Water-cooled four-cycle engine

Abstract

In a water-cooled four-cycle engine, an engine core including a cylinder block, a cylinder head and a first crankcase half body is formed as a unitary part cast integrally; a water jacket including a cylinder jacket surrounding a cylinder bore and a head jacket surrounding a combustion chamber is formed in the engine core; and a timing-belt chamber being adjacent to the cylinder jacket is provided in a side portion of the engine core. A first opening portion for forming a first semi-peripheral portion of the cylinder jacket on a side opposite from the timing-belt chamber by casting out is provided in a side surface of the cylinder block. A second opening portion for forming a second semi-peripheral portion of the cylinder jacket and the head jacket by casting out is provided in an upper surface of the cylinder head.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention mainly relates to a general-purpose water-cooled four-cycle engine, and particularly relates to an improvement of a water-cooled four-cycle engine in which: an engine core including a cylinder block, a cylinder head and a first crankcase half body is formed as a unitary part cast integrally, the cylinder block including a cylinder bore, the cylinder head including a combustion chamber as well as an intake port and an exhaust port which are opened to the combustion chamber, the first crankcase half body including a half portion of a crank chamber; an engine main body includes the engine core, a second crankcase half body and a head cover, the second crankcase half body including a remaining half portion of the crank chamber and connected to the first crankcase half body, the head cover connected to the cylinder head and defining a valve-operation chamber between the head cover and the cylinder head; a crankshaft housed in the crank chamber is supported by the first and second crankcase half bodies; a camshaft housed in the valve-operation chamber is supported by the cylinder head; a water jacket including a cylinder jacket and a head jacket is formed in the engine core, the cylinder jacket surrounding the cylinder bore, and the head jacket communicating with the cylinder jacket and surrounding the combustion chamber; and a timing-belt chamber is provided in a side portion of the engine core, the timing-belt chamber being adjacent to the cylinder jacket across a partition wall integrated with the engine core, and the timing-belt chamber housing a timing belt which connects between the crankshaft and the camshaft.

2. Description of the Related Art

Such a water-cooled four-cycle engine is already known, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 5-26099.

The water-cooled four-cycle engine disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 5-26099 needs as many as three opening portions to form the water jacket by casting out, because: paired opening portions are provided in the respective two side surfaces of the cylinder block in order to form the cylinder jacket around the cylinder by casting out; and the other opening portion is provided in the upper surface of the cylinder head in order to form the head jacket around the combustion chamber by casting out. This makes the structure of the casing dies complicated, and entails higher costs. In addition, the engine needs three lid plates to water-tightly close these opening portions as well. This makes the number of components and the number of assembling steps large. This brings about a disadvantage that not only causes high costs but also makes it difficult to make the engine compact.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made with this background taken into consideration. An object of the present invention is to provide a water-cooled four-cycle engine which makes two opening portions sufficient to form a water jacket by casting out; accordingly makes two lid plates sufficient to close the two opening portions water-tightly; makes the casting easy; reduces components and assembling steps in number; and can contribute to cost reduction.

In order to achieve the object, according to a first feature of the present invention, there is provided a water-cooled four-cycle engine in which: an engine core including a cylinder block, a cylinder head and a first crankcase half body is formed as a unitary part cast integrally, the cylinder block including a cylinder bore, the cylinder head including a combustion chamber as well as an intake port and an exhaust port which are opened to the combustion chamber, the first crankcase half body including a half portion of a crank chamber; an engine main body includes the engine core, a second crankcase half body and a head cover, the second crankcase half body including a remaining half portion of the crank chamber and connected to the first crankcase half body, the head cover connected to the cylinder head and defining a valve-operation chamber between the head cover and the cylinder head; a crankshaft housed in the crank chamber is supported by the first and second crankcase half bodies; a camshaft housed in the valve-operation chamber is supported by the cylinder head; a water jacket including a cylinder jacket and a head jacket is formed in the engine core, the cylinder jacket surrounding the cylinder bore, and the head jacket communicating with the cylinder jacket and surrounding the combustion chamber; and a timing-belt chamber is provided in a side portion of the engine core, the timing-belt chamber being adjacent to the cylinder jacket across a partition wall integrated with the engine core, and the timing-belt chamber housing a timing belt which connects between the crankshaft and the camshaft, wherein a first opening portion is provided in a side surface of the cylinder block, the first opening portion used to form a first semi-peripheral portion of the cylinder jacket on a side opposite from the timing-belt chamber by casting out, a second opening portion is provided in an upper surface of the cylinder head, the second opening portion used to form a second semi-peripheral portion of the cylinder jacket and the head jacket communicating with the cylinder jacket by casting out, and first and second lid plates for water-tightly closing the first and second opening portions are connected to the cylinder block and the cylinder head, respectively.

