The present invention relates to a vitrified grinding stone that includes abrasive grains, an inorganic binder binding the abrasive grains, and air-communicating pores formed between the abrasive grains and the inorganic binder.
A porous vitrified grinding stone is known that has abrasive grains such as CBN abrasive grains, diamond abrasive grains, or an ordinary abrasive grains bound therein using a vitreous inorganic binder. Such a vitrified grinding stone is formed as, for example, an arc-shaped grinding stone piece and a plurality of such pieces are used as a vitrified grinding wheel that is formed by fixing the pieces using an adhesive on the outer circumferential surface of a disc-shaped core such as a base metal piece made of a metal or a ceramic core made of an inorganic material such as a vitrified structure. Such a vitrified grinding wheel provides a high grinding ratio and high grinding efficiency, and is advantageously used when a work to be ground such as a metal part or a hardened-steel product is ground at a high speed. For example, types of vitrified super-abrasive-grain grinding stone described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 correspond to the above vitrified grinding stone.
In the case of grinding a cam shaft or a crank shaft, for example, when the above vitrified grinding stone is used in grinding work that tends to generate grinding burns such as work of grinding a work to be ground that has a portion that is difficult to be supplied with a grinding liquid like a surface-contact portion such as a stepped face or an end face that crosses the rotation shaft center at a right angle, the grinding stone structure is made rough for the purpose of preventing the grinding burns, or the hardness of the grinding stone is reduced such that self-production of the proper abrasive-grain cutting edge can be obtained. However, in this case, a disadvantage arises that the lifetime of the grinding stone is shortened because the power to hold the abrasive grains is low.
Generally, the grinding burns are often generated especially immediately after dressing. This is because the bond is present on the same surface together with the abrasive grains on the surface of the grinding stone after the dressing. Therefore, after grinding a plurality of works, the bond on the surface of the grinding stone retreats more than the abrasive grains and, as a result, the original sharpness is gradually restored. Based on this fact, immediately after dressing, grinding work is executed with the grinding efficiency, that is, the speed of cutting set to be low or a setting process is executed in addition to the dressing. This causes the degradation of the productivity of the grinding work.
Furthermore, for example, in super-finishing polishing of the surface of a raceway track of a bearing, a processing agent such as sulfur or wax is impregnated in the grinding stone for the purpose of improving the surface roughness and preventing metal deposition. However, in such a case, the processing agent fills all of the air-communicating pores in the grinding stone and, therefore, the grinding liquid can not sufficiently flow into the grinding stone. Therefore, a disadvantage arises that degradation of grinding performance is caused.
As described in Patent Documents 3 and 4, a grinding stone is proposed that is formed by dispersing micro-capsules each encapsulating a grinding liquid (lubricant), etc., in its metallic deposit phase together with super abrasive grains. The micro-capsules are broken and form chip pockets only when the micro-capsules are exposed on the surface (grinding surface) of the dense metallic deposit phase and, thereby, the micro-capsules enable the chips to be discharged and incidentally supply the grinding liquid. Therefore, when a work to be ground is ground at high grinding efficiency using the vitrified super-abrasive-grain grinding stone, the grinding stone does not produce any function of supplying the grinding liquid also to the portion that is difficult to be externally supplied with the grinding liquid, occurring due to the shape of the work to be ground and, thereby, preventing the grinding burn of the portion.
The present invention was conceived in view of the above circumstances and the object thereof is to provide a vitrified grinding stone that generates no grinding burn of a work to be ground in grinding its portion that is difficult to be supplied with a grinding liquid between the work to be ground and the grinding stone and that does not degrade the quality of the grinding on the grinding surface.
As a result of various discussions with the above circumstances as the background, the inventor, etc., have found that, when air-communicating pores of a vitrified grinding stone after its burning are partially filled with micro-capsules each encapsulating a lubricant to lubricate the grinding grains and the micro-capsules are affixed thereto, grinding burns can advantageously be prevented in a portion that is difficult to be supplied with a grinding liquid like a surface-contact portion such as a stepped face or an end face that crosses the rotation shaft center of the work at a right angle and, therefore, stable grinding quality can be obtained for the grinding of the work to be ground. The present invention was conceived based on this knowledge.
