FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The disclosure relates generally to the field of agriculture; cultivation of vegetables, flowers, rice, fruit, vines, hops, or seaweed; forestry; and watering thereof. More specifically, this disclosure relates to devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like. Moreover, the disclosure also relates generally to the field of efficient electrical power generation; moreover, it relates to constructional details of greenhouses; and it is related to electric or magnetic, or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Compared to outdoor farming, indoor farming provides greater control of plants’ habitat environment such as lighting, temperature, and humidity. It reduces the dependence of agriculture activities on weather and location, enables year-round cultivation, and reduces transportation costs.
However, with the development of technologies involving precision agriculture, more energies are used to power computer systems, robotic systems, artificial lighting devices, and HVAC systems. A large percentage of operating costs are energy-intensive and inefficient. Efficient usage of solar energy helps reduce operating costs and improve overall efficiency.
At the same time, with the increased usage of indoor farming, the usage of water also increases. Effective use of water is essential to make indoor farming a sustainable practice.
This invention provides energy & water efficient solutions for controlled habitats
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A computer-controlled greenhouse system constructed in accordance with the invention above provides climate management and precision cultivation capability. It is equipped with solar energy filtering devices to precisely manage visible sunlight intake based on plants stages and adjust solar heat intake according to climate management needs; it uses geothermal energy for heating and cooling; it reclaims water from moisture released by plants with vapor condensing devices.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
The subject matter disclosed is illustrated through embodiments in the drawings:
FIG. 1A is a top plan view of an embodiment of energy & water efficient greenhouse;
FIGS. 1B-1E are the side elevation views of an embodiment of an energy & water efficient greenhouse:
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an embodiment of an energy and water efficient greenhouse;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of a light-filtering assembly of embodiments that separates, captures, and provides passages for solar energy based on wavelength; and
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a light-filtering assembly with fiber optical wires in providing lighting for a multi-layer grow setup.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One embodiment of the invention illustrated is a computer-controlled greenhouse system designed to lower energy and water consumption.
The main body 1 (FIG. 1D) and the members of the greenhouse below body 1, including tunnels 8 (FIG. 1D), water reservoir 10 (FIG. 1D), potion of plumbing system 12 (FIG. 1D) are constructed in-ground to reduce exposure to the surface environment. While roof 2 (FIG. 1D) is positioned above ground to receive sunlight.FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a light-filtering assembly with fiber optical wires in providing lighting for a multi-layer grow setup.
The roof 2 (FIG. 2) of the greenhouse comprises a plurality of optical solar cell panels 3 (FIG. 2) that uses a prism mechanism to allow passage of light of selected wavelengths suitable for plants’ photosynthesis process and also capture the remaining solar energy to generate electricity. The optical solar cell panels 3 (FIG. 2) comprise at least one light-filtering assembly in FIG. 3. The mechanism of the light-filtering assembly is explained in detail later in this description.
The electricity generated by the solar cell panels is stored in battery 4 (FIG. 2) located in the greenhouse. The battery 4 (FIG. 2) is an optional power source for a computing system 5 (FIG. 2) comprising a computing processor and a memory. The battery 4 (FIG. 2) and is also an optional power source for other usages, such as illumination
Plants are grown on aeroponics planters 6 (FIG. 2), each of which is a form of soilless grow device within which plant roots are suspended in midair. In each of the aeroponic planters 6 (FIG. 2), the nutrient liquid is sprayed in a form of fine mists and delivered to the suspended plant roots. The aeroponics planters are placed on the floor of said greenhouse.
An air conditioning means uses geothermal heating and cooling by funneling air through an air intaking device 7 (FIG. 2) into underground tunnels 8 (FIG. 2) located under the greenhouse’s floor 13 (FIG. 2), where the air temperature is stabilized through heat exchange with ground material outside the tunnels 8. The moisture released into the air by the plants during growth is captured by a water reclaiming means comprising a water reservoir 10 (FIG. 2) and a dehumidifying means comprising moisture condensing unit 9 (FIG. 2) and underground tunnels 8 (FIG. 2). The water is recycled as freshwater supply stored in said water reservoir 10 (FIG. 2), ready to be used and applied to the vegetation via plumbing system 12 (FIG. 2).
Then the air is released through an air venting device 11 (FIG. 2) back into the greenhouse to condition the air temperature of the greenhouse to a predetermined level.
In summary, the greenhouse system utilizes solar energy for photosynthesis and electricity generation. The reduction of surface exposure and the reduction of solar energy passing into the greenhouse help mitigate heat accumulation inside of the greenhouse. The passive geothermal heating and cooling method further reduces the energy consumption used to condition the air. Aeroponics planters use less water. In addition, the water vapor released by plants into the air during the growth is reclaimed and reused within the greenhouse, further minimizing the water consumption.
