Patent Grant
8162705
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a water jet propulsion watercraft including a jet unit (jet propulsion device) having an engine (internal combustion engine) as a drive source.
2. Description of the Related Art
An example of a water jet propulsion watercraft is disclosed in US 2004/0194682 A1. This water jet propulsion watercraft includes a hull, a water jet pump, and an engine. The engine applies a driving force to the water jet pump. The water jet pump includes a propeller shaft rotated by the driving force of the engine, and an impeller coupled to the propeller shaft. By rotation of the propeller shaft, water is sucked in from a hull bottom and the water is jetted rearward by the impeller. A propulsive force is thereby applied to the hull.
The engine has a crankcase at a lower side. A crankshaft housed in the crankcase is extended to a rear of the crankcase. An extended axial member is coupled to a rear end of the crankshaft. The propeller shaft is coupled to the extended axial member via a coupling.
A housing is disposed at the rear of the crankcase. The crankshaft is coupled to the extended axial member inside the housing. A power generator, which is a heavy object, is disposed inside the housing. A center of gravity of the water jet propulsion watercraft can thereby be positioned at the rear.
To dispose the power generator at the rear of the crankcase, a space arranged to dispose the power generator between the crankcase and the coupling must be secured. The extended axial member is provided between the crankshaft and the coupling to secure this space.
More specifically, a rear end portion of the crankshaft has a tapered shape portion, and further to the rear thereof, a male screw is coaxial to a rotational center axis of the crankshaft. A female screw, engageable with the male screw, is formed at a front end portion of the extended axial member.
According to the water jet propulsion watercraft, the impeller receives a load from water in a direction opposite a rotational direction of the impeller (and the crankshaft) during propulsion on water. The screws are arranged so that when the load received by the impeller is applied via the extended axial member to the engagement portions of the crankshaft and the extended axial member, the engagement portions are tightened to each other by the load. The engagement portions of the crankshaft and the extended axial member are thereby prevented from loosening during propulsion on water. Also, by the fastening of the crankshaft and the extended axial member, vibration is prevented from occurring between the crankshaft and the extended axial member.
The inventors of the present invention described and claimed in the present application conducted an extensive study and research regarding a water jet propulsion watercraft, such as the one described above, and in doing so, discovered and first recognized new unique challenges and problems as described in greater detail below.
For maintenance after use, a user of the water jet propulsion watercraft races the engine on land. Water inside the hull can thereby be eliminated. Unlike on water, a load due to water is not applied to the impeller during the racing on land. Thus, when the user performs rapid closing of the accelerator from a state where it is open, the crankshaft decreases sharply in rotational speed. Consequently, a rotational direction force (load) is applied to the extended axial member due to a rotational inertial force of the impeller, the drive shaft, and the extended axial member. Thus, according to the arrangement of the conventional art described above, there is a possibility of loosening of the engagement portions of the extended shaft member and the crankshaft.
According to a conventional water jet propulsion watercraft of low maximum output, a load large enough to cause loosening of the engagement portions of the extended axial member and the crankshaft does not occur because the impeller, the drive shaft, and the extended axial member are small and the rotational inertial force of these members is small. The above problem of loosening was thus not clearly manifested. However, water jet propulsion watercrafts are recently becoming high in maximum output and the impeller, the drive shaft, and the extended axial member are becoming large. Consequently, the load that acts on the engagement portions of the extended axial member and the crankshaft during racing on land is becoming greater. As a result of extensive study of such increase of load, the present inventors found that there is a need to prevent the loosening of the engagement portions of the extended axial member and the crankshaft more reliably.
In order to overcome the previously unrecognized and unsolved problems described above, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a water jet propulsion watercraft that includes a main engine body, a rotor chamber provided at a rear portion of the main engine body, a crankshaft arranged such that a rear end portion of the crankshaft is disposed in the rotor shaft chamber, the rear end portion having a first connection portion, an output shaft including a second connection portion at a front end portion of the output shaft, the second connection portion arranged to be connected to the first connection portion of the crankshaft such that the output shaft rotates together with the crankshaft about a rotational center axis of the crankshaft, a rotor unit housed in the rotor chamber and fixed to the output shaft, a fastening member arranged to fasten the first connection portion and the second connection portion along a fastening axis that differs from the rotational center axis, a drive shaft connected to a rear end portion of the output shaft and arranged to be rotated together with the output shaft, and a jet propulsion unit, including an impeller coupled to the drive shaft and arranged to suck in and jet out water.
The fastening axis refers to a straight line arranged to extend along a fastening direction in which the fastening member fastens the first connection portion and the second connection portion. The fastening axis that differs from the rotational center axis refers inclusively to cases where the fastening axis and the rotational center axis are in a parallel, intersecting, or twisted relationship.
According to this water jet watercraft, when the engine is raced on land where a load due to water is not applied to the impeller, the crankshaft decreases sharply in rotational speed with rapid closing of an accelerator. Consequently, a rotational direction force (load) is applied to the drive shaft and the output shaft due to a rotational inertial force of the impeller and the drive shaft. The rotational direction load acts about the rotational center axis of the crankshaft. The fastening axis of the fastening member differs from the rotational center axis. Thus, even when the crankshaft receives a load in a first rotational direction or a load in a second rotational direction, the fastening member can receive a force due to relative rotation of the first connection portion and the second connection portion (for example, a shear force). According to such a fastening member, changing of a fastening force of the fastening member according to the rotational direction load can be prevented. Loosening of the output shaft with respect to the crankshaft can thereby be prevented. Moreover, the occurrence of vibration between the crankshaft and the output shaft can be prevented because the crankshaft and the output shaft are fastened by the fastening member.
Preferably, the fastening member has a shaft portion that receives the shear force due to the relative rotation of the first connection portion and the second connection portion. In this case, the axial portion receives the shear force by a reaction force due to contact with the first connection portion in the relative rotational direction of the first connection portion and the second connection portion and receives the shear force by a reaction force due to contact with the second connection portion. The axial portion can thus connect the first connection portion and the second connection portion by the reaction forces due to contact in the rotational direction in addition to frictional forces. The first connection portion and the second connection portion can thus be connected more firmly.
For example, the fastening member may be a screw member arranged to have a screw shaft centered at the fastening axis. In this case, the screw shaft of the screw member corresponds to the axial portion that receives the shear force. A center axis of the screw shaft is the fastening axis of the screw member. The fastening axis of the screw member that fastens the crankshaft and the output shaft differs from the rotational center axis. The rotational direction load can thus be prevented from acting as a force that makes the screw member rotate about its fastening axis. Rotation of the screw member in a loosening manner can thereby be prevented and loosening of the output shaft with respect to the crankshaft can thus be prevented.
Besides the above, a rivet, a coupling, a fastening pin or other fastening member having a fastening axis that differs from the rotational center axis of the crankshaft can be the fastening member. In a case where the fastening member is a rivet, the fastening axis is a center axis of an axial portion of the rivet.
The rotor chamber is disposed at the rear portion of the main engine body and the rotor unit is disposed inside the rotor chamber. A center of gravity of the water jet propulsion watercraft can thereby be disposed toward the rear. Consequently, an improvement can be made to motion performance (mainly, turning performance) of the water jet propulsion watercraft.
According to the present water jet propulsion watercraft, both connection of the crankshaft and the output shaft and connection of the crankshaft and the rotor unit can be achieved in a single step of connecting the output shaft, to which the rotor unit is fixed, to the crankshaft. For example, in an arrangement where the rotor unit is directly attached to the crankshaft, the two steps including a first step of attaching the rotor unit to the crankshaft and a second step of attaching the output shaft to the crankshaft are required and this is troublesome. Moreover, in a process of fixing the rotor unit to the crankshaft, the main engine body that houses a large portion of the crankshaft is an obstacle and the process is thus difficult to perform. In contrast, according to the arrangement of the present preferred embodiment, the work of fixing the rotor unit can be performed easily because the rotor unit can be fixed in advance to the output shaft before attaching the output shaft to the crankshaft.
