. before being concentrated. The crude product is dissolved in DMSO, filtered and directly injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 8010.
Intermediate 149a1 is converted to intermediate 150a1 using triethyl orthopropionate as described in example 149A step 1.
To a suspension of compound 150a1 (14 mg, 0.03 mmol) in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (800 μL) is added pyridine p-toluenesulfonate (6 mg, 0.03 mmol). The vial is then capped and the reaction is stirred 20 min at 215° C. in a microwave. After the mixture cools to RT, the mixture is diluted with EtOAc (15 mL), washed with an aq. sat. NaHCO3. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is dissolved in DMSO, filtered and directly injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 8011.
The reductive amination and hydrolysis to form 151a1 are performed as described in example 12B steps 3 and 4.
To a mixture of acid 151a1 (420 mg, 0.94 mmol) and cyanamide (42 mg, 9.2 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) is added NEt3 (1 mL, 7.2 mmol) and HATU (526 mg, 1.4 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at RT and then diluted with EtOAc. The organic solution is washed with aq. sat. NH4Cl and brine. The organic phase is dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product 151a2 is used as such without purification.
Compound 151a2 (170 mg, 0.37 mmol) in AcOH (4 mL) is stirred for 2 h at 90° C. before being concentrated. The crude product is dissolved in DMSO, filtered and directly injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 8012.
Argon is bubbled through a mixture of 2-chloropyridin-3-amine (15 g, 120 mmol) and 4-chloro-2-fluorophenylboronic acid (20 g, 115 mmol) in 1,4-dioxan (400 mL) and water (100 mL). K2CO3 (32 g, 230 mmol) is added followed by (Ph3P)4Pd (6.7 g, 5.8 mmol) and this reaction mixture is stirred at 100° C. for 4 h at RT, overnight. The reaction mixture is diluted with water and the product is extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layers are dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by chromatography on silica (20 to 25% EtOAc in Hex) to afford intermediate 152a1.
Reference: Sanz, R.; Fernández, Y.; Castroviejo, M. P.; Pérez, A.; Fañanás, F. J. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 6291-6294, herein incorporated by reference.
A suspension of methyl 2-bromo-5-methoxybenzoate (24 g, 99 mmol), compound 152a1 (22 g, 99 mmol), BINAP (6.2 g, 9.9 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (9.1 g, 9.9 mmol) and K2CO3 (68 g, 490 mmol) in degassed toluene (400 mL) is heated to 100° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture is concentrated and the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica (15 to 35% EtOAc in Hex) to afford intermediate 152a2.
To compound 152a2 (25 g, 65 mmol) in THF (320 mL) is added 2 N aq. NaOH (320 mL, 6500 mmol) and the solution is stirred for 16 h at 50° C. Diethyl ether is added and the organic phase is extracted with water (3×). The aqueous layers are combined and acidified to pH ˜5-6 with a 1M aqueous HCl solution. The formed solid is collected by filtration and dried under vacuum and over KOH to afford compound 152a3.
To compound 152a3 (19.9 g, 53.4 mmol) in DMF (600 ml) is added HATU (26.4 g, 69.4 mmol) and Et3N (29.7 mL, 214 mmol). Ammonium bicarbonate (13.9 g, 176 mmol) is then added followed by another portion of Et3N (29.7 mL, 214 mmol). The solution is stirred at RT for 2 h. The mixture is diluted with water (1.5 L) and the formed solid is filtered off, washed with water and dried on a stream of air to yield compound 152a4.
To compound 152a4 (15.5 g, 41.7 mmol) in trimethyl orthoformate (330 mL) is added TFA (37.0 mL, 500 mmol). The solution is stirred for 2 h at RT. The reaction mixture is concentrated and the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica (4 to 40% THF in EtOAc) to afford intermediate 152a5.
