Patent Application
20150218831
The invention relates to a wall formwork according to the preamble of claim 1, a wall formwork system equipped with such a wall formwork and a method for anchoring such a wall formwork.
A wall formwork within the sense of the present invention is used in formwork engineering for concrete structures, i.e. for concreting concrete or reinforced concrete structures. A wall formwork is typically used for producing formworks for walls, columns, foundations, shafts or the like. A wall formwork comprises a formwork facing on the front facing towards the concrete and elements supporting the formwork facing on the back, such as frames, longitudinal beams and crossbars. The two sides of a wall to be concreted are delimited by wall formworks. The outer face of each wall formwork configured as a formwork facing in that case adjoins the concrete.
Wall formworks facing each other are, as a matter of principle, retained by a plurality of anchor rods. The anchor rods are in this case pushed through openings—so-called anchor holes—in the wall formworks, and attached at their ends to the elements supporting the respective formwork facing in such a way that at least the tensile force acting upon the anchor rods during concreting is absorbed, but preferably also a compressive force.
Wall formworks are exposed to loads due to the concrete pressure, which rises together with the height of a wall to be concreted. Wall formworks, anchor systems and the number of anchor systems used must be designed accordingly.
As a matter of principle, the preparation of a wall formwork entails the problem that reliable anchoring is to be made possible by a corresponding arrangement of the anchor points in the wall formwork. At the same time, it is necessary to be able to reliably absorb the concrete pressures occurring in a wall formwork in each case. The arrangement of the anchor points in conventional wall formworks is optimized, in particular, for a given maximum load, so that flexible forming is not possible, and the resulting expenditure for a rational assembly or dismantling of the wall formworks is unsatisfactory.
Furthermore, it is not readily possible, as a rule, to combine wall formworks with different dimensions and formats with each other. As a rule, the compatibility of wall formworks is limited by individual dimensions and different arrangements of anchor points, so that a multitude of wall formworks has to be stored in order to prepare, in particular, large-surface wall formworks.
Unless otherwise stated below, the above-mentioned features can be combined in any manner, individually or in any combination, with the subject matter of the invention described below.
A concrete form system is known from U.S. Pat. No. 8,011,637.
Document “Firmenschrift der Peri GmbH, Trio Housing, D89264 WeiBenhorn, 09/2009” discloses a wall formwork comprising only one anchor hole. Further, the document discloses a wall formwork for concrete structures, comprising more than anchor points in one half but no anchor points in the other half.
FR 1 011 770 A discloses a formwork comprising a distribution of anchor holes which allow flexible corner connections.
DE 195 07 384 A1 discloses a formwork comprising crossbars which are attached to longitudinal beams in a flexible manner.
It is the object of the invention to further develop a wall formwork for concrete structures which allows a flexible anchoring of the anchor points depending on the arising concrete pressure.
The object of the invention is achieved by a wall formwork having the features of one of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are apparent from the dependent claims.
First of all, a wall formwork is proposed in which more anchor points are disposed in one half of the wall formwork than in the other half. Such a wall formwork is intended and suitable for erecting it in such a way that, in relation to the horizontal central axis, there are more anchor points in the upper portion of the wall formwork than in the lower portion.
The essential thing is the idea of making possible an anchoring of the wall formwork suited to the requirements. To this end, the anchor points are provided in an asymmetrical manner in the upper and lower portions of the wall formwork, in such a way that, in the mounted state, more anchor points are provided in the upper portion than in the lower portion. Depending on the arising concrete pressure in the wall formwork, a specific anchoring can then take place. This makes a flexible anchoring of the anchor points as required possible, depending on the arising concrete pressure in the wall formwork. In principle, the concrete pressure varies in the process depending on the concreting height of a wall formwork. Accordingly, the anchor points—in the form of anchor holes—are chosen depending on the concreting height, particularly in such a way that the vertical spacing of the anchor points used, and preferably the number of anchor points used and disposed vertically spaced, varies, depending on the load-related situation. The number of anchor rods to be inserted, and thus the assembly expenditure and dismantling expenditure can thus be advantageously minimized. The number of different wall formworks can also be minimized in this manner.
Anchor holes that are not required are closed with a cap, preferably by positive fit. For closure, the cap is connected with the anchor hole for instance by screwing or by latching.