As a result of making the rotational center axis of the crankshaft and the fastening axis of the fastening member different, loosening between the crankshaft and the outputs shaft can be prevented regardless of a magnitude of a rotational inertial force that is transmitted to the crankshaft from the rotor unit via the output shaft. The rotor unit may thus be large in weight and the rotor unit can thus be made high in degree of freedom of design.
The rotor unit may be a flywheel unit that is fixed to the output shaft and stabilizes the rotation of the crankshaft by being arranged to be rotated together with the crankshaft. By this arrangement, the flywheel unit, which is a heavy object, can be connected readily and in a stable state to the crankshaft by being arranged to fix the output shaft, to which the flywheel unit is fixed, to the crankshaft.
The rotor unit may be a rotor unit of a power generator that generates electricity by a driving force of the engine. The rotor unit is combined with a stator unit to define the power generator. The rotor unit may also serve the role of the flywheel unit as well.
Besides the above, the rotor unit may be a gear unit, to which a driving force from a starter motor (self-starting motor) is transmitted (preferably transmitted via a one-way clutch). Or, the rotor unit may be a gear unit that transmits the driving force of the engine to a supercharger. Yet further, the rotor unit may be a sprocket engaged to a cam chain that transmits power to a cam that drives an air intake valve and an exhaust valve. Besides the above, a rotating member that is to be rotated by the driving force of the engine can be the rotor unit.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second connection portion of the output shaft includes a flange portion arranged to contact the first connection portion of the crankshaft. By this arrangement, the output shaft and the crankshaft can readily be fastened in a disposition where the rotational center axis of the crankshaft and the fastening axis of the fastening member differ.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotor unit is fixed to the flange portion of the output shaft. By this arrangement, the rotor unit can be rotated with the rotation of the output shaft. The flange portion of the output shaft can be connected to both the first connection portion of the crankshaft and to the rotor unit. In this case, the output shaft does not have to have a separate flange portion for connection to the crankshaft and a separate flange for connection to the rotor unit, and the output shaft can thus be made short. The rotor unit, which is a heavy object, can be readily fixed in a stable state to the output shaft by the flange portion.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first connection portion of the crankshaft includes a flange portion arranged to contact the flange portion of the output shaft. By this arrangement, the crankshaft and the output shaft can be fastened readily by being arranged to fasten together the flange portion of the crankshaft and the flange portion of the output shaft by the fastening member.
Preferably in this case, a stator unit arranged to surround an outer peripheral portion of the crankshaft inside the rotor chamber and disposed so as to overlap with the flange portion of the crankshaft when viewed from a direction that is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the crankshaft, and a rotor unit fixed to the flange portion of the output shaft, and arranged to extend to the crankcase side of the main engine body, and to cover an outer peripheral portion of the stator unit, are further included.
By this arrangement, the crankshaft can be made short in a fore-and-aft direction because the stator unit and the flange portion of the crankshaft are disposed so as to be overlapped. By being arranged to surround the periphery of the stator unit with the rotor unit, the rotor unit can be made to oppose the stator unit. A power generator that generates electric power by a magnetic interaction of the stator unit and the rotor unit can thereby be arranged.
Preferably in this case, the rotor unit is fastened to the flange portion of the output shaft. By this arrangement, the rotor unit can be rotated with the rotation of the output shaft. The flange portion of the output shaft can also be connected to both the first connection portion of the crankshaft and the rotor unit. The output shaft can thereby be made short because the output shaft does not have to have a separate flange portion for connection to the crankshaft and a separate flange for connection to the rotor unit. The rotor unit, which is a heavy object, can be fixed in a stable state to the output shaft by the flange portion.
In a water jet propulsion watercraft according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of the fastening members are disposed along a circumference of predetermined radius, centered on the rotational center axis of the crankshaft, and spaced apart at predetermined intervals. By this arrangement, the output shaft can be fastened firmly with respect to the crankshaft and yet uniformly around the rotational center axis. Moreover, the output shaft is fastened to the crankshaft at positions spaced away from the rotational center axis, and relative rotation of the crankshaft and the output shaft can thus be restricted more reliably by the fastening members. The rotation of the crankshaft can thus be transmitted reliably to the output shaft. Also, in a case where the rotor unit is a flywheel unit, its rotation due to inertia can be transmitted reliably to the crankshaft. Rotation of the crankshaft during idling of the engine, etc., can thereby be stabilized.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a screw hole is provided in the first connection portion of the crankshaft, a screw insertion hole is provided in the second connection portion of the output shaft, and the fastening member includes a screw member arranged to pass through the screw insertion hole and to be threadedly fixed in the screw hole. By this arrangement, the process of fastening the output shaft to the crankshaft can be performed from an outer side (rear side) of the main engine body. The output shaft can thus be fastened firmly and uniformly to the crankshaft by an easily-performed work.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a positioning structure, disposed at a position spaced at a predetermined distance from the rotational center axis of the crankshaft arranged to restrict relative rotations of the first connection portion and the second connection portion about the rotational center axis to set a position of the output shaft with respect to the crankshaft. By this arrangement, positioning of the output shaft in the rotational direction with respect to the crankshaft can be performed. The rotation of the crankshaft can thus be transmitted more reliably to the output shaft. In the case where the rotor unit is the flywheel unit, its rotation due to inertia can be transmitted to the crankshaft reliably.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a recessed portion provided on one of the rear end portion of the crankshaft and the front end portion of the output shaft, and a protruding portion provided on the other one of the rear end portion of the crankshaft and the front end portion of the output shaft and arranged to fit with the recessed portion, and central axes of the recessed portion and the protruding portion are matched with the rotational center axis. By this arrangement, the output shaft and the crankshaft can be disposed coaxially by fitting of the protruding portion and the recessed portion. The protruding portion can be fitted in the recessed portion before a work of fastening the output shaft and crankshaft by the fastening member. Circumferential direction positions of the crankshaft and the output shaft can thereby be adjusted in a state where the output shaft and the crankshaft are disposed coaxially. The crankshaft and the output shaft can thereafter be fastened by the fastening member. A work of assembling together the output shaft and the crankshaft can thereby be performed readily because there is no need to attach the fastening member in a state where a worker supports the heavy output shaft.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes, a stator unit arranged to surround an outer peripheral portion of the crankshaft inside the rotor chamber, and the main engine body includes a crankcase arranged to house a portion of the crankshaft, and the stator unit is attached to the crankcase of the main engine body. By this arrangement, assembly of the water jet propulsion watercraft is facilitated. For example, in a case where the stator unit is attached to a cover that covers the rotor chamber, the stator unit is drawn towards a magnet of the rotor unit during attachment of the cover to the crankcase side. It is thus difficult to attach the cover to the crankcase side. In contrast, according to the above-described arrangement, the stator unit is attached to the crankcase and there is thus no need to attach the stator unit to a cover that covers the rotor chamber. The cover can thus be attached to the crankcase side with ease.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes, a starter motor arranged to be driven when the engine is started, a first gear arranged to output a driving force of the starter motor, a second gear coupled to the first gear in a manner enabling constant transmission of power and arranged to transmit the driving force of the starter motor to the output shaft, and a one-way clutch disposed between the output shaft and the second gear and arranged to make the second gear run idle with respect to the output shaft such that the driving force of the output shaft is not transmitted to the second gear while the engine is running. By this arrangement, during starting of the engine, the driving force of the starter motor is transmitted to the crankshaft via the first gear, the second gear, and the one-way clutch. The engine is thereby started. On the other hand, while the engine is running, the one-way clutch does not transmit the rotation of the crankshaft to the second gear.
