Patent Application
20150267421
The invention relates to a wall formwork according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a wall formwork system comprising such a wall formwork and a multi-purpose wall formwork as well as a wall formwork system comprising a plurality of wall formworks. Wall formworks are known from DE 10 2007 006 907 A1, FR 2 537 192 A1, GB 2 026 072 A, the brochures “Peri GmbH: Vario GT24, D-89264 Weiβenhorn, 05/2008”, “Peri GmbH: TRIO Housing, D-89264 Weiβenhorn, 09/2009” and “Peri GmbH: MAXIMO, D-89264 Weiβenhorn, 10/2010”.
A wall formwork within the sense of the present invention is used in formwork engineering for concrete structures, i.e. for concreting concrete or reinforced concrete structures. A wall formwork is typically used for producing formworks for walls, columns, foundations, shafts or the like. A wall formwork comprises a formwork facing on the front facing towards the concrete and elements supporting the formwork facing on the back, such as frames, longitudinal beams and crossbars. The two sides of a wall to be concreted are delimited by a plurality of wall formworks. The outer face of each wall formwork configured as a formwork facing in that case adjoins the concrete. Wall formworks facing each other are, as a matter of principle, retained by a plurality of anchor rods. The anchor rods are in this case pushed through openings—referred to as “anchor holes”—in the wall formworks, and attached at their ends to the elements supporting the respective formwork facing in such a way that at least the tensile force acting upon the anchor rods during concreting is absorbed.
When anchoring the wall formwork, various requirements are being made with regard to the wall formwork in order to absorb the loads produced by pouring the liquid concrete—also called concrete pressure—in the wall formwork. Commonly used wall formworks typically comprise anchor holes disposed at the edge. Accordingly, an anchor rod accommodated in the wall formwork at the edge can be used also to engage a directly adjacent wall formwork at the same time, in order thus to enable a joint attachment of wall formworks situated next to one another. Accordingly, the anchor holes that are not used must be sealed tightly in order to prevent the concrete from running out of the intermediate space formed by wall formworks.
It is also necessary, when preparing wall formworks, to configure individual dimensions and complex courses of the wall. In particular the preparation of wall formworks for corners, corner joints, columns, pillars, wall projections or the like regularly requires the storage of special wall formworks and accessories, in particular with individual dimensions, so the construction and assembly is unsatisfactory in many respects. The resulting expenditure is relatively high for a rational assembly of wall formworks.
A frame formwork system for manufacturing corners and T-shaped intersections is known from document DE 10 2007 006 907 A1. The system comprises an inner corner element comprising two inner legs angled relative to each other, an outer corner member as well as two rectangular frame formwork elements. In order to reduce the total number of anchor holes in the frame formwork element, it is proposed that the anchor holes of one frame formwork element be disposed centrally between two parallel lateral outer edges. The frame formwork corner system is primarily designed to reduce the expenditure of a frame panel formwork in the case of corners or T-shaped intersections.
Providing special individual wall formworks, such as inner corner elements and outer corner elements, as a matter of principle entails the problem that such a frame formwork system cannot be used in a versatile manner for individual dimensions of a complex wall formwork, for example for different corners, columns, pillars, wall projections or the like.
Unless otherwise stated below, the above-mentioned features can be combined in any manner, individually or in any combination, with the subject matter of the invention described below.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,836,126 discloses a modular form unit for architectural concrete walls comprising not more than two tie holes for each facing sheet.
It is the object of the invention to further develop a wall formwork for concrete structures.
The object of the invention is achieved by means of a wall formwork having the features of claim 1 respectively 2, as well as by means of wall formwork system comprising such a wall formwork. Advantageous embodiments are apparent from the dependent claims.
First of all, it is proposed that the anchor holes be disposed with a uniform or at least substantially uniform grid spacing relative to each other, the wall formwork being dimensioned in such a way that the spacing of the anchor holes to the outer boundary of the wall formwork, which in the erected state extends vertically and/or horizontally, corresponds to half of the grid spacing or at least substantially half of the grid spacing.