According to the first feature of the present invention, the cylinder jacket and the head jacket can be easily formed by casing out in the two directions orthogonal to each other, although the timing-belt chamber exists. This not only makes it easy to cast the engine core which includes the cylinder jacket and the head jacket. This makes two lid plates, namely, the first and second lid plates sufficient to close the first and second opening portions water-tightly, and reduces components and assembling steps in number, as well as can contribute to cost reduction.

According to a second feature of the present invention, in addition to the first feature, connection surfaces, respectively, of the engine core and the first lid plate for water-tightly closing the first opening portion are placed on a plane which is parallel with an axis of the cylinder bore, and which is on or near an outer side surface of a peripheral wall of the cylinder bore, and a swollen portion is formed in the first lid plate, the swollen portion swollen out in a direction away from the outer side surface of the peripheral wall.

According to the second feature of the present invention, the engine core can be made compact by making the connection surface of the first lid plate, on which the first lid plate is connected to the cylinder block, closer to the cylinder bore as much as possible, and the necessary volume can be secured for the cylinder jacket by the swollen portion of the first lid portion.

According to a third feature of the present invention, in addition to the first feature, the cylinder jacket is formed in a way that a thickness of a lower portion of the cylinder jacket diminishes toward the first crankcase half body.

According to the third feature of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the lower portion around the cylinder bore from being cooled excessively by cooling water, and thus to enhance the combustion efficiency of the engine.

The above description, other objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be clear from detailed descriptions which will be provided for the preferred embodiments referring to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional elevation view of a water-cooled four-cycle engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along a line 2-2 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along a line 3-3 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along a line 4-4 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along a line 5-5 in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an engine core showing a method for forming a water jacket and a timing-belt chamber;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the engine core showing the method forming the same; and

FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 and showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the attached drawings.

First of all, descriptions begin with a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIGS. 1 to 4, an engine main body 1 of a water-cooled four-cycle engine E includes an engine core 2. This engine core 2 constitutes a unitary part obtained by integrally molding a cylinder block 3, a cylinder head 4 and a first crankcase half body 8a by die-casting. The cylinder block 3 includes a cylinder bore 3a. The cylinder head 4 includes: a combustion chamber 4a communicating with the cylinder bore 3a; and an intake port 5 and an exhaust port 6 which are opened to the combustion chamber 4a. The first crankcase half body 8a includes one half of a crank chamber 7. The engine main body 1 is formed of the engine core 2, a second crankcase half body 8b and a head cover 12. The second crankcase half body 8b includes the other half of the crank chamber 7, and is connected to the first crankcase half body 8a by use of multiple bolts 9. The head cover 12 is connected to the cylinder head 4 by use of multiple bolts 10. A valve-operation chamber 11 is defined between the head cover 12 and the cylinder head 4.

A timing-belt chamber 13 which communicates with the crank chamber 7 and the valve-operation chamber 11 is formed in one side portion of the engine core 2.

When connected together, the first and second crankcase half bodies 8a, 8b constitute the crankcase. Connection surfaces 14 (see FIG. 2) of the respective first and second crankcase half bodies 8a, 8b are formed inclined obliquely to an axis Y of the cylinder bore 3a. A crankshaft 15 housed in the crank chamber 7 is pivotally supported by the first and second crankcase half bodies 8a, 8b with ball bearings 16, 16 interposed in between. The crankshaft 15 is connected to a piston 17 with a connecting rod 18 interposed in between. The piston 17 is slidably fitted in the cylinder bore 3a. A toothed driving pulley 19 facing the timing-belt chamber 13 is fixedly provided to the crankshaft 15.

In addition, paired primary balancers 23, 23 placed on two sides of the crankshaft 15, respectively are housed in the crank chamber 7. A driving gear 22 on the crankshaft 15 drives the primary balancers 23, 23 in their respective directions, which are opposite to each other, at the same rotational speed as the crankshaft 15 rotates. This prevents the primary inertial vibration of the engine E.

An intake valve 24 for opening and closing the intake port 5 and an exhaust valve 25 for opening and closing the exhaust port 6 are provided in the cylinder head 4. A valve operating mechanism 26 for opening and closing the intake valve 24 and the exhaust valve 25 is housed in the valve-operation chamber 11.