In U.S. Patent Application Publication 2004/0194682 A1 a structure is described as operating such that, during the starting of the engine, gears that transmit the driving force of a starter motor are mutually engaged and the mutual engagement of these gears is disengaged after completion of the starting of the engine. However, according to this structure, the gears and the motor become damaged readily because the mutual engagement and disengagement of the gears are repeated. In contrast, according to the arrangement described above, even though the engagement between gears is not disengaged, the driving force of the engine is not transmitted to the stator motor side by the function of the one-way clutch after completion of the starting of the engine. A highly reliable structure with a low occurrence of malfunction can thus be provided.
In this case, the second connection portion of the output shaft includes a flange portion having a front end that is arranged to contact the first connection portion of the crankshaft, and the one-way clutch is fixed to a rear surface of the flange portion of the output shaft. By this arrangement, the one-way clutch can be attached firmly and readily to the flange portion of the output shaft from the outer side (rear side) of the main engine body. From another viewpoint, a rotating member at the flange portion side of the one-way clutch is an example of a rotor unit that is fixed to the flange portion.
Preferably, the second gear is rotatably supported on the output shaft at the rear relative to the flange portion of the output shaft. The one-way clutch includes a first rotating member at the flange portion side and a second rotating member at the second gear side and is arranged to transmit a relative rotation of the second rotating member with respect to the first rotating member in a first direction and not transmit the relative rotation in the other direction. While the engine is running, the second gear runs idle about the crankshaft.
The stator unit, which, as mentioned above, makes up the power generator together with the rotor unit that is fixed to the flange portion of the output shaft, can be supported on the main engine body (for example, the crankcase) at the front relative to the flange portion of the crankshaft. There is thus no need to secure a space for positioning the stator unit at the rear relative to the flange portion of the output shaft. The space inside the rotor chamber can thus be utilized effectively to compactly house the stator unit and the second gear. Moreover, workability during attachment of the cover of the rotor chamber can be improved as mentioned above.
Preferably in this case, the crankshaft includes a first oil passage portion through which oil flows, and the output shaft includes a second oil passage portion connected to the first oil passage portion and arranged to supply the oil to the one-way clutch. By this arrangement, the oil can be supplied to the one-way clutch with ease. For example, the oil can be supplied to the one-way clutch by being arranged to supply the oil to the oil passage from the main engine body side.
In a water jet propulsion watercraft according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fastening member is arranged to fasten the first connection portion and the second connection portion in a fastening direction that intersects the rotational center axis of the crankshaft.
By this arrangement, as a result of the fastening axis of the fastening member extending in the fastening direction that intersects the rotational center axis and differing from the rotational center axis of the crankshaft, the loosening of the output shaft with respect to the crankshaft can be prevented as described above.
Preferably in this case, the fastening direction is substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis of the crankshaft. By this arrangement, the output shaft and the crankshaft are fastened in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis. The fastening member can thereby be used as a retaining member that prevents the output shaft and the crankshaft from moving in directions of separating along the rotational center axis.
In a water jet propulsion watercraft according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first connection portion and the second connection portion overlap when viewed from a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the crankshaft, and the fastening member is arranged to fasten the overlapping portions of the first connection portion and the second connection portion to each other. By this arrangement, the crankshaft and the output shaft can be fastened readily in the direction intersecting the rotational center axis.
Preferably in this case, the crankshaft includes an oil passage portion provided along the rotational center axis, the fastening member includes a screw member, the second connection portion of the output shaft includes a bearing surface portion arranged to receive the screw member, and a screw insertion hole opening at the bearing surface portion, the first connection portion of the crankshaft includes a screw hole arranged to engage with the screw member passing through the screw insertion hole, and a tip portion of the screw member is arranged so as not to reach the oil passage portion. By this arrangement, clogging of the oil passage portion by the screw member can prevented. Reduction of a flow amount of the oil in the oil passage portion can thereby be prevented.
Preferably in the water jet propulsion watercraft where the screw member fastens the overlapping portions of the first connection portion and the second connection portion to each other, one of either of the first connection portion and the second connection portion includes a recessed portion, the other of the first connection portion and the second connection portion includes a protruding portion arranged to fit with the recessed portion, and the recessed portion and the protruding portion are fitted together along the rotational center axis. By this arrangement, the first connection portion and the second connection portion can be fitted so as to overlap when viewed from a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the crankshaft, and the overlapping portions can be fastened readily by the fastening member.
Further, by being arranged to fit together the recessed portion and the protruding portion, the output shaft and the crankshaft can be fitted in a coaxial state at a point prior to fastening the first connection portion and the second connection portion by the fastening member. The fastening member can thus be attached without having to manually support the output shaft. That is, the screw member does not have to be attached while manually supporting the output shaft, to which the heavy rotor unit is fixed, and positioning the output shaft with respect to the crankshaft. The work of installing the output shaft onto the crankshaft can thereby be performed readily.
Preferably in this case, the protruding portion has an outer peripheral surface having a polygonal shape when viewed from a direction extending along the rotational center axis, and the recessed portion has inner peripheral surface having a polygonal shape arranged to engage with the outer peripheral surface of the protruding portion when viewed from the direction extending along the rotational center axis. By this arrangement, the protruding portion and the recessed portion can be engaged so as not to run idle with respect to each other. The rotational force of the crankshaft can thus be transmitted to the output shaft. Transmission of power from the crankshaft to the output shaft via the engagement of the recessed portion and the protruding portion can thereby be performed in addition to the transmission of power from the crankshaft to the output shaft via the fastening member. A load received by the fastening member during transmission of the rotation of the crankshaft to the output shaft can thereby be reduced, and the durability of the fastening member can thus be improved.
Preferably, the water jet propulsion watercraft, where the fastening member connects the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the fastening direction that intersects the rotational center axis of the crankshaft, further includes a flange member disposed at an outer peripheral surface portion of the output shaft inside the rotor chamber and to which the rotor unit is attached, and a flange fastening member arranged to fasten the flange member to the output shaft, and the flange fastening member is arranged to fasten the flange member and the output shaft along a direction directed from the outer peripheral surface portion to the rotational center axis. By this arrangement, the flange member can be fastened readily to the output shaft in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis by the flange fastening member.
Other elements, features, steps, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The water jet propulsion watercraft 1 of the preferred embodiment includes a hull 2, a seat 3, a steering apparatus 4, an engine 5, and a jet propulsion unit 6. The hull 2 includes a deck 2a and a hull body 2b. The seat 3 is disposed on an upper portion of the hull 2. The steering apparatus 4 for steering the hull 2 is disposed in front of the seat 3. The engine 5 is disposed in an engine room in an interior of the hull 2. The jet propulsion unit 6 is disposed at the rear of the engine 5 inside the hull body 2b.
Specifically, a sprocket 60a is disposed at the front end side of camshaft 59, and the chain 60 is engaged with the sprocket 60a. The chain 60 is engaged with a sprocket 60b fixed to a front end portion of the crankshaft 62. The chain 60 is thus driven with the rotation of the crankshaft 62. That is, the camshaft 59 is arranged to be rotated by the crankshaft 62 being rotated.
Ignition plugs 61 are disposed in the cylinder head 52. A tip end 61a of each ignition plug 61 is disposed to protrude into a combustion chamber 52a defined by the cylinder body 51, the cylinder head 52, and the piston 55. The cylinder head cover 53 is attached to the cylinder head 52 so as to cover the camshaft 59.
Also, the cylinder body 51 is attached to the crankcase 54. The crankshaft 62 is supported in a state of being sandwiched between the cylinder body 51 and the crankcase 54. Lower ends of the connecting rods 56 are rotatably attached to the crankshaft 62. The crankshaft 62 is thereby arranged to be rotated with the pistons 55 being slid up and down. The sprocket 60b is fixed to a front side (FWD arrow direction side) portion of the crankshaft 62. The chain 60 is further engaged with the sprocket 60b.