If a low concreting height is required, the use of a reduced number of vertically spaced anchor points suffices for reliably anchoring a wall formwork. In particular, the anchor points in the form of anchor holes are chosen in such a way that at least one anchor point from the lower portion and at least one anchor point from the upper portion are used for anchoring. Therefore, an anchor point above the horizontal central axis is used as an anchor point from the upper portion. Typically, it is sufficient if, seen in the vertical direction, only two of, as a rule, four anchor points provided in the vertical direction are used for anchoring if the concrete pressure is relatively low.
If a high concreting height is required and if therefore an increased concrete pressure is produced in the wall formwork, then preferably more than two vertically spaced anchor points are used for anchoring, i.e. typically three anchor points. In that case, the wall formwork typically has four anchor holes along the height direction, i.e. in the vertical direction. In that case, this wall formwork is anchored in such a way that it is capable of withstanding the increased loads over the entire height of the wall formwork.
In the case of more than two anchors inserted along the height, the anchor points used are, in particular, disposed in such a way that they are uniformly distributed over the height of the wall formwork in order to enable a particularly load-adapted construction of the wall formwork. Among one another, they then have identical spacings.
The structure according to the invention of the wall formwork therefore enables flexible anchoring, which can be individually and specifically adapted to the loads and at the same time permits a rational assembly of the wall formwork. Also, wall formworks can optionally be used for the fabrication of walls with a low height and with a height that, in comparison, is great, without always having to use all the anchor holes for anchoring, i.e. fitting them with anchors. Therefore, it is unnecessary to have different wall formworks in store for this purpose. The number of parts to keep in store can thus be advantageously minimized.
Furthermore, a wall formwork with such an arrangement of anchor points can be combined in an improved manner with other, differently designed wall formworks. The additionally provided anchor point in the upper portion of the wall formwork contributes to an improved capability of the wall formwork according to the proposal of being combined with differently dimensioned wall formworks. In particular, the arrangement of the additional anchor point in the upper portion is designed in such a way that, through it, the wall formwork can be connected to a differently dimensioned wall formwork. This increases the compatibility of the wall formwork, so that the wall formwork can be combined with other wall formworks in a variety of ways.
The anchor points, which are not provided symmetrically, are preferably disposed asymmetrically distributed over the height of the wall formwork, i.e., in particular, on at least three vertically spaced levels of the wall formwork. Height means the length of a wall formwork or formwork facing. The width of the formwork facing is in that case smaller than the height. In principle, a vertically spaced anchor point can comprise one or more anchor holes at the same level, i.e. height, of the wall formwork. Advantageously, there are four anchor holes, respectively, along the height, and two anchor holes, respectively, along the width.
In one embodiment of the invention, one or more anchor holes are located on the center line that separates the upper half of the wall formwork from the lower. This embodiment permits an optimized usage of the entire height of the wall formwork.
In one embodiment of the invention, an anchor point is disposed between the central anchor point and the upper anchor point, preferably in such a way that the anchor point is provided centrally or substantially centrally between the central and the uppermost anchor points.
It is provided in one embodiment that the vertically spaced anchor points comprise several anchor hole at the same level of the wall formwork, i.e. two or three, as a rule. At the lowermost anchor point, for example, two horizontally spaced anchor holes can thus be provided at the same level of the wall formwork. Equally, the central anchor point, the uppermost anchor point as well as the interposed additional anchor point can each comprise two anchor holes at the same level of the wall formwork, which in the erected state are horizontally spaced apart. This arrangement of the anchor points with anchor holes distributed across the width of the anchor holes ensures a particularly reliable anchoring of large-surface wall formworks. Depending on the required concreting height and thus depending on the loads, a flexible anchoring of the wall formwork can be carried out at the same time by specific selection of the vertically spaced anchor points, in order to make possible an efficient and reliable anchoring.
The additional anchor point in the upper portion of the wall formwork disposed between the central and uppermost anchor points is used particularly in combination with the lowermost anchor points at relatively low concrete pressures, i.e. primarily at concrete pressures that are reduced with respect to the height of the wall formwork. In that case, the arrangement of the corresponding anchor points is designed, in particular, in such a way that the loads arising can be securely absorbed by means of two vertically spaced anchor points, particularly by means of the lowermost anchor point and the additional anchor point in the upper portion of the wall formwork. Due to the number of anchor points used, which in comparison with a conventional anchoring is reduced, the assembly-related expenditure can be reduced, so that an efficient assembly or dismantling of a wall formwork is made possible.