What is essential is the idea of reducing the loads in a wall formwork by a specific arrangement of the anchor holes. The anchor holes are disposed in a uniform, i.e. substantially equally spaced-apart grid spacing relative to each other in order to optimize the wall formwork with regard to the arising concrete pressure. In the process, the spacing of the anchor holes to the outer boundary of the wall formwork is also set in a specific manner. If a wall formwork is prepared with wall formworks of this type and filled with concrete, it is thus ensured that the wall formwork is exposed to the load particularly uniformly in such a way that the loads are substantially evenly distributed across the arrangement of the anchor holes. The arrangement, which is, in particular, symmetrical, contributes to the concrete forces arising being absorbed in a uniformly distributed manner across the anchor holes. Excessive loads, and thus the danger of damage to the wall formwork, particularly in the region of the anchor holes and the anchor points, are thus avoided in an improved manner, so that an overall improved durability of the wall formwork is achieved. The arrangement of the anchor holes moreover contributes to preparing a rugged formwork in a manner that is advantageous as regards the assembly with few anchor holes, and thus, also few anchor points. The fewer anchor rods have to be used, the smaller the expenditure for assembly and dismantling.
If several formworks are connected to each other, for example by means of connecting means such as clips or aligning clamps, in order to prepare a large-surface formwork, the arising concrete pressure can increase, particularly depending on the height of the wall formwork. In that case, the concrete pressure rises in particular in the lower region of the lowermost wall formwork. The uniform arrangement of the anchor holes is in that case advantageously designed in such a way that the grid spacing is adapted to the highest possible load on a wall formwork. Thus, this makes wall formworks possible that, both individually as well as in combination, are particularly well adapted to the loads.
Furthermore, a wall produced in this manner has, in the solidified concrete, a correspondingly uniform anchor hole pattern characterized by the impressions of the anchor holes. Such a regularly distributed, in particular symmetrical, anchoring pattern is particularly attractive from a visual standpoint and can be used expediently for producing exposed concrete. This reduces the manufacturing expenditure for the production of exposed concrete.
What is particularly also advantageous in the wall formwork according to the proposal is that the arrangement of the anchor holes is designed in such a way that no individual corner wall formworks for different wall thicknesses are required for forming corners or corner-shaped geometries. The wall formworks can be combined in a flexible manner, particularly with multi-purpose wall formworks to be explained later, without having to store special corner wall formworks with individual dimensions. Consequently, the overall number of wall formworks can be reduced, which enables a rational preparation of wall formworks.
Preferably, the anchor holes are disposed symmetrically. In particular, the grid spacing is chosen in such a way that the horizontal grid spacing of the anchor holes corresponds to the vertical grid spacing of the anchor holes. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the anchor holes are disposed axisymmetrically in the wall formwork. In that case, the arrangement of the anchor holes is designed in such a way that the anchor holes extend along a horizontally or vertically extending axis.
In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor holes are disposed on at least two parallel spaced-apart axes. The parallel spaced-apart axes preferably extend in the vertical direction of the wall formwork. In another embodiment, three of more anchor holes are provided along a vertical axis. The arrangement of the anchor holes on parallel spaced-apart axes makes the rugged and large-surface configuration of wall formworks possible. This makes it possible to prepare wall formworks for large surfaces in an efficient manner. Nevertheless, it is possible in principle to arrange the wall formworks in a very flexible manner, particularly both standing as well as lying. A standing wall formwork is brought into a lying position by a 90° rotation. The number of required wall formworks can thus be reduced.
