Patent Grant
10822792
The present invention relates to a block for decorating an outer wall or an inner wall in construction work and a construction method for bricklaying work, and more particularly, to a wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein and a method of constructing a wall using the same, wherein frames which serve as a frame structure are installed on beams, slabs, and pillars and blocks are stacked within the installed frames, thereby solving a disadvantage of bricklaying work in that it is vulnerable to impact and earthquakes because a frame structure is not formed in a construction process in which blocks are adhered and stacked with mortar, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion or wedge-shaped concave groove is formed throughout upper, lower, left, and right surfaces of the blocks to allow adjacent blocks to be firmly coupled and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion or wedge-shaped concave groove is formed throughout inner surfaces of the frames, which are in contact with the blocks, to firmly fix the blocks stacked within the frames, thereby preventing the blocks from being detached due to external impact or earthquakes, and inclined surfaces of the wedge-shaped protrusions and wedge-shaped concave grooves allow the stacked blocks to be restored to their original positions even when the blocks are misaligned, thereby significantly improving seismic performance.
Generally, when forming a wall at an outer wall or an inner wall of a building, bricklaying work is performed in which bricks or blocks formed of concrete or the like are stacked to form a wall and mortar is applied between the stacked blocks so that the blocks are adhered to each other. The bricklaying work is a technique that is widely used due to its advantages of facilitating construction, excellent moisture resistance and durability, and low construction cost.
In the above-described bricklaying structure in which the blocks are adhered using mortar, due to the structure of stacking the blocks, support is not easily lost by vibration or impact acting in a vertical direction. However, the bricklaying structure is vulnerable to vibration or impact acting in a horizontal direction, and even fine vibration that occurs repeatedly may cause the mortar, with which the blocks are adhered and fixed, to be separated from the blocks, thus decreasing a coupling force between the blocks. Accordingly, there is a problem in that cracks are formed in the wall or the wall collapses as the stacked blocks are detached.
Particularly, due to the characteristic of the bricklaying structure in that it is vulnerable to the vibration or impact acting in the horizontal direction, when an earthquake occurs, the wall collapses, increasing the likelihood of a major accident. In recent years, with a gradual increase in the magnitude and number of earthquakes occurring in South Korea, damage cases have rapidly increased with regards to buildings built using a bricklaying construction method, in which blocks are adhered with mortar, in earthquake-affected areas, and the need for seismic design in bricklaying work has come to the fore.
To improve seismic performance of the bricklaying structure which lacks resistance to the vibration or impact acting in the horizontal direction as described above, a frame structure is required for fixing the blocks so that the laid blocks are not detached from the wall. Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1071364 proposes an assembly structure of construction blocks, in which a coupling protrusion is formed at an upper portion and one side surface of each block and a coupling groove is formed at a lower portion and the other side surface of each block such that the blocks are assembled by fitting the coupling grooves and the coupling protrusions to each other, a reinforcing member and a frame are sequentially mounted on upper, lower, left, and right edges of each laid block, and then the frames and the blocks are fixed using a fixing member.
However, the assembly structure according to the above registered patent is directed to shortening a bricklaying work period by assembling blocks and frames to form walls and then installing the formed walls on a building. As in the conventional bricklaying work, there are problems in that, because frames for fixing the blocks are not configured to move integrally with beams, slabs, and pillars that support a major load acting on a building, a wall may collapse as the frames are separated from the building when an earthquake occurs, and, because, due to the shape characteristics of the coupling protrusions and the coupling grooves formed at the blocks, stress is prone to concentrate on inner side corners of connecting portions formed at the coupling protrusions and the coupling grooves formed at the blocks when an earthquake occurs or external impact acts on the building, a wall may collapse as the coupling protrusions or the coupling grooves are damaged due to the stress concentrated thereon.
The present invention is directed to providing improvement to seismic performance in bricklaying work by fixing and installing frames on beams, slabs, and pillars that support a major load of a building so that the frames move integrally with the beams, slabs, and pillars when an earthquake occurs or external impact acts on the building and fitting and fixing blocks to the frames integrally fixed with the building so that a frame structure is formed in bricklaying work for constructing a wall.
The present invention is directed to providing a coupling structure between blocks that is capable of preventing stacked blocks from being detached from each other and, even when the blocks are misaligned due to an earthquake or external impact acting thereon, allowing the blocks to be restored to their original positions by shape characteristics of wedge-shaped protrusions and wedge-shaped concave grooves of coupling surfaces.