In addition, the greenhouse uses a computing system 5 (FIG. 2) to coordinate the sunlight intake, electricity generation, air conditioning schedule, and aeroponics nutrient and water delivery. The greenhouse equipment such as optical solar cell panels 3 (FIG. 2), air intaking device 7 (FIG. 2), the air venting device 11 (FIG. 2), the aeroponics planters 6 (FIG. 2), the moisture condensing unit 9 (FIG. 2), and the water reservoir 10 (FIG. 2) each includes computer interfaces for operatively communicating with computing system 5 (FIG. 2) for management purposes. One or more camera and environment telemetry sensing devices 13 (FIG. 2) are installed on the roof to monitor the environment and the plants growing inside of the greenhouse. The imaging and telemetrical data such as temperature, humidity, illumination is analyzed by the computing system 5 (FIG. 2) to provide reporting analysis, health state tracking, and event alerting functions for feedback control of temperature, watering, and the like.
The air intaking device 7 (FIG. 2) further attaches to an air pump, as an air pressurizing device, which increases the air pressure inside of the underground tunnel 8 (FIG. 2). Air compression operation heats up the air temperature inside tunnels 8 and produces an elevated temperature difference between two sides of the tunnel walls and speeds up the heat exchange between the air inside tunnels 8 and ground material outside of tunnels 8. The increased air pressure also helps to condense the air moisture.
The air venting device 11 (FIG. 2) attaches to a temperature sensor that assists the air temperature regulation and an air decompression device that reduces air pressure before release air back to the greenhouse. The decompressing process provides the further cooling capability to the air. The managed decompressing process with sensor feedbacks allows more accurate air conditioning control.
An embodiment of the mechanism of separating, capturing, and passing through solar energy is demonstrated by a light-filtering assembly in FIG. 3 where
- Sunlight 31 (FIG. 3) reaches a light-concentrating device 32 (FIG. 3) where the light beam is concentrated into a smaller but brighter concentrated light beam 33 (FIG. 3);
- The concentrated light beam 33 (FIG. 3) passes through a prism 34 (FIG. 3) and is split into a light spectrum 35 (FIG. 3) in respect to corresponding wavelengths;
- The light spectrum travels further and reaches solar energy capturing device 36 (FIG. 3) in a form similar to a window with multi-layer blinders inside, where arrays of solar cells 37 (side view in FIG. 3) assembled as blinder plates are positioned to block, capture, and convert light energy of certain wavelengths. The remaining light in the light spectrum travels through said solar energy capturing device 36 (FIG. 3).
As a result, the sunlight is separated based on the wavelength, with a portion of the light being captured and the remaining portion of the light passing through.
Adjusting the positions of blinder plants of solar cells 37 (FIG. 3) will result in changes in the ratio between the solar energy being captured and the solar energy passing through.
In addition, computing processors and programs are added to automatically adjust for the optimal position of the light-filtering assembly and its components to allow the passage of an optimal amount of light and to maximize the energy conversion efficiency.
A practical embodiment is a greenhouse enclosure panel with a plurality of the above light-filtering assemblies embedded within. The positions of the light-filtering assemblies as well as the positions of internal components of the light-filtering assemblies are mechanically adjustable to control the ranges of the wavelength of the solar light passing through. Therefore, the greenhouse enclosure panel can provide controlled lighting for plants according to growth stages, sunlight positions, the timing of the photosynthesis cycle, and the energy needed to be captured.
A computing processor and a memory containing programs are used to perform the above adjustments automatically to increase the responsiveness and operation efficiency. Fiber optics wire cables are optionally attached to the light-filtering assemblies to guide the filtered lights in a managed way to the plants for precision lighting control purposes. It is especially useful for a multiple-layer vertical farming setup to ensure the lower-layer plants also receive adequate lighting. FIG. 4 illustrated a usage of a light-filtering assembly with fiber optical wires in providing lighting for a multi-layer grow setup. Fiber optical wires 43 (FIG. 4) are wrapped as a cable. An optical connector 42 (FIG. 4) is configured to connect a light-filtering assembly 41 (FIG. 4) as input and the first ends of fiber optical wires 43 (FIG. 4) as output to collect the filtered light waves coming out of the light-filtering assembly 41 (FIG. 4) and transmit the filtered light waves on to the connected first ends of a respective fiber optical wires 43 (FIG. 4). The light travels through fiber optical wires 43 (FIG. 4) to the second ends (the opposite end) of the respective fiber optic wires 43 (FIG. 4), which are attached to the respective lamps in respective rows, represented by lamp 44 and lamp 46 (FIG. 4). Each of the lamps optionally comprises at least one diffusing lens to disperse light onto plants growing on planters, represented by planter 45 and planter 47 (FIG. 4).
Patent Application
20230329157