The object indicated above can be achieved according to a first aspect of the present invention, which provides a vitrified grinding stone includes: (a) abrasive grains; an inorganic binder that binds the abrasive grains; and air-communicating pores that are formed between the abrasive grains and the inorganic binder, (b) micro-capsules that each encapsulate a lubricant to lubricate the abrasive grains and each have a diameter that is smaller than that of the air-communicating pore, being fixed on an inner wall surface of each of the air-communicating pores by an adhesive.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the vitrified grinding stone, the micro-capsules that each encapsulate the lubricant to lubricate the abrasive grains and each have a diameter that is smaller than that of the air-communicating pore, are fixed on an inner wall surface of each of the air-communicating pores of the vitrified grinding stone by an adhesive. Therefore, the original functions of the air-communicating pores such as a function of supplying a grinding liquid and a chip-pocket function of removing chips from the grinding point are not lost and, therefore, a high grinding ratio and high-efficiency grinding can be obtained. Simultaneously, because the micro-capsules exposed on the grinding surface are broken and the grinding liquid encapsulated therein is released, grinding burns can be advantageously prevented in a portion that is difficult to be supplied with the grinding liquid like a surface-contact portion such as a stepped face of an end face that crosses at a right angle the rotation shaft center of the work to be ground. Therefore, stable grinding quality can be obtained.
Preferably, the abrasive grains are diamond abrasive grains or CBN abrasive grains that have the average grain diameter of five to 250 μmφ; the air-communicating pores have the average inner diameter of five to 500 μmφ; and the micro-capsules have the average capsule diameter of one to 200 μmφ. Thereby, during the course of the manufacture of the vitrified grinding stone piece, the micro-capsules can be easily put in the air-communicating pores.
Preferably, the lubricant encapsulated in the micro-capsules includes a grinding liquid. Higher density in the grinding liquid causes lubricity, and, accordingly, preferably, the stock solution of the grinding liquid is used as the lubricant encapsulated in the micro-capsules. In this case, higher lubricating performance can be obtained and, therefore, grinding burns can advantageously be prevented.
Preferably, the outer skin of each of the micro-capsules is configured by any one of gelatin, a melamine resin, a phenolic resin, and a urea resin. Because the outer skin of each of the micro-capsules is configured by such an organic material, the micro-capsules can easily be broken and an advantage of giving no influence on the grinding performance can be obtained.
Preferably, the vitrified grinding stone is constituted of a grinding stone piece and a plurality of the grinding stone pieces are adhered to the outer circumferential face of the thick-plated and disc-shaped core of the super-abrasive-grain grinding wheel. This causes valid use of expensive grinding grains, and easily manufacturing of the super-abrasive-grain grinding wheel having a large diameter. The vitrified grinding stone may be a grinding stone that is made by integral forming.
An embodiment of the present invention will be descried in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiment, the drawings are properly simplified or deformed and the dimension ratios, shapes, etc., of parts therein are not always correctly depicted.
For example, as depicted in
In a molding process P2, a molding cavity of a predetermined mold is sequentially filled with the mixed raw materials for the grinding material layer 30 and the mixed raw materials for the base layer 28 and, by pressurizing the materials, a molded piece having the shape depicted in
In an adherence process P4, the vitrified grinding stone pieces 26 are fixed on the outer circumferential face 24 of the base metal piece 18 produced in advance without any spacing using, for example, an epoxy resin adhesive. In a finishing process P5, the surface of the base metal piece 18 fixed with the vitrified grinding stone pieces 26, that is, the vitrified super-abrasive-grain grinding wheel 10 is ground by a predetermined depth of, for example, about 0.5 to one mm using a dressing tool or a cutting tool and, thereby, the outer diameter dimension D, the roundness of the outer diameter dimension D, the thickness dimension, etc., of the vitrified super-abrasive-grain grinding wheel 10 are adjusted. By undergoing the processes P1 to P5, the vitrified super-abrasive-grain grinding wheel 10 is manufactured that is formed by fixing the vitrified grinding stone pieces 26 each having the super abrasive grains bound therein by the inorganic binder, on the outer circumferential face 24 of the base metal piece 18 as depicted in
In the embodiment, after the burning process P3, that is, before or after the adherence process P4 and the finishing process P5, the portion of the space in each of the air-communicating pores 36 of the vitrified grinding stone pieces 26 is filled with the micro-capsules 38 at a predetermined filling factor and the micro-capsules 38 are fixed in, for example, a process depicted in
In
Of the micro-capsule manufacturing processes P61 to P63 depicted in
Referring back to
Test Grinding Stone 1: CB80M200V