Preferably, the height of the wall formwork is between 260 cm and 400 cm. Particularly preferred are wall formworks with a height of 280 cm to 320 or with a height of 340 to 380 cm. In a further embodiment, the width of the wall formwork is between 200 cm and 280 cm, more preferably between 220 cm and 260 cm. Thus, the chosen formats of the wall formworks enable the rational forming of large surface areas. In contrast to the prior art, particularly rugged wall formworks are thus provided that reliably anchor a wall formwork using few anchor holes, i.e. anchor points. In particular, the formats of the wall formworks are selected in such a way that they are compatible with conventional wall formworks. This ensures that the wall formworks according to the proposal can be used in a variety of ways and can be combined with conventional wall formworks.
Particularly preferred dimensions of the wall formworks according to the proposal are formats having a width of 45 cm, 60 cm, 75 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm or 240 cm, as well as a height of 90 cm, 120 cm, 300 cm or 360 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the grid spacing of the anchor holes relative to each other is at least 60 cm, more preferably at least 80 cm. Alternatively, the grid spacing of the anchor holes relative to each other is no greater than 160 cm, more preferably no greater than 140 cm. This ensures a particularly rugged structure in the dimensioning of the wall formworks.
In another preferred embodiment, the anchor holes at the edge have a spacing of at least 20 cm, more preferably at least 40 cm, to the outer boundary of the wall formwork. The anchor holes on the edge denote anchor points that are disposed adjacent to the outer edge of the wall formwork in at least one direction. Thus, this leaves sufficient space for the anchor holes disposed at the edge on the wall formwork to be able to securely attach anchor rods for anchoring the wall formwork. Since the specifically provided anchor holes of a wall formwork are in principle all being used for anchoring the wall formwork, the sealing of anchor points that are not required can be omitted. This contributes to a rational forming of large surface areas.
In one embodiment, the basic body of the wall formwork, i.e. the supporting elements, are made from metal, preferably light metal. The basic body can be made, for example, from hot-dipped galvanized steel or extruded light metal. In a preferred embodiment, the basic body of the wall formwork is configured as a frame. The frame preferably comprises longitudinal beams and crossbars, which are preferably configured in a profile form for an improved stiffening of the frame.
Preferably, the arrangement of the anchor holes in the wall formwork is designed in such a way that the anchor holes extend through the frame of the wall formwork. The forces acting on the formwork facing can thus be introduced into the frame of the wall formwork in an improved manner. In this case, it is particularly advantageous to dispose the anchor holes on longitudinal beams and/or crossbars of the frame that are configured in a reinforced manner, in order to enable a constructionally advantageous anchoring.
The wall formworks are preferably configured in such a manner that they can also be mounted rotated by 90°, if so required. In principle, the enables a flexible connection of wall formworks one above the other or next to each other in order to build up a large-surface wall formwork. As required, the wall formworks can then be stacked in a standing or lying state. It is particularly advantageous to correspondingly dimension the dimensions of the wall formworks so as to be compatible, so that the anchor holes and anchor points are aligned with an opposite wall formwork also if mounted rotated by 90°. The wall formworks can thus be combined with each other in a variety of ways, so that the number of required wall formworks, in particular of the different formats, can on the whole be reduced.
According to another teaching, which is important in its own right, protection is sought for a multi-purpose wall formwork, in which at least one horizontally extending anchor hole row with a plurality of anchor holes is provided, on which at least one closure means for anchor holes can be or is attached. The closure means is preferably attached to the outer face configured as a formwork facing in such a way that the closure means substantially ends flush with the outer face. In particular, the closure means for the anchor holes serves for closing anchor holes that are not required, i.e. anchor points of an anchor hole row.
In particular, the closure means is configured in such a way that one anchor hole of the anchor hole row remains free for anchoring. The remaining anchor hole of a anchor hole row that is not closed can then be used for anchoring the multi-purpose wall formwork.
At first, it is important to provide a plurality of anchor holes in the form of an anchor hole row, in which anchor points that are not required can be closed as needed. The multi-purpose wall formwork can thus be flexibly disposed for anchoring with further wall formworks, wherein, depending on the circumstances, anchor holes that are not required can be closed with a closure means. The closure means ensures that no concrete leaks from the anchor points that are not required. Furthermore, this makes it possible to prepare a uniform anchor hole pattern in the solidified concrete, in which only those anchor points that are used for anchoring remain visible.
