The claimed invention relates to the fuel-power field and it may be used as a method for purifying gases, which are formed in internal combustion engines and boiler units when using diesel and other types of liquid carbon fuels, from harmful substances.
A method for purifying exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is known, the method includes preparing a catalysis, contacting a catalyst with the exhaust gases, characterized in that a dust that is formed during abrasive treatment of articles made of copper and/or copper alloys is used as the catalyst (patent of Ukraine No. 56431, publ. on 15 May 2003).
Also, these are known:
Main drawbacks of all of the above-mentioned methods (analogues) are the following:
The closest analogue that is chosen as a prototype is a method for preparing a fuel for an internal combustion engine, the method is based on mixing petrol or diesel fuel with water or alcohol, or with a mixture thereof, with an emulsifier and with a stabilizer. What is novel is that the water or the alcohol, or the mixture thereof, is supplemented by introducing a colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles agglomerates obtained by an erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules correspondingly in the water, in the alcohol or in the mixture thereof, wherein the nanoparticles are in the amorphous state, wherein the metal nanoparticles agglomerates are formed by nanoparticles of at least two dissimilar metals and form short-circuited nanogalvanic elements, and the metals are selected from the group that consists of silver, gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, molybdenum, cobalt, rhodium, vanadium, iron, manganese, chromium, zinc, tin, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, magnesium, gallium, stibium, selenium, terbium, praseodymium, samarium, gadolinium, cerium, lanthanum, yttrium, neodymium, and the components are taken in the following ratios, wt. %:
Drawbacks of the prototype are the following:
The claimed invention is aimed at reduction of harmful and greenhouse gases emission of internal combustion engines and boiler units having an opened plume, which are formed during combustion of the fuel without adding compounds, which are harmful for the engine or boiler unit and for the environment. In particular, to achieve effective reduction of emission of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, which are present in exhaust gases, without loss of the engine or boiler unit operation efficiency. Further problem of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of fuel combustion in internal combustion engines or boiler units having an opened plume for up to 100%.
The stated purpose is achieved by two variants, in particular, by treatment of the fuel (according to the first variant) and by treatment of the fuel-water emulsion (according to the second variant) resulting in changing their physical and chemical properties that leads to novel features of the fuel combustion process, resulting in solving the stated technical problem.
Variant 1. During activation of the fuel in the developed cavitation mode under the temperature of from 0° C. to 70° C. and pressure of from 1 to 3 atm without adding any impurities the physical and chemical properties of the fuel are changed due to breakage of inter- and intramolecular bonds that leads to:
(1) reduction of the volume of the fuel used by 1%-4% for carrying out a work that is equal to the work with the use of initial fuel, without loss of the operation efficiency of the engine or boiler unit, that reduces volumes of harmful gases emission;
(2) increase of fuel combustion efficiency for up to 100% that occurs due to reduction of high-molecular substances fraction in the activated fuel in favor of medium and low-molecular ones, as well as due to reduction of the energy of intermolecular bonds in the fuel and destruction of the intermolecular clusters;
(3) increase of efficiency of use of air oxygen that is necessary for the fuel combustion that leads to reduction of the volume of the air consumed being necessary for combustion of the volume of the activated fuel that is equal to the volume of the non-activated fuel, and to the corresponding reduction of the nitrogen volume that achieves the combustion chamber and forms nitrogen oxides;
(4) chemical modification of sulfur-containing molecules, which are comprised in the fuel, that facilitates formation of molecular sulfur during combustion of the fuel that is condensed after combustion of the activated fuel.
Variant 2. During treatment of the fuel in the developed cavitation mode with adding of aqueous suspension of iron-containing compounds a breakage of inter- and intramolecular bonds occurs that leads to change of physical and chemical properties of the fuel and formation of a stable fuel-water emulsion without use of stabilizers and/or emulsifiers. Use of the obtained fuel-water emulsion as the fuel leads to:
(1) reduction of the volume of the carbon fuel used by 4%-10% for carrying out a work that is equal to the work with the use of initial fuel, without loss of the operation efficiency of the engine or boiler unit, that reduces volumes of harmful gases emission;
(2) increase of fuel combustion efficiency for up to 100% that occurs due to reduction of high-molecular substances fraction in the activated fuel in favor of medium and low-molecular ones, as well as due to reduction of the energy of intermolecular bonds in the fuel and destruction of the intermolecular clusters;
(3) increase for up to 10% of the efficiency of air oxygen usage and additional usage of oxygen that is released during high-temperature decomposition of water molecules, which are comprised in the fuel-water emulsion, that leads to reduction of the volume of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust and flue gases that is necessary for the fuel combustion that leads to reduction of the volume of the air consumed being necessary for combustion of the volume of the activated fuel, and to the corresponding reduction of the nitrogen volume that achieves the combustion chamber and forms nitrogen oxides;
(4) substitution of a portion of the air oxygen with the oxygen that releases from the water molecules during high-temperature decomposition of the water molecules in the fuel combustion area that leads to reduction of the air volume and, thus, to the reduction of volumes of formation of the nitrogen oxides;
(5) chemical modification of sulfur-containing molecules, which are comprised in the fuel, that facilitates formation of molecular sulfur during combustion of the fuel that is condensed after combustion of the activated fuel;
(6) release of additional energy of the hydrogen oxidation that derives from water molecules during combustion of the fuel-water emulsion that leads to reduction of fuel consumption for performing similar work.
The fuel-water emulsion according to the second variant is a part of the present invention and represents a raw material for producing a ready (activated) water-fuel emulsion and it consists of a liquid fuel itself and a hydrogenous suspension that, in turn, consists of mineral compounds of iron with a concentration of from 0.0001% to 0.1%, wherein the suspension volume is 0.5-40% of the fuel volume. The suspension volume in the ready (activated) water-fuel emulsion is 0.5-10% of the fuel volume.
A process for preparing the activated water-fuel emulsion lies in the following: as a result of cavitation of the fuel in a cavitator with addition of from 0.5% to 40% of the aqueous solution of iron oxides with a concentration of from 0.0001% to 0.1% (the water-fuel emulsion) there is formed a stable 0.5-10% activated water-fuel emulsion that does not break down within at least five days from the time of preparation thereof Then, the activated water-fuel emulsion may be used as a fuel.
The technical effect of the claimed method lies in:
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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A 2018 02094 | Feb 2018 | UA | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/UA2019/000023 | 2/15/2019 | WO | 00 |