The present invention is directed to providing a coupling structure between blocks that is capable of preventing blocks and frames, which are fixed and installed on a building, from being detached from each other and, even when the blocks and the frames are misaligned due to an earthquake or external impact acting thereon, allowing the blocks and the frames to be restored to their original positions by shape characteristics of wedge-shaped protrusions and wedge-shaped concave grooves of coupling surfaces.
The present invention is directed to providing improvement to watertightness, sound insulation, and windproofness of a wall by firmly coupling frames and blocks through wedge-shaped protrusions and wedge-shaped concave grooves formed on the blocks and frames.
The present invention is directed to providing further improvement to watertightness, sound simulation, and windproofness of a wall by forming a dense structure in a constructed wall by applying an adhesive between coupling surfaces of blocks in a wall for which watertightness, sound insulation, and windproofness are important.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein, the wall structure including: an upper frame mounted on a surface of a beam, the upper frame having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove formed throughout a lower surface, wherein a corner of the wedge-shaped concave groove is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the beam; a lower frame mounted on a surface of a slab, the lower frame having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion formed throughout an upper surface, wherein a corner of the wedge-shaped protrusion is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the slab; vertical frames mounted on outer side or inner side surfaces of pillars so as to be connected to ends of the upper frame and the lower frame, the vertical frames each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion formed throughout an inner side surface, wherein a corner of the wedge-shaped protrusion is parallel to a height direction of the pillar; blocks laid by being fitted between the upper frame, the lower frame, and the vertical frames, the blocks each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusion formed throughout an upper surface, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave groove formed throughout a lower surface, and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side protrusion and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave groove formed throughout both side surfaces, wherein, by the wedge-shaped upper protrusion and the wedge-shaped lower concave groove being fitted to each other, and the wedge-shaped side protrusion and the wedge-shaped side concave groove being fitted to each other, the blocks are laid in a zigzag manner so that longitudinal side corners of the blocks are positioned on a central portion of the upper surface or the lower surface of the block stacked vertically adjacent thereto; intermediate blocks fitted between the blocks to change a direction in which the blocks are laid, so that the wedge-shaped side concave grooves of the laid blocks are coupled to the wedge-shaped protrusions of the vertical frames, the intermediate blocks each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusion formed throughout an upper surface, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave groove formed throughout a lower surface, and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave groove formed throughout both side surfaces; and a finish frame formed of two frame bodies, which have a rhombic cross-section and are symmetrical to each other, and a frame body fastener configured to pass through and fix the two frame bodies, wherein the two frame bodies are coupled by being fitted between the blocks laid on the uppermost end portion and the upper frame in directions toward an outer side and an inner side of a wall surface formed by the laid blocks, upper surfaces of the two coupled frame bodies are engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped concave groove of the upper frame, and lower surfaces of the frame bodies are engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped upper protrusions of the blocks laid on the uppermost end portion.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, one or more horizontal reinforcing frames may be mounted between the upper frame and the lower frame so as to be parallel to the upper frame and the lower frame, the one or more horizontal reinforcing frames each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion formed throughout an upper surface and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove formed throughout a lower surface, wherein corners of the wedge-shaped protrusion and the wedge-shaped concave groove may be parallel to a longitudinal direction of the upper frame and the lower frame, and the finish frame may be fitted and fixed between the wedge-shaped upper protrusions of the laid blocks and the wedge-shaped concave grooves of the horizontal reinforcing frames.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, one or more vertical intermediate frames may be installed between the vertical frames at both sides, an upper end and a lower end of the vertical intermediate frame may be connected and coupled to a surface of a beam and a surface of slab, respectively, both side ends of the horizontal reinforcing frame may be fixed to side surfaces of the vertical frame and the vertical intermediate frame by a fastening material, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion may be formed throughout both side surfaces of the vertical intermediate frame, a corner of the wedge-shaped protrusion may be parallel to a height direction of a pillar, and the wedge-shaped protrusion of the vertical intermediate frame may be engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped side concave groove of the laid block.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusions and the isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave grooves of the frames, the blocks, and the intermediate blocks may be configured to form an obtuse angle.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, binding surfaces of the block and the intermediate block may be finished with water-swellable water stop rubber.