Patent Application
20240353153
A Vortex Tube (VT) (also known as Ranque-Hilsch tube) separates a flow of compressed air into a hot airflow and a cold airflow. A VT can have no moving parts and use no moving parts or refrigerant. VTs are being used as cooling devices in many industrial and engineering applications (e.g., milling, welding, metal turning, metal cutting, drying, electronic devices).
In a conventional VT 10 (as shown in
While efforts have been made to enhance heat transfer efficiency of VTs, the attempts were only able to achieve limited increases in the maximum achievable temperature differences between the hot airflow and the cold airflow. Accordingly, additional improvements to VTs remain of interest.
The following presents a simplified summary of some embodiments of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some embodiments of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
Embodiments described herein are directed to enhanced Vortex Tubes and related methods of separating an airflow into a hot airflow and a cold airflow. In many embodiments, a Vortex Tube includes a secondary airflow inlet that injects a swirling airflow aligned with the central region of the lumen of the circulating tube. In many embodiments, the secondary airflow inlet includes a secondary vortex generator that generates the vorticity of the swirling airflow. The injected swirling airflow increase the inner vortex strength thereby increasing the temperature difference between the hot airflow and the cold airflow.
Accordingly, in one aspect, an airflow separator is provided. The airflow separator is configured to separate an airflow having an airflow temperature into a reduced temperature airflow and increase temperature airflow. The reduce temperature airflow has a reduced airflow temperature less than the inlet airflow temperature. The increased temperature airflow has an increased airflow temperature greater than the inlet airflow temperature. The airflow separator includes a circulating tube, a first vortex generator, a secondary vortex generator, a reduced temperature airflow outlet, and an increase temperature airflow outlet. The circulating tube has a first end and a second end. The circulating tube is elongated along a circulating tube axis. The circulating tube defines an airflow channel having a central portion and an annular portion that surrounds the central portion. The first vortex generator is configured to receive a first portion of the airflow and inject the first portion of the airflow into the annular portion of the airflow channel at the first end with a first airflow vorticity around the circulating tube axis. The secondary vortex generator is configured to receive a second portion of the airflow and inject the second portion of the airflow into the central portion of the airflow channel at the second end with a second airflow vorticity around the circulating tube axis. The reduced temperature airflow outlet is disposed at the first end of the circulating tube. The reduced temperature airflow outlet is configured to receive the reduced temperature airflow from the central portion of the circulating tube. The increased temperature airflow outlet is disposed at the second end of the circulating tube. The increased temperature airflow outlet is configured to receive the increased temperature airflow from the annular portion of the circulating tube.
The airflow channel can have any suitable configuration for accommodating bi-directional rotating airflows. For example, the airflow channel can have a length-to-diameter ratio of between 10.0 and 20.0. In some embodiments, the airflow channel has a length-to-diameter ratio of between 13.8 and 15.8. In many embodiments, the airflow channel is cylindrical. In some embodiments, the airflow channel is axially-symmetric and at least partially non-cylindrical.
The first vortex generator can have any suitable configuration for inducing the first airflow vorticity into the first airflow. For example, the first vortex generator can include any suitable number of nozzles (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, etc.). Each of the nozzles can be configured to inject a respective portion of the first portion of the airflow into the annular portion of the airflow channel in a direction tangential to the annular portion of the airflow channel. In some embodiments, the first vortex generator surrounds an end portion of the reduced temperature airflow outlet.
The secondary vortex generator can have any suitable configuration for inducing the second airflow vorticity into the second airflow. For example, the secondary vortex generator can include helically-shaped vanes that are shaped to induce the second airflow vorticity around the circulating tube axis. In some embodiments, the secondary vortex generator has a length-to-diameter ratio of between 0.8 and 3.0. In some embodiments, the secondary vortex generator has a secondary vortex generator output orifice through which the second portion of the airflow is injected into the central portion of the airflow channel. In some embodiments, the secondary vortex generator output orifice has a diameter in a range of 0.45 to 0.65 of a diameter of the airflow channel.
The increased temperature airflow outlet can have any suitable configuration for receiving and outputting the increased temperature airflow from the annular portion of the airflow channel. For example, in some embodiments, the increased temperature airflow outlet surrounds at least a length of the secondary vortex generator. In many embodiments, the increased temperature airflow outlet has an annularly-shaped outlet orifice that is aligned with the annular portion of the airflow channel.
In many embodiments, the airflow is generated by an air compressor. In some embodiments, the airflow separator includes an air compressor configured to generate the airflow.
In many embodiments, a pressure of the first portion of the airflow supplied to the first vortex generator equals a pressure of the second portion of the airflow supplied to the secondary vortex generator. In some embodiments, a flow rate the first portion of the airflow is in a range of 40 to 80 percent of a flow rate of the airflow. In many embodiments, compressed air is supplied to each of the first vortex generator and the secondary vortex generator.