An auxiliary machinery chamber 63 is disposed at a rear portion of the cylinder body 51 and the crankcase 54. A stator unit 69 and a rotor unit 68, to be described later, and other auxiliary machinery are disposed inside the auxiliary machinery chamber 63. Specifically, the auxiliary machinery chamber 63 is formed of a rear end portion of the cylinder body 51, a rear end portion of the crankcase 54, and a cover member 64 and has a housing space in its interior. The cover member 64 covers the rear end portion of the cylinder body 51 and the rear end portion of the crankcase 54. The auxiliary machinery chamber 63 is an example of a “rotor chamber” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the cover member 64 is an example of a “main engine body” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. “Auxiliary machinery” refers to auxiliary machinery accessory to the engine 5, which is the main machinery.
Also, in the first preferred embodiment, as shown in
Also, the screw member 66 is an example of a “fastening member” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The fastening axis L2 of the screw member 66 is the center axis of a screw shaft of the screw member 66 and is a straight line extending along the fastening direction (a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the output shaft 65). By being arranged to be inserted through both of the flange portions 62a and 65a, the screw shaft opposes both the screw hole 62d and the screw insertion hole 65b in a circumferential direction of the crankshaft 62 and receives a shear force due to relative rotation of the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65. The flange portion 65a is an example of a “flange portion of the output shaft,” a “front end of the output shaft,” and a “second connection portion of the output shaft” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The protruding portion 65c is provided on the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 (FWD arrow direction side portion of the output shaft 65) along the rotational center axis L1. The protruding portion 65c is arranged to be insertable in the recessed portion 62c of the crankshaft 62 as described above.
An oil passage portion 65e is formed along the rotational center axis L1 of the output shaft 65. The oil passage portion 65e is an example of a “second oil passage portion” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The oil passage portion 65e is arranged so as to extend rearward from an FWD arrow direction side end portion of the protruding portion 65c and be connected to an outer peripheral surface of the output shaft 65 at a portion at which a one-way clutch 72, to be described below is disposed. A space inside the oil passage portion 65e and a space inside the oil passage 62b are in communication. Oil from the main engine body side is thereby made to flow into the oil passage portion 65e via the oil passage portion 62b of the crankshaft 62. The oil passage portion 65e has a function of supplying the oil, flowing in from the oil passage portion 62b, to the one-way clutch 72 to be described below. Oil can thus be supplied readily to the one-way clutch 72.
Also, the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 is formed to have a larger diameter than the flange portion 62a of the crankshaft 62. The rotor unit 68 is fastened preferably by riveting to the FWD arrow direction side surface (front surface) of the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the first preferred embodiment, the one-way clutch 72 is attached to the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 as shown in
As shown in
Also, the gear 76b is constantly engaged with a gear 77a of the starter motor 77. The starter motor 77 is arranged to be driven when the engine 5 is started, and the gear 77a is provided to output the driving force of the starter motor 77 to the output shaft 65 and the crankshaft 62 via the gear member 76 and the gear 74. The gear 77a is an example of a “first gear” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the first preferred embodiment, the gear 77a of the starter motor 77 and the gear 76b of the gear member 76 are arranged to be in constant engagement. The gear 76a of the gear member 76 and the gear 74 are arranged to be in constant engagement. The gear 77a of the starter motor 77 and the gear 74 on the crankshaft 62 are thus coupled in a manner enabling constant transmission of power. On the other hand, by the action of the one-way clutch 72, the driving force of the output shaft 65 is not transmitted to the gear 74 while the engine 5 is running. That is, the gear 74 runs idle with respect to the output shaft 65. Thus, practically, the starter motor 77 is not a load while the engine 5 is running.
Also, a bearing 78 is disposed at the rear of the gear 74 of the output shaft 65. The bearing 78 is attached to the cover member 64, and rotatably supports the output shaft 65 that protrudes rearward from the auxiliary machinery chamber 63. The bearing 78 is an example of a “rotor unit” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A seal member 79 is disposed at the rear of the bearing 78. The seal member 79 seals a portion between the output shaft 65 and the cover member 64 and prevents entry of water, etc., into the interior of the auxiliary machinery chamber 63.
As shown in
The coupling 80 is tightened to the output shaft 65 by a retaining plug 81 so as not to fall off from the output shaft 65. The retaining plug 81 is screwed into the screw hole 65h while supporting a rear end portion of an axial portion of the output shaft 65 side part of the coupling 80 in the FWD arrow direction. The retaining plug 81 is arranged to become fastened to the output shaft 65 by being rotated in a second direction, which is opposite the first direction, with respect to the screw hole 65h. That is, the retaining plug 81 is arranged to become fastened to the output shaft 65 when the coupling 80 is rotated in the direction opposite the direction of being fastened to the screw portion 65g of the output shaft 65. A force that tightens the retaining plug 81 to the output shaft 65 is thereby applied when a force, in the rotational direction in which the coupling 80 falls off from the output shaft 65, is applied to the output shaft 65 side portion of the coupling 80. Falling-off of the coupling 80 from the output shaft 65 can thus be prevented.
The crankshaft 62 is rotated in one direction by the engine 5. When the water jet propulsion watercraft 1 is used on water, the impeller 85 receives a load due to water. This load acts to fasten the coupling 80 to the screw portion 65g of the output shaft 65. Thus, when the water jet propulsion watercraft 1 is used on water, the coupling 80 and the output shaft 65 are maintained in a firmly coupled state.
On the other hand, for maintenance after use, a user of the water jet propulsion watercraft 1 performs racing of the engine 5 on land. Water inside the hull 2 can thereby be eliminated. Unlike on water, a load due to water is not applied to the impeller 85 during the racing on land. Thus, when the user performs rapid closing of the accelerator from a state where it is open, a rotational speed of the crankshaft 62 decreases sharply. Consequently, a rotational direction force (load) is applied to the drive shaft 82 and the output shaft 65 due to a rotational inertial force of the impeller 85 and the drive shaft 82. In such a case, the retaining plug 81 becomes tightened to the output shaft 65. The falling-off of the coupling 80 from the output shaft 65 can thereby be prevented.
In the first preferred embodiment, the rotational direction load applied to the drive shaft 82 and the output shaft 65 acts about the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 62. On the other hand, the fastening axis L2 of each screw member 66 differs from the rotational center axis L1. Thus, even when the crankshaft 62 receives a load in the first rotational direction or receives a load in the second rotational direction, each of the screw members 66 can receive a shear force due to relative rotation of the flange portion 62e of the crankshaft 62 and the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65. According to such screw members 66, changing of fastening forces of the screw members 66 according to the rotational direction load can be prevented. Loosening of the output shaft 65 with respect to the crankshaft 62 can thereby be prevented. Moreover, occurrence of vibration between the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65 can be prevented because the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65 are fastened by the screw members 66.
An axial portion of each screw member 66 receives the shear force by a reaction force due to contact with the flange portion 62a in the direction of relative rotation of the flange portion 62a and the flange portion 65a, and receives the shear force by a reaction force due to contact with the flange portion 65a. The axial portion of each screw member 66 can thus connect the flange portion 62a and the flange portion 65a by the reaction forces due to contact in the rotational direction in addition to frictional forces. The flange portion 62a and the flange portion 65a can thus be connected more firmly.
Also, the fastening axis L2 of each screw member 66 that fastens the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65 differs from the rotational center axis L1. The rotational direction load can thus be prevented from acting as a force that makes each screw member 66 rotate about its fastening axis L2. Rotation of the screw members 66 in a loosening manner can thereby be prevented, and loosening of the output shaft 65 with respect to the crankshaft 62 can thus be prevented.