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the upper frame, the lower frame, and the vertical frame may each be formed of a double structure such that the upper frame, the lower frame, and the vertical frame which are at an outer side come in close contact toward the outside of an outer side surface of a pillar and the upper frame, the lower frame, and the vertical frame which are at an inner side are spaced apart toward the inside of the outer side surface of the pillar, the vertical frame installed at the outer side may be bent in an L-shape such that a bent inner side surface of the vertical frame is mounted to come in close contact with an outer corner of a pillar at an outer boundary, and an insulator panel may be configured to be fitted in a space between the blocks which are laid by being fitted to each of the upper frames, the lower frames, and the vertical frames at the outer side and the inner side.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the outer side or inner side frames may be formed of a double structure in which wedge-shaped concave grooves of the upper frames at the outer side or inner side of the pillar are disposed side by side in two columns so as to form a W-shaped concave groove, wedge-shaped protrusions of the lower frames at the outer side or inner side of the pillar are disposed in two columns so as to form a W-shaped protrusion, and wedge-shaped protrusions of the vertical frames at the outer side or inner side of the pillar are disposed in two columns so as to form a W-shaped protrusion.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, double blocks, each having isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusions disposed in two columns throughout an upper surface so as to form a W-shaped upper protrusion, isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave grooves disposed in two columns throughout a lower surface so as to form a W-shaped lower concave groove, isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side protrusions disposed in two columns throughout one side surface so as to form a W-shaped side protrusion, and isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave grooves disposed in two columns throughout the other side surface so as to form a W-shaped side concave groove, may be, by the wedge-shaped upper protrusion and the wedge-shaped lower concave groove being fitted to each other, and the wedge-shaped side protrusion and the wedge-shaped side concave groove being fitted to each other, laid in a zigzag manner on the outer side frames formed of the double structure so that longitudinal side corners of the double blocks are positioned on a central portion of the upper surface or the lower surface of the double block stacked vertically adjacent thereto, and double intermediate blocks may be fitted between the double blocks to change a direction in which the double blocks are laid, so that the W-shaped side concave groove of the laid double blocks is coupled to the W-shaped protrusion of the vertical frame, the double intermediate blocks each having isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusions disposed in two columns throughout an upper surface so as to form a W-shaped upper protrusion, isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave grooves disposed in two columns throughout a lower surface so as to form a W-shaped lower concave groove, and isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave grooves disposed in two columns throughout both side surfaces so as to form a W-shaped side concave groove.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a window frame may be integrally formed at a central portion of the horizontal reinforcing frame, the window frame having isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusions formed throughout both side surfaces so as to head toward the vertical frames at both sides.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a waterproof plywood with an adhesive layer formed thereon may be attached to a surface of the insulator panel.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein, the method including: a step of installing frames, in which an upper frame is mounted on a surface of a beam, the upper frame having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove formed throughout a lower surface, wherein a corner of the wedge-shaped concave groove is parallel to a longitudinal direction of a beam, a lower frame is mounted on a surface of a slab, the lower frame having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion formed throughout an upper surface, wherein a corner of the wedge-shaped protrusion is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the slab, and vertical frames are mounted on inner side surfaces of pillars so as to be connected to ends of the upper frame and the lower frame, the vertical frames each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion formed throughout an inner side surface, wherein a corner of the wedge-shaped protrusion is parallel to a height direction of the pillar; a step of laying blocks and intermediate blocks, in which, when blocks are laid by being fitted between the upper frame, the lower frame, and the vertical frame, the blocks each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusion formed throughout an upper surface, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave groove formed throughout a lower surface, and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side protrusion and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave groove formed throughout both side surfaces, wherein, by the wedge-shaped upper protrusion and the wedge-shaped lower concave groove being fitted to each other, and the wedge-shaped side protrusion and the wedge-shaped side concave groove being fitted to each other, the blocks are laid in a zigzag manner so that longitudinal side corners of the blocks are positioned on a central portion of the upper surface or the lower surface of the block stacked vertically adjacent thereto, intermediate blocks are fitted between the blocks to change a direction in which the blocks are laid, so that the wedge-shaped side concave groove of the blocks is coupled to the wedge-shaped protrusion of the vertical frames at both sides, the intermediate blocks each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusion formed throughout an upper surface, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave groove formed throughout a lower surface, and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave groove formed throughout both side surfaces; and a step of fastening a finish frame, in which upper surfaces of frame bodies of a finish frame are engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped concave groove of the upper frame, lower surfaces of the frame bodies are engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped upper protrusions of the blocks laid on the uppermost end portion, and then the frame bodies are fixed using a frame body fastener, wherein the finish frame includes two frame bodies which have a rhombic cross-section and are symmetrical to each other.