Test Grinding Stone 2: CB80M200V
[Table 5] Conditions for Surface Grinding Test
Grinding Machine Hitachi surface grinding machine GHLB306-4
Dimensions of Grinding Stone: 205 mmφ×13 mmT×76.2 mmH
Work to Be Ground: SKD11 (100 mm×10 mm×T)
Depth of Grinding: 5 μm on one side/one pass
Table Traversing Speed: 20 m/min
Grinding Liquid: NORITAKECOOL SEC-700 (from NORITAK CO. LIMITED)
Dresser: 50-mmφ Sharper [2 μm/grinding]
A cam shaft is a shaft depicted in
As above, according to the vitrified grinding stone piece 26 of the vitrified super-abrasive-gain grinding wheel 10 of the embodiment, the micro-capsules 38 that each encapsulate the lubricant 42 to lubricate the grinding point of the abrasive grains 34, that is, the cutting edge are fixed in each of the air-communicating pores 36 of the vitrified grinding stone piece 26 partially filling the air-communicating pore 36. Therefore, the original functions of the air-communicating pores such as a function of supplying a grinding liquid and a chip-pocket function of removing chips from the grinding point are not lost and, therefore, a high grinding ratio and high-efficiency grinding can be obtained. Simultaneously, because the micro-capsules 38 exposed on the grinding surface 20 are broken and the grinding liquid 42 encapsulated therein is released, grinding burns can be advantageously prevented in a portion that is difficult to be supplied with the grinding liquid like a surface-contact portion such as a stepped face or an end face that crosses at a right angle the rotation shaft center of the work to be ground H. Therefore, stable grinding quality can be obtained.
In the vitrified grinding stone piece 26 (the grinding material layer 30) of the embodiment: the abrasive grains 34 are diamond abrasive grains or CBN abrasive grains that have the average grain diameter of five to 250 μmφ; the air-communicating pores 36 have the average inner diameter of five to 500 μmφ; and the micro-capsules 38 have the average capsule diameter of one to 200 μmφ. Thereby, during the course of the manufacture of the vitrified grinding stone piece 26, the micro-capsules 38 can be easily put in the air-communicating pores.
In the vitrified grinding stone piece 26 (the grinding material layer 30) of the embodiment, the lubricant 42 encapsulated in the micro-capsules 38 has a characteristic of softening or degrading the work to be ground H and, for example, a stock solution of a grinding liquid is used as the lubricant 42. When the stock solution of the grinding liquid is used as the lubricant encapsulated in the micro-capsules 38 as above, high lubricating performance can be obtained and, therefore, grinding burns can advantageously be prevented.
In the vitrified grinding stone piece 26 (the grinding material layer 30) of the embodiment, the outer skin 44 of each of the micro-capsules 38 is configured by any one of gelatin, a melamine resin, a phenolic resin, and a urea resin. Because the outer skin of each of the micro-capsules is configured by such an organic material, the micro-capsules 38 can easily be broken on the grinding surface 20 and an advantage of giving no influence on the grinding performance can be obtained.
The embodiment of the present invention has been described as above in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment and can also be reduced to practice in other aspects.
For example, in the embodiment, the outer skin 44 of the micro-capsule 38 may be configured by an inorganic material such as a vitreous material.
In the embodiment, the adhesive to fix the micro-capsules 38 on the inner surface of the air-communicating pores 36 does not always need to be a thermo-setting resin and may be a thermo-plastic resin, a CMC, etc.
In the embodiment, through-holes may be formed in and penetrating the base layer 28 and the grinding material layer 30 that are radially disposed centering the rotation shaft center W of the vitrified super-abrasive-grain grinding wheel 10.
In the embodiment, the base metal piece 18 is made of a metal such as, for example, carbon steel or an aluminum alloy and this configuration has a strength to tolerate even high-speed rotations and, therefore, is preferable. However, the base metal piece 18 is not limited to the above and may also be made of, for example, a synthesized resin, a fiber-reinforced resin, or a vitrified grinding stone. Instead of the base metal piece 18, a disc-shaped base configured by a sintered metal or a sintered piece of an inorganic material may be used.
The above embodiment is strictly just one embodiment and, though not exemplifying one by one, the present invention can be reduced to practice in variously changed or modified modes based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit thereof.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2008-198353 | Jul 2008 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/JP2009/062156 | 7/2/2009 | WO | 00 | 1/31/2011 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2010/013580 | 2/4/2010 | WO | A |
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A 63-093567 | Apr 1988 | JP |
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A 2000-079566 | Mar 2000 | JP |
A 2000-084857 | Mar 2000 | JP |
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Entry |
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International Search Report issued in PCT/JP2009/062156, mailed Jul. 28, 2009. (with English-language translation). |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20110135906 A1 | Jun 2011 | US |