The valve operating mechanism 26 includes: a camshaft 27; intake and exhaust rocker shafts 28a, 28b; intake and exhaust rocker arms 29a, 29b; and valve springs 30a, 30b. The camshaft 27 includes intake and exhaust cams 27a, 27b, as well as is rotatably supported by the cylinder head 4 in parallel with the crankshaft 15. The intake and exhaust rocker shafts 28a, 28b are supported by the head cover 12 in parallel with this camshaft 27. The intake rocker arm 29a is swingably supported by the intake rocker shaft 28a, as well as connects the intake cam 27a and the intake valve 24 together. The exhaust rocker arm 29b is swingably supported by the exhaust rocker shaft 28b, as well as connects the exhaust cam 27b and the exhaust valve 25 together. The valve springs 30a, 30b bias the intake and exhaust valves 24, 25 in their closing directions, respectively.

The camshaft 27 is supported by paired bearing portions 31, 32 which are respectively provided to a second lid plate 47 and the cylinder head 4 across the timing-belt chamber 13, although the second lid plate 47 will be described later. A toothed follower pulley 20 which is arranged between these bearing portions 31, 32 and which faces the timing-belt chamber 13 is fixedly provided to the camshaft 27. A toothed timing belt 21 wound around this follower pulley 20 and the driving pulley 19 is placed in the timing-belt chamber 13. The number of teeth provided to the follower pulley 20 is twice as many as the number of teeth provided to the driving pulley 19. Thus, the rotation of the driving pulley 19 is transmitted to the camshaft 27 in a way that the rotational speed of the follower pulley 20 is equal to half the rotational speed of the driving pulley 19.

As shown in FIG. 2, a flywheel 34 including a magneto coil 33 is fixedly provided to an end portion of the crankshaft 15, while an output shaft 35 for driving various working units (not illustrated) is connected to the other end portion of the crankshaft 15.

In addition, an ignition plug 36 is screwed to the cylinder head 4 on a side opposite to the timing-belt chamber 13 across the axis Y of the cylinder bore 3a. The ignition plug 36 faces its electrode to the combustion chamber 4a.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, a water jacket 40 is formed in the engine core 2. This water jacket 40 includes: a cylinder jacket 40a surrounding the cylinder bore 3a; and a head jacket 40b communicating with the cylinder jacket 40a, and surrounding the combustion chamber 4a, the intake port 5 and the exhaust port 6. A first opening portion 41 which is used to form a first semi-peripheral portion 40a1 of the cylinder jacket 40a by casting out is provided to one side surface of the cylinder block 3. The first semi-peripheral portion 40a1 is situated on the opposite side from the timing-belt chamber 13. In addition, a second opening portion 42 and a third opening portion 43 are provided in the upper surface of the cylinder head 4. The second opening portion 42 is used to form a second semi-peripheral portion 40a2 of the cylinder jacket 40a and the head jacket 40b communicating with the cylinder jacket 40a by casting out. The third opening portion 43 is used to form the timing-belt chamber 13 by casting out.

The second semi-peripheral portion 40a2 of the cylinder jacket 40a is adjacent to the timing-belt chamber 13 across a partition wall 44 integrated with the cylinder block 3. A semi-peripheral portion of an outer peripheral surface of the cylinder block 3, which is closer to the timing-belt chamber 13, is formed of a semicylinder-shape. Spaces 45, 45 entering the respective two side portions of the partition wall 44 are provided between the cylinder block 3 and the timing-belt chamber 13. By this, heat radiating surfaces in the peripheral walls of the cylinder block 3 and the timing-belt chamber 13 are expanded by the spaces 45, 45 which enter the respective two side portions of the partition wall 44. This expansion can facilitate the cooling of the cylinder block 3 and the timing-belt chamber 13, and helps to reduce the weight of the engine core 2.

The first opening portion 41 is water-tightly closed by a first lid plate 46 which is connected to the side surface of the cylinder block 3 by use of multiple bolts 48. The second opening portion 42 is water-tightly closed by the second lid plate 47 which is connected to the upper surface of the cylinder head 4 by use of multiple bolts 49.