The auxiliary machinery chamber 63 is disposed at the rear portion of the main engine body (crankcase 54), and the rotor unit 68 is disposed inside the auxiliary machinery chamber 63. A center of gravity of the water jet propulsion watercraft 1 can thereby be disposed toward the rear. Consequently, a contribution can be made to motion performance (mainly, turning performance) of the water jet propulsion watercraft 1.
In the first preferred embodiment, both the connection of the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65 and the connection of the crankshaft 62 and the rotor unit 68 can be achieved in a single step of connecting the output shaft 65, to which the rotor unit 68 is fixed, to the crankshaft 62. For example, in an arrangement where the crankshaft 62 is directly attached to the rotor unit 68, the two steps of a first step of attaching the rotor unit 68 to the crankshaft 62 and a second step of attaching the output shaft 65 to the crankshaft 62 are required and this is troublesome. Moreover, in a process of fixing the rotor unit 68 to the crankshaft 62, the main engine body that houses a large portion of the crankshaft 62 is an obstacle and the process is thus difficult to perform. In contrast, according to the arrangement of the preferred embodiment, the process of fixing the rotor unit 68 to the output shaft 65 can be performed easily because the rotor unit 68 can be fixed in advance to the output shaft 65 before attachment.
As a result of making different the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 62 and the fastening axis L2 of each screw member 66, loosening between the crankshaft 62 and the outputs shaft 65 (loosening of the screw members 66) can be prevented regardless of a magnitude of a rotational inertial force that is transmitted to the crankshaft 62 via the output shaft 65 from the rotor unit 68. The rotor unit 68 may thus be large in weight and the rotor unit 68 can thus be made high in degree of freedom of design.
The rotor unit 68 is a flywheel unit that is fixed to the output shaft 65 and stabilizes the rotation of the crankshaft 62 by being arranged to be rotated together with the crankshaft 62. By thus fixing the output shaft 65, to which the flywheel unit 68 is fixed, to the crankshaft 62, the flywheel unit, which is a heavy object, can be connected readily and in a stable state to the crankshaft 62.
In the first preferred embodiment, the output shaft 65 is provided with the flange portion 65a that is contactable with the flange portion 62a (rear end portion) of the crankshaft 62 as described above. The output shaft 65 and the crankshaft 62 can thereby be fastened readily in a disposition where the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 62 and the fastening axis L2 of each screw member 66 are differed.
In the first preferred embodiment, the rotor unit 68 is fixed (fastened) to the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 as described above. The rotor unit 68 can thereby be rotated with the rotation of the output shaft 65. The flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 can be connected to both the flange portion 62a of the crankshaft 62 and to the rotor unit 68. The output shaft 65 thus does not have to have a separate flange portion for connection to the crankshaft and a separate flange for connection to the rotor unit, and the output shaft 65 can thus be made short. The rotor unit 68, which is a heavy object, can be readily fixed in a stable state to the output shaft 65 by the flange portion 65a.
In the first preferred embodiment, the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65 can be fastened readily by fastening the flange portion 62a of the crankshaft 62 and the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 by the screw members 66.
In the first preferred embodiment, the crankshaft 62 can be made short in a fore-and-aft direction because the stator unit 69 and the flange portion 62a of the crankshaft 62 are disposed so as to be overlapped when viewed from a direction orthogonal to the rotational center axis L1 as described above. By being arranged to surround the periphery of the stator unit 69 with the rotor unit 68, the rotor unit 68 can be made to oppose the stator unit 69. A power generator that generates electric power by a magnetic interaction of the stator unit 69 and the rotor unit 68 can thereby be arranged.
In the first preferred embodiment, the plurality of screw members 66 are disposed along the circumference R of the predetermined radius, centered on the rotational center axis L1, while arranged to be spaced apart at the predetermined intervals as described above. The output shaft 65 can thereby be fastened firmly with respect to the crankshaft 62 and yet uniformly around the rotational center axis L1. Moreover, the screw members 66, which are inserted through both the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65, can restrict relative rotation of the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65 because the output shaft 65 is fastened to the crankshaft 62 at positions away from the rotational center axis L1. The rotation of the crankshaft 62 can thereby be transmitted reliably to the output shaft 65. The rotation due to inertia of the rotor unit 68 as the flywheel unit can be transmitted reliably to the crankshaft 62. The rotation of the crankshaft 62 during idling of the engine 5, etc., can thereby be stabilized.
Also, in the first preferred embodiment, the screw holes 62d are formed in the flange portion 62a of the crankshaft 62, and the screw insertion holes 65b are formed in the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 as described above. The screw members 66 pass through the screw insertion holes 65b and are threadedly fixed in the screw holes 62d of the crankshaft 62. A work of fastening the output shaft 65 and the crankshaft 62 can thereby be performed from an outer side (rear side) of the main engine body (crankcase 54). The output shaft 65 can thus be fastened firmly and uniformly to the crankshaft 62 by an easily-performed work.
In the first preferred embodiment, the positioning pin 67 is inserted in pin holes 62e and 65d formed at positions spaced at the predetermined distance from the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 62 as described above. Positioning of the output shaft 65 in the rotational direction with respect to the crankshaft 62 can thereby be performed. By the positioning pin 67, the rotation of the crankshaft 62 can be transmitted more reliably to the output shaft 65. The rotation due to inertia of the rotor unit 68 as the flywheel unit can be transmitted to the crankshaft 62 reliably.
In the first preferred embodiment, the recessed portion 62c formed in the rear end portion of the crankshaft 62, and the protruding portion 65c formed on the front end portion of the output shaft 65 are fitted together, and the central axes of the recessed portion 62c and the protruding portion 65c are matched with the rotational center axis L1 as described above. The output shaft 65 and the crankshaft 62 can thereby be disposed coaxially. The protruding portion 65c can be fitted in the recessed portion 62c before a work of fastening the output shaft 65 and crankshaft 62 by the screw members 66. Circumferential direction positions of the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65 can thereby be adjusted in a state where the output shaft 62 and the crankshaft 65 are disposed coaxially. The crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65 can thereafter be fastened by the screw members 66. A work of assembling together the output shaft 65 and the crankshaft 62 can thereby be performed readily because there is no need to attach the screw members 66 in a state where a worker supports the heavy output shaft 65.
In the first preferred embodiment, the stator unit 69 is attached to the crankcase 54 as described above. Ease of assembly is thereby improved significantly. If an arrangement where the stator unit 69 is supported by the cover member 64 that covers the auxiliary machinery chamber 63 is used, the stator unit 69 must be attached in advance to the cover member 64. An assembly that is thus formed has a large weight as a whole because the stator unit 69 is a heavy object. When this assembly is attached to the crankcase 54, the stator unit 69 is drawn towards the magnets 68c of the rotor unit 68. A worker must hold, position, and attach the assembly to the crankcase 54 against both the large gravitational force and the powerful magnetic force that act on the assembly. Moreover, the cover member 64 becomes immersed in water during use of the water jet propulsion watercraft 1 and a portion between the cover member 64 and the crankcase 54 must thus be sealed in a watertight manner. The cover member 64 must thus be positioned accurately with respect to the crankcase 54. Due to such circumstances, installation of the assembly, with which the stator unit 69 is attached to the cover member 64, is a difficult process.
On the other hand, the first preferred embodiment has the structure where the stator unit 69 is supported on the crankcase 54. Thus, the cover member 64, without the stator unit 69 arranged to be attached thereto, can be attached to the crankcase 54. The worker is thus relieved of the difficult task of bearing the large gravitational force and the powerful magnetic force. The workability during attachment of the cover member 64 can thereby improved and more accurate positioning of the cover member 64 is enabled.