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of installing the frames may include a step of installing horizontal reinforcing frames, in which one or more horizontal reinforcing frames are mounted between the upper frame and the lower frame so as to be parallel to the upper frame and the lower frame, the one or more horizontal reinforcing frames each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion formed throughout an upper surface and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove formed throughout a lower surface, and the step of fastening the finish frame may include a step of fastening a finish frame for horizontal reinforcement, in which the finish frame is fitted and fixed between the wedge-shaped upper protrusions of the blocks, which are laid on each layer formed by the horizontal reinforcing frames in the step of laying the blocks and the intermediate blocks, and the wedge-shaped concave grooves of the horizontal reinforcing frames.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include, after the step of installing the horizontal reinforcing frames, a step of installing vertical intermediate frames, in which one or more vertical intermediate frames, each having an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion formed throughout both side surfaces, are installed between the vertical frames at both sides, an upper end and a lower end of the one or more vertical intermediate frames are connected and coupled to a surface of a beam and a surface of slab, respectively, and both side ends of the horizontal reinforcing frame are fixed to side surfaces of the vertical frame and the vertical intermediate frame by a fastening material so as to divide a wall surface into sections, of which adjacent sections are coupled by the same vertical intermediate frame.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of laying the blocks and the intermediate blocks may include a step of applying an adhesive, in which the blocks and the intermediate blocks are laid after an adhesive is applied on each interface of the blocks and the intermediate blocks.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of installing the frames may include a step of installing double frames, in which the upper frame, the lower frame, and the vertical frame which are at the outer side are installed to come in close contact toward the outside of an outer side surface of a pillar and the upper frame, the lower frame, and the vertical frame which are at an inner side are spaced apart toward the inside of the outer side surface of the pillar so that double frames are formed, and the method may further include, between the step of installing the double frames and the step of laying the blocks and the intermediate blocks, an insulation construction step in which an insulator panel is attached to the double frames.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of installing the double frames may include a step of installing W-shaped frames having double joining surfaces, in which wedge-shaped concave grooves of the upper frame at the outer side or inner side of the pillar are disposed side by side in two columns so as to form a W-shaped concave groove, wedge-shaped protrusions of the lower frame at the outer side or inner side of the pillar are disposed in two columns so as to form a W-shaped protrusion, and wedge-shaped protrusions of the vertical frame at the outer side or inner side of the pillar are disposed in two columns so as to form a W-shaped protrusion.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of laying the blocks and the intermediate blocks may include a step of laying double blocks and double intermediate blocks on W-shaped frames at the outer side or inner side, in which, on the double frames formed by the step of forming the W-shaped frames having the double joining surfaces, double blocks, each having isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusions disposed in two columns throughout an upper surface so as to form a W-shaped upper protrusion, isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave grooves disposed in two columns throughout a lower surface so as to form a W-shaped lower concave groove, isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side protrusions disposed in two columns throughout one side surface so as to form a W-shaped side protrusion, and isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave grooves disposed in two columns throughout the other side surface so as to form a W-shaped side concave groove, are, by the wedge-shaped upper protrusion and the wedge-shaped lower concave groove being fitted to each other, and the wedge-shaped side protrusion and the wedge-shaped side concave groove being fitted to each other, laid in a zigzag manner so that longitudinal side corners of the double blocks are positioned on a central portion of the upper surface or the lower surface of the double block stacked vertically adjacent thereto, and double intermediate blocks are fitted between the double blocks to change a direction in which the double blocks are laid, so that the W-shaped side concave groove of the double blocks is coupled to the W-shaped protrusion of the vertical frame, the double intermediate blocks each having isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusions disposed in two columns throughout an upper surface so as to form a W-shaped upper protrusion, isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave grooves disposed in two columns throughout a lower surface so as to form a W-shaped lower concave groove, and isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave grooves disposed in two columns throughout both side surfaces so as to form a W-shaped side concave groove.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of installing the horizontal reinforcing frames may include a step of installing horizontal reinforcing frames having a window frame integrally formed therewith, in which the horizontal reinforcing frames whose central portion is integrally formed with a window frame are mounted so as to be parallel to the upper frame and the lower frame.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the insulation construction step may include a step of attaching a waterproof plywood, in which a waterproof plywood with an adhesive layer formed thereon is attached to a surface of the insulator panel.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of laying the blocks and the intermediate blocks may include a step of laying blocks and intermediate blocks which have binding surfaces to which water-swellable water stop rubber is applied, in which the blocks and the intermediate block which have binding surfaces finished with water-swellable water stop rubber are laid.