Connection surfaces 50, respectively, of the first lid plate 46 and the cylinder block 3 are placed on a plane 51 which is parallel with the axis Y of the cylinder bore 3a, and which is on or near an outer side surface of a peripheral wall of the cylinder bore 3a. A swollen portion 46a swollen out in a direction away from the outer side surface of the peripheral wall is formed in the first lid plate 46.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show multiple cores which are used to die-cast the engine core 2, particularly, to form the water jacket 40 and the timing-belt chamber 13. A first core 52a used to form the first semi-peripheral portion 40a1 of the cylinder jacket 40 is provided to a first die 52 which is configured to advance or retreat in an opening direction of the first opening portion 41, in other words, in a radial direction of the cylinder bore 3a. Second and third cores 53a, 53b used to form the head jacket 40b and cylinder jacket 40a, respectively, are provided to a second die 53 which is configured to advance and retreat in opening directions of the respective second and third opening portions 42, 43, in other words, in a direction of the axis Y of the cylinder bore 3a. Dies used to form the other components of the engine core 2 are omitted from the illustrations.

For this reason, when a liquefied material is injected and filled into the cavities in the dies which are clamped together with the first to third cores 52a, 53a, 53b set up in their respective advancement positions, the engine core 2 including the water jacket 40 and the timing-belt chamber 13 can be cast. After this casting, the first to third cores 52a, 53a, 53b are retreated out of the first to third opening portions 41 to 43, respectively. In this manner, the cylinder jacket 40a, the head jacket 40b and the timing-belt chamber 13 can be easily formed by use of the first to third cores 52a, 53a, 53b which are configured to advance and retreat in the directions orthogonal to each other.

During this casting, the cylinder jacket 40a is formed in a way that the thickness S (see FIG. 3) of the lower portion of the cylinder jacket 40a diminishes toward the first crankcase half body 8a.

In FIG. 2, the cylinder head 4 is provided with an inlet pipe 54 which is opened toward an upper portion of the head jacket 40b. In addition, the first lid plate 46 is provided with an outlet pipe 55 which is opened toward a lower portion of the cylinder jacket 40a. Cooling water cooled by a radiator (not illustrated) is supplied to the upper portion of the head jacket 40b through the inlet pipe 54, and cools the peripheries of the intake and exhaust ports 5, 6 while flowing in the head jacket 40b from the upper portion to the lower portion. Subsequently, the cooling water flows into the cylinder jacket 40a, and cools the periphery of the cylinder bore 3a while flowing from the upper to lower portions of the cylinder jacket 40a. Thereafter, the cooling water flows out through the outlet pipe 55, and returns to the radiator.

Next, descriptions will be provided for operations of the first embodiment.

While the engine E is in operation, as described above, the cooling water flows sequentially in the head jacket 40b around the intake and exhaust ports 5, 6, as well as the cylinder jacket 40a around the cylinder bore 3a. Thereby, the engine core 2 can be efficiently cooled from a high-temperature portion near the combustion chamber 4a through a low-temperature portion in the lower portion of the cylinder bore 3a. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent a lower portion around the cylinder bore 3a from being cooled excessively by the cooling water, and thus to enhance the combustion efficiency of the engine E, because the cylinder jacket 40a around the cylinder bore 3a is formed in a way that the thickness S of the lower portion of the cylinder jacket 40a diminishes toward the first crankcase half body 8a.

Moreover, the first opening portion 41 used to form the first semi-peripheral portion 40a1 of the cylinder jacket 40a on the opposite side from the timing-belt chamber 13 by casting out is provided in the one side surface of the cylinder block 3. In addition, the second opening portion 42, which is used to form the second semi-peripheral portion 40a2 of the cylinder jacket 40a and the head jacket 40b communicating with the cylinder jacket 40a by casting out, and the third opening portion 43, which is used to form the timing-belt chamber 13 by casting out, are provided in the upper surface of the cylinder head 4. For this reason, the cylinder jacket 40a, the head jacket 40b and the timing-belt chamber 13 can be formed by casting out in the only two directions orthogonal to each other. This not only makes it easy to cast the engine core 2 including the cylinder jacket 40a, the head jacket 40b and the timing-belt chamber 13, but also makes two lid plates, namely, the first and second lid plates 46, 47 sufficient to close the first and second opening portions 41, 42 water-tightly. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce components and assembling steps in number. This can contribute to cost reduction.

Furthermore, the connection surfaces 50, respectively, of the first lid plate 46 and the cylinder block 3 are placed on the plane 51 which is parallel with the axis Y of the cylinder bore 3a, and which is on or near the outer side surface of the peripheral wall of the cylinder bore 3a. Additionally, the swollen portion 46a swollen out in the direction away from the outer side surface of the peripheral wall is formed in the first lid plate 46. For this reason, it is possible to make the engine core 2 compact by making the connection surfaces 50, respectively, of the first lid plate 46 and the cylinder block 3 closer to the cylinder bore 3a as much as possible, and to secure the necessary volume of the cylinder jacket 40a by use of the swollen portion 46a of the first lid plate 46.