In another aspect, a method of separating an airflow into a reduced temperature airflow and an increased temperature airflow is provided. The airflow has an airflow temperature. The reduced temperature airflow having a reduced airflow temperature less than the airflow temperature. The increased temperature airflow has an increased airflow temperature greater than the airflow temperature. The method includes injecting a first portion of the airflow into an annular portion of a lumen of a circulating tube at a first end of the circulating tube. The circulating tube can have a first end and a second end. The circulating tube can be elongated along a circulating tube axis. In many embodiments, the circulating tube defines an airflow channel having a central portion and an annular portion that surrounds the central portion. The first portion of the airflow is injected into the annular portion of the lumen so as to have a first airflow vorticity around the circulating tube axis. The method further includes injecting a second portion of the airflow into a central portion of the lumen of the circulating tube at a second end of the circulating tube. The second portion of the airflow is injected into the central portion of the lumen so as to have a second airflow vorticity around the circulating tube axis. The method further includes outputting the increased temperature airflow from an increased temperature airflow outlet disposed at the second end of the circulating tube. The increased temperature airflow outlet can be aligned with the annular portion of the lumen of the circulating tube. The method further includes outputting the reduced temperature airflow from a reduced temperature airflow outlet disposed at the first end of the circulating tube. The reduced temperature airflow outlet can be aligned with the central portion of the lumen of the circulating tube.
In many embodiments of the method, the airflow channel is configured to accommodate bi-directional rotating airflows. For example, in many embodiments of the method, the airflow channel has a length-to-diameter ratio of between 10.0 and 20.0. In some embodiments of the method, the airflow channel has a length-to-diameter ratio of between 13.8 and 15.8. In many embodiments of the method, the airflow channel is cylindrical. In some embodiments of the method, the airflow channel is axially-symmetric and at least partially non-cylindrical.
The first portion of the airflow can be injected into the annular portion of the lumen of the circulating tube using any suitable approach. For example, in some embodiments of the method, the injection of the first portion of the airflow into the annular portion of the lumen of the circulating tube at the first end of the circulating tube includes injecting respective portions of the first portion of the airflow in a direction tangential to the annular portion of the airflow channel.
In many embodiments of the method, the airflow is a compressed airflow. For example, in some embodiments of the method further includes operating an air compressor to generate the airflow. In some embodiments of the method, a pressure of the first portion of the airflow supplied to the first vortex generator equals a pressure of the second portion of the airflow supplied to the secondary vortex generator. In some embodiments of the method, a flow rate the first portion of the airflow is in a range of 40.0 to 80 percent of a flow rate of the airflow.
The disclosure describes particular devices and systems for implementing various steps of methods such as those discussed briefly above, but it contemplates any suitable devices and systems for implementing the disclosed steps.
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of various embodiments may be realized by reference to the following figures. In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.
In the following description, various embodiments of the present invention will be described. For purposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the embodiment being described.
Turning now to the drawing figures,
The first vortex generator 108 is configured to receive a first portion of the airflow and inject the first portion of the airflow into an annular portion of the lumen to induce flow of a rotating airflow that flows along the annular portion of the lumen from the first end 114 to the second end 116 of the circulating tube 106. In the illustrated embodiment, the first vortex generator 108 includes four nozzles 122. Each of the nozzles 122 is configured to receive a respective portion of the first portion of the airflow and inject the respective portion into the annular portion of the lumen in a direction tangential to the annular portion of the lumen. The first vortex generator 108 can have any suitable configuration for injecting the first portion of the airflow into an annular portion of the lumen to induce flow of a rotating airflow that flows along the annular portion of the lumen from the first end 114 to the second end 116 of the circulating tube 106. For example, the first vortex generator 108 can have any suitable number (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more) of the nozzles 122. In many embodiments, the airflow is a compressed airflow and is supplied to the first vortex generator 108 at a suitable pressure (e.g., 300 kPa).
The secondary vortex generator 102 is configures to receive a second portion of the airflow and inject the second portion of the airflow into a central portion of the lumen to induce flow of a rotating airflow that flows along the central portion of the lumen from the second end 116 to the first end 114 of the circulating tube 106. In the illustrated embodiment, the second vortex generator 102 includes an inlet tube 124 and the swirl generator 104, which is disposed within the inlet tube 124. The swirl generator 104 includes helically-shaped vanes 126 (shown in
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS Fluent was performed to evaluate the impact of the addition of the secondary vortex generator 102. In the CFD analysis, supply of 300 kPa compressed air to both of the first vortex generator 108 and the second vortex generator 102 was simulated. The pressure at the increased temperature airflow outlet was fixed to about 100 kPa. As shown in
Other variations are within the spirit of the present invention. Thus, while the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term “connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2021/055275 | 6/15/2021 | WO |