In another embodiment, the lowermost anchor point, the central anchor point and the uppermost anchor point are disposed with substantially a uniform grid spacing. Furthermore, the wall formwork is preferably dimensioned in such a way that the spacing of the anchor holes at the edge to the outer horizontal and/or vertical boundary of the wall formwork substantially corresponds to half of the grid spacing. In that case, the additional anchor point in the upper portion of the wall formwork is preferably disposed in such a way that the vertical spacing to the vertically adjacent anchor points largely corresponds to half of the grid spacing. In that case, the anchor points in the lower portion have a vertical spacing corresponding to the grid spacing, whereas the anchor points in the upper portion of the wall formwork have a vertical spacing corresponding to half of the grid spacing. This arrangement of the anchor points improves the load-adapted structure of the wall formwork. This is particularly advantageous in the case of increase loads on the wall formwork, for example due to relatively high concreting heights, such as, for example, concreting heights that approximately or largely correspond to the height of the wall formwork. Such an arrangement of the anchor points contributes to the capability of the wall formwork of being exposed to loads substantially uniformly over the height in this way.
In a preferred embodiment, the anchor points are disposed in the form of anchoring holes on at least one vertically extending axis. Preferably, at least three anchor holes are provided on a vertically extending axis. It is particularly advantageous to provide anchor holes on two vertically extending axes. In that case, two horizontally spaced anchor holes on a common level, i.e. height, of the wall formwork can be associated with a vertically spaced anchor point. Providing horizontally spaced axes with anchor holes enables a correspondingly large-surface and rugged configuration of wall formwork.
In one embodiment, the lowermost anchor point and the uppermost anchor point are equally spaced in relation to the horizontal central axis and disposed preferably axisymmetrically. It is particularly advantageous to provide a central anchor point on the horizontal central axis. The symmetrical arrangement of the lowermost and uppermost anchor points in relation to the horizontal central axis contributes to the capability of the wall formwork of uniformly absorbing the loads.
It is particularly advantageous to configure the anchor points of the wall formwork, particularly all anchor points disposed above and on the horizontal central axis, so that they can be closed. The anchor points are capable of accommodating a closure means in a sealing manner in order to prevent concrete from leaking from the wall formwork. Further sealing means can be provided in the anchor hole and/or on the closure means for an improved sealing of the anchor points. Anchor points that are not required for anchoring can in that case be securely closed as required. In particular, the anchor holes are configured in such a way that the closure means is accommodated so as to end flush with the formwork facing and that thus, there is no projecting portion of the closure means in the formwork facing. Consequently, the solidified concrete has a largely smooth surface. In this way, visible impressions of closed anchor points are avoided so that the wall formwork can be used in an advantageous manner, from a production standpoint, for preparing visually attractive exposed concrete.
In another embodiment, the anchor holes at the edge have a spacing of at least 20 cm, more preferably at least 40 cm, to the horizontal and/or vertical boundary of the wall formwork. What is meant by anchor holes at the edge are those anchor holes that adjoin the outer horizontal and/or vertical boundary of the wall formwork in at least one direction. This ensures that sufficient space is available at the anchor holes at the edge to provide a secure anchoring by means of anchor rods.
Particularly preferred dimensions of the wall formwork according to the proposal are formats having a width of 200 cm to 280 cm, more preferably 220 cm to 260 cm, and/or a height of 320 cm to 400 cm, more preferably 340 cm to 380 cm.
According to another aspect of the invention, a wall formwork system comprising a plurality of wall formworks is proposed, wherein at least two wall formworks have different dimensions, in particular height and/or width. At least one wall formwork corresponds to the wall formwork according to the proposal explained above, so that in this regard, reference may be made to the statements above in their entirety.
The formwork system makes it possible to combine the wall formworks in a flexible manner. In particular, the configuration of the wall formworks and the dimensioning of the dimensions is designed in such a way that differently dimensioned wall formworks can also be disposed in a standing, lying, vertically and/or laterally offset manner relative to one another, in order to enable, in a variety of ways, the stacking of a wall formwork for preparing a large-surface formwork.
It is particularly advantageous to configure the dimensions or the format of at least one further wall formwork with a width of 200 cm to 280 cm, more preferably 220 cm to 260 cm, and/or with a height of 280 cm to 320 cm, more preferably 300 cm. In particular, the arrangement of the anchor points is in that case designed in such a way that at least two vertically spaced anchor points in the respective wall formworks can be connected to each other. In that case, the connectable anchor points in the respective wall formworks are disposed so as to be aligned with each other. This ensures the compatibility between wall formworks with different heights, so that a variety of combinations of different formats of wall formworks is made possible.