In the first preferred embodiment, the output shaft 65 transmits the large driving force from the crankshaft 62 to the drive shaft 82, and a large load is thus applied to portions (the screw members 66) coupling the crankshaft 62 and the output shaft 65. Further, the rotor unit 68, as the flywheel magnet, is coupled to the output shaft 65. Thus, an even larger load in the rotational direction is applied to the screw members 66 that couple together the output shaft 65 and the crankshaft 62. However, even if the output shaft 65 is heavy, the rotor unit 68, which is a heavy object, can be fixed to the output shaft 65 because the loosening of the screw members 66 is prevented. A space between the crankcase 54 and the rotor unit 68 can thereby be secured.
The driving force of the starter motor 77 can be transmitted to the crankshaft 62 via the gear 74 and the output shaft 65. The gear 74 can thereby be positioned at the rear relative to the crankshaft 62. By such disposition of the gear 74, the space between the crankcase 54 and the rotor unit 68 can be secured.
Consequently, the space arranged to dispose the stator unit 69 can be secured between the crankcase 54 and the flange portion 62a of the crankshaft 62. The space arranged to dispose the stator unit 69 can thereby be secured between the rear wall of the crankcase 54 and the rotor unit 68. The stator unit 69 can thus be supported on the crankcase 54. A member that can be disposed at the crankcase 54 side (front side) relative to the flange portion 62a of the crankshaft 62 is a member that is not fixed to the crankshaft 62, that is, the stator unit 69. This stator unit 69 can be disposed immediately to the rear of the crankcase 54. The disposition space inside the auxiliary machinery chamber 63 can thereby be used efficiently, and the auxiliary machinery chamber 63 can thus be made compact.
By the above, the stator unit 69, the flange portion 62a of the crankshaft 62, the rotor unit 68, the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65, the one-way clutch 72, and the gear 74 can be disposed in that order from the front. Although the rotor unit 68 is disposed comparatively rearward, because the stator unit 69 can be disposed in front thereof and the stator unit 69 is covered by the rotor unit 68, there is no worry of the auxiliary machinery chamber 63 becoming large.
In the first preferred embodiment, the plurality of gears, defining the power transmission path from the gear 77a of the starter motor 77 to the gear 74 on the output shaft 65, are in the constantly engaged state as described above. Further, the one-way clutch 72 is arranged to cause the gear 74 run idle with respect to the output shaft 65 while the engine 5 is running. The driving force of the stator motor 77 is thus transmitted to the crankshaft 62 via the one-way clutch 72 during the starting of the engine 5. On the other hand, while the engine 5 is running, the power transmission path from the output shaft 65 to the starter motor 77 is interrupted by the one-way clutch 72. By this structure, the need to disengage the engagement of the gear 77a with the gears 76b, 76a, and 74 is eliminated. Damaging of the gears and the starter motor 77 that occurs readily when engagement and disengagement of the gears with each other are repeated can thus be prevented. A highly reliable structure with a low occurrence of malfunction can thus be provided.
Also, in the first preferred embodiment, the one-way clutch 72 is fixed to the rear surface of the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 as described above. The one-way clutch 72 can thereby be attached firmly and readily to the flange portion 65a of the output shaft 65 from the outer side of the main engine body (crankcase 54).
Also, in the first preferred embodiment, the oil passage portion 62b, through which the oil flows, is provided in the crankshaft 62 as described above. The output shaft 65 is provided with the oil passage portion 65e that is connected to the oil passage portion 62b and is arranged to supply the oil to the one-way clutch 72. The oil can thereby be supplied to the one-way clutch 72 with ease. That is, the oil can be supplied to the one-way clutch 72 by supplying the oil to the oil passages 62b and 65e from the main engine body side.
A structure of a water jet propulsion watercraft according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention shall now be described.
As shown in
In the second preferred embodiment, a protruding portion 162a that protrudes to the rear is formed on a rear end portion of the crankshaft 162. The protruding portion 162a is arranged to have a cylindrical form centered at the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 162 and fits with a recessed portion 165a of the output shaft 165. The protruding portion 162a is an example of the “first connection portion” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the crankshaft 162, an oil passage portion 162b is formed along the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 162.
Also, as shown in
As shown in
When the output shaft 165 is connected to the crankshaft 162, the pair of screw insertion holes 165b are respectively disposed at positions corresponding to the pair of screw holes 162c of the crankshaft 162. Then, the screw members 166 of a number corresponding to the number of the screw insertion holes 165b are provided, and each screw member 166 is threadedly fixed in the corresponding screw hole 162c via the corresponding screw insertion hole 165b. Each screw member 166 extends toward the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 162. The output shaft 165 is thereby fastened to the crankshaft 162. That is, the protruding portion 162a and the recessed portion 165a, which overlap when viewed from a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the crankshaft 162 (FWD arrow direction), are fastened in a fastening direction along a fastening axis L102 that is substantially perpendicular to (intersects) the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 162. The fastening axis L102 of each screw member 166 is substantially perpendicular to (intersects) the rotational center axis L1. The screw members 166 are an example of the “fastening member” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The fastening axis L102 of each screw member 166 is a center axis of a screw shaft of the screw member 166 and is a straight line extending along the fastening direction (a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the output shaft 165). By being arranged to be inserted through both the protruding portion 162a and the recessed portion 165a, the screw shaft opposes both the screw hole 162c and the screw insertion hole 165b in a circumferential direction of the crankshaft 162, and receives a shear force due to relative rotation of the crankshaft 162 and the output shaft 165.
As shown in
At the rear of the step portion 165f of the outer peripheral surface of the output shaft 165, a pair of screw holes 165g are formed spaced apart at an angular interval of approximately 180 degrees. Each screw hole 165g extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to (intersecting) the rotational center axis L1 of the output shaft 165. That is, the pair of screw holes 165g respectively extend toward the rotational center axis L1 of the output shaft 165 and are disposed symmetrically about the rotational center axis L1 of the output shaft 165. The pair of screw holes 165g are connected to the oil passage portion 165d. A screw member 168 is coupled to each of the pair of screw holes 165g. Each of the pair of screw holes 165g is arranged to have a length such that the screw member 168 does not reach the oil passage portion 165d when the screw member 168 is coupled.
As shown in
A circumferential step portion 167f for disposing the rotor unit 169 is formed at an FWD arrow direction side surface of the flange portion 167a. An annular groove portion 167g for disposing the one-way clutch 174 is formed in a rear surface of the flange portion 167a. A forward facing step portion 167h is formed on the inner peripheral surface portion 167b of the flange member 167. The step portion 167h is brought into contact with the step portion 165f of the output shaft 165 by the flange member 167 being fitted onto the output shaft 165 with the inner peripheral surface portion 167b being passed along an outer peripheral surface portion of the output shaft 165.
Also, a pair of screw insertion holes 167i are spaced apart at an angular interval of approximately 180 degrees on an outer peripheral surface of the thin portion 167c. Each of the pair of screw insertion holes 167i extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to (intersecting) the rotational center axis L1 of the flange member 167 (output shaft 165). That is, the pair of screw insertion holes 167i respectively extend toward the rotational center axis L1 of the flange member 167 (output shaft 165). The pair of screw insertion holes 167i are arranged to be respectively disposed at positions corresponding to the pair of screw holes 165g of the output shaft 165 when the flange member 167 is fitted onto the output shaft 165. The flange member 167 is fastened to the output shaft 165 by each screw member 168 arranged to be threadedly fixed in the corresponding screw hole 165g via the corresponding screw insertion hole 167i. The flange member 167 and the output shaft 165 thus can be said to be fastened in a fastening direction substantially perpendicular to (intersecting) the rotational center axis L1. The flange member 167 and the output shaft 165 are fastened along the direction directed toward the rotational center axis L1 from the outer peripheral surface portion of the output shaft 165. The screw members 168 are an example of a “flange fastening member” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Also, a pair of planar bearing surface portions 167j are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the thin portion 167c of the flange member 167. The pair of bearing surface portions 167j are disposed at equal intervals about the rotational center axis L1. The pair of screw insertion holes 167i respectively open to the corresponding bearing surface portions 167j. The bearing surface portions 167j receive head portions 168a of the screw members 168 by plane contact. Each screw member 168 is coupled to the corresponding screw hole 165g through the corresponding screw insertion hole 167i. Each screw member 168 can thereby be fastened firmly to the corresponding screw hole 165g through the corresponding screw insertion hole 167i. The screw member 168 can thus be prevented from falling out of the screw insertion hole 167i and the screw hole 165g.