Particularly advantageously, the multi-purpose wall formwork according to the proposal can be used for preparing a complex wall formwork for corners, columns, pillars, wall projections or the like. For this purpose, one or more multi-purpose wall formworks can be flexibly combined with further wall formworks. The adaptability of the multi-purpose wall formwork ensures that the assembly-related expenditure for preparing such wall formworks is reduced considerably. Furthermore, the number of individual formworks to be stored as well as the corresponding accessories can be reduced, which makes a rational forming possible.
Moreover, due to the adaptable anchor points, the multi-purpose wall formwork can be used for length compensation when preparing a wall formwork. This contributes to reducing considerably the number of required formats of a wall formwork.
The basic structure of the multi-purpose wall formwork corresponds to the wall formwork already explained. All of the statements made in respect of the wall formwork that are suitable for describing the configuration of the multi-purpose wall formwork apply mutatis mutandis to this additional teaching.
Preferably, the anchor holes of an anchor hole row are disposed in uniform spacings. In particular, the spacing of the anchor holes relative to each other is 3 cm to 7 cm, for example 5 cm. This makes it possible to flexibly adapt the multi-purpose wall formwork for anchoring so as to correspond to the given spacings.
In one embodiment, the anchor hole row is configured as a depression on the outer face configured as a formwork facing. Preferably, the depression is configured in such a way that one or more closure means can be attached. Then, a closure means, such as a panel, strip or the like can be introduced into the depression, wherein the closure means is made in such a way that the anchor holes of the anchor hole row can be closed tightly.
Preferably, the closure means is connected to the anchor hole row by a positive and/or non-positive connection. A detachable connection, such as a snap-in connection, is particularly advantageous. This enables a flexible attachment of a closure means to the anchor hole row. In principle, several closure means on a single anchor hole row can also be provided, which complement each other correspondingly, in order to cause the anchor hole row to be closed tightly.
In order to make possible a flexible selection of the anchor hole of an anchor hole row used for anchoring, the closure means in one embodiment already comprises an anchor hole that can be used as an anchor point. In that case, the closure means can be adapted correspondingly to the required width of a multi-purpose wall formwork in order to provide the desired anchor point in an anchor hole row.
In another embodiment, the closure means is configured to be separable, preferably in such a way that sections and/or hole portions of the closure means are detachable. Depending on the desired anchor point, the corresponding section and/or hole portion of a closure means can be removed in order to enable anchoring. For this purpose, the closure means can be configured in such a manner that a perforation, notch, predetermined breaking point or the like is provided for the simplified separation of the sections and/or hole portions. It is particularly advantageous to provide the separable hole portions of a closure means in an axially aligned manner relative to the anchor holes of a anchor hole row. If the closure means is attached to an anchor hole row, the separable hole portions then preferably lie over the anchor hole of the multi-purpose wall formwork.
In another embodiment, the anchor hole row is rigidly connected to the basic body of the wall formwork and for this purpose preferably comprises a reinforcing strip in the basic body. In particular, the reinforcing strip is accommodated in the frame of the basic body. In particular, the arrangement of the reinforcing strip in the frame is designed in such a way that the reinforcing strip is disposed between crossbars of the frame. This makes an embodiment of the anchor hole row in the wall formwork possible that is constructionally particularly advantageous.
In order to make possible a flexible connection on the lateral flat sides of a multi-purpose wall formwork, transverse holes are provided in one embodiment on the flat side of the multi-purpose wall formwork, which in particular extend substantially orthogonally to the anchor holes. Thus, the multi-purpose wall formwork can be connected in a variety of ways with other wall formworks, in order to prepare, in particular, a precise corner-shaped wall formworks. It is particularly advantageous to provide the transverse holes at the level of the anchor holes. Thus, this ensures compatibility with respect to other wall formworks or multi-purpose wall formworks. Particularly preferably, the transverse holes are provided on both lateral flat sides as well as, optionally, on the lower and upper flat side of a multi-purpose wall formwork in order to obtain a standing, lying, laterally and/or vertically offset assembly option.