The invention moreover relates to a system of wall formworks, comprising a wall formwork according to the claim, as well as a wall formwork with a smaller length or height with symmetrically distributed anchor holes, which are disposed along its length in the same way as anchor holes of the wall formwork according to the claim.
If the anchor holes are symmetrically distributed, they have a uniform or at least substantially uniform grid spacing relative to each other, the wall formwork advantageously being dimensioned in such a way that the spacing of the anchor holes to the outer boundary of the wall formwork, which in the erected state extends vertically and/or horizontally, corresponds to half of the grid spacing or at least substantially half of the grid spacing.
The anchor holes are disposed in a uniform, i.e. substantially equally spaced-apart grid spacing relative to each other in order to optimize the wall formwork with regard to the arising concrete pressure. In the process, the spacing of the anchor holes to the outer boundary of the wall formwork is also set in a specific manner. If a wall formwork is prepared with wall formworks of this type and filled with concrete, it is thus ensured that the wall formwork is exposed to the load particularly uniformly, in such a way that the loads are substantially evenly distributed across the arrangement of the anchor holes. The arrangement, which is, in particular, symmetrical, contributes to the concrete forces arising being absorbed in a uniformly distributed manner across the anchor holes. Excessive loads, and thus the danger of damage to the wall formwork, particularly in the region of the anchor holes and the anchor points, are thus avoided in an improved manner, so that an overall improved durability of the wall formwork is achieved. The arrangement of the anchor holes moreover contributes to preparing a rugged formwork in a manner that is advantageous as regards the assembly with few anchor holes, and thus, also few anchor points. The fewer anchor rods have to be used, the smaller the expenditure for assembly and dismantling.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments. In the Figures:
The wall formwork 1 according to the proposal, which is depicted in the drawing, comprises an outer face configured as a formwork facing 6 as well as a basic body. In particular, the basic body comprises a profile-shaped frame structure 18, which further preferably consists of longitudinal beams and crossbars for improved stiffening. The basic body is preferably made from metal, in particular light metal. Particularly advantageously, the basic body can be made from hot-dipped galvanized steel or extruded light metal.
It is apparent from the illustration in
Preferably, an anchor point is provided on the horizontal central axis 7. In the case of
In the case of conventional wall formworks, for example with a height of about 360 cm, the concreting height in the majority of applications, for example in about 70% of cases of application, regularly corresponds to no more than ¾ of the height 10 of the wall formwork, or no more than 240 cm. Due to the reduced loads, it is advantageous in this case to reduce the number of anchor points used that are disposed distributed over the height 10 of the wall formwork. In that case, an anchor point from the lower portion 9, i.e. the anchor point 2, and an anchor point from the upper portion 8, are used, with the additional anchor point 4 between the uppermost anchor point 5 and the central anchor point 3, in particular, being used as the anchor point from the upper portion. This ensures—in manner yet to be explained—a favorable concrete pressure course in a wall formwork.
In a minority of applications, for example in about 30% of cases of application, the concreting height corresponds to more than ¾ of the height 10 of the wall formwork, or more than 240 cm. Due to the increased loads, it is in this case advantageous to use a greater number of vertically spaced anchor points for anchoring. Preferably, the anchor points are chosen in such a way that they are substantially uniformly spaced over the height 10 of the wall formwork. In the case of
b) depicts an anchoring in the case of a reduced load on the wall formwork 1. In the present case, two anchor points distributed over the height 10 of the wall formwork are used for anchoring. This arrangement is used particularly when the concreting height is no more than ¾ of the height 10 of the wall formwork or no more than 240 cm. In principle, it is also possible that the loads drop below a certain threshold value for the concrete pressure in a wall formwork due to other boundary conditions. In the case of
Particularly preferably, at least two vertically spaced anchor points of a wall formwork 1 according to the proposal are disposed in such a way that they can be connected to a differently dimensioned wall formwork, in particular with a different height and/or width. In that case, at least two vertically spaced anchor points in the respective wall formworks are, in particular, disposed so as to be aligned with each other in order to thus enable a joint anchoring. Particularly preferable is the connectable arrangement of a wall formwork according to the proposal with a height of 360 cm with another wall formwork that has a height of 300 cm. This makes it possible to combine wall formworks 1 according to the proposal in a variety of ways with wall formworks of different dimensions.
The drawings show that both halfs of a formwork comprises one or more anchor holes. Otherwise, a flexible anchoring of the anchor points depending on the arising concrete pressure is as a rule not possible.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2012 217 688.8 | Sep 2012 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/069827 | 9/24/2013 | WO | 00 |