In the second preferred embodiment, the rotor unit 169 is attached to the FWD arrow direction side surface of the flange member 167. As shown in
The stator unit 171, which surrounds an outer peripheral portion of the crankshaft 162, is disposed in the interior of the auxiliary machinery chamber 63. The stator unit 171 is disposed so as to overlap with a portion at which the crankshaft 162 and the output shaft 165 are fastened together (the protruding portion 162a and the recessed portion 165a) when viewed from a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the crankshaft 162.
As shown in
Also, in the second preferred embodiment, the one-way clutch 174 is attached to the flange portion 167a of the flange member 167 as shown in
As shown in
The gear 178b is constantly engaged with a gear 179a of the starter motor 179. The starter motor 179 is arranged to be driven when the engine 5 is started, and the gear 179a is provided to output the driving force of the starter motor 179 to the output shaft 165 and the crankshaft 162 via the gear member 178, the gear 176, and the flange member 167. The gear 179a is an example of the “first gear” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the second preferred embodiment, the gear 179a of the starter motor 179 and the gear 178b of the gear member 178 are arranged to be in constant engagement. The gear 178a of the gear member 178 and the gear 176 are arranged to be in constant engagement. The gear 179a of the starter motor 179 and the gear 176 on the output shaft 165 are thus coupled in a manner enabling constant transmission of power. On the other hand, by the action of the one-way clutch 174, the driving force of the output shaft 165 is not transmitted to the gear 176 while the engine 5 is running. That is, the gear 176 runs idle with respect to the output shaft 165. Thus, practically, the starter motor 179 is not a load while the engine 5 is running.
In the second preferred embodiment, the crankshaft 162 and the output shaft 165 are fastened by the screw members 166 in the fastening directions perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to (intersecting) the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 162 as described above. That is, the fastening axis L102 of each screw member 166 extends in the fastening direction that intersects the rotational center axis L1 and differs from the rotational center axis L1. By this arrangement, the loosening of the output shaft 165 with respect to the crankshaft 162 can be prevented during racing on land because a load that rotates each screw member 166 so as to loosen the screw member 166 is prevented from acting on the screw member 166.
The output shaft 165 and the crankshaft 162 are fastened in directions perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis L1. The screw members 166 can thereby be used as retaining members that prevent the output shaft 165 and the crankshaft 162 from moving in directions of separating along the rotational center axis L1.
By the auxiliary machinery chamber 63 is disposed at the rear portion of the main engine body (crankcase 54), the center of gravity of the engine 5 can be disposed at the rear because comparatively heavy objects, such as the power generating apparatus, made up of the rotor unit 169 and the stator unit 171, housed in the auxiliary machinery chamber 63, can be disposed at the rear of the engine 5. The center of gravity of the water jet propulsion watercraft can thereby be disposed at the rear. Consequently, a contribution can be made to motion performance (mainly, turning performance) of the water jet propulsion watercraft.
In the second preferred embodiment, the portions of the protruding portion 162a of the crankshaft 162 and the recessed portion 165a of the output shaft 165 that overlap when viewed from a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the crankshaft 162 are fastened together by the screw members 166 as described above. The crankshaft 162 and the output shaft 165 can thus be fastened readily in the fastening directions that intersect (are orthogonal to) the rotational center axis L1 by the screw members 166.
In the second preferred embodiment, each screw member 166 can be inserted toward the rotational center axis L1 into the screw hole 162c of the protruding portion 162a of the crankshaft 162 and the screw insertion hole 165b of the recessed portion 165a of the output shaft 165 as described above. The crankshaft 162 and the output shaft 165 can thereby be fastened readily in the directions that are perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis L1.
Also, in the second preferred embodiment, the plurality of screw members 166 are disposed mutually symmetrically (across a 180 degrees angle interval) with respect to the rotational center axis L1 of the crankshaft 162 as described above. Biasing of the load applied to the crankshaft 162 and the output shaft 165 can thereby be prevented. Consequently, the crankshaft 162 and the output shaft 165 can be fastened together firmly.
Also, in the second preferred embodiment, the tips of the screw members 166 are arranged so as not to reach the oil passage portion 162b as described above. Clogging of the oil passage portion 162b by the screw members 166 can thereby be prevented. Reduction of a flow amount of the oil in the oil passage portion 162b can thus be prevented.
The protruding portion 162a and the recessed portion 165a can be fitted so as to overlap as viewed from the direction orthogonal to the crankshaft 162, and the overlapping portions can be fastened readily by the screw members 166.
By the protruding portion 162a and the recessed portion 165a being arranged to fit together, the output shaft 165 and the crankshaft 162 can be fitted in a coaxial state at a point prior to fastening the protruding portion 162a and the recessed portion 165a by the screw members 166. The screw members 166 can thus be attached without having to support the output shaft 165 manually. That is, the screw members 166 do not have to be attached while manually supporting the output shaft 165, to which the heavy rotor unit 169 is fixed, and positioning the output shaft 165 with respect to the crankshaft 162. The work of installing the output shaft 165 onto the crankshaft 162 can thereby be performed readily.
In the second preferred embodiment, each screw member 168 can be inserted toward the rotational center axis L1 into the screw insertion hole 167i of the flange member 167 and the screw hole 165g of the output shaft 165 as described above. The flange member 167 can thereby be fastened readily to the output shaft 165 in the directions perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis L1.
Also, in the second preferred embodiment, the tips of the screw members 168 are arranged so as not to reach the oil passage portion 165d as described above. Clogging of the oil passage portion 165d by the screw members 168 can thereby be prevented. Reduction of the flow amount of the oil in the oil passage portion 165d can thus be prevented.
In the second preferred embodiment, as described above, the screw members 168 fasten the flange member 167 and the output shaft 165 together along directions from the outer peripheral surface portions of the output shaft 165 to the rotational center axis L1. The flange member 167 can thereby be fastened readily to the output shaft 165 in the directions perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis L1 by the screw member 168.
In the second preferred embodiment, the plurality of gears, performing the power transmission from the gear 179a of the starter motor 179 to the gear 176 on the output shaft 165, are in the constantly engaged state as described above. Further, the one-way clutch 174 is provided that makes the gear 176 run idle with respect to the flange member 167 while the engine 5 is running. The driving force of the stator motor 179 is thus transmitted to the crankshaft 162 via the one-way clutch 174 during the starting of the engine 5. On the other hand, while the engine 5 is running, the power transmission path from the output shaft 165 to the starter motor 179 is interrupted by the one-way clutch 174. By this structure, the need to disengage the engagement of the gear 179a with the gears 178b, 178a, and 176 is eliminated. Damaging of the gears and the starter motor 179 that occurs readily when engagement and disengagement of the gears with each other are repeated can thus be prevented. A highly reliable structure with a low occurrence of malfunction can thus be provided.
It is to be understood that the preferred embodiments disclosed herein are by all means illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and not by the preceding description of the preferred embodiments, and all changes that fall within the metes and bounds of the claims or equivalence of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the claims.