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a frame structure for fixing laid blocks is formed by frames fixed and installed in four directions on beams, slabs, and pillars by fastening materials, and the blocks are fitted and fixed to the frames. In this way, it is possible to solve a disadvantage of bricklaying work in that it is vulnerable to horizontal vibration.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, coupling between isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave grooves and isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusions allows blocks to stand on their own. In this way, it is possible to improve workability of bricklaying work.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, small clearances are formed in coupling surfaces of wedge-shaped concave grooves and wedge-shaped protrusions formed on four sides, i.e., upper, lower, left, and right sides, of blocks so that, even when vibration occurs due to external impact, an earthquake, or the like, impact on the blocks can be mitigated, and, even when misalignment occurs between adjacent blocks or between the blocks and frames due to external impact, the blocks can be restored to their original positions along inclined surfaces of the wedge-shaped concave grooves and wedge-shaped protrusions, thereby improving seismic performance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the shapes of the wedge-shaped concave grooves and wedge-shaped protrusions form an isosceles triangular shape with an obtuse angle. In this way, it is possible to prevent damage on the frames and blocks due to a phenomenon in which stress is concentrated thereon.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, intermediate blocks are fitted between the blocks to change a direction of wedge-shaped side concave grooves formed on the blocks and allow wedge-shaped protrusions to be formed on side surfaces of vertical frames at both sides. In this way, it is possible to improve strength by an increase in a thickness of the vertical frames that serve as a frame structure of a wall structure.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave grooves and isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusions, which are formed on the blocks, are coupled to wedge-shaped concave grooves or wedge-shaped protrusions of blocks or frames adjacent thereto in four directions, i.e., upper, lower, left, and right directions, and move integrally with pillars or slabs of a reinforced concrete structure. In this way, it is possible to improve watertightness, sound insulation, and windproofness even when coupling surfaces of the blocks are not adhered with an adhesive such as mortar.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, when laying the blocks and intermediate blocks, an adhesive such as a tile adhesive, a cement glue, or mortar is applied to each interface of the blocks and intermediate blocks. In this way, it is possible to construct coupling surfaces of the blocks with precision and form a dense structure in a wall so that the watertightness, sound insulation, and windproofness are further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, adjacent blocks divided from each other by a vertical intermediate frame are firmly coupled by the same vertical intermediate frame. In this way, it is possible to prevent detachment of the blocks due to vibration and impact and improve seismic performance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, coupling between W-shaped protrusions and W-shaped concave grooves allow firmer coupling between the blocks or between the blocks and frames. In this way, it is possible to more effectively prevent the detachment of the blocks due to vibration and impact.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal reinforcing frame and a window frame are integrally manufactured. In this way, it is possible to allow a window to have structural strength, prevent damage to a structural wall that may occur in the process of constructing the window frame, and reduce the cost and time for installing the window frame.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, binding surfaces of the wedge-shaped protrusions and wedge-shaped concave grooves of the blocks and intermediate blocks are finished with water-swellable water stop rubber. In this way, it is possible to improve the watertightness, sound insulation, and windproofness according to use purpose and construct the binding surfaces with precision.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a wall surface is divided into sections by the horizontal reinforcing frames and vertical intermediate frames. In this way, when the blocks are broken due to external impact, an earthquake, and the like, it is possible to replace only the corresponding broken section, thereby securing the efficiency of maintenance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the blocks and intermediate blocks, whose binding surfaces are finished with water-swellable water stop rubber, are stacked. In this way, it is possible to easily and promptly perform a bricklaying process for improving watertightness, sound insulation, and windproofness.
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Parts necessary to understand operations and actions according to the present invention will be mainly described in detail. In describing the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, description of details that are well-known in the art to which the present invention pertains and are not directly related to the present invention will be omitted. By omitting unnecessary description, the gist of the present invention can be more clearly delivered without being blurred.
In describing elements of the present invention, elements of the same names may be denoted by different reference numerals according to the drawings or denoted by the same reference numerals in different drawings. However, even in this case, it does not indicate that the corresponding element has different functions according to embodiments or has the same function in different embodiments. A function of each element should be determined on the basis of description of each element in the corresponding embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. The terms are not to be construed in an overly comprehensive or overly limiting sense.
In the specification, a singular expression includes a plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the application, terms such as “being formed of” or “including” does not necessarily mean including all of various elements or various steps described herein. The terms may indicate that some of the elements or steps are not included or additional elements or steps are further included.