To compound 152a5 (3.1 g, 8.1 mmol) in DCM (600 mL) is added boron tribromide (6.14 mL, 65.0 mmol). The mixture is stirred at RT for 10 days and is diluted with water. The DCM is removed under vacuum and the remaining water layer is neutralized to pH 5.5. The formed solid is collected by filtration and dried under vacuum. The product is recrystallized from MeCN/DCM to afford compound 152a6.
To compound 152a6 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) are added reagent 1a1 (100 mg, 0.33 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (115 mg, 0.35 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated at 70° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture is then cooled to ambient temperature, and water is added. The product is extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product 152a7 is used as such without purification.
Reference: Carril, M.; SanMartin, R.; Dominguez, E.; Tellitu I. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 5100, herein incorporated by reference.
To crude compound 152a7 (170 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) are added 2-mercaptopyridine (33 mg, 0.30 mmol), CuI (26 mg, 0.14 mmol) and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (10 μL, 0.08 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated at 150° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture is then cooled to ambient temperature, and water is added. The product is extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product 152a8 is used as such without further purification.
To crude compound 152a8 (52 mg, 0.08 mmol) in acetone (0.8 mL) and water (0.3 mL) is added Oxone™ (56 mg, 0.09 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture is then filtered and concentrated. The crude product is dissolved in DMSO, filtered and directly injected onto a prep. HPLC to isolate 1031.
Compound 4002 is converted to quinazolinone 153a1, in an analogous manner to synthetic method C.
Compound 4029 is prepared from 153a1 in an analogous manner using commercially-available D3COD as a reagent using synthetic method U.
2,4,6-Trifluoroacetophenone (100 g, 574 mmol) is dissolved in EtOH (1 L), followed by the addition of NaHCO3 (135 g, 1.61 mol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (127 g, 1.49 mol). The reaction mixture is stirred at 90° C. for 16 h. The resulting mixture is cooled to RT, diluted in EtOAc (1.5 L) and washed with water (1 L). The organic phase is dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated to dry to afford 154a1 which is used as is in the next step without further purification.
In a 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer and condenser, 154a1 (105 g, 556 mmol) is dissolved in THF (1 L), glacial AcOH (60 mL, 1.11 mol) and Ac2O (103 mL, 1.11 mol). The resulting mixture is purged with argon for 20 min before anhydrous Fe(OAc)2 (193 g, 1.11 mol) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at 65° C. under argon then filtered. The filtrate is neutralized to approximately pH 8 using NaHCO3, diluted by EtOAc (2 L) and washed with water (1 L). The filter cake is washed with THF (3 L) and the filtrate is combined with the EtOAc phase from the extraction. The combined organic phase is concentrated to dryness and the residue is washed through a pad of silica with EtOAc to afford enamide 154a2.
Enamide 154a2 (102 g, 474 mmol) is suspended in HPLC grade MeOH (2 L) and the mixture is purged with argon for 20 min before RR-Me-BPE-Rh ((+)-1,2-Bis((2R,5R)-2,5-dimethylphospholano)ethane(1,5-cyclooctadiene) rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate) (500 mg, 0.90 mmol, 0.2%) is added. The resulting mixture is stirred under 100 psi of hydrogen for 6 h and then filtered and concentrated to dryness to afford N-acyl amine 154a3 which requires no further purification.
N-Acyl amine 154a3 (103 g, 474 mmol) is suspended in 4 M HCl (1.2 L) and the reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 16 h. The resulting mixture is concentrated in vacuo and the residue is re-dissolved in MeOH (20 mL) and precipitated with Et2O to afford amine 154a4 as the hydrochloride salt.
A mixture of 2-fluoro-5-formylbenzonitrile (41.1 g, 276 mmol), 154a4 (70 g, 331 mmol) and NEt3 (96.1 mL, 689 mmol) in DMSO (410 mL)/water (50 mL) is stirred at 75° C. for 5 days. The cooled reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc (2 L), washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give aldehyde 154a5 which is used without further purification in the next step.