For example, according to the first and second preferred embodiments, the rotor unit, the stator unit, the one-way clutch, the gears, and the bearings were described as examples of the auxiliary machinery housed in the auxiliary machinery chamber. However, for example, a sprocket for driving a cam shaft and other auxiliary machinery may also be housed in the auxiliary machinery chamber.
Although in the first preferred embodiment, the rotational center axis of the crankshaft and the fastening axes of the screw members are preferably disposed in parallel or substantially in parallel, the present invention is not restricted thereto. The rotational center axis of the crankshaft and the fastening axes of the screw members may instead be disposed in a twisted relationship or an intersecting relationship.
Although in the second preferred embodiment, the rotational center axis of the crankshaft and the fastening axes of the screw members are preferably disposed so as to intersect, the present invention is not restricted thereto. The rotational center axis of the crankshaft and the fastening axes of the screw members may instead be disposed in a twisted relationship.
For example, according to the first preferred embodiment, an example was described where flange portions are provided both at the rear end portion of the first connection portion of the crankshaft and at the second connection portion of the output shaft, and the flange portion of the crankshaft and the flange portion of the output shaft are fastened. However, for example, the rear end portion of the crankshaft and the flange portion of the output shaft may be arranged to be fastened without providing the flange portion at the first connection portion of the crankshaft. Or, the flange portion of the crankshaft and the front end portion of the output shaft may be arranged to be fastened without providing the flange portion at the second connection portion of the output shaft. Or, flange portions do not have to be disposed at either the crankshaft or the output shaft. Even in this case, the fastening axes of the screw members that fasten the rear end portion of the crankshaft and the front end portion of the output shaft are disposed at positions shifted from the rotational center axis of the crankshaft.
Although according to the first preferred embodiment, an example where the flange portion of the crankshaft and the flange portion of the output shaft are preferably fastened by the screw members was described, the present invention is not restricted thereto. For example, the same advantage can be attained by fastening the flange portion of the crankshaft and the flange portion of the output shaft by riveting. The same object can be attained by a structure that fastens the flange portion of the crankshaft and the flange portion of the output shaft by a coupling that clamps the two flange portions. The coupling fastens the flange portion of the crankshaft and the flange portion of the output shaft along a fastening direction parallel to the output shaft.
Although according to the first preferred embodiment, an example where the recessed portion is provided at the rear end portion of the crankshaft and the protruding portion is provided at the front end portion of the output shaft was described, the present invention is not restricted thereto. For example, a protruding portion may be provided at the rear end portion of the crankshaft and a recessed portion may be provided at the front end portion of the output shaft. Although according to the second preferred embodiment, an example where the protruding portion is preferably provided at the rear end portion of the crankshaft and the recessed portion is provided at the front end portion of the output shaft was described, the present invention is not restricted thereto. For example, a recessed portion may be provided at the rear end portion of the crankshaft and a protruding portion may be provided at the front end portion of the output shaft.
In the first preferred embodiment, the screw holes of the flange portion of the crankshaft are preferably formed along the circumference, centered on the rotational center axis of the crankshaft and having the predetermined radius, while arranged to be mutually spaced apart at the predetermined angular intervals (equiangular intervals of approximately 60 degrees each). Then, the screw insertion holes of the flange portion of the output shaft are formed to be matched to the screw holes. However, the present invention is not restricted thereto, and the screw holes and the screw insertion holes may instead be positioned at positions deviating from a circumference such as that described above. The screw holes and the screw insertion holes are disposed so as to differ from the rotational center axis of the crankshaft in this case as well. The screw holes of the flange portion of the crankshaft and the screw insertion holes of the flange portion of the output shaft do not have to be positioned at equal intervals.
According to the first preferred embodiment, an example of applying the positioning pin that sets the position of the output shaft with respect to the crankshaft at a position separated by the predetermined distance from the rotational center axes of the crankshaft and the output shaft is preferably described as an example of the positioning structure of the present invention. However, the present invention is not restricted thereto. For example, an engaging hole or an engaging groove may be provided in one of either the crankshaft or the output shaft, and an engaging protrusion engageable with the engaging hole or the engaging groove may be provided in the other of either the crankshaft or the output shaft. Or, a key may be provided in one of either the crankshaft or the output shaft, and a key groove engageable with the key may be provided in the other of either the crankshaft or the output shaft.
In the first preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment, the stator unit is preferably fixed by screw members being screwed to the cylinder body and the crankcase. However, the stator unit may instead be fixed to the crankcase without being fixed to the cylinder body.
According to the second preferred embodiment, an example where the crankshaft and the output shaft are preferably fastened by two screw members was described. However, the present invention is not restricted thereto. For example, the crankshaft and the output shaft may be fastened by a single screw member or may be fastened by three or more screw members. In this case, the screw members are preferably disposed at equiangular intervals. The crankshaft and the output shaft may be fastened by a pin or a rivet, for example.
According to the second preferred embodiment, an example where the crankshaft and the output shaft are fastened in the fastening directions perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis of the crankshaft was described. However, the present invention is not restricted thereto. A fastening direction in which the crankshaft and the output shaft are fastened may be a direction that intersects but is not perpendicular to the rotational center axis of the crankshaft.
In the second preferred embodiment, the protruding portion that protrudes cylindrically toward the rear is formed on the rear end portion of the crankshaft. Then, the recessed portion, engageable with the protruding portion of the crankshaft and having the circumferential inner peripheral surface of the same shape as the cylindrical shape of the protruding portion, is formed in the front end portion of the output shaft. However, the present invention is not restricted thereto. For example, a crankshaft 262 and an output shaft 265 shown in
The crankshaft 262 of the water jet propulsion watercraft according to the modification example of the second preferred embodiment has the protruding portion 262a, which protrudes rearward. The protruding portion 262a has an outer peripheral surface of polygonal shape (rectangular shape) when viewed from the direction of extension of the rotational center axis L1. The output shaft 265 has the recessed portion 265a. An inner peripheral surface of the recessed portion 265a is formed to a polygonal shape (rectangular shape) that is engageable with the protruding portion 262a of the crankshaft 262 when viewed from the direction of extension of the rotational center axis L1. Each screw member 66 passes through a screw insertion hole 265b of the output shaft 265 and is threadedly fixed in a screw hole 262c of the crankshaft 262. The crankshaft 262 and the output shaft 265 are thereby fastened. The screw insertion hole 265b is an example of the “screw insertion hole” according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
By arranging the water jet propulsion watercraft according to the modification example of the second preferred embodiment as described above, the protruding portion 262a of the crankshaft 262 and the recessed portion 265a of the output shaft 265 can be engaged so as not to run idle with respect to each other. The rotational force of the crankshaft 262 can thus be transmitted to the output shaft 265. By the above, transmission of power from the crankshaft 262 to the output shaft 265 via the engagement of the recessed portion 265a and the protruding portion 262a can be performed in addition to the transmission of power from the crankshaft 262 to the output shaft 265 via the screw members 66. A load (shear force) received by the screw members 66 during transmission of the rotation of the crankshaft 262 to the output shaft 265 can thereby be reduced, and the screw members 66 can thus be improved in durability.
According to the modification example of the second preferred embodiment, an example where the outer peripheral surface of the protruding portion of the crankshaft and the inner peripheral surface of the recessed portion of the output shaft are arranged as rectangular shapes was described. However, the present invention is not restricted thereto. For example, the outer peripheral surface of the protruding portion of the crankshaft and the inner peripheral surface of the recessed portion of the output shaft may be arranged as polygonal shapes besides rectangular shapes.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it is to be understood that variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention, therefore, is to be determined solely by the following claims.
The present application corresponds to Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-248077 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Sep. 26, 2008, and the entire disclosure of the application is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-248077 | Sep 2008 | JP | national |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100081347 A1 | Apr 2010 | US |