In a wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a first embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in
Also, blocks 400 are laid by being fitted between the upper frame 100, the lower frame 200, and the vertical frames 300. As illustrated in
Here, the wedge-shaped upper protrusions 401 and the wedge-shaped lower concave grooves 402 of adjacent blocks 400 are fitted to each other, the wedge-shaped side protrusions 403 and the wedge-shaped side concave grooves 404 of adjacent blocks 400 are fitted to each other, and the blocks 400 are laid in a zigzag manner so that longitudinal side corners of the blocks 400 are positioned on a central portion of the upper surface or the lower surface of the block 400 stacked vertically adjacent thereto. As illustrated in
Also, as illustrated in
Also, as illustrated in
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a second embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the first embodiment. As illustrated in
Here, layers are formed within the frames due to installing the horizontal reinforcing frames 600. By fitting the finish frame 700, which has been described above in relation to the first embodiment, in a space between the laid blocks 400 and the lower surfaces of the horizontal reinforcing frames 600, the upper surface of the frame body 701 is engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped concave groove 600 of the horizontal reinforcing frame 600, the lower surface of the frame body 701 is engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped upper protrusion 401 of the block 400 laid on the uppermost end portion, and the frame body 701 is fixed by the frame body fastener 702.
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a third embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the second embodiment. As illustrated in
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the first to third embodiments, the isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusions and the isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave grooves of the frames, the blocks 400, and the intermediate blocks 500 form an obtuse angle. By the wedge-shaped protrusions and the wedge-shaped concave grooves forming an isosceles triangular shape with an obtuse angle, it is possible to prevent damage on the frames and blocks due to a phenomenon in which stress is concentrated thereon.
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the first to third embodiments, and binding surfaces of the blocks 400 and the intermediate blocks 500 are finished with water-swellable water stop rubber. The water-swellable water stop rubber is a material that swells upon coming in contact with moisture. Because the water-swellable water stop rubber may be stably adhered to various materials such as concrete or metal, the water-swellable water stop rubber may be applied to surfaces of the blocks 400 and the intermediate blocks 500. When the water-swellable water stop rubber swells due to moisture in a state in which laying of the blocks 400 and the intermediate blocks 500 is completed, clearances between binding surfaces of the blocks 400 and the intermediate blocks 500 are completely blocked such that it is possible to further improve sound insulation, windproofness, and waterproofness of a wall formed by the laid blocks.
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the first to third embodiments. As illustrated in
Here, as illustrated in
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the sixth embodiment. As illustrated in
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the seventh embodiment. As illustrated in
Also, as illustrated in
Here, the double blocks 410 are laid in a zigzag manner so that longitudinal side corners of the double blocks 410 are positioned on a central portion of the upper surface or the lower surface of the double block 410 stacked vertically adjacent thereto. The wedge-shaped upper protrusions 411 and the wedge-shaped lower concave grooves 412 are fitted and coupled to each other, and the wedge-shaped side protrusions 413 and the wedge-shaped side concave grooves 414 are fitted and coupled to each other between the laid double blocks 410. The double intermediate blocks 510 are fitted between the laid double blocks 410 and change a direction in which the double blocks 410 are laid, so that the W-shaped side concave groove 414 of the laid double block 410 may be coupled to the W-shaped protrusion 302 of the vertical frame 300.
Also, to allow the vertical frames 300 and the double blocks 410 to be completely coupled without a gap therebetween even when the double blocks 410 are disposed in a zigzag manner, double blocks 410, of which ever other one has a short length, are applied as the double blocks 410 coupled to the vertical frames 300.
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the second or third embodiment. As illustrated in
A wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as in the sixth embodiment. As illustrated in
A method of constructing the wall structure of the present invention configured as described above is as follows.
As illustrated in
Here, the step of installing the frames (S10) is completed by installing the upper frame 100, which has an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove 101 formed throughout a lower surface, so that a corner of the wedge-shaped concave groove 101 is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the beam, installing the lower frame 200, which has an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion 201 formed throughout an upper surface, so that a corner of the wedge-shaped protrusion 201 is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the slab, and installing the vertical frames 300, each of which has an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped protrusion 301 formed throughout an inner side surface, so that a corner of the wedge-shaped protrusion 301 is parallel to a height direction of the pillar.