Preferably, a multi-purpose wall formwork comprises at least two horizontally extending anchor hole rows. The spacing of the anchor hole rows that extend parallel to each other in particular corresponds to the grid spacing of a wall formwork described above. This ensures the compatibility of a multi-purpose wall formwork with a wall formwork described above, so that they can be combined with one another in a flexible manner.
Particularly preferred dimensions of the multi-purpose wall formworks according to the proposal are formats having a width of 85 cm to 125 cm, preferably of 105 cm, as well as a height of 90 cm, 120 cm, 300 cm or 360 cm.
According to another aspect of the invention, a wall formwork system comprising at least one wall formwork and at least one multi-purpose wall formwork is proposed. The multi-purpose wall formwork corresponds to the multi-purpose wall formwork explained above, so that in this regard, reference may be made to the statements above in their entirety.
The arrangement consisting of the wall formwork and the multi-purpose wall formwork makes it possible to prepare corner-shaped wall formworks with simple means. The adaptability of the multi-purpose wall formwork ensures that the wall formworks can be combined in any way in order to prepare a rugged wall formwork. Furthermore, due to the adaptability of the multi-purpose wall formwork, the arrangement permits a length compensation when preparing a formwork. This contributes to preparing a variety of formworks with a small number of wall formwork formats and elements.
According to another aspect of the invention, a formwork system is proposed, comprising a plurality of wall formworks. What is important is that the wall formworks have at least two different dimensions, in particular height and/or width. This makes it possible to combine the wall formworks in a flexible manner. In particular, it is thus possible to arrange differently dimensioned wall formworks in a standing, lying, vertically and/or laterally offset manner relative to one another, in order to, for example, prepare a flexible stack of a wall formwork for a large-surface formwork. At least one wall formwork corresponds to the wall formwork according to the proposal explained above, so that in this regard, reference may be made to the statements above in their entirety.
Particularly preferably, the arrangement of the wall formworks is designed in such a way that the anchor holes are disposed with a uniform grid spacing relative to one another, at least with a grid spacing of at least 40 cm, more preferably at least 60 cm. This also makes it possible to configure particularly large-surface wall formworks so as to be equal to the loads and to obtain a correspondingly uniform anchor hole pattern in the solidified concrete.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments. In the Figures:
Wall formworks 1 according to the proposal with different dimensions as regards both height and width are apparent from the illustration in
Above the wall formworks 1, wall formworks 20 having two anchor holes 5 are disposed. The spacing between the two anchor holes is twice as large as the distance from one hole to the vertical edge boundary 7.
The formwork shown in
A wall formwork 22 comprises an anchor hole 5 whose spacing to the vertical edge 7 is half of the spacings 2 and 3 in order to be able to be suitably combined with the wall formworks 1 while minimizing the number of required anchor rods.
Therefore, the invention generally also includes a system with wall formworks, which comprises wall formworks with only a single hole, which has a spacing to vertical and/or horizontal boundaries that is half the size of the spacings 2 and/or 3.
The differently dimensioned wall formworks 1 can be combined in any way—as apparent from FIG. 1—to form a wall formwork system, in order to form a large-surface wall formwork. Accordingly, it is possible to arrange the wall formworks 1 in a variety of ways, standing, lying, vertically and/or laterally offset relative to each other. Thus, it is possible to use each of the wall formworks shown in
The connection of adjacent wall formworks 1 typically is done by means of connecting means provided on the supporting frames of wall formworks, such as clips or aligning clamps, which thus make it possible to move the interconnected wall formworks together, for example using a crane. This facilitates the fabrication and assembly of large-surface wall formworks.