To an ice-cooled mixture of aldehyde 154a5 (170 g, 276 mmol) in MeOH (1.3 mL) is successively added 30% aqueous H2O2 (114 mL) and concentrated H2SO4 (46.4 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 7 h and then placed in a refrigerator for 14 h. The reaction mixture is diluted with water (1.2 L), filtered and the filtrate is treated with ice water. The resulting solid is dried under high vacuum to afford phenol 154a6 which is used as such in the next synthetic step.
Concentrated H2SO4 (450 mL) is added carefully to nitrile 154a6 (69.7 g, 239 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at RT for 3 days and then poured over ice (—4 L). The pH is adjusted to approximately 2 using aqueous 10 N NaOH. The resulting solid is collected by filtration. The pH of the filtrate is then adjusted to approximately 3. The resulting solid is collected by filtration. The pH of the filtrate is then adjusted to approximately 4 and the resulting solid is collected by filtration. The filtrate is extracted with EtOAc (3×), and the combined organic extracts are washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The solution is filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The combined solids are partitioned between a mixture of water (200 mL) and EtOAc (2 L). Saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution is added to the suspension until homogeneity. The organic layer is separated and washed with brine and then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The solution is filtered and concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue is treated with EtOAc and hexane until a solid is formed. Carboxamide 154a7 is recovered by filtration.
To a mixture of carboxamide 154a7 (29.0 g; 93.4 mmol) in DMF (210 mL) is added Cs2CO3 (76.1 g; 233.6 mmol). 3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)bromobenzene (22.7 g; 93.4 mmol) is then added and the reaction mixture is stirred at RT for 60 h. The reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc and water, washed with brine (3×) and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. After filtering, the solvent is removed in vacuo. The residue is triturated with EtOAc and hexanes to afford diarylether 154a8.
Diarylether 154a8 is converted to quinazolinone 154a9 using a protocol analogous to that described in example 1 step 3. Quinazolinone 154a9 is purified by flash chromatography (5 to 30% MeOH in CH2Cl2).
Arylbromide 154a9 (5.00 g, 9.20 mmol) is combined with bis(neopentylglycolato) diboron (3.12 g, 13.8 mmol) and KOAc (3.06 g, 32.2 mmol) in DMF (35 mL). Argon is bubbled through the reaction mixture for 45 min before (dppf)PdCl2 (0.67 g, 0.92 mmol) is added. Argon is then again bubbled through the reaction mixture for 25 min. The reaction mixture is warmed to 95° C. and stirred for 8 h. The reaction mixture is then diluted in EtOAc, washed with water and filtered through celite. The organic phase is separated, and then washed with water (2×) and brine (2×). The organic phase is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is subjected to flash chromatography (0 to 10% MeOH in EtOAc) to afford boronic ester 154b1.
To a mixture of 2-fluoro-5-bromopyridine (18.0 g, 176 mmol) in DMSO (180 mL) is added ethylamine hydrochloride (16.6 g, 205 mmol) and DIPEA (53.5 mL, 307 mmol). The mixture is heated to 100° C. and is stirred overnight. An additional equivalent of ethylamine hydrochloride and DIPEA are added and stirring at 100° C. is continued for 16 h. The mixture is diluted in DCM and the organic phase is washed with water and brine. The organic phase is dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is triturated in Et2O and hexanes to afford ethylaminopyridine 154c1.
Boronic ester 154b1 (3.00 g, 5.21 mmol) is combined with ethylaminopyridine 154c1 (1.57 g, 7.8 mmol) and Na2CO3 (1.66 g, 15.6 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (60 mL) and water (6 mL). The mixture is sonicated under a flow of argon for 15 min before (Cy3P)2Pd (0.35 g, 0.52 mmol) is added. The mixture is warmed to 80° C. and stirred for 4 h. The mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with brine (2×). The organic phase is dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is subjected to flash chromatography (0 to 8% MeOH in EtOAc) to afford compound 9001.
Arylbromide 154a9 is coupled with bis(pinacolato)diboron analogously to the procedure described in example 154b step 1 to produce boronic ester 155a1.