When the step of installing the frames (S10) is completed, the step of laying the blocks and intermediate blocks (S40) is performed in which blocks 400 are laid within the frames and intermediate blocks 500 are fitted between the blocks 400. The blocks 400 each have an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusion 401 formed throughout an upper surface, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave groove 402 formed throughout a lower surface, and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side protrusion 403 and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave groove 404 formed throughout both side surfaces. The blocks 400 are laid such that the wedge-shaped upper protrusions 401 and the wedge-shaped lower concave grooves 402 of adjacent blocks 400 are fitted to each other, and the wedge-shaped side protrusions 403 and the wedge-shaped side concave grooves 404 of adjacent blocks 400 are fitted to each other. The blocks 400 are laid in a zigzag manner so that longitudinal side corners of the laid blocks 400 are positioned on a central portion of the upper surface or the lower surface of the block 400 stacked vertically adjacent thereto. To allow the vertical frames 300 and the blocks 400 to be completely coupled without a gap therebetween when the blocks 400 are disposed in a zigzag manner, blocks 400, of which ever other one has a short length, are applied as the blocks 400 coupled to the vertical frames 300.
Here, even when vertical and horizontal vibrations occur, the frames fixed and mounted on the beam, slab, and pillars by the fastening materials serve as a frame structure and prevent collapse of a wall constructed by laying the blocks. Particularly, the wedge-shaped upper protrusion 401, the wedge-shaped lower concave groove 402, the wedge-shaped side protrusion 403, and the wedge-shaped side concave groove 404 of the block 400 which are formed in four directions, i.e., the upper, lower, left, and right directions, cause adjacent blocks 400 to be coupled in the four directions and are fitted to wedge-shaped concave grooves or wedge-shaped protrusions formed in frames to allow the frames and the blocks 400 to move integrally with pillars or slabs of a reinforced concrete structure. In this way, detachment of the blocks 400 due to vibration and impact is prevented, thereby improving seismic performance.
Also, even when coupling surfaces of the blocks 400 and the intermediate blocks 500 are not adhered with an adhesive such as mortar, firm coupling is possible between the frames, the blocks 400, and the intermediate blocks 500 by coupling between the wedge-shaped protrusions and wedge-shaped concave grooves formed in the frames, blocks 400, and the intermediate blocks 500. In this way, watertightness, sound insulation, and windproofness may be improved as compared with a wall constructed using a conventional bricklaying construction method.
Also, coupling between wedge-shaped concave grooves or wedge-shaped protrusions formed in the frames and the blocks 400 allows the blocks 400 to stand on their own, thereby further facilitating the bricklaying construction. Small clearances are formed in coupling surfaces of wedge-shaped concave grooves and wedge-shaped protrusions formed on four sides, i.e., upper, lower, left, and right sides, of the blocks 400 so that, even when vibration occurs due to external impact, an earthquake, or the like, the blocks 400 slightly move and impact on the blocks 400 is mitigated. Even when misalignment occurs between the blocks 400 or between the blocks 400 and frames due to strong external impact, inclined surfaces with which the wedge-shaped concave grooves and wedge-shaped protrusions come in contact allow the weights of the blocks 400 to act as a restoring force that makes central points of adjacent blocks 400 match or central points of the blocks 400 and frames match, thereby allowing the blocks 400 to be restored to their original positions and further improving the seismic performance.
The intermediate blocks 500 are fitted between the stacked blocks 400. To change a direction in which the blocks 400 are laid, so that the wedge-shaped side concave groove 404 of the block 400 may be coupled to the wedge-shaped protrusion 301 of the vertical frames 300 at both sides, the intermediate block 500 has an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusion 501 formed throughout an upper surface, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave groove 502 formed throughout a lower surface, and an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave groove 503 formed throughout both side surfaces.
Here, the intermediate blocks 500 allow the wedge-shaped side concave groove 404 of the block 400 to head toward the vertical frames 300 at both sides, thereby allowing the wedge-shaped protrusion 301 to be formed at side surfaces of the vertical frames 300 at both sides. Because a thickness of the vertical frame 300 is increased as compared with when forming a wedge-shaped concave groove in the vertical frame 300, it is possible to increase strength of the vertical frame 300 that also serves as a frame structure of the wall structure according to the present invention.
Also, preferably, the shapes of the wedge-shaped concave grooves and wedge-shaped protrusions, which are formed in the frames, the blocks 400, and the intermediate blocks 500, form an isosceles triangular shape with an obtuse angle. When the isosceles triangular shape with an obtuse angle is applied, the phenomenon in which stress is concentrated on the corners is minimized, and it is possible to prevent the wedge-shaped concave grooves and the wedge-shaped protrusions of the frames, the blocks 400, and the intermediate blocks 500 from breaking when external impact is applied.