Compared with the prior art, the anchor holes 5 in the wall formwork 1 are provided at uniform spacings relative to each other. The grid spacings 2, 3 are maintained also in the case of a combination of differently dimensioned wall formworks 1, as is apparent from
For the aforementioned reasons, the uniform grid spacings 2, 3 of the differently dimensioned wall formworks are preferably selected in such a way that the wall formworks can be mounted rotated by 90°. In that case, the spacing 2 has the same size as spacing 3. This increases the compatibility of the wall formwork with each other. The number of required formats of wall formworks can be reduced accordingly.
An anchor hole row 9 in this case comprises a plurality of anchor holes 5 disposed distributed over the width 10 of a multi-purpose wall formwork, so that the multi-purpose wall formwork 8 can be adapted and used as required. In the case of
In principle, the closure means 11 for the anchor holes can also be configured to consist of multiple parts. One or more closure means can in this case be attached to the anchor hole row 9 as required, in order to obtain a closure of the anchor hole row 9. It is also possible to configure a closure means 11 with separable sections and/or hole portions. Thus, the closure means 11 can be flexibly adapted to the required dimensions. Alternatively or additionally, a hole portion for a required anchor rod can also be removed manually from the closure means 11 in order thus to enable the introduction of an anchor rod through a multi-purpose wall formwork 8.
Preferably, one or more transverse holes 16, which extend substantially orthogonally to the anchor holes 5, are provided on the lateral flat sides 15 of the multi-purpose wall formwork 8. This enables the connection of the multi-purpose wall formwork 8 via the flat sides 15, so that a flexible arrangement of the multi-purpose wall formwork 8 is possible, for example to prepare precise corner-shaped wall formworks.
Preferably, the transverse holes 16 are provided at the level of the anchor holes 5, i.e. at the level of the anchor hole rows 9. Preferably, the anchor hole rows 9 of the multi-purpose wall formwork 8 are adapted to the corresponding level of the anchor holes 5 in a wall formwork 1 according to the invention. Accordingly, the vertical spacing of the anchor hole rows 9 can match the grid spacing 2, 3 of the wall formwork. This improves the compatibility between multi-purpose wall formworks 8 and wall formworks 1, so that a variety of combinations to form a wall formwork system is made possible. It is also possible to provide at least one frame hole 17, which can be used like an anchor hole 5, on the frame 12 of a multi-purpose wall formwork 8, in particular at the edge.
The multi-purpose formwork element 8 can be used particularly advantageously with at least one wall formwork according to the proposal for forming corners, wall junctions, columns, pillars or the like. The adaptability of the multi-purpose wall formwork 8 contributes to the number of required wall formworks being reduced and to being able to dispense with special corner wall formworks for walls of different thicknesses. This contributes to a rational production and assembly of a formwork with a complex configuration.
It is apparent from the above statements that the wall formworks are generally combined in a variety of ways in order to prepare large-surface wall formworks or complex wall formwork courses. This means that the interconnected wall formworks as well as the optionally provided multi-purpose formworks are exposed to different load levels due to concrete pressures, particularly depending on the height of the configured wall formwork.
In view of the different loads on a wall formwork, it becomes clear that the load-adapted, rugged structure of the wall formwork 1 according to the proposal and the corresponding dimensioning of the wall formwork 1 are of particular importance. The excessive concrete pressures in a wall formwork combined in whatever fashion, which also arise, lead to an overloading of anchor points, which in the end also jeopardizes a reliable anchoring of the wall formwork. Such overloads on anchor points in the case of a combined arrangement of a plurality of wall formworks 1 and optionally provided multi-purpose wall formworks 8 can be avoided with simple means by means of the wall formwork systems according to the proposal, even under difficult conditions, such as large-surface formworks or complex wall formwork courses.
In
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2012 217 689.6 | Sep 2012 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/069826 | 9/24/2013 | WO | 00 |