Boronic ester 155a1 (60 mg, 0.10 mmol) is combined with 6-bromo-1-methyl-1H-benzo[D]imidazole (43 mg, 0.20 mmol) and 2.0 M aqueous Na2CO3 (150 μL, 0.30 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The mixture is sonicated under a flow of argon for 15 min before (Ph3P)4Pd (25 mg, 0.02 mmol) is added. The mixture is warmed to 120° C. and stirred for 10 min. The mixture is diluted in MeOH and filtered. The solution is injected onto a preparative HPLC to isolate compound 9006.
Boronic ester 154b1 (1.20 g, 2.1 mmol) is combined with 5-amino-2-bromopyrimidine (0.91 g, 5.2 mmol) and Na2CO3 (0.66 g, 6.2 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (24 mL) and water (2.4 mL). The reaction mixture is sonicated under a flow of argon for 15 min before (Cy3P)2Pd (0.069 g, 0.10 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is warmed to 80° C. and stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with brine (2×). The organic phase is dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is subjected to automated flash chromatography (0 to 8% MeOH in EtOAc). The fractions containing the partially purified product are concentrated and the residue is purified again by flash chromatography (Combiflash, 0 to 8% MeOH in DCM) to isolate compound 9011.
A mixture of 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-5-nitropyrimidine (15 g, 72 mmol), NaHCO3 (7.5 g, 89 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (1.7 g) in EtOH (450 mL) in a 1 L hydrogenation bomb is degassed with argon for 15 min. The reactor is charged with H2 (15 psi) and the reaction mixture is stirred at RT. Hydrogen is constantly added to the reaction mixture until the pressure remains at 15 psi. After stirring for 2 h, the reaction mixture is degassed with argon and filtered through a bed of celite, washing with EtOH. The combined washes are concentrated in vacuo and the residue is taken up in EtOH (500 mL). The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is preabsorbed on silica gel. Purification by flash chromatography (Combiflash, 10% to 50% EtOAc in hexanes) affords 5-amino-2-chloro-4-methylpyrimidine 157a1.
Boc2O (37 g, 70 mmol) is added to a mixture of aminopyrimidine 157a1 (7.8 g, 54 mmol), DMAP (1 g, 8.2 mmol) and Et3N (39 mL, 280 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at RT for 18 h and then the solvent is removed in vacuo. The residue is preabsorbed on silica gel (100 g). Purification by flash chromatography (Combiflash, eluting with 0% to 10% EtOAc in hexanes) affords bis-Boc protected aminopyrimidine 157a2.
Boronic ester 154b1 (1.20 g, 2.1 mmol) is combined with 5-(bis-N-Boc-amino)-2-chloropyrimidine 157a2 (1.07 g, 3.1 mmol) and Na2CO3 (0.66 g, 6.2 mmol) in 2-methyl-THF (12 mL) and water (1.2 mL). The reaction mixture is sonicated under a flow of argon for 15 min before (Cy3P)2Pd (0.14 g, 0.21 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is then warmed to 140° C. and is stirred for 1 h in a microwave. The reaction mixture is diluted in EtOAc and washed with brine (2×). The organic phase is dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is subjected to flash chromatography (Combiflash, 60 to 100% acetone in hexanes) twice to afford compound 9025.
Representative compounds of the invention are tested for inhibitory activity against the hepatitis C virus RNA dependent polymerase (NS5B), using the assay described in WO2009/018657, herein incorporated by reference.
Huh-7 cells with a stable subgenomic HCV replicon that encodes a modified luciferase reporter gene (expressed as a luciferase-FMDV2A-neomycin phosphotransferase gene fusion) were established as previously described (Lohman et al., 1999. Science 285: 110-113; Vroljik et al., 2003 J. Virol Methods 110:201-209), with the exception that replicon cells were selected with 0.25 mg/mL G418. The amount of luciferase expressed by selected cells directly correlates with the level of HCV replication. These cells, designated as MP-1 cells, are maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Earle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS and 0.25 mg/mL neomycin (standard medium). The cells are passaged by trypsinization and frozen in 90% FBS/10% DMSO. During the assay, DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS, containing 0.5% DMSO and lacking G418, was used (Assay Medium). The day of the assay, MP-1 cells are trypsinized and diluted to obtain 15 000 cells/70 μL in Assay Medium. 70 μL are distributed into each well of a black 96-well ViewPlate™ (Packard). The plate is then incubated at 37° C. until compound addition.