When the step of laying the blocks and the intermediate blocks (S40) is completed, the step of fastening the finish frame (S50) is performed in which a finish frame 700, which is formed of two frame bodies 701 having a rhombic cross-section and symmetrical to each other, is mounted in a space between the uppermost end portion of the laid blocks 400 and the upper frame 100. The step of fastening the finish frame (S50) is completed by fitting the two frame bodies 701 from the inner side and outer side into the space between the blocks 400 at the uppermost end portion and the upper frame 100 so that an upper surface of the frame body 701 is engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped concave groove 101 of the upper frame 100 and a lower surface of the frame body 701 is engaged to come in close contact with the wedge-shaped upper protrusion 401 of the block 400 laid on the uppermost end portion, and then making a frame body fastener 702 pass through and fasten side surface parts of the two frame bodies 701, thereby fixing the frame bodies 701.
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the eleventh embodiment. As illustrated in
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the twelfth embodiment. As illustrated in
Here, by both side ends of the horizontal reinforcing frames 600 being fixed to side surfaces of the vertical frames 300 and the vertical intermediate frames 310 by a fastening material, a wall surface is divided into sections by the vertical intermediate frames 310 and the horizontal reinforcing frames 600. In this way, when the blocks 400 are broken due to external impact, an earthquake, and the like, it is possible to replace only the corresponding broken section, thereby securing the efficiency of maintenance. By causing the blocks 400 to be fixed by the same vertical intermediate frame 310 in adjacent sections so that the blocks 400 are firmly coupled, it is possible to prevent detachment of the blocks 400 due to vibration and impact and improve seismic performance.
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the eleventh to thirteenth embodiments and is a construction method applied to walls for which sound insulation, windproofness, and waterproofness are important. As illustrated in
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the eleventh to thirteenth embodiments. As illustrated in
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the fifteenth embodiment. As illustrated in
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the sixteenth embodiment. As illustrated in
Also, in the step of laying the double blocks and the double intermediate blocks on the W-shaped frames at the outer side or inner side (S42), by the wedge-shaped upper protrusion 411 and the wedge-shaped lower concave groove 412 of adjacent double blocks 410 being fitted to each other, and the wedge-shaped side protrusion 413 and the wedge-shaped side concave groove 414 of adjacent double blocks 410 being fitted to each other, the double blocks 410 are laid in a zigzag manner so that longitudinal side corners of the double blocks 410 are positioned on a central portion of the upper surface or the lower surface of the double block 410 stacked vertically adjacent thereto.
Here, to allow the vertical frames 300 and the double blocks 410 to be completely coupled without a gap therebetween even when the double blocks 410 are disposed in a zigzag manner, double blocks 410, of which ever other one has a short length, are applied as the double blocks 410 coupled to the vertical frames 300.
Also, the double intermediate block 510 has isosceles triangular wedge-shaped upper protrusions 501 disposed in two columns throughout an upper surface so as to form a W-shaped upper protrusion 511, isosceles triangular wedge-shaped lower concave grooves 502 disposed in two columns throughout a lower surface so as to form a W-shaped lower concave groove 512, and isosceles triangular wedge-shaped side concave grooves 503 disposed in two columns throughout both side surfaces so as to form a W-shaped side concave groove 513. By fitting the double intermediate block 510 between the double blocks 410, the direction in which the double blocks 410 are laid is changed so that the W-shaped side concave groove 414 of the double block 410 may be coupled to the W-shaped protrusion 301 of the vertical frame 300.
Here, when the double blocks 410 and the double intermediate blocks 510 are laid on the W-shaped frames having the double joining surfaces in the step of laying the double blocks and the double intermediate blocks on the W-shaped frames at the outer side or inner side (S42), the number of blocks being laid is reduced such that the process time is shortened, and firmer coupling is possible between the blocks or between the blocks and frames as compared with when a single-type wedge-shaped protrusion and a single-type wedge-shaped concave groove are coupled. In this way, it is possible to more effectively prevent the detachment of the blocks due to vibration and impact.
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the twelfth or thirteenth embodiment. As illustrated in
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the fifteenth embodiment. As illustrated in
A method of constructing a wall using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the construction method according to the eleventh to thirteenth embodiments. As illustrated in
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains should understand that the present invention may be performed in other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features of the present invention.
Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood as being illustrative in all aspects, instead of limiting. The scope of the present invention, which has been described in the detailed description above, is shown in the claims below. All changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be interpreted as falling within the scope of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2017-0184760 | Dec 2017 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2018/014665 | 11/27/2018 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/132264 | 7/4/2019 | WO | A |
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