Next, descriptions will be provided for a second embodiment of the present invention, which is shown in FIG. 8.

In the second embodiment, a belt case defining the timing-belt chamber 13 is configured to be dividable into: a first belt case half body 56a formed integrally with the engine core 2; and a second belt case half body 56b connected to the first belt case half body 56a by use of multiple bolts 57. This first belt case half body 56a includes the partition wall 44 of the first embodiment. The rest of the configuration of the second embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment. For this reason, in FIG. 8, the components corresponding to those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference signs, and duplicate descriptions will be omitted.

According to the second embodiment, the partitioning configuration of the belt case half bodies 56a, 56b makes it possible to easily attach the timing belt 21 by winding the timing belt 21 around the driving and follower pulleys 19, 20.

The present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. Various design changes can be made for the present invention within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, the crankshaft 15 may be held between the two crankcase half bodies 8a, 8b by placing the connection surfaces of the respective first and second crankcase half bodies 8a, 8b on a plane including the axis of the crankshaft 15.

Claims

1. A water-cooled four-cycle engine, comprising: an engine core including a cylinder block, a cylinder head and a first crankcase half body formed as a unitary part cast integrally, the cylinder block including a cylinder bore, the cylinder head including a combustion chamber, an intake port and an exhaust port, the intake port and the exhaust port being opened to the combustion chamber, the first crankcase half body forming a first half portion of a crank chamber;a second crankcase half body forming a second half portion of the crank chamber and connected to the first crankcase half body;a head cover connected to the cylinder head and defining a valve-operation chamber between the head cover and the cylinder head;a crankshaft housed in the crank chamber and supported by the first and second crankcase half bodies; anda camshaft housed in the valve-operation chamber and supported by the cylinder head;wherein a water jacket including a cylinder jacket and a head jacket is formed in the engine core, the cylinder jacket surrounding the cylinder bore, the head jacket communicating with the cylinder jacket and surrounding the combustion chamber;wherein a timing-belt chamber is provided in a side portion of the engine core, the timing-belt chamber being adjacent to the cylinder jacket across a partition wall integrated with the engine core, and the timing-belt chamber housing a timing belt which connects between the crankshaft and the camshaft,wherein a first opening portion is provided in a side surface of the cylinder block, the first opening portion forming a first semi-peripheral portion of the cylinder jacket on a side opposite from the timing-belt chamber,wherein a second opening portion is provided in an upper surface of the cylinder head, the second opening portion forming a second semi-peripheral portion of the cylinder jacket and the head jacket,wherein first and second lid plates for water-tightly closing the first and second opening portions are removably connected to the cylinder block and the cylinder head, respectively, the first and second plates being non-unitary with the cylinder block and cylinder head, respectively,wherein the second lid plate is disposed between the head cover and the cylinder head, andwherein the second opening portion is extended over an area including an axis of the cylinder bore, above the combustion chamber, the axis of the cylinder bore passing through the center of the cylinder bore and being parallel to a cylinder wall,wherein the second opening portion is open in a direction upward of the cylinder head, and is closed by the second lid plate,wherein the first semi-peripheral portion and the second semi-peripheral portion of the cylinder jacket together to form an entire peripheral portion of the cylinder jacket, andwherein the second opening portion is disposed on a side of the cylinder bore where the timing-belt chamber is disposed, opposite a side of the cylinder bore where the first opening portion is disposed.

2. The water-cooled four-cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein connection surfaces, respectively, of the engine core and the first lid plate for water-tightly closing the first opening portion are placed on a plane which is parallel with an axis of the cylinder bore, and which is on or near an outer side surface of a peripheral wall of the cylinder bore, andwherein a swollen portion is formed in the first lid plate, the swollen portion being swollen out in a direction away from the outer side surface of the peripheral wall, relative to another portion of the first lid plate.

3. The water-cooled four-cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of a lower portion of the cylinder jacket diminishes toward the first crankcase half body.

4. The water-cooled four-cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein said second lid plate is disposed below said camshaft.

5. The water-cooled four-cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein said second lid plate is entirely enclosed by the cylinder head and the head cover.

6. The water-cooled four-cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein said first and second lid plates are removably connected to the cylinder block and cylinder head by one or more bolts.