The test compound in 100% DMSO is first diluted in Assay Medium, lacking G418 to a final DMSO concentration of 0.5%. The solution is sonicated for 15 min. Into column 3 of a Polypropylene Deep-Well Titer Plate, the appropriate volume is transferred into Assay Medium to obtain the starting concentration (2×) to be tested. In columns 4 to 11 add 400 μL of Assay Medium (containing 0.5% DMSO). Serial dilutions (⅓) are prepared by transferring 200 μL from column 3 to column 4, then from column 4 to column 5, serially through to column 11 (no compound is included in column 12).
A volume of 70 μL from each well of the compound dilution plate is transferred to a corresponding well of the Cell Plate. (Three columns will be used as the “No inhibition control”; nine [9] columns are used for the dose response). The cell culture plate is incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 for 28 hours.
Following the incubation period, the medium is aspirated from the 96-well assay plate and a volume of 50 μL of 1× Glo Lysis Buffer (Promega) previously warmed to room temperature was added to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 10 min with occasional shaking. A black tape was put at the bottom of the plate. 50 μL of Bright-Glo luciferase substrate (Promega) previously warmed to room temperature was added to each well followed by gentle mixing. The luminescence was determined on a Packard Topcount instrument using the Data Mode Luminescence (CPS) with a count delay of 1 min and a count time of 2 sec.
The luminescence determination (CPS) in each well of the culture plate was a measure of the amount of HCV RNA replication in the presence of various concentrations of inhibitor. The % inhibition was calculated with the following equation:
inhibition=100−[CPS(inhibitor)/CPS(control)×100]
A non-linear curve fit with the Hill model was applied to the inhibition-concentration data, and the 50% effective concentration (EC50) was calculated by the use of SAS software (Statistical Software; SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, N.C.).
The following tables list compounds representative of the invention. All of the compounds listed in Tables 1 to 9 below are tested in the assay of Example 158A or the assay of Example 159A or both. Each compound has an IC50 or EC50 value of below 40 μM, or both an IC50 and EC50 value of below 40 μM. Representative IC50 and EC50 data for selected compounds of the invention is provided in Table 10.
Retention times (tR) for each compound are measured using the standard analytical HPLC conditions described in the Examples. Retention times for each compound measured using the analytical HPLC conditions described in the Examples are identified by an asterix (*) in the tables. As is well known to one skilled in the art, retention time values are sensitive to the specific measurement conditions. Therefore, even if identical conditions of solvent, flow rate, linear gradient, and the like are used, the retention time values may vary when measured, for example, on different HPLC instruments. Even when measured on the same instrument, the values may vary when measured, for example, using different individual HPLC columns, or, when measured on the same instrument and the same individual column, the values may vary, for example, between individual measurements taken on different occasions. The synthetic method used to generate each compound in Tables 1 to 9 is identified in the table. A person skilled in the art will recognize that obvious modifications to the synthetic methods, including the amount of time indicated to perform the various steps, may be required to generate each of the specific compounds listed in Tables 1 to 9.
Each of the references, including all patents, patent applications and publications, listed in the present application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, as if each of them is individually incorporated. Further, it would be appreciated that, in the above teaching of invention, the skilled in the art could make certain changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalents would still be within the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims of the application.
This application claims benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 61/243,783, filed Sep. 18, 2009, and U.S. Ser. No. 61/354,820 filed Jun. 15, 2010, both of which are herein incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61354820 | Jun 2010 | US | |
| 61243783 | Sep 2